Unit 5 Nelson Mandela — a modern hero
[写得准]
[用得活]
[积得多]
1.quality n． 质量；品质；性质
2.generous adj. 慷慨的；大方的
3.principle n. 法则；原则；原理
4.guidance n. 指导；领导
5.vote vt.&vi. 投票；选举
n. 投票；选票；表决
6.attack vt. 进攻；攻击；抨击
7.escape vi.&vt. 逃脱；逃走；避开
8.active adj.积极的；活跃的→actively adv.积极地；活跃地→activity n．活动
9.devote vt.献身；专心于→devoted adj.忠实的；深爱的→devotion n．献身；奉献；忠诚
10.peaceful adj.和平的；平静的；安宁的→peacefully adv.和平地；平静地；安宁地→peace n．和平；平静；和睦
11.legal adj.法律的；依照法律的→illegal (反义词)非法的；违法的
12.violence n．暴力；暴行→violent adj.暴力的；猛烈的→violently adv.猛烈地；厉害地；强烈地
13.equal adj.相等的；平等的→equality n．平等；相等→equally adv.同样地；相等地；公平地
14.educate vt.教育；训练→educated adj.受过教育的；有教养的→education n．教育→educator n．教育工作者；教育家
15.self n．自我；自身→selfish adj.自私的→selfless adj
用所给词的适当形式填空
1.People who are well educated will be respected by everyone, so education is of great significance to us.(educate)
2.It is unfair that he gets very little reward for his rewarding work.(reward)
3.You should take an active part in all the activities in your school.(active)
4.Everyone likes to live in peace,_but it seems that the world is always not peaceful.(peace)
5.The old teacher devoted all his life to educating his devoted students and he was admired for his devotion to his education cause.(devote)
6.All men are born equal,_so everyone hopes to be treated equally because equality is the basic demand.(equal)
7.He criticized violently that the
1.表示“人物特点”的形容词全扫描
①generous 慷慨的
②mean 吝啬的
③devoted 忠实的
④easygoing 随和的
⑤warmhearted 热心肠的
⑥active积极的；活跃的
⑦energetic 有活力的
⑧enthusiastic 充满热情的
2.后缀ance高频名词全接触
①guidance 指导；领导
②importance 重要；重要性
③ignorance 无知；愚昧
④significance 意义；重要性
⑤appearance 出现
⑥tolerance 宽容；容忍
3.“n.＋ful→adj.”荟萃
①peace→peaceful 和平的
②pain→painful 痛苦的
③harm→harmful 有害的
④power→powerful 强大的
⑤meaning→meaningful 有意义的
⑥cheer→cheerful 欢乐的
4.“教育”相关词汇一览
①educate vt. 教育；训练
②train vt. 训练
③instruct vt. 指导
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.无私的；忘我的→selflessly adv.无私地；忘我地
16.reward n．报酬；奖金vt.酬劳；奖赏→rewarding adj.值得的；有益的；有回报的
government did little to stop the violence in the country.(violent)
8.We know from the daily legal report that the former president had something to do with the illegal organization and was put to prison.(legal)
④drill vi. 训练
⑤bring up 培养
[写得准]
[用得活]
[积得多]
1.out_of_work 失业
2.as_a_matter_of_fact 事实上
3.blow_up 使充气；爆炸
4.in_trouble 在危险、受罚、痛苦、忧虑等的处境中
5.turn_to 求助于；致力于
6.lose_heart 丧失勇气或信心
7.come_to_power 当权；上台
8.set_up 设立；建立
9.be_sentenced_to 被判处……(徒刑)
10.be_willing_to_do 愿意做某事
11.be_in_prison 蹲监狱
12.in_one’s_opinion/view 在某人看来
选用左栏短语填空
1.Mandela was_sentenced_to five years’ hard labour for encouraging violence against the government.
2.He set_up his own business after he graduated from university.
3.(2015·广东高考写作)According to the above passage, we know when Sally found there were so many problems among her new students, she didn’t lose_heart.
4.With nobody to turn_to,_she found herself in a desperate situation then.
1.“out of ＋n.”短语集锦
①out of work 失业
②out of control 失控
③out of mind 心不在焉
④out of order 有毛病；出故障
⑤out of date 过时
⑥out of place 不适当
2.“in＋n.”短语面面观
①in trouble 在困境中
②in danger 处于危险中
③in return 作为回报
④in detail 详细地
⑤in order 井然有序
⑥in place 在适当的位置
⑦in vain 徒劳地
⑧in conclusion 总之
[背原句]
[记句式]
[会仿用]
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1.The last thirty years have seen the greatest number of laws stopping our rights and progress, until today we have reached a stage where we have almost no rights at all.
过去30年来所出现的大量法律剥夺了我们的权利，阻挡了我们的进步，一直到今天，我们还处在几乎什么权利都没有的阶段。
(1)主语是时间或地点名词，谓语是see, find等动词，表示经历或目睹了某事。
(2)where引导定语从句修饰stage。
①北京城在过去的八年里发生了巨大的变化。
The city of Beijing in China has_seen_great_changes in the past eight years.
②我们到了这样一个阶段：为了挽救我们自己我们必须开始采取有效措施来保护环境。
We_have_reached_a_stage_where we must start taking effective measures to protect the environment so as to save ourselves.
2.Only then did we decide to answer violence with violence.
只有到这个时候，我们才决定用暴力反抗暴力。
only修饰状语放在句首，句子用部分倒装。
直到莉莉走进办公室时，她才意识到她把合同落在家里了。(2015·天津高考单选)
Only when Lily walked into the office did_she_realize that she had left the contract at home.
3.I felt bad the first time I talked to a group.
第一次给旅行团作讲解时，我的心情很不好。
the first time “第一次……”，引导时间状语从句。
第一次比赛失败，我们都感到很沮丧，因为我们都全身心地为此做了充分准备。(2013·湖南高考书面表达)
The_first_time_we_lost_the_match,_we all felt very depressed, because we had all been devoted to making full preparations for it.
1．devote vt.献身；专心于
[高考佳句] He has devoted most of his life to bringing up two generations.(2014·新课标全国卷Ⅱ满分作文)
他把一生中的大部分时间用于抚养两代人。
(1)devote ... to ... 把……奉献于……
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devote oneself to 献身于……；致力于……
(2)devoted adj. 忠实的；深爱的
be devoted to (doing) sth. 专心于……；奉献于……
(3)devotion n. 关爱；关照；奉献；忠诚
①Before the exam, I devoted myself to preparing (prepare) for it.(2014·四川高考书面表达)
考试之前，我努力做好准备。
②Devoting (devote) herself to teaching the deaf children, the young lady has little time to care for her own daughter.
＝Devoted (devote) to teaching the deaf children, the young lady has little time to care for her own daughter.
一心投入到教育失聪儿童，这位年轻女士很少有时间照顾她自己的女儿。
③From my first job at the restaurant, I learned teamwork and devotion (devote)．(2012·湖南高考书面表达)
从我在餐馆的第一份工作中，我学会了合作与奉献。
[联想发散] 以下短语中to是介词，不是不定式符号，后接动词时应用动名词形式。
①look forward to doing sth. 盼望做某事
②object to doing sth. 反对做某事
③get down to doing sth. 开始做某事
④pay attention to doing sth. 注意做某事
⑤be/get used/accustomed to doing sth. 习惯于做某事
2．equal adj.相等的；平等的；同等的；胜任的vt.等于；抵得上n.同等的人；相等物
[教材原句] I knew it would help us achieve our dream of making black and white people equal.
我知道那将帮助我们实现使黑人和白人平等的梦想。
[一词多义] 写出下列句中equal的含义
①Little joy can equal that of a surprising ending when you read stories.等于；抵得上
②Any man will be equal to the task, so long as he is careful. You should give it a try.胜任的
③Such behavior is, to my mind, without equal all over the world.相等物
④We need to be active in all kinds of sports, and pay attention to mental health which is equal to physical health.(2014·江西高考满分作文)同等的
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(1)be equal to sth./doing sth. 等于/胜任(做)某事
without equal 无与伦比
(2)equality n. 平等
equally adv. 相等地；同等地；均等地；同样地
⑤Men and women must be treated equally (equal) in education and employment.
在教育和就业方面男女必须得到平等的对待。
[联想发散] 表示“胜任……”的其他常见表达：
①be up to ②be fit for ③be qualified for
3．escape v．& n．逃脱；逃生；泄露；被遗忘
[教材原句] It was a prison from which no one escaped.
那是个无人逃走过的监狱。
(1)escape (doing) sth. 逃避(做)某事
escape from 从……逃脱；逃避
(2)fire escape 太平梯；安全梯；安全出口
a narrow escape 九死一生；死里逃生
①Compared with the escaped (escape) driver, I am proud of what I did.(2014·湖北高考短文写作)
和逃逸的司机相比，我为我所做的事情而自豪。
②It is said that he narrowly escaped being_killed (kill) in the traffic accident the other day.
据说前些天他在那场交通事故里死里逃生。
③Last year I had_a_narrow_escape,_and I don’t want to risk my life a second time.
去年我死里逃生，因此我不想再去冒生命危险了。
[熟词生义] 写出加黑单词在语境中的含义
④Bob looked back only to find an old classmate whose name escaped him for the moment.被遗忘
4．reward n．& vt.报酬；奖金；酬劳；奖赏
[教材原句] They said that the job and the pay from the new South African government were my reward after working all my life for equal rights for the Blacks.
他们说来自新南非政府的那份工作和薪水是对我一生为黑人的平等权利而奋斗的回报。
(1)as a reward (for ...) 作为(对……的)报酬/奖赏
in reward for 为酬谢……；作为……的奖励
(2)reward sb. for sth. 因某事而奖赏某人
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reward sb. with sth. 用某物回报某人
(3)rewarding adj. 值得做的；有益的；有意义的
①I’d like to do something in_reward_for_her_kindness.
我想做点什么来报答她的好意。
②She started singing to the baby and was_rewarded (reward) with a smile.
她开始给孩子唱歌，孩子则报以微笑。
③When asked for his views about his teaching job, Philip said he found it very interesting and rewarding (reward)．
当被问到他对他的教书工作的看法时，菲利普说他觉得它非常有趣和有意义。
[辨析比较] reward, award
试一试 选用上述单词填空
④After being awarded the first prize, he expressed that he would continue to reward the people and the society with his hard work.
在被授予一等奖之后，他表示会继续以他的努力来回报人们和社会。
辨一辨
reward
n.报酬；奖金或一些非金钱的报酬
v.给予报酬，指因对方的工作、服务、帮助而给予的报酬或奖赏
award
n.奖品；奖金
v.授予；颁发，常用结构：award sb. sth.＝ award sth. to sb.
Ⅰ.基础点全练
单句语法填空/补全句子
1．Whoever breaks the law won’t escape being_punished (punish)．
2．The people who work here are well educated (educate) and openminded.
3．There is a newspaper article attacking (attack) the Prime Minister.
4．The violence (violent) and bad language in the program shocked many of the viewers.
5．With the speeches finished, we voted to_choose (choose) the monitor.
6．We like to deal with that company for their products are of high quality.
7．It_was_generous_of_her (她很大方) to contribute such a large sum of money.
8．I send him a book in_reward_for (为酬谢) his timely help.
Ⅱ.重难点多练
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1．devote多棱镜
(1)单句语法填空
①Mr Reed made up his mind to devote all he had to setting (set) up some schools for poor children.
②The dog had such devotion (devote) to its master that it would not leave him, even when he was dead.
③Her son, to whom she is so devoted, went abroad last year, leaving her alone in the small village.
(2)句型转换
④He devoted himself to community activities and was praised by the people around.
→Devoting himself to community activities, he was praised by the people around.
→Devoted to community activities, he was praised by the people around.
2．equal面面观
(1)用所给词的适当形式填空
①I don’t think he is equal to doing (do) this kind of work, so I can’t hire him.
②(2012·福建高考单选)Anyone, whether he is an official or a bus driver, should be equally (equal) respected.
(2)一句多译
在我看来，他胜任这项工作。
③In my opinion, he is_equal/up_to the job.
④In my view, he is_fit/qualified_for the job.
Ⅲ.阅读词汇专练
根据语境选出mean的词性和词义
(A)adj.自私的；吝啬的 (B)adj.卑鄙的
(C)vt.意欲；打算 (D)vt.意味着
①Missing the bus means waiting for another hour.__D__
②—Why haven’t you bought any butter?
—I had meant to, but I forgot about it.__C__
③As far as I know, he is mean with his money.__A__
④It is mean to speak ill of others.__B__
1．in trouble有麻烦；处于困难中
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[教材原句] Elias went to see Nelson Mandela when he was in trouble.
伊莱亚斯在有麻烦时去见纳尔逊·曼德拉。
get into trouble 陷入困境；惹麻烦
have trouble in doing sth./with sth. 做某事有困难/麻烦
take the trouble to do sth. 不怕费事或困难尽力做某事
①It was when we were returning home that I realized what a good feeling it was to have helped someone in_trouble.(2015·湖南高考单选)
是我们快要回家的时候，我才意识到了帮助有困难的人感觉多么美妙！
②Please don’t hesitate to turn to us for help whenever you have trouble with your study.
不论什么时候学习遇到困难，请马上找我们帮忙。
③We often have trouble in using (use) neutral pens because of its limited ink and other inconvenience.(2014·湖南高考书面表达)
因为中性笔的墨水有限以及其他的不便，我们常常在使用时遇到麻烦。
[写作联想] 例句②的其他表达方式
①Please don’t hesitate to turn to us for help whenever you have problems with your study.
②No matter when you have trouble in studying, please don’t hesitate to ask for our help.
2．turn to求助于；翻到(书的某页)；致力于；开始从事；查阅；转向
[教材原句] Why did Nelson Mandela turn to violence to make black and white people equal?
为什么纳尔逊·曼德拉使用暴力以使黑人和白人平等呢？
[一词多义] 写出下列句中turn to的含义
①However, when it is something beyond my competence, I turn to my classmates or teachers for help.求助于
②After he left university he became a teacher, but later turned to journalism.开始从事
③You shouldn’t always turn to the dictionary when you meet new words in reading.查阅
④Please turn to page 40.翻到
turn down 关小；拒绝
turn away 拒绝……入内；把……打发走
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turn up 出现；露面；调大
turn out 证明是；结果是；赶走；生产
turn over 打翻；翻身；移交
⑤Tom had to turn_down the invitation to the party last weekend because he was too busy.(2015·天津高考单选)
上个周末，汤姆不得不拒绝参加聚会的邀请，因为他太忙了。
⑥Though it looked like rain this morning, it has turned_out_(to_be)__a_fine_day.
尽管今早看起来要下雨，但结果却是一个好天。
3．lose heart丧失勇气或信心；灰心；泄气
[教材原句] The scientist from whom we heard the good news never lost heart when he was in trouble.
我们从其口中获得好消息的科学家遇到困难时从不灰心。
(1)put one’s heart into 一心扑在……上
learn sth. by heart 背诵；记牢……
strike ... into one’s heart 使……刻骨铭心
(2)heart and soul 全心全意地
from the bottom of sb.’s heart 从某人的心底
①Though beaten by the opposite team, they didn’t lose_heart.
虽然被对方球队击败，但他们没有丧失信心。
②As a matter of fact, nothing is too difficult if you put_your_heart_into it.
事实上，世上无难事，只怕有心人。
③Thank you from_the_bottom_of_my_heart for your generous donations.
我从心底感谢你的慷慨解囊。
4．Only_then_did_we decide to answer violence with violence.
只有到这个时候，我们才决定用暴力反抗暴力。
only放在句首修饰状语(通常是副词、介词短语或状语从句等)时，句子需要部分倒装。
①Only by understanding and learning from each other can_we_spend those days together happily. (2014·天津高考书面表达)
只有通过相互理解彼此学习我们才能一起开心地度过那些美好的日子。
②Only when we match our words with actions can we make a difference in whatever we hope to accomplish.(2013·江苏高考书面表达)
只有我们言行一致才能对所做的事情有所贡献。
[名师指津] only 放在句首修饰主语时不用倒装。
③Only those who accept this reality can_lead a really full life.
只有那些接受这个现实的人才能过上真正丰富的生活。
5．I felt bad the_first_time I talked to a group.
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第一次给旅行团作讲解时，我的心情很不好。
句中的the first time用作连词，用来引导时间状语从句，意为“第一次……”。
①The_first_time I interviewed him, he looked a bit nervous.
我第一次采访他时，他看起来有点紧张。
引导时间状语从句的名词短语和副词还有：
(1)each/every time 每次……的时候
next time 下次……时
any time 任何时候
last time 上次……时
by the time 到……为止
②Be careful! The machine starts the moment you press the button.(2011·湖北高考完成句子)
小心点！你一按电钮机器就运转。
③Every/Each_time_I_see_the_old_man in the park, he is absorbed in reading newspapers.
每次我在公园里看到这位老人时，他都在专注地读报。
[名师指津] for the first time只用作句子的状语，不具有连词功能，不可用来引导状语从句。
④He became interested in the young teacher’s lesson the_first_time he attended his class.He was so excited in class for_the_first_time.
他第一次上课时就对这位年轻老师的课感兴趣。他第一次上课这么兴奋。
6．The_last_thirty_years_have_seen the greatest number of laws stopping our rights and progress, until today we have reached a stage where we have almost no rights at all.
过去30年来所出现的大量法律剥夺我们的权利，阻挡我们的进步，一直到今天，我们还处在几乎什么权利都没有的阶段。
see, find, witness等一些动词，可以用地点或时间名词作主语，表示某地或某时“经历、发生、目睹”了某事。该句是一个无生命的名词作主语的句式。
①National Day saw (see) people singing and dancing happily in the street.They were all very cheerful.
国庆节人们在大街上高兴地又唱又跳。他们都兴高采烈。
②The last thirty years have_witnessed (witness) a large number of laws guaranteeing us our rights.
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过去的三十年里制定了大量保障我们权利的法律。
③The old temple has_seen (see) great changes of the village in the past two hundred years.
这座古庙见证了过去二百年里这个村庄的巨大变迁。
Ⅰ.基础点全练
1．单句语法填空/补全句子
①You can’t imagine the trouble I had persuading (persuade) him to change his mind.
②In time we reached a stage where we had more young readers than old ones.
③With economy developing at great speed, our city has_witnessed (witness) quite a few changes in recent years.
④(2014·重庆高考写作)As is known to us all, when we_are_in_trouble (我们有困难), it is not our phones but our friends that can really help us out.
⑤The_first_time (第一次) they visited the Science Museum, they showed great interest in everything they saw.
⑥Encouraged by his friends, Jack didn’t_lose_heart (没有丧失信心) and kept on trying it.
2．运用所学短语完成下列语段
The situation has become worse and worse since the new government ①came_to_power (上台；执政). I am ②out_of_work (失业), I don’t know whom to ③turn_to (求助于). I thought of my headteacher one day, who always encouraged us not to ④lose_heart (失去信心) and be hopeful about the future when we were ⑤in_trouble (处境困难)．
Ⅱ.重难点多练
1．turn短语面面观
选词填空
①(2014·浙江高考单选)How could you turn_down such a fantastic job when you have been out of work for months?
②To our disappointment, it turned_out that the button didn’t work any more.
③Everything begins hard.Don’t hesitate to turn_to me if you are in difficulty.
④He turned down my suggestion and turned_over the business to his daughter.
⑤We arranged to meet at 7：30, but she never turned_up.
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2．only引起的倒装句全扫描
句型转换(每空一词)
①I realized knowledge is valuable only when I had another failure in my jobseeking.
→Only when I had another failure in my jobseeking did I realize knowledge is valuable.
→It was only when I had another failure in my jobseeking that I realized knowledge is valuable.
②The children can grow up mentally and physically healthy only in this way.
→Only in this way can the children grow up mentally and physically healthy.
Ⅰ.单句语法填空
1．(2015·浙江高考书面表达)Good opinions (opinion) are worth sticking to because they can benefit us all.
2．Elias was arrested by the police because he blew up the government buildings.
3．Today, we’ll discuss a number of cases where beginners of English fail to use the language properly.
4．A notice was set up in order to remind the students of the changed lecture time.
5．The company rewarded him for his years of service with a grand party and several presents.
6．We’re amazed at the amazing news that she was_sentenced (sentence) to death.
7．Thanks for your support and guidance (guide) in this job.
8．In the last ten years the small town has_seen (see) the great changes of our country.
9．Since we can’t reach any agreement, now we vote on the problem.
10．Although he made a serious mistake in his work, he was lucky to escape being_fired (fire) by his boss.
Ⅱ.单句改错
1．Only with the greatest of luck did she manage to escape the rising flood waters.escape后加from
2．The time he has devoted to help the disabled is now considered to be of great value.help→helping
3．I will never forget the day on that we went to buy guitars in the guitar
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store.that→which
4．He often lent me a hand when I was in trouble, to which I was grateful.to→for
5．As far as I know, he has been out of the work for several months.去掉the
6．The boy lost his heart when he knew he failed the exam again.去掉his
7．I fell in love with the city for the first time I visited it.去掉for
8．Hopeful, I’ll be able to stay at home for three weeks this time.Hopeful→Hopefully
Ⅲ.用本单元所学知识完成下列写作训练
(一)依据提示补全短文
①Great changes in science have taken place in the past fifty years. The_first_time(第一次) I heard of Stephen Hawking, I was moved by his_devotion_to (他对……的奉献精神) the research.He applied himself to the scientific world. As for his daily life, he is in_great_trouble (有很大麻烦)．②It is possible for him to speak, read and write only when he turns_to (求助于) the computer.However (however/therefore), his contributions to the world have_no_equal (无与伦比)．And in my opinion, nothing could be in return for his contributions to science.
(二)按要求将词汇句式升级
1．用本单元高级词汇替换加黑单词或短语
(1)applied→devoted
(2)in return for→in_reward_for
2．按要求改写句式
(1)用see改写句①
The past fifty years saw/have_seen_great_changes in science.
(2)用倒装句改写句②
Only_when_he_turns_to_the_computer_is_it_possible_for_him_to_speak,_read_and_write.
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