Unit 4 Earthquakes
[写得准]
[用得活]
[积得多]
1.burst vi. 爆裂；爆发
n. 突然破裂；爆发
2.sincerely adv. 真诚地；真挚地
3.ruin n. 废墟；毁灭
vt. 毁灭；使破产
4.destroy vt. 破坏；毁坏；消灭
5.rescue n．& vt. 援救；营救
6.trap vt. 使陷入困境
n. 陷阱；困境
7.disaster n. 灾难；灾祸
8.shelter n. 掩蔽；掩蔽处；避身处
9.bury vt. 埋葬；掩埋；隐藏
10.damage n．& vt. 损失；损害
11.shock vt.& vi.(使)震惊；震动 n．休克；打击；震惊→shocking adj.令人震惊的→shocked adj.震惊的
12.express vt.表示；表达 n．快车；速递→expression n．表达；表情
13.extreme adj.极度的→extremely adv.极度地
14.judge n．裁判员；法官 vt.断定；判断；判决→judgement n．意见；判断力；审判
15.injure vt.损害；伤害→injury n．伤害；损害→injured adj
用所给词的适当形式填空
1.I’ve known him for years and I trust his judgement (judge)．
2.The news of the sudden death of the young famous pianist came this morning, which made his fans shocked (shock)．
3.Her family was extremely (extreme) poor and all she had was one pair of shoes.
4.After she heard the news, there was an excited expression (express) on her face.
5.Don’t forget to praise them sincerely (sincere) when someone does something good.
6.The girl was almost frightened to death when she saw the frightening scene.(frighten)
7.In the terrible crash of school bus, many children were injured,_and even some
1.“自然灾害”相关单词一览
①disaster n． 灾难；不幸
②earthquake n. 地震
③drought n. 旱灾；干旱
④eruption n. (火山)喷发
⑤hurricane n. 飓风
⑥tsunami n. 海啸
2.“破坏”家族
①damage n．& vt. 损失；损害
②destroy vt. 毁坏；毁掉
③ruin n．& vt. 毁灭；废墟
3.表示“程度”的副词集锦
①extremely 极度地
②entirely 完全地
③completely 完全地；彻底地
④perfectly 完美地
4.“ing/ed”结尾的形容词聚焦
①
②
③
④
⑤
⑥
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.受伤的
16.electricity n．电；电流；电学→electric adj.用电的；带电的→electrical adj.与电有关的；电学的
17.frighten vt.使惊吓；吓唬→frightened adj.受惊的；受恐吓的→frightening adj.令人恐惧的
18.congratulation n．祝贺；(复数)贺词→congratulate vt.祝贺
suffered severe injuries to the head and arms. The injured were rushed to the nearest hospital.(injure)
8.The headmaster wrote a letter to congratulate her on her good performance and the exciting congratulations encouraged her greatly.(congratulate)
[写得准]
[用得活]
[积得多]
1.right_away 立刻；马上
2.think_little/nothing_of 以为……没什么了不起
3.at_an_end 结束；终结
4.in_ruins 严重受损；破败不堪
5.dig_out 掘出；发现
6.a_(great)_number_of 许多；大量的
7.be_proud_of 以……而自豪
8.judging_from 从……判断
9.be_trapped_in 陷入
10.be_buried_in 埋头于
选用左栏短语填空
1.Judging_from his happy look on the face, he must have passed the exam this time.
2.We were shocked at the news that a_(great)_number_of firefighters were killed in the explosion in Tianjin.
3.I must warn you that my patience is almost at_an_end.
4.I was_trapped_in the heavy rain on the way to school yesterday.
5.When I came in, he was_buried_in playing computer games in his study.
1.表示“立刻；马上”的词语荟萃
①right away ②right now
③at once ④in no time
⑤immediately
2.“埋头于；专心于”的多种表达
①be buried in
②be occupied in
③be absorbed in
④be engaged in
⑤be devoted to
⑥concentrate on
⑦apply oneself to
⑧put one’s heart into
⑨fix/focus one’s attention on
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[背原句]
[记句式]
[会仿用]
1.In the farmyards, the chickens and even the pigs were too nervous to eat.
在农家大院里，鸡，甚至连猪都紧张得不想吃食。
too ...to ... 意为“太……而不能……”，表示否定意义。
我们本打算旅游两天，但是太忙了，抽不出时间。
We had intended to take a twoday trip，but we were_too_busy_to_
afford it.
2.It seemed as if the world was at an end！
好像世界末日到了！
as if “好像”。后常接表语从句或方式状语从句，若表示非真实情况常用虚拟语气。
我童年的一切仿佛刚刚发生一样。
It seemed as if everything in my childhood had_just_happened.
3.All hope was not lost.
不是所有的希望都破灭了。
本句是部分否定。All ...not ...＝Not all ...“并不是所有的……都……”。
并非所有的肢体语言在不同的国家里都有相同的意思，例如点头。
Not_all_body_language_means/All_body_language_doesn’t_mean the same thing in different countries, such as nodding.
1．burst (burst, burst) vi.爆裂；爆发 n．突然破裂；爆发
[教材原句] In the city, the water pipes in some buildings cracked and burst.
在市内，有些建筑物里的水管爆裂开来。
(1)burst in/into 闯入；突然破门而入
突然哭起来/笑起来
burst with anger 勃然大怒
(3)a burst of 一阵……
①She burst out crying (cry) for a while, and burst into laughter (laugh) for another moment, which left us at a loss.
她一会儿突然哭起来，一会儿又突然笑起来，这使我们一头雾水。
②He burst_into_the_room without knocking at the door，which made me very angry.
他没敲门就闯进房间，这使我非常生气。
2．ruin n．[U]毁灭；毁坏；崩溃；[常用复数]废墟；遗迹 vt.(使)毁坏；成为废墟
[教材原句] In fifteen terrible seconds a large city lay in ruins.
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在可怕的15秒内，一座大城市就成为一片废墟。
(1)lie/be in ruins 成为废墟
fall into ruin 毁灭；灭亡；崩溃
be reduced to ruins 沦为废墟
(2)ruin oneself 毁掉自己；自取灭亡
ruin one’s health/fame/future/pleasure
毁坏某人的健康/声誉/前途/好心情
①A large number of companies and buildings were in ruins (ruin) after the explosion on August 12, 2015.
许多公司和建筑物在2015年8月12日的爆炸后成为一片废墟。
②If you’re addicted to computer games, you’ll ruin yourself (you).
玩电脑游戏成瘾，你会毁了自己。
3．injure vt.损害；伤害
[教材原句] Twothirds of them died or were injured during the earthquake.
他们中有2/3在地震中伤亡。
(1)injured adj. 受伤的
the injured 伤员
(2)injury n. 伤；伤口；伤害
do sb.an injury/do an injury to sb.
伤害某人
①But now, because my left foot was_injured (injure) in the football game, I cannot go with you as planned.(2014·北京高考书面表达)
但现在，由于我的左脚在足球比赛中受伤了，我不能像计划的那样和你一起去。
②When we reached the scene of the accident, we were told that the injured (injure) had been sent to the nearest hospital.
当我们到达事故现场时，我们被告知伤员已经被送往最近的医院。
③Dog owners should be responsible if their pets do an injury (injure) to other people or cause damage to their property.
如果宠物伤害他人或损害他人的财产，狗的主人应该对此负责。
4．bury vt.掩埋；埋葬；使专心；使沉浸；隐藏
[教材原句] The army organized teams to dig out those who were trapped and to bury the dead.
解放军组成小分队，将受困的人们挖出来，将死者埋葬。
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埋头于；专心于
(2)bury one’s face in one’s hands 双手掩面
①Ever since he moved there, he has_buried (bury) himself in his research work.
＝Ever since he moved there, he has_been_buried (bury) in his research work.
自从搬到那里以后，他一直专注于研究工作。
②Buried (bury) in his study, he wasn’t aware that all the others had left.
他专心学习，没有意识到其他人都早已离开了。
5．judge n．裁判员；法官 vt.断定；判断；判决
[教材原句] Your speech was heard by a group of five judges, all of whom agreed that it was the best one this year.
五个裁判听了你的演讲，他们都同意这是今年最好的。
(1)judge ...from/by ... 从……来判断
judge between right and wrong
判断是非
as far as I can judge 据我判断；我认为
(2)judging by/from 从……上看；根据……判断
①If he had played a part in the film, he would have_been_judged (judge) to be the best actor this year.
如果他当时出演了那部电影的话，他就会被评定为今年的最佳男演员了。
②Judging (judge) from the above story, we can draw the conclusion that we don’t judge a book by/from its cover.
从上面的故事判断，我们可以得出这样的结论：我们不要以貌取人。
[名师指津] judging from/by表示“从……来看；根据……来判断”，用在句首时为一个独立成分，不受句子主语和时态的影响。
Ⅰ.基础点全练
1．单句语法填空/补全句子
①It’s a wonder that the worker trapped (trap) underground for a week was found alive.
②We sent our congratulations (congratulate) to her when she passed the exam.
③(2013·江苏高考单选改编)Shortly after suffering from a massive earthquake and being reduced to ruins (ruin), the city took on a new look.
④What the newspaper reported did a great injury to her fame.
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⑤All my students were shocked (shock) at hearing the news that Bill devoted all his money to charity.
⑥As_far_as_I_can_judge (据我判断), it is you rather than he are to blame for the accident.
2．一句多译
听到这，全班同学大笑起来，我同桌的脸变红了。
①Hearing this, the whole class burst_into_laughter and my deskmate’s face turned red.
②Hearing this, the whole class burst_out_laughing and my deskmate’s face turned red.
Ⅱ.重难点多练
bury面面观
(1)用bury的适当形式填空
①He stood on the sidewalk with his hands buried (bury) in the pockets of his dark overcoat.
②He sank down on the ground, burying (bury) his face in his hands.
(2)一句多译
由于他埋头于书本，所以不知道外面下雨了。
③Because he buried_himself_in_ his books, he didn’t know it was raining outside.
④Because he was_buried_in his books, he didn’t know it was raining outside.
⑤Burying_himself_in his books, he didn’t know it was raining outside.
⑥Buried_in his books, he didn’t know it was raining outside.
Ⅲ.阅读词汇专练
根据语境选出shock的词性和词义
(A)n.令人震惊的事 (B)n.休克
(C)vt.使触电 (D)vt.使震惊
1．Anyone touching that wire could get badly shocked.__C__
2．It shocked me to see how my neighbours treated their children.__D__
3．Several of those who survived the accident have been taken to hospital in a state of shock.__B__
4．It was such a shock when they announced the winner was Cart.__A__
1．at an end结束；终结
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[经典例句] The long hot summer was at last at an end.(朗文P327)
漫长的酷暑终于过去了。
(1)at the end of 在……尽头；在……末端
by the end of 到……结束时；到……时候为止
(常与完成时态连用)
in the end 最后；终于
使……结束
come to an end 完成；结束
(3)make (both) ends meet 使收支相抵；量入为出
(4)end up with 以……结束
end up doing 最终在做某事
①Go straight and you’ll find the hospital at_the_end_of_the_road.
一直往前走，你会在这条路的尽头找到这家医院。
②The meeting came to an end and he set down many key points.
会议结束了，他记录了很多要点。
③At first he refused to accept any responsibility but he ended up apologizing (apologize)．
最初他拒不承认有任何责任，到头来还是道了歉。
2．a (great) number of许多；大量的
[教材原句] Such a great number of people died because the quake happened while they were sleeping.
造成如此多的人员死亡是因为地震发生时人们正在睡觉。
＋可数名词复数＋复数谓语
(2)the number of＋可数名词复数＋单数谓语
＋不可数名词
＋
①Now a great number of college graduates are (be) seeking to get a highpaid job. But the number of posts available for them is (be) often not enough.
如今很多大学毕业生努力想找一份待遇好的工作，但适合他们的岗位的数量却经常不足。
②A great deal of money was_donated (donate) to a university by an ordinary worker, which aroused public attention.(2014·广东高考写作)
一位普通的工人向一所大学捐赠了大量的金钱，这引起了公众的关注。
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③With more and more forests cut down, large quantities of soil are_being_washed (wash) away.
由于越来越多的森林被砍伐，大量的土壤正被冲走。
[名师指津] “large quantities/amounts of＋n.”作主语时谓语动词用复数，而“a large quantity/amount of＋n.”作主语时谓语动词用单数。
3．It seemed as_if the world was at an end!
好像世界末日到了！
It seemed (to sb.) that/as if ...“(对某人来说)似乎……”。
(1)如果所引导的从句表示的情况是真实的或是极有可能发生的情况时，句子要用陈述语气。
(2)当说话人所陈述的是不真实的或极少可能发生或存在的情况时，从句用虚拟语气。
(3)如果as if引导的从句中的主语和主句的主语相同，且含有be动词，可省略从句主语和be动词，这样as if 后就只剩下名词、不定式、形容词(短语)、介词短语或分词。
①Hurry up! It looks as if the train is_going_to_move.
快点！看起来火车要开了。
②It was John who broke the window.Why are you talking to me as if I had_done (do) it？(2014·重庆高考单选)
是约翰打破的窗户，你为什么说我啊？就好像是我做的一样。
③When a pencil is partly put into water, it looks as if it were_broken (break)．
当把铅笔的一部分放进水里时，它看上去好像断了。
④He opened his mouth as if to_say (say) something.
他张开嘴好像要说什么。
4．All hope was not lost.
不是所有的希望都破灭了。
该句是表示部分否定的句型。all ...not ...＝ not all ...，意为“并非所有的……都……”。
①It’s impossible for all the applicants to get the jobs, because not all of them are fit for them.
＝It’s impossible for all the applicants to get the jobs, because all_of_them_aren’t_fit_for_them.
并非所有的求职者都能找到工作，因为并非所有人都胜任这些工作。
(1)英语中的all, both, each, every, everybody, everything, completely, always, whole, entirely 等具有总括意义的代词、形容词和副词与否定词not连用，无论not位置如何，均构成部分否定，表示“并非都”的意思。
(2)英语中的no, none, never, nobody, nothing, neither, no one, nowhere, no more, no longer, no way 等表否定意义的词(组)与肯定式谓语一起使用构成“全部否定”。
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②I agree with most of what you said, but I don’t agree_with_everything.
我同意你说的大部分内容，但我并非同意你讲的一切。
③Nothing in my life impressed me so deeply as my first visit to the Great Wall.
我的一生中，印象最深的就是第一次参观长城。
Ⅰ.基础点全练
1．单句语法填空
①Lily had to take a taxi because the box was too heavy to carry all the way home.
②The meeting was nearly at an end when I got to the meeting room.
③George is organized, easygoing, hardworking and intelligent.In a word, I can’t think too highly (high) of him.
④But fortunately, all the people took action right away and did their best to help them out of the disaster.
⑤Smell the flowers before you go to sleep, and you may just end up with sweet dreams.
2．句型转换
①You must be very careful when you do your homework.
→You can’t_be_too_careful when you do your homework.
②As a matter of fact, all the boys are not interested in playing football.
→As a matter of fact, not_all_of_the_boys_are_interested_in playing football.
3．运用所学短语完成下列语段
An explosion broke out at midnight. ①A_great_number_of (大量的) firefighters were sent to the scene ②right_away (立刻). The fire spread so quickly that the building ③lay_in_ruins (成为废墟) in no time. ④Judging_from (从……判断) the situation, many people ⑤were_trapped_in (被困在) the fire.The firefighters did all they could to put out the fire and tried to carry the trapped people out.
Ⅱ.重难点多练
1．a number of相关短语多棱镜
(1)用所给词的适当形式填空
①In the past ten years a number of high buildings have_arisen (arise) where there was nothing but ruins.
②Large amounts of money are_spent (spend) on advertisements every year.
③Large quantities of water have_been_piped (pipe) to the dry area since last
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year.
④As you can see, the number of cars on our roads keeps (keep) rising these days.
(2)高考小作文
⑤随着学习英语的人越来越多，在汉语的上下文里理解英语并不是很困难。(2014·江苏高考书面表达)
With_the_number_of_English_learners_on_the_rise,_it’s not difficult for them to understand these words in Chinese contexts.
2．as if面面观
(1)用所给词的适当形式填空
①Jack wasn’t saying anything, but the teacher smiled at him as if he had_done (do) something very clever.
②School started, but I felt more and more as if I were (be) in a foreign country now.
③She walked here and there on the playground as if looking (look) for something.
(2)句型转换(每空一词)
④The old man was lying on the ground as if he was hurt badly.
→The old man was lying on the ground as if hurt badly.
Ⅰ.单句语法填空
1．It was an extremely (extreme) difficult and dangerous task.
2．Trapped (trap) in the ruins, the girl still wore a smile, waiting to be rescued.
3．What you said in the class meeting yesterday was indeed an injury to the girl’s pride.
4．With time going on, the castle which once was very beautiful is now completely in ruins (ruin)．
5．Nothing in the world is difficult for one who sets his mind into it.
6．On arriving there, we expressed our congratulations (congratulate) to him on his success.
7．The mother, along with her two children, was_rescued (rescue) from the sinking boat by a passing ship.
8．It’s a great honour for me to be invited to make a speech here.
9．My daughter, whose job requires her to do a lot of travelling, is always away
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from home a lot.
10．Anyone who upgrades their professional knowledge to a new level can apply for these courses.
Ⅱ.单句改错
1．Judged from what he said just now, he must be an honest man.Judged→Judging
2．He was on the point of starting out while Harran cut in.
while→when
3．Following the girl, we went into a hall, on which walls hung a few pictures of some famous scientists.
which→whose
4．It was far from Beijing, where was more than 200 kilometers away.where→which
5．The girl was sitting on the bench in the park, buried her head in the novel.buried→burying
6．I gave him some advice, and luckily he thought high of it.
high→highly
7．The little girl was so frightening that she burst out crying.
frightening→frightened
8．As China develops fast and steady, a number of foreigners is learning Chinese as a second language.is→are
Ⅲ.用本单元所学知识完成下列写作训练
(一)依据提示补全短文
On August 3rd, 2014, a very powerful earthquake struck Ludian, Yunnan Province. The whole nation was very surprised at the news.What frightening scenes! In a few seconds, the whole town lay_in_ruins (成为一片废墟). It_seemed_as_if_the_world_was_at_an
_end (好像世界末日到了)! A_great_number_of (大量的) houses fell down. Water and electricity were cut off. Many people were_buried (被掩埋) under the ruins! ①Judging_from (从……来判断) the situation, there were a number of trapped_people (被困人员) waiting for the rescue. ②Fortunately, not all the people gave up hope. They took action right_away (立刻). Therefore (however/therefore
/moreover) Ludian gradually returned to normal with the help of people from the whole country.
(二)按要求将词汇句式升级
1．用本单元高级词汇替换加黑短语
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(1)a very powerful→an extremely powerful
(2)very surprised→shocked
2．按要求改写句式
(1)用定语从句改写句①
Judging from the situation, there were a number of trapped people who_were_waiting_for_the_rescue.
(2)用全部否定句改写句②
Fortunately, none_of_the_people_gave_up_hope.
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