Unit 4 Astronomy:the science of the stars
Period 4 语法专题课
学习目标
1.Master the basic usage of noun clauses as the subject.
2.Learn to use the noun clauses as the subject in real situations through self-study and practice.
3.Be absorbed in English study and enjoy the beauty of English.
学习过程
Ⅰ.主语从句在复合句中作句子的主语
What made her happy was that she won the game in such an important match.
令她高兴的是在这么重要的比赛中她获胜了。
Ⅱ.主语从句的引导词及在句中的功能
1.连词that,whether。
(1)that在从句中不作句子成分,只起引导词的作用,没有实际意义,不能省略。
That she could come to help us made us very happy.她能来帮助我们使我们很高兴。
That the big earthquake had killed many people frightened people all over the world.
大地震使很多人丧生令世界震惊。
(2)whether在从句中不充当任何成分,只起引导词的作用,但有“是否”之意,也不可以省略。
Whether we go by train or by boat makes no difference.我们乘火车还是乘船去没有差别。
It is still unknown whether the plan will be carried out.这个计划是否会实施还不知道。
2.连接代词who,whose,whom,what,which,whichever,whoever,whomever,whatever等在从句中作主语、宾语、表语或定语,每个词都有自己的具体的含义。
What is needed for the space trip is careful preparation.太空之旅所需要的就是认真准备。
Who will go makes no difference.谁去没有区别。
Whatever you do in your spare time should do no harm to others.
无论你在业余时间干什么都不应该伤害他人。
3.连接副词when,where,how,why在从句中分别作时间、地点、方式、原因状语。
Why dinosaurs died out remains a puzzle.恐龙为什么会灭绝仍然是个谜。
Where the English evening party will be held has not yet been decided.
英语晚会将要在哪里举行还没有决定。
When we will have a meeting is an important question.我们何时举行会议是个很重要的问题。
连接词有: ;在句中 (作/不作)句子成分。连接代词有 ;在句中作 。
连接副词有: ;在句中作 。
Ⅲ.主语从句与形式主语it
1.It+be+形容词+主语从句,如:
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It is uncertain whether he can come to Jenny’s birthday party or not.
他是否能够参加詹妮的生日聚会还不确定。
2.It+be+名词(词组)+主语从句,这类名词有:
a fact,a pity,a shame,an honour,a question等,如:
It’s a pity that you missed the exciting football match.很可惜你错过了激动人心的足球比赛。
It remains a question whether he will come or not.他是否会来还是个问题。
3.It+be+过去分词+主语从句,这类过去分词有:
announced,believed,expected,hoped,decided,reported,said,shown等,如:
It is reported that 16 people were killed in the earthquake.据报道,16人在地震中丧生。
It is not decided who will give the operation to the patient.谁给病人做手术还不确定。
4.It+不及物动词+主语从句,这类不及物动词有:appear,happen,seem等,如:
It seemed that he didn’t tell the truth.似乎他没有说实话。
It happened that I was out when he called.碰巧他打电话时我出去了。
Ⅳ.主语从句的注意事项
1.从句的语序用陈述语序
What you need is more practice.你需要的是更多的练习。
2.主谓一致
(1)从句作主语时,主句的谓语一般用单数形式,但what和who引导主语从句时,有时主句谓语的数与主句中作表语的名词的单复数保持一致。
What they need are books.他们需要的是书。
What they need is love.他们需要的是关爱。
(2)如果由and连接两个或两个以上的主语从句作主语时,主句的谓语动词用复数;由两个或两个以上的连接词引导一个主语从句时主句的谓语动词用单数。
When they will start and where they will go have not been decided yet.
他们将在什么时间动身以及要去哪里还没有定下来。
When and where the meeting will be held has not been decided.
会议将在什么时间以及在哪里举行还没有确定。
【自学效果检测】
找出主语从句的引导词,并分析引导词在从句中充当什么成分。
1.What it was to become was uncertain until between 4.5 and 3.8 billion years ago when the dust settled into a solid globe.
2.Who will go makes no difference.
3.It was not immediately obvious that water was to be fundamental to the development of life.
4.Whether life will continue on the earth for millions of years to come will depend on whether this problem can be solved.
5.Where the English evening will be held has not yet been decided.
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课后提升
挑战一 小试牛刀
1.It is likely he is the winner of this game.很可能他是这场游戏的胜利者。
2. we will build a new high school hasn’t been decided.
我们是否要建新高中还没决定呢。
3. breaks the law should be punished.不管谁违法都应该受到惩罚。
4. he was born is unknown.他生于何时还不知道。
5. (你刚才告诉我的) was really a surprise.
6. (我们如何去那里) is a question.
7. (他为什么哭) is not clear.
挑战二 典题在线
1. the delayed flight will take off depends much on the weather.
A.Why B.When C.That D.What
2.I think impresses me about his painting is the colours he uses.
A.what B.that C.which D.who
3.Exactly the potato was introduced to Europe is uncertain,but it was probably around 1565.
A.whether B.why C.when D.how
4.Some people believe has happened before or is happening now will repeat itself in the future.
A.whatever B.whenever C.wherever D.however
5. makes the book so extraordinary is the creative imagination of the writer.
A.That B.What C.Who D.Which
6. one of you breaks the window will have to pay for it.
A.Whoever B.Whatever C.Whichever D.Wherever
7.It remains to be seen the newly formed committee’s policy can be put into practice.
A.that B.which C.what D.whether
8. you said at the meeting describes a bright future for the company.
A.When B.How C.What D.That
9.The limits of a person’s intelligence,generally speaking,are fixed at birth,but he reaches these limits will depend on his environment.
A.where B.whether C.that D.why
10.It suddenly occurred to him he had left his keys in the office.
A.whether B.where C.which D.that
课后作业
1.Master what we have learned today.
2.Tidy the mistakes in the paper.
参考答案
学习过程
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【归纳总结】
that,whether,if等;不作;what,whatever,who,whoever,whom,whomever,whose,which,whichever等;从句的主语、宾语、表语或定语等;when,where,how,why;从句的状语等
Ⅳ.【自学效果检测】
1.what引导主语从句,在从句中作表语,意思是“什么”。
2.who引导主语从句,在从句中作主语,意思是“谁”。
3.it作形式主语,真正的主语是that引导的主语从句,that在从句中不作句子成分,没有任何实际意思,只起引导词的作用。
4.whether引导主语从句,在从句中不作任何句子成分,意思是“是否”。
5.where引导主语从句,在句中作地点状语,意思是“哪里”。
课后提升
挑战一
1.that 2.Whether 3.Whoever 4.When
5.What you told me just now
6.How we will go there
7.Why he cries
挑战二
1.B 2.A 3.C 4.A 5.B 6.C 7.D 8.C 9.B 10.D
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