Unit 4 Global warming
[写得准]
[用得活]
[积得多]
1.random adj. 胡乱的；任意的
2.range n. 种类；范围
3.average adj. 平均的
4.subscribe vi. 同意；捐赠；订阅
vt. 签署(文件)；捐助
5.catastrophe n. 大灾难；浩劫
6.electrical adj. 电的；与电有关的
7.circumstance n. 环境；情况
8.refresh vt. 使恢复；使振作
9.advocate vt. 拥护；提倡；主张
10.pollution n．污染；弄脏→pollute vt.污染
11.tendency n．倾向；趋势→tend vi.趋向；易于；照顾 vt.照顾；护理
12.oppose vt.反对；反抗；与(某人)较量→opposed adj.反对的；对立的
13.consequence n．结果；后果；影响→consequent adj.随之发生的；作为结果的→consequently adv.因此；所以
14.state vt
用所给词的适当形式填空
1.At first he was opposed (oppose) to the scheme, but we managed to argue him into accepting it.
2.In consequence (consequent) of your bad work I am forced to dismiss you.
3.Waste water from the factory is the main cause of the pollution (pollute)．
4.It was stated that the president made a_statement announcing new policies to deal with the new situation.(state)
5.They have contributed a lot of food and clothing to the refugees (难民) so far and their contributions will certainly help the refugees live through
1.“普通的”形容词种种
①average 平均的；普通的
②common 常见的；普通的
③normal 正常的；普通的
④ordinary 平常的；普通的
2.与“灾难”有关的名词集锦
①catastrophe 大灾难
②disaster 灾难
③earthquake 地震
④flood 洪灾
⑤tsunami 海啸
⑥drought 旱灾
⑦survivor 幸存者
⑧victim 受难者
3.与“电”有关的单词荟萃
①electrical adj. 电的；与电有关的
②electricity n. 电；电流
③electric adj. 电的；电动的
④electronic adj. 电子的
⑤electrics n. 电学
⑥electrician n. 电工；电学家
4.名词变复数的不规则变化
①phenomenon→phenomena现象
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.陈述；说明→statement n．说明；说法；表白
15.existence n．生存；存在→exist vi.存在
16.contribution n．贡献→contribute v．贡献；撰稿
17.consume vt.消费；消耗；耗尽；吃完→consumer n．顾客
18.phenomenon n．现象→phenomena pl.现象
the winter.(contribute)
6.Many people do not believe the existence of the ghosts. Some young children doubt whether there exist all kinds of ghosts in the world.(existence)
7.The storm tends to hit our city, and we will observe the tendency of it closely.(tend)
8.The air conditioners of this type consume too much electricity. Many consumers complain about this.(consume)
②medium→media媒体
③crisis→crises危机
④criterion→criteria标准
⑤datum→data数据
⑥bacterium→bacteria细菌
[写得准]
[用得活]
[积得多]
1.come_about 发生；造成
2.subscribe_to 同意；赞成；订购
3.quantities_of 大量的
4.go_up 上升；增长；升起
5.result_in 导致
6.be_opposed_to 反对……；与……对立
7.even_if 即使
8.keep_on 继续
9.on_the_whole 大体上；基本上
选用左栏短语填空
1.The traffic accident resulted from the driver’s carelessness, resulting_in the death of 3 people.
2.With the house prices going_up,_more and more people can’t afford an apartment.
3.It is the teacher as well as the students who
1.“be＋v.ed＋to”结构的短语面面观
wish you a pleasant journey back to your country.
①be opposed to 反对……
②be attached to 附属于；喜欢
③be accustomed to 习惯于
④be addicted to 沉溺于
⑤be devoted to 奉献；致力于
⑥be sentenced to 被判处……
2.“动词＋up with”结构的短语一览
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10.on_behalf_of 代表……一方；作为……的代言人
11.put_up_with 忍受；容忍
12.so/as_long_as 只要
13.and_so_on 等等
subscribes_to the idea that we should do something for the poor old man.
4.We are still wondering how it came_about that the experiment ended in failure.
5.What I can’t put_up_with is that he never cares about others’ feelings.
①put up with 忍耐；忍受；熬过
②keep up with 与……同步；跟上
(强调状态)
③catch up with 跟上(强调动作)
④end up with 以……结束
⑤come up with 提出；想出
[背原句]
[记句式]
[会仿用]
1.There is no doubt that the earth is becoming warmer ...
毫无疑问，地球正在变暖……
There is no doubt that ...“毫无疑问……”，that引导同位语从句。
毫无疑问，你们提供的交流生活动非常有意义。
There_is_no_doubt_that the exchanging student program offered by you is very meaningful.
2.Even if we start reducing the amount of carbon dioxide and other greenhouse gases, the climate is going to keep on warming for decades or centuries.
即使我们开始减少二氧化碳和其他温室气体的含量，在未来几十年或几个世纪内，气候仍会持续转暖。
even if/though “即使；尽管”，引导让步状语从句。
尽管我们都尽最大的努力去说服Dean，但是他依然拒绝参加这场比赛。
Dean still refused to join in the game, even_if/though_we_all_did_our_best to persuade him.
3.It is OK to leave an electrical appliance on so long as you are using it — if not, turn it off！
so/as long as “只要”，引导条件状语从句。
只要我们不失去信心，继续努力，我们一定能克服困难，实现目标。
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只要你在使用电器设备，你可以让它开着，如果不用就把它关掉！
So/As_long_as_we_don’t_lose_heart and keep on trying, we are sure to get over difficulties, and achieve our aims.
1．oppose vt.反对；反抗；与(某人)较量
[经典例句] She remained bitterly opposed to the idea of moving abroad.(牛津P1209)
她仍然强烈反对移居国外。
(1)oppose (one’s) doing sth. 反对(某人)做某事
(2)opposed adj. 反对的；对立的
be opposed to (one’s) doing sth. 反对(某人)做某事
(3)opposite n. 相反的人或事物
adj. 相反的；对立的
①Many old men oppose cutting (cut) down the 100yearold tree for rebuilding a shopping center.
许多老人反对为重建一个购物中心而砍掉这棵百年老树。
②Strangely, Mr. Green, also opposed (oppose) to the new policy, made no remark in the discussion.
令人奇怪的是，格林先生在讨论中没作任何评论，他也是反对这项新政策的。
③Good habits always lead to high efficiency, while bad ones bring the opposite (oppose)．(2013·四川高考书面表达)
良好的习惯总是产生较高的效率，而坏的习惯则相反。
[名师指津] (1)oppose后跟表示动作的词作宾语时，后面要用动名词形式。be opposed to结构中，to是介词，其后也要用动词的ing形式。
(2)表示反对的其他表达：disagree with, object to, be against 等。
2．range n．种类；范围；幅度；界限v.(在一定范围内)变动；变化；排列
[高考佳句] In addition to these traditional activities, we have a wider range of choices such as travelling and visiting friends.(2013·辽宁高考书面表达)
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除了这些传统的活动外，我们有多种选择，比如旅游、访友等活动。
(1)a wide range of 一系列……
in/within range 在射程以内；在范围内
beyond/out of range 在射程外；在范围外
beyond/out of one’s range 某人能力达不到的
(2)range from ...to ... 在……范围内变动；包括
由……到……之间的各类事物
range between ...and ... 在……和……范围内变动
①It is important for students to make the most of their different learning environments and acquire a_wide_range_of knowledge.
对于学生来说，充分利用不同的学习环境，广泛涉猎知识，这十分重要。
②The price of the house is so high that it is well beyond/out_of_our_range.
这栋房子的价格太高了，远远超过了我们能承受的范围。
③He has a number of interests, ranging (range) from playing chess to swimming.
他的爱好很多，从下棋到游泳。
3．average adj.平均的；普通的；平常的 n．平均数；一般水准v.平均为；计算出……的平均数
[教材原句] The greenhouse effect gives the earth’s surface the average temperature of 15℃.
温室效应导致地球表面的平均温度达到15℃。
(1)an average of 平均有(后跟数词)
(2)on (the) average 平均起来
above/below (the) average 在平均水平以上/以下
(3)average out 算出平均数
①Last year the number of students who graduated with a driving license reached 200,000, an_average_of 40,000 per year.
去年毕业时就有驾照的学生数量已达到二十万，平均每年四万。
②Last year was the warmest year on record, with global temperature 0.68℃ above_(the)_average.(2015·重庆高考单选)
去年是有史以来最暖和的一年，全球温度比平均值高出0.68 摄氏度。
③On average, there are 800 tornadoes in the US each year, causing about 80 deaths and 1,500 injuries.
美国平均每年有800场龙卷风，导致约80人死亡，1 500人受伤。
4．advocate vt.拥护；提倡；主张n.提倡者；拥护者
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[教材原句] However, I still think people should advocate improvements in the way we use energy today.
然而，我依然认为人们应该提倡改进我们今天这种使用能源的方式。
advocate sth./doing sth. 主张(做)某事
advocate that ...(should) do sth. 主张；提倡……做某事
an advocate of ……的提倡者
①Many experts advocate rewarding (reward) your child for good behaviour.
很多专家主张对小孩的良好表现加以奖励。
②Others advocated that we (should)_encourage (encourage) more and more people to wear traditional clothes.
另外一些人主张我们应该鼓励越来越多的人穿传统服装。
5．quantity n．量；数量；数目
[教材原句] The problem begins when we add huge quantities of extra carbon dioxide into the atmosphere.
当我们向空气中排放大量的多余的二氧化碳的时候，问题就开始了。
(1)a (large) quantity of 大量的
quantities of＋ 许多的；大量的
in quantity 大量的
(2)quality n. 质量
①As far as I’m concerned, it is quality_rather_than_quantity that really counts.
就我个人而言，重要的是质量而不是数量。
②Before the exam, I spent a_large_quantity_of_time in preparing for it. Otherwise, I wouldn’t have succeeded in passing the exam.(2014·四川高考书面表达)
在考试前，我花了大量的时间做准备。否则，我不会成功地通过考试。
③As a result of destroying the forests, a large quantity of desert has_covered (cover) the land.
由于破坏了森林，大量的沙漠覆盖了陆地。
[名师指津] “a quantity of ＋名词”作主语时，谓语动词用单数；而“quantities of ＋名词”作主语时，谓语动词用复数。
Ⅰ.基础点全练
单句语法填空/补全句子
1．With more forests being destroyed, huge quantities of good earth
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are_being_washed (wash) away each year.
2．(2011·天津高考单选)He was a good student and scored above average in most subjects.
3．I took a glance at the hall and found many familiar faces among the audience.
4．There is a tendency (tend) for people to work at home instead of in offices.
5．Most of the students interviewed last week opposed having (have) classes on Sunday.
6．He gave me some explanations of these space phenomena (phenomenon)．
7．My teacher always reminds me that under no circumstances should_I_abandon_my_learning_goals (我应该放弃我的学习目标) once I set them.
8．The Chinese government advocates that we (should)_live_a_lowcarbon_lifestyle (应该过低碳生活方式)．
Ⅱ.重难点多练
range面面观
(1)单句语法填空
①He is the manager, hiring and firing are_within the range of his responsibilities.
②The price of the car ranges from 20,000 dollars to 30,000 dollars, which is beyond his range.
③The listeners are mostly middle school students, ranging (range) from 12 to 18.
(2)补全句子
④如果你参加我们的夏令营，你将有多种选择开拓你的视野。
If you take part in our summer camp, you’ll have_a_wide_range_of_choices to broaden your horizons.
Ⅲ.阅读词汇专练
根据语境选出动词subscribe的词义
(A)订阅 (B)签署(文件)
(C)赞助；定期捐款 (D)同意
1．I was unwilling to subscribe to the contract, but it seemed that I had no choice.__B__
2．Don’t go and ask for her idea about our plan. Never will she subscribe to
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it for the trip.__D__
3．I’d like to subscribe to some magazines useful for our work.__A__
4．They subscribe to the Hope Project, which aims to help children return to school.__C__
1．result in导致
[教材原句] They also agree that it is the burning of more and more fossil fuels that has resulted in this increase in carbon dioxide.
他们还赞同下述观点：正是由于越来越多的燃烧化石燃料导致了二氧化碳的增加。
result from 由……造成；因……而产生
as a result 结果
as a result of 由于……的结果
without result 没有结果；白费
①The number of cars is increasing very rapidly, thus resulting (result) in some social problems.
小汽车的数量在迅速增加，结果导致了诸多社会问题。
②As we all know, his success resulted from his hard work.
众所周知，努力工作使他取得了成功。
③The exam was of vital importance for me; as_a_result,_I had no choice but to completely focus on my study.(2013·山东高考写作)
这次考试对我来说非常重要，因此，我别无选择只好集中全部精力学习。
2．put up with容忍；忍受
[教材原句] We do not have to put up with pollution.
我们没有必要忍受污染。
put aside 节省；储蓄；储存
put away 收起来
put forward 提出建议；把……向前拨
put off 延期；推迟
put out 熄灭；扑灭
put through 接通电话
put up 建造；张贴；供给……住宿
①I can put_up_with the house being untidy, but I hate it if it’s not
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clean.(2011·新课标全国卷单选)
我可以容忍房间里不整齐，但是我讨厌房间里脏。
②We are trying to put_aside some money every month for our vacation.
我们正尽量每月存些钱以供度假用。
③He decided that he would drive back to town instead of putting_up for the night at the hotel.
他决定开车回镇上，不在旅馆过夜。
[联想发散] 表示“容忍；忍受”的词语还有哪些？
stand,_tolerate,_bear等。
3．It is OK to leave an electrical appliance on so_long_as you are using it — if not, turn it off!
只要你在使用电器设备，你可以让它开着，如果不用就把它关掉！
so/as long as “只要”，引导条件状语从句。 as long as还可表示“与……一样长”。
①This proves that so/as_long_as_we_have_a_strong_will,_we’ll be able to get over any difficulty.(2014·山东高考满分作文)
这证明了只要我们有坚强的意志，我们就能够克服任何困难。
②Don’t mind what others say so_long_as_we_are_confident_in what we have done.(2012·北京高考书面表达)
只要我们对所做的事情有信心就不要介意别人的话。
[辨析比较] as long as, as well as, as far as, as good as
试一试 选用上述短语填空
③We as_well_as Tom went to Hainan to spend our holiday.
④As_far_as I am concerned, I am strongly against the plan.
⑤A distant relative is not as_good_as a near neighbour.
⑥You can borrow my car as_long_as you promise not to drive too fast.(2012·江西高考单选)
辨一辨
短 语
原 意
引申义
as long as
与……一样长
只要
as well as
与……一样好
也；和
as far as
远及到……
就……而言；至于
as good as
与……一样好
几乎
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Ⅰ.基础点全练
1．单句语法填空
①How did it come about that you were an hour late on such a short trip?
②The oil price has gone up again and many car owners begin to complain again.
③Please keep on doing (do) what you are doing now.
④As long as I’d done all my homework, I could go out on a Saturday night.
⑤There is no doubt that the proposal he put forward at the meeting is unacceptable.
2．短语替换(每空一词)
①He will have to find some other work, for he can’t stand this loud noise any more.
→He will have to find some other work, for he can’t put up with this loud noise any more.
②Any honest man will object to such a policy.
→Any honest man will be opposed to such a policy.
3．运用所学短语完成下列语段
①On_average (平均起来), every person in the United States consumes 65pound beef every year, but ②quantities_of (大量的) carbon dioxide are given off in producing beef, ③resulting_in (导致) a wide range of environmental problems. We should ④be_opposed_to (反对) this kind of activity. ⑤So/As_long_as (只要) we make joint efforts, all these problems will be solved.
Ⅱ.重难点多练
result相关短语多棱镜
选词填空
result in， result from， as a result， as a result of
①There is more and more noise pollution. As_a_result,_many species are dying out.
②As_a_result_of more and more noise pollution, many species are dying out.
③More and more noise pollution has resulted_in many species dying out.
④The fact that many species are dying out results_from more and more noise pollution.
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Ⅰ.单句语法填空
1．We’ve seen an enormous growth (grow) in the number of businesses using the Web.
2．There is a sum of money subscribed to the relief fund.
3．The magician picked several persons at random from the audience and asked them to help him with the performance.
4．In the past, only in country areas did people tend to_believe (believe) that boys were smarter than girls, which was great prejudice against girls.
5．Advocated (advocate) by many wellknown experts and film stars, the product was very popular at one time.
6．Quantities of money have_been_spent (spend) in bringing up the children since they were married.
7．The water recreation centre provides a variety of activities, ranging (range) from swimming to diving.
8．Pleasant music is often played between classes to make students refreshed (refresh) and relaxed for a while.
9．We should do our work well to make contributions (contribute) to our future, our society and our nation.
10．Success is not final and failure is not fatal; it is the courage to continue that_counts.
Ⅱ.单句改错
1．There is some doubt that their football team will win the match.that→whether
2．I have never subscribed the view that school days are the happiest days of your life.subscribed后加to
3．He tends to losing his temper if you don’t obey the rule.losing→lose
4．At present, a large quantity of food and water are needed in the earthquakehit area.are→is
5．Opposing to the plan of raising prices, the public decided to go on strike on Sunday.Opposing→Opposed
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6．Circumstance permitting, I’ll go abroad to study.
Circumstance→Circumstances
Ⅲ.用本单元所学知识完成下列写作训练
(一)依据提示补全短文
Every day I walk along the Pearl River, I can always see lots of rubbish such as plastic bags, litter, fruit peels and_so_on (等等) floating on the river. ①There is no denying the fact that it is the rubbish that results_in (导致) the dirty water in the Pearl River. As we can see, many people keep_on (继续) throwing rubbish even_if (即使) we call to protect the environment every day.I wonder how this sort of bad habit happens. ②On_the_whole (总的来说), I am strongly opposed to and can’t put_up_with (忍受) the behavior of this kind. On_behalf_of (代表) those who take good care of the environment, I would like to say so/as_long_as (只要) we can behave ourselves and start from ourselves to protect the earth, we can create a beautiful environment.
(二)按要求将词汇句式升级
1．用本单元高级词汇替换加黑单词或短语
(1)lots of→quantities_of/a_quantity_of
(2)happens→comes_about
2．按要求改写句式
(1)用doubt句式改写句①
There_is_no_doubt_that it is the rubbish that results in the dirty water in the Pearl River.
(2)用分词作状语改写句②
On the whole, strongly opposed_to_the_behavior_of_this_kind,_I can’t put up with it.
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