Unit 4 Astronomy: the science of the stars
[写得准]
[用得活]
[积得多]
1.fundamental adj. 基本的；基础的
2.astronomy n. 天文学
3.crash vi.& vt. 碰撞；坠落
4.system n. 系统；体系；制度
5.theory n. 学说；理论
6.atmosphere n. 大气层；气氛
7.thus adv. 因此；于是
8.pull n．&vt. 拉(力)；拖；牵引力
9.float vi.&vt. (使)浮动；(使)漂浮
n. 漂浮物
10.harmful adj.有害的→harm n．害处 vt.对……有害
11.violent adj.猛烈的；激烈的；强暴的→violence n．暴力→violently adv.猛烈地；激烈地
12.puzzle vt.&vi.(使)迷惑；(使)为难 n．谜；难题→puzzling adj.令人迷惑的→puzzled adj.迷惑不解的
13.unlike prep.不同；不像→like (反义词)prep.像→dislike v．& n．不喜欢
14.exist vi
用所给词的适当形式填空
1.Unlike (like) most people in the office who come to work by car, I usually come to work by bus.
2.We live in a global (globe) village, but this doesn’t mean that we all behave in the same way.
3.Do you believe the existence of ghosts? Perhaps they only exist in the minds of some people.(exist)
4.Last night we had a discussion, which became more and more violent. Finally we reached an agreement that we will never use violence whatever happens.(violent)
5.There was a puzzled look on the little girl’s face because a puzzling problem puzzled her.(puzzle)
1.与“太空”有关的高频单词集锦
①astronomy n． 天文学
②astronaut n. 宇航员
③gravity n. 万有引力
④satellite n. 卫星
⑤orbit n. 轨道
⑥spaceship n. 宇宙飞船
⑦universe n. 宇宙
⑧launch vt. 发射
2.各种“碰撞”聚焦
①crash v． 碰撞；坠落
②bump n．&v. 撞；碰撞(声)
③collide v. 碰撞；相撞
④collision n. 撞击；碰撞
⑤run into 撞上
⑥knock into 撞上
3.un前缀高频形容词全接触
①unlike 不像的
②unable 不能……的
③unacceptable 不能接受的
④unbelievable 不可相信的
⑤uncertain 不确定的
⑥unclear 不清楚的
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.存在；生存→existence n．存在
15.globe n．球体；地球仪；地球→global adj.全球性的；全世界的
16.religion n．宗教；宗教信仰→religious adj.宗教的
6.Playing computer games will not only do harm to your physical health, but it is also harmful to your mental health.So there is no harm in advising you to give it up.(harm)
⑦uncomfortable 不舒服的
⑧unfair 不公平的
[写得准]
[用得活]
[积得多]
1.in_time 及时；终于
2.lay_eggs 下蛋
3.give_birth_to 产生；分娩
4.in_one’s_turn 轮到某人；接着
5.watch_out_for 密切注意；当心；提防
6.cheer_up 感到高兴；感到振奋
7.depend_on 依靠；取决于
8.break_out 突发；爆发
9.prevent_..._from 阻止；制止
10.block_out 挡住(光线)
11.get_the_hang_of 熟悉；掌握；理解
12.now_that 既然
选用左栏短语填空
1.Do remember to watch_out_for cars while crossing the street.
2.Cheer_up! You must believe in yourself and you will get success.
3.Please tell me when Mr.Smith is arriving at the train station so that I can pick him up in_time.
4.At last the firefighters put out the fire in the supermarket, which broke_out at ten this morning.
5.You’ve made me suffer in the past, so now you, in_your_turn,_suffer
again！
1.表达“小心；当心”的高频短语荟萃
①watch out (for) 小心；当心(……)
②look out 当心
③take care 小心
④be careful 小心
2.“阻止/禁止某人做某事”的多种表达
(1)阻止某人做某事
①prevent sb. from doing sth.
②stop sb. from doing sth.
③keep sb. from doing sth.
(2)禁止某人做某事
④prohibit sb. from doing sth.
⑤ban sb. from doing sth.
⑥forbid sb. from doing sth.
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[背原句]
[记句式]
[会仿用]
1.This produced a chain reaction, which made it possible for life to develop.
这就产生了一系列的反应，使得生命就有可能开始发展了。
句中的it是形式宾语，真正的宾语是不定式短语to develop。
这个女孩懂三门外语，这使她更容易找到一份好工作。
The girl knows three foreign languages, which makes_it_easier_for_her_to_find a good job.
2.But when I tried to step forward, I found I was carried twice as far as on the earth and fell over.
而当我试着向前迈步时，我发觉我被送出去很远，步子的跨度竟是在地球上的两倍，因而我摔倒了。
“...倍数＋as＋形容词/副词原级＋as ...”是倍数表达法之一，意为“……是……的多少倍”。
杰西卡付出的是以前三倍的时间和精力，所以我相信她这次能成功。Jessica devoted three_times_as_much_time_and_energy_as she did before, so I believe she will succeed this time.
3.“Oh, dear，” I cried, “walking does need a bit of practice now that gravity has changed.”
“天哪，”我大声说，“既然重力改变了，看来走路也的确需要练一练了。”
now that “既然；由于”，引导原因状语从句，有时that可以省略。
既然它对我们的好处如此多，为什么不试一试呢？Now_that_it_benefits_us so much, why not have a try？
1．harmful adj.有害的
[经典例句] Experts point out that fruit juices can be harmful to children’s teeth.(牛津P803)
专家指出果汁可能损害儿童的牙齿。
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①Some boys are too crazy about playing games on the computer, which is very harmful (harm) to their health.
有些男生对玩电脑游戏简直到了痴迷的程度，这对他们的健康非常有害。
②These days, breaking traffic rules and littering are not uncommon, causing/doing_serious_harm_to_life and the environment. (2013·安徽高考书面表达)
这些天，违反交通规则和乱扔垃圾的现象很常见，对生活和环境造成了严重的破坏。
③If you want to solve the problem in this way, there_is_no_harm_in_calling_him.
如果你想以这种方式来解决问题，你不妨给他打个电话。
2．exist vi.存在；生存
[教材原句] They laid eggs too and existed on the earth for more than 140 million years.
它们也生蛋，在地球上生存了一亿四千多万年。
(1)exist in 存在于……之中
exist on 靠……为生
There exists ... 某地有……；存在……
(2)existence n. 存在；生存
come into existence 产生；成立；开始存在
①There_exists a generation gap between the young and the old.
青年人和老年人之间存在着代沟。
②You can’t imagine what difficulty they have existing on the money he’s earning.
你无法想象他们靠他挣的那点钱维持生活是多么的困难。
③Scientists have many theories about how the universe first came into existence (exist)．
关于一开始宇宙是如何产生的，科学家们有多种观点。
[名师指津] exist是不及物动词，没有被动语态，也不用于进行时态。
3．puzzle vt.使迷惑；使为难 n．谜；难题；(游戏的)猜谜
[教材原句] How life began on earth is one of the biggest puzzles that scientists found hard to solve.
地球生命如何起源是科学家们觉得很难解决的最大的难题之一。
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(1)puzzle about/over 冥思苦想；苦苦思索
(2)a puzzle to sb. 一件让某人感到困惑的事情
(3)puzzling adj. 令人迷惑的
puzzled adj. 迷惑不解的；困惑的
be puzzled about 对……迷惑不解
①The police are still puzzling about/over how the accident could have happened.
警察仍在苦思这起事故是怎么发生的。
②Where the lost boy has gone still remains a puzzle to us.
丢失的男孩去了哪儿对我们来说仍是个谜。
③His last paintings are perhaps the most puzzling,_which even puzzle all the artists.(puzzle)
他最后的一批画作也许是最让人困惑的，这些画作甚至使所有的艺术家们都非常困惑。
4．pull n．&vt.拉(力)；拖；牵引力
[教材原句] As the rocket rose into the air, we were pushed back into our seats because we were trying to escape the pull of the earth’s gravity.
随着火箭的升空，由于我们在努力挣脱地球的引力，我们被向后推在座位上。
pull down 拆毁；摧毁
pull in (车辆)进站停靠；靠边停靠
pull out 驶出；拉出；拔出
pull through 康复；痊愈
pull up (使)停住
①Everyone was very concerned whether he would pull_through or not.
每个人都很关心他是否能痊愈。
②The father saw the train his son was on pull_out,_with his eyes full of tears.
那位父亲眼含泪水看着载着他儿子的火车驶出站。
③Whether the buildings in this area should_be_pulled_down has remained controversial; people are still looking for other possible solutions.(2012·湖北高考多选)
这个地区的建筑物是否需要拆毁还存在争议，人们仍旧在寻找着其他可能的解决方法。
Ⅰ.基础点全练
1．单句语法填空
①I can say that it is the most violent (violence) film that I have ever seen.
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②The festival of this year has been a great success, unlike (like) the year before when it rained nonstop.
③The conversation was carried on in a harmonious and friendly atmosphere.
④As the old saying goes, it is easier to pull down than to build up.
⑤Her puzzled (puzzle) look on her face suggested she didn’t understand what I said.
⑥The driver lost control of the car on the slippery road and crashed into a truck.
2．句式升级
Daddy and I ran quickly towards her and pulled her out.
→Daddy and I ran quickly towards her, pulling_her_out. (分词作状语)
Ⅱ.重难点多练
1．exist全方位
(1)单句语法填空
①There exists (exist) a good way to solve the existing (exist) problem at present.
②The old lady became seriously ill last week, and she has only existed on milk ever since.
③As is known to us, the Republic of China came into existence (exist) as an independent country in 1949.
(2)高考小作文
④在我们学校自行车的存放是一个长久以来就存在的问题。(2014·北京高考书面表达)
The parking place for bikes was_an_existing_problem_for_a_long_time in our school.
2．harmful面面观
(1)用所给词的适当形式填空
①As we all know, a bad eating habit is harmful (harm) to one’s health.
②As far as I’m concerned, there is no harm (harmful) in making an apology to him first.
(2)一句多译
众所周知，过量喝酒对你的身体有害。
③What is known to us is that drinking too much is_harmful_to_your_health.
④What is known to us is that drinking too much does_harm_to_your_health.
Ⅲ.阅读词汇专练
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根据语境选出动词multiply的词义
1．It is possible to multiply these bacteria in the laboratory.__C__
2．In maths class the children are already learning to multiply and divide.__A__
3．Our problems have multiplied since last year.__B__
1．in time及时；终于；总有一天
[高考佳句] As a proverb goes, “Where there is a will, there is a way.” Our efforts will pay off in time.(2014·山东高考写作)
常言道，“有志者事竟成”，我们的努力迟早会有所回报。
(1)in no time 立刻；马上
at no time 决不(放在句首时，句子用部分倒装)
at a time 每次；一次
at one time 曾经；一度
at the same time 同时
from time to time 有时；偶尔
(2)take one’s time 别着急；慢慢来
kill time 消磨时间
①We arrived in the summer, just in_time to enjoy the midnight sun.
我们在夏天到达，正好能及时享受到午夜的太阳。
②At_the_same_time,_we are going to bring along about five hundred books with us for your class.(2015·天津高考书面表达)
同时，我们将给你们班带去大约500本书。
③At no time did_they_actually_break the rules of the game. It was unfair to punish them. (2013·辽宁高考单选)
他们实际决没违反比赛规则，惩罚他们是不公平的。
2．in one’s turn轮到某人；接着
[教材原句] Thus they have, in their turn, become the most important animals on the planet.
于是，他们接着成为了这个行星上最重要的动物。
in turn 依次；轮流；反之；相应地
by turns 轮流；交替地
take turns to do sth. 轮流做某事
It is one’s turn to do sth. 轮到某人做某事
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It turns/turned out that ... 结果……
①When it is in_my_turn,_I am too excited to speak.
当轮到我时，我激动得都说不出话来了。
②I think it’s_my_turn_to_drive the kids to school this week.
我想这周该轮到我开车送孩子们上学了。
③People try to avoid public transportation delays by using their own cars, and this in_turn creates more problems.
人们使用自己的小汽车避免公共交通延误，反过来，这将造成更多的问题。
3．cheer up(使)高兴；(使)振奋；感到高兴；感到振奋
[教材原句] I cheered up immediately and floated weightlessly around in our spaceship cabin watching the earth become smaller and the moon larger.
我立刻高兴起来，由于失重我在太空舱里飘来飘去，我望着(身后的)地球越来越小，而(前方的)月亮越来越大。
(1)cheer sb. up 使某人振作起来
cheer sb. on (比赛中)以喝彩声鼓励；为某人加油
cheer for 为……而欢呼
(2)Cheers! [口语](用于祝酒)干杯！
①I do hope she can cheer_up and accept the challenge of life bravely!
我真心希望她能振作起来，勇敢地接受生活的挑战！
②When I’m feeling sad, my mother tells me funny stories to_cheer_me_up.
当我感到忧伤时，我的母亲就给我讲有趣的故事哄我高兴。
③Let’s go to the football game and cheer for our favorite team.
咱们去看足球比赛，为我们最喜爱的球队呐喊助威。
4．But when I tried to step forward, I found I was carried twice_as_far_as on the earth and fell over.
而当我试着向前迈步时，我发觉我被送出去很远，步子的跨度竟是在地球上的两倍，因而我摔倒了。
twice as far as ...是一种倍数的表示方法，意为“是……的两倍远”。as far as ...“远到……”。
英语中常见的倍数表达法有：
①The red ruler is three times as long (long) as the yellow one.
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＝The red ruler is three times longer (long) than the yellow one.
＝The red ruler is three times the length (long) of the yellow one.
这个红尺子是黄尺子的三倍长。
②The world’s population has grown to more than six times what it was in 1800.
目前世界人口与1800年相比已经增长到当时的六倍多。
5．“Oh dear，” I cried, “walking does need a bit of practice now_that_gravity has changed.”
“天哪，”我大声说，“既然重力改变了，看来走路也的确需要练一练了。”
now that “既然；由于”，引导原因状语从句。在语义上相当于since，that在口语中可以省略。
①Now_that the parking regulations have become stricter, more people will use public transport and leave their cars at home.
由于停车规定变得更加严格，越来越多的人将使用公共交通工具而把他们的车放在家里。
②Now_that_you_are_interested_in traditional Chinese culture, I thought this festival would be a worthwhile experience for you.(2015·新课标全国卷Ⅱ满分作文)
既然你对中国传统文化感兴趣，我认为这个节日对你而言将是个有价值的经历。
Ⅰ.基础点全练
1．单句语法填空
①Though injured seriously, he tried to cheer up,_hoping to make his parents less worried.
②The two girls are so alike that strangers find it difficult to tell one from the other.
③What was needed at that time, she told me, was some good luck.
④Class Three should be responsible for raising the red flag this week in its turn.
⑤I had meant to call you, but was prevented from doing so.
2．一句多译
你既然得到了一个机会，不妨充分利用它。
①Now_that_you’ve_got_a_chance,_you might as well make full use of it.
②Since_you’ve_got_a_chance,_you might as well make full use of it.
3．运用所学短语完成下列语段
①Now_that (既然) we all understand that the haze ②is_harmful_to/does_harm_to
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(对……有害) our health, we should take effective measures ③to_prevent_it_from (阻止它) getting bad to worse. No matter what happens, we must ④cheer_up (振作起来). If we keep on, we’ll succeed ⑤in_time (最终)．
Ⅱ.重难点多练
1．time短语多棱镜
(1)选词填空
in no time， at no time， at one time， at a time
①Luckily, I quickly adapted and everything was back in_no_time.
②At_one_time,_half the land on the earth’s surface was covered by forest.
③Don’t try to do everything at once; take it a bit at_a_time.
④In my view, at_no_time should you lose heart whenever you are in danger.
(2)高考小作文
⑤因此，我没能及时抽出足够的时间给你写回信。(2013·山东高考写作)
Therefore, I couldn’t spare enough time to_write_you_back_in_time.
2．倍数表达法点点练
一句多译
最近发现的行星几乎是地球的三倍大，人类有望能在上面生活。
①The new planet discovered recently is almost three_times_as_large_as Earth, and hopefully it can support human life.(as)
②The new planet discovered recently is almost three_times_bigger_than Earth, and hopefully it can support human life.(than)
③The new planet discovered recently is almost three_times_the_size_of Earth, and hopefully it can support human life.(size)
Ⅰ.单句语法填空
1．I could feel the wind gently (gentle) blowing through my hair, it was a warm summer breeze.
2．Watch out for sharp bends and adjust your speed accordingly.
3．The new stadium being built for the next Asian Games will be three times bigger (big) than the present one.
4．As we know, getting angry not only does harm to one’s health but also has
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a bad effect on the relationship between people.
5．It is none of your business what other people think about you. Believe in yourself.
6．He failed the exam and I didn’t know how to cheer him up.
7．After several years of practice, I think I will finally get the hang of spoken English.
8．All theories come from practice and in turn serve practice.
9．Sometimes he found it very hard to fall asleep at night, so he went to see the doctor.
10．There were many fish floating (float) in the river because of the serious pollution.
Ⅱ.单句改错
1．There is so much rain on the island that its annual rainfall reaches as many as sixty inches.many→much
2．You’ll succeed on time because you are always working hard.on→in
3．Do you know when the Marriage Law came into an existence？去掉an
4．We recognized the possibility and took steps to prevent it happened.
happened→happening
5．(2015·天津高考单选改编)The boss of the company is trying to create an easy atmosphere that his employees enjoy their work.that→where
6．The twin brothers stood under the tree, puzzling and saying nothing.
puzzling→puzzled
Ⅲ.用本单元所学知识完成下列写作训练
(一)依据提示补全短文
The development of space technology is making us excited. Man has succeeded in landing on the moon and the next destination is Mars. This goal will be achieved sooner or later. Is there life on Mars？It is still a_puzzle_to (对……来说是一个谜) us.
Until now we have known a little about Mars, but (so/but) that’s not enough. ①The earth is six times the size of Mars. ②There is almost no oxygen on Mars and thismakes_it_impossible_for_life_to_exist (使生命存在成为不可能). It might be about 50 degrees above zero at noon and 100 degrees below zero at night, which_prevents _us_from _living_there (这使得我们无法在那里生活，用prevent ...from ...). Now_that (由于) Mars is quite different from the earth, if we
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plan to go to Mars one day, we should have to take along our own oxygen, food, clothing and shelter.
(二)按要求将词汇句式升级
1．用本单元高级词汇替换加黑短语
(1)making us excited→cheering_us_up
(2)sooner or later→in_time
2．按要求改写句式
(1)用至少两种表达方式改写句①
a．The_earth_is_six_times_as_large_as_Mars.
b．The_earth_is_six_times_larger_than_Mars.
(2)改写句②
a．There is almost no oxygen on Mars, making_it_impossible_for_life_to_exist.(分词作状语)
b．There is almost no oxygen on Mars, which_makes_it_impossible_for_life_to_exist.(定语从句)
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