Unit 1 A land of diversity
[写得准]
[用得活]
[积得多]
1.means n． 手段；方法
2.occur vi. 发生；出现
3.reform vt.& vi. 改革；革新
n. 改革；改造；改良
4.grasp_vt.& n. 抓住；抓紧；掌握；领会
5.boom n. (人口、贸易的)繁荣
vi. 处于经济迅速发展时期
6.customs n. 海关；关税；进口税
7.luggage n. 行李
8.slip vi. 滑动；滑行；滑跤
n. 滑动；滑倒
9.hire_ vt.& n. 租用；雇用
10.majority n．大多数；大半→major adj.主要的 vi.主修 n．专业→minority_n．少数
11.elect vt.选择；决定做某事；选举某人→election_n．选举
12.distinct adj.清晰的；明显的；明确的→distinction n．差别；区分；卓著
13.applicant n
用所给词的适当形式填空
1.He won the election and was elected president of the country.(elect)
2.He indicated that an indicator should give me some indications of how I did in the test.(indicate)
3.The results of the survey fell into distinct groups. The old were scholars of great distinction while the young were the opposite.(distinct)
4.Apparently,_she took no notice of the apparent mistakes in the accident.(apparent)
5.All the applicants can apply in person or by letter and at the same time should hand in their applications before May 6th.(apply)
6.One of the major
1.变为复数后词义变化的名词小结
①custom (风俗)→customs (海关)
②manner (方式)→manners (礼貌)
③paper (纸)→papers (文件)
④art (艺术)→arts (文科)
⑤arm (手臂)→arms (武器)
⑥brain (脑袋)→brains (脑力)
⑦work (工作)→works (作品)
⑧short (短的)→shorts (短裤)
2.与“雇用、辞退”有关的词汇全接触
①hire n．&vt. 雇用
②employ vt. 雇用
③take on 雇用
④fire vt. 解雇
⑤dismiss vt. 解雇
⑥discharge vt. 辞退
⑦lay off 解雇
⑧turn away 解雇
3.“多数与少数”面面观
①major adj. 主要的
vi. 主修
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．申请人→apply vi.申请→application n．申请书；申请
14.apparent adj.显而易见的；显然的；表面上的→apparently adv.显然地；显而易见地
15.indicate vt.指出；标示；表明；暗示→indication n．迹象→indicator n．指示器；指示信号
problems is that a majority of the graduates who major in English find it difficult to find a good job.(majority)
n. 专业
②majority n. 大多数
③in the majority 占多数
④minor adj. 少数的
⑤minority n. 少数
⑥in the minority 占少数
[写得准]
[用得活]
[积得多]
1.live_on 继续存在；继续生存
2.by_means_of_... 用……办法；借助……
3.make_a_life 习惯于新的生活方式、工作等；谋生
4.keep_up 坚持；维持；沿袭(风俗、传统等)
5.back_to_back 背靠背
6.team_up_with 与……合作或一起工作
7.mark_out 用线画出范围；标出……界线
选用左栏短语填空
1.After 15 years in the USA, he has finally made his decision to apply_for American citizenship.
2.While you are reading an article, you’d better mark_out the key words and topic sentences.
3.In some rural places of China, some people still prefer keeping_up their traditional lifestyle.
1.“v.＋in”结构短语集锦
①take in 包括；欺骗；理解
②fit in 适应；找到时间
③break in 强行闯入
④cut in 插嘴；插队
⑤give in 屈服；投降
⑥turn in 上交
2.“许多”种种
＋可数名词
＋不可数名词
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8.take_in 包括；吸收；欺骗；理解
9.a_great/good_many 许多；很多
10.apply_for 申请；请示得到
11.the_majority_of 大多数……
12.occur_to_sb. 某人突然想到
4.—The trade caused me D|S500 worth of loss.
—Pity! You didn’t listen to my advice; otherwise, you would not have been taken_in.
5.He is such an illtempered man that on no condition will I team_up_with him.
[背原句]
[记句式]
[会仿用]
1.However, it is likely that Native Americans were living in California at least fifteen thousand years ago.
然而，可能至少在15 000年前美洲土著人就住在加利福尼亚了。
it is likely that ...“有可能……”。
对我们学生而言参观长城有可能是一次难忘的经历。
It_is_likely_that a visit to the Great Wall for us students is an unforgettable experience.
2.That is why today over 40% of Californians speak Spanish as a first or second language.
那就是今天有超过40%的加利福尼亚人把西班牙语作为第一或第二语言的原因。
That is why ...“那就是……的原因”。
他迷恋电脑游戏，那就是他不得不辍学的原因。
He is addicted to computer games, and that_is_why he has to drop out of school.
3.It is believed that before long the mix of nationalities will be so great that there will be no distinct major racial or cultural groups, but simply a mixture of many races and cultures.
It is believed that ...“人们认为/相信……”，其构成为：It＋be＋过去分词＋that从句。
人们普遍认为书的影响是如此之大，以至于我们的父母总是鼓励我们养成良好的阅读习惯，阅读更多的书籍。
It_is_commonly_believed_that the influence of books is so great that our parents always encourage us to form good habits of
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人们认为，要不了多久，多种国籍的混合将会非常之大，以至于不可能存在一种明显主要的种族或文化群体，而只是多种族、多文化的混合体。
reading and to read more books.
1．means n．手段；方法
[教材原句] Scientists believe that these settlers crossed the Bering Strait in the Arctic to America by means of a land bridge which existed in prehistoric times.
科学家们认为这些迁居者通过一条史前时期曾经存在的大陆桥穿越北极地区的白令海峡到达美洲。
by this means 用这种方法
by means of 通过；用；借助于
by no means 决不；一点也不(放在句首时，句子用部分倒装语序)
by all means (用于交际英语表示同意)当然可以；没问题；务必；千方百计
a means of communication 一种通讯/交流工具
①In addition, we have more choices by_means_of wild release.(2015·重庆高考满分作文)
此外，通过自由分享我们有更多的选择。
②By_no_means was he satisfied with the job and he asked us to finish it by_all_means.
他对这项工作一点也不满意，他要求我们务必完成。
③Every possible means_has_been_tried (try), but none has worked.
→All possible means _have_been_tried (try), but none has worked.
各种可能的办法都尝试了，但没有一种奏效。
[名师指津] means用作“方式；方法”时单复数同形。若all/some/several/many means作主语，谓语动词用复数形式；若every/each/one/a means作主语，谓语动词用单数形式。
2．majority n．大多数；大半
[高考佳句] When I have a different opinion, I may choose to give it up and respect the opinion of the majority.(2015·浙江高考书面表达)
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当我有不同的观点时，我会选择放弃并尊重大多数人的观点。
(1)a/the majority of ... 大多数……
be in the/a majority 占大部分/大多数
(2)minority n. 少数
be in the minority 占少数
(3)major n. & v. 主修；专业
major in 主修……；以……为专业
①An agreement seems to be impossible because the majority of the committee members are (be) against it.(2012·陕西高考单选)
看来意见达成一致是不可能了，因为大多数委员会成员都表示反对。
②The white are in_the_majority in Australia while the native people in_the_minority.
在澳大利亚，白人占多数而土著人占少数。
③I graduated from Chongqing Normal University and majored (majority) in information management.
我毕业于重庆师范大学信息管理专业。
[名师指津] the/a majority of＋名词，表示“大多数”，谓语动词的数与of后面的名词相一致；the majority单独作主语时，谓语动词用单复数均可。
3．occur vi.发生；出现
[高考佳句] Along with your wonderful innovation, you need to hand in a report, explaining how the idea occurs to you and what materials you use.(2014·辽宁高考书面表达)
你需要和你奇妙的创新一起提交一份报告，解释你是怎么想到这个点子的，你用的是什么材料。
sth. occurs to sb. 某人突然想起某事
It occurs to/strikes/hits sb. that ...
某人突然想起……
It occurs to sb. to do sth. 某人突然想起做某事
①I was going along the street looking for a place to park when_an_accident_occurred.
我正在街道上找地方停车的时候，发生了一起事故。
②It_occurred_to_her_that she should adopt the homeless child.
→It_struck_her_that she should adopt the homeless child.
→It_hit_her_that she should adopt the homeless child.
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她突然想到她应该收养这个无家可归的孩子。
4．indicate vt.指出；标示；表明；暗示
[教材原句] Try to use the expressions above to indicate that you are listening carefully to your partner.
尽量使用以上的表达来表明你在认真聆听你同伴说话。
(1)indicate sth. (to sb.) 向(某人)表示某事；把……
指给(某人)看
indicate that ... 表示……；示意……
(2)indication n. 表明；显示
①As_is_indicated_in_the_survey,_more and more people choose to travel abroad.
调查显示，越来越多的人选择出国旅游。
②His attitude indicates (indicate) that he is not very happy with what you are doing.
他的态度表明他对你的所作所为很不高兴。
③There are clear indications (indicate) that the economy is improving.
有明显的迹象显示经济正在改善。
Ⅰ.基础点全练
1．单句语法填空
①When Babbage was working at Cambridge, a new idea occurred to him.
②There is a great deal of evidence indicating (indicate) that listening to soft music can reduce stress.
③Twenty head of cattle (cattle) were eating grass on the grassland when a wolf came over.
④She was the Minister of Education before he was_elected (elect) President last year.
⑤Having filled in an application (apply), he was interviewed by the boss.
⑥It’s highly recommended to_hire (hire) a car and driver.
⑦The majority were/was (be) on the England’s team, which greatly disappointed them.
⑧(2011·湖南高考单选)Onethird of the country is_covered (cover) with trees and the majority of the citizens are (be) black people.
2．一句多译(每空一词)
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很明显药物对他的疾病起了积极的作用。
①It is apparent that the medicine has a good effect on his disease.
②Apparently,_the medicine has a good effect on his disease.
Ⅱ.重难点多练
means多棱镜
(1)单句语法填空
①They have tried all means, which possibly are (be) helpful, but unfortunately not a means has (have) worked so far.
②My best friend, Amy, is always supportive, so her friendship undoubtedly means (mean) a great deal to me.
③Only by this means can you work out the problem.
(2)高考小作文
此外，惩罚绝不是一个帮助他们在精神上和身体上健康成长的明智选择。(2011·陕西高考书面表达)
④Furthermore, punishment is_by_no_means_a_wise_choice to help them grow up mentally and physically.
⑤Furthermore, by_no_means_is_punishment_a_wise_choice to help them grow up mentally and physically.(倒装句)
Ⅲ.阅读词汇专练
根据语境选出grasp的词性和词义
(A)vt.理解；明白；领会 (B)vt.抓住(机会)
(C)n.紧握；控制 (D)vt.抓牢；抓紧
1．(2014·江西高考书面表达)I am not afraid of making mistakes and grasp every opportunity to improve myself.
__B__
2．He grasped my hand and shook it warmly.__D__
3．It took him some time to grasp that he was now a public figure.__A__
4．Don’t let the situation escape from your grasp.__C__
1．make a life习惯于新的生活方式、工作等；谋生
[教材原句] Some died or returned home, but most remained in California to make a life for themselves despite great hardship.
有些人死了或回家了，但是大多数人留在加利福尼亚谋生，尽管困难重重。
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(1)come to life 苏醒；变得活跃
live/lead a ...life 过着……生活
come back to life 苏醒过来；恢复生气
bring ...back to life 使……苏醒过来；给……活力
start/make a new life 开始新生活
谋生
①In the coming three years, our school life will be challenging and you will try to make_a_life for yourself.(2014·江西高考书面表达)
在接下来的三年，我们的学校生活将会非常具有挑战性，你会努力习惯新的生活方式。
②The village, which had seemed deserted, immediately came_to_life.
这个原来似乎杳无人烟的村庄顿时恢复了生机。
2．take in包括；吸收；理解；欺骗；收留
[经典例句] He was homeless, so we took him in.(牛津P2059)
他无家可归，我们便收留了他。
[一词多义] 写出下列句中take in的含义
①This is the total cost of the holiday, taking everything in.包括
②Don’t be taken in by products promising to make you lose weight quickly.欺骗
③I found it easy to take in what the professor had said.理解
④I managed to rent a big enough house to take in homeless people.收留
take off 起飞；匆匆离去；脱下；大获成功
take on 呈现；雇用；承担
take over 接收；接管；取代
take up 占去；占据；开始从事
⑤There will be many challenges ahead, but I have confidence that I’ll take_on the burden.(2013·天津高考书面表达)
尽管前面有很多挑战，但我有信心勇挑重担。
3．That_is_why today over 40% of Californians speak Spanish as a first or second language.
那就是今天有超过40%的加利福尼亚人把西班牙语作为第一或第二语言的原因。
This/That is why ...为表语从句的常用句型结构，意为“这/那就是……的原因”，用来表示原因。
①Tom was very lazy. That_was_why he never achieved anything in his life.
汤姆很懒，那就是他一生碌碌无为的原因。
(1)That’s because ...“那是因为……”，because从句表示原因。
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(2)The reason why ...is/was that ...“……的原因是……”，表语从句常用that引导，而不用because。
②From space, the earth looks blue. This_is_because about seventyone percent of its surface is covered by water.(2013·安徽高考单选)
从太空中看，地球是蓝色的。这是因为它表面约71%都被水覆盖着。
③The_reason_why the students favor the first one is_that they can carry it with them wherever they go.
学生们喜欢第一个的原因是他们无论去哪都可以随身携带(它)。
Ⅰ.基础点全练
1．单句语法填空/补全句子
①Although her husband died, the old lady lived on for many years with an optimistic attitude.
②It is honorable to make a life with your hands while depending on others is a shame.
③I hope the fine weather will keep up for the crops need much sunshine.
④Nowadays a_great/good_many_teenagers (许多青少年) are addicted to playing computer games, which makes their parents very worried.
⑤He teamed_up_with_his_brother (与他弟弟合作) in the doubles, which drew much attention of the audience.
⑥The special parking space has_been_marked_out (已经被划出来) with white paint so far.
2．句型转换(每空一词)
①It is believed that education is the most important issue facing the government.
→Education is believed to be the most important issue facing the government.
②As far as I know, he is likely to drop out of school to attend to his sick mother.
→As far as I know, it is likely that he will drop out of school to attend to his sick mother.
3．运用所学短语完成下列语段
It is reported that thousands of farmers come from the countryside to the cities. The majority of them can ①team_up_with (与……合作) each other to ②make_a_life (谋生) in the cities. With time going by, some of them even have ③applied_for
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(申请) the right to live in the city. They have made great contributions to the boom of the cities ④by_means_of (通过) working hard.
Ⅱ.重难点多练
1．take相关短语点点练
选词填空
take off， take in， take up， take over， take on
①Since Jerry is absent today, let’s get someone else to take_up the work where it was left off yesterday.
②When Mr. Green retired, his son took_over the business from him.
③The small village has_taken_on a new look since the kindhearted photographer came into it.
④Hurry up! The plane is taking_off in ten minutes.
⑤I listened to the speech carefully, but I still couldn’t take_in.
2．why/because面面观
(1)单句语法填空
①—Have you heard the news that he was admitted into Beijing University?
—Yes, that’s because he worked so hard all the time, so his efforts paid off.
②—You see, I’m poor in math, but good at English, while you are good at math, but weak in English.
—That’s why we should help each other.
③The reason why Tom came late for the wedding was that he was ill.
(2)句型转换
④He had an urgent thing to deal with. That was why he didn’t attend the meeting.
→He didn’t attend the meeting. That’s_because he had an urgent thing to deal with.
Ⅰ.单句语法填空
1．To_keep (keep) up with a good state with your teachers and classmates, you should learn to be on good terms with them.
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2．The bell indicating (indicate) the end of the period rang, which interrupted our heated discussion.
3．It is likely that they were trapped in a traffic jam at that time.
4．Rudolph just stood there, saying nothing. Apparently (apparent), he was a man of few words.
5．—I hear you’ve been looking for a job recently.
—Yes, I’m applying for work at the library.
6．A new law has been brought in to discourage racial (race) prejudice.
7．If a person is taken in,_he or she will be called “April fool！”
8．It just occurred to me that if we wanted to go to the seashore for our vacation, we had better make reservations in advance.
9．A good judge will try to make the punishment (punish) fit the crime.
10．Having been given such a good chance, how could she let it slip (slip) away?
Ⅱ.单句改错
1．They settled down in Canada and made new life for themselves.new前加a
2．After the explosion, every means have been used to prevent the river from being polluted.have→has
3．Successful people are always very intelligent. They can discover that others easily ignore.that→what
4．The government has taken measures to make this custom live.live后加on
5．A large percentage of this hotel’s income are from the visitors to the lake nearby.are→is
6．Having punished by his boss, he was in a very bad mood.Having后加been
7．Emerson would always take down new ideas that were occurred to him.去掉were
8．This is believed that hard work can lead to success.This→It
Ⅲ.用本单元所学知识完成下列写作训练
(一)依据提示补全短文
Most of our class had decided to visit the Great Wall by_means_of (通过) bicycling on Sunday. ①It hit us that the Palace Museum was more appealing. On the way weteamed_up (合作) to carry our luggage and at the entrance we asked Tom to buy tickets. Just_as_is_apparently_indicated (正如明确显示的一样) in their brochure, there are a lot of valuable collections. ②People believe that nowhere in the world can impress us so deeply as the Palace Museum. Now, I understand why so many people pay a visit to the Palace Museum every year.
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(二)按要求将词汇句式升级
1．用本单元高级词汇替换加黑短语
(1)Most of our class→The majority of our class
(2)a lot of→a_great/good_many
2．按要求改写句式
(1)用本单元所学句式改写句①
It_occurred_to_us_that the Palace Museum was more appealing.
(2)用it作形式主语改写句②
It_is_believed_that nowhere in the world can impress us so deeply as the Palace Museum.
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