2017高考英语一轮Unit 2 Cloning导学案(新人教版选修8)
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Unit 2 Cloning ‎[写得准]‎ ‎[用得活]‎ ‎[积得多]‎ ‎1.obtain vt.    获得;赢得 ‎2.merely adv. 仅;只;不过 ‎3.owe vt. 欠(账、钱、人情等);归功于……‎ ‎4.bother vt. 打扰 ‎   vi. 操心 ‎   n. 烦扰 ‎5.vain adj. 虚荣的;自负的;徒劳的 ‎6.breakthrough n. 突破 ‎7.attain vt. 获得;到达(水平、年龄、状况等)‎ ‎8.drawback n. 缺点;不利条件 ‎9.accumulate vt.‎& vi.积累;聚积→accumulation n.积累;增加 ‎10.reasonable adj.合情理的;讲道理的;公道的→reason n.原因;道理 ‎11.differ vi.不同;相异→different adj.不同的;与众不同的→difference n.差异;不同 ‎12.undertake vt.着手;从事;承担→undertook_(过去式)→undertaken_ (过去分词)‎ 用所给词的适当形式填空 ‎1.His explanation was not reasonable (reason), so all of us didn’t accept it.‎ ‎2.All the new employees are asked to learn about the rules and regulations (regulate) of the company and they must obey them.‎ ‎3.Jackie Chan enjoys great popularity (popular) both in Hong Kong and inland.‎ ‎4.I didn’t say that I wanted to buy it but merely (mere) asked for the price.‎ ‎5.The purpose of education is not only the accumulation of knowledge. And it also means accumulating intelligence as well as abilities.(accumulate)‎ ‎6.From the appearance, ‎ ‎1.巧记合成名词 ‎①break through→breakthrough 突破 ‎②break out→outbreak 爆发 ‎③fall down→downfall 垮台 ‎④get together→gettogether 聚会 ‎2.accumulate相关动词小结 ‎①accumulate vt.‎&vi. 积累 ‎②increase vt.‎& vi. 增长 ‎③enlarge vt.‎& vi. 扩大;放大 ‎④expand vt.‎& vi. 扩大;膨胀 ‎⑤shrink vt.‎& vi. 收缩;缩小 ‎⑥reduce vt.‎& vi. 减少 ‎3.由forbid的用法想到的 ‎4.resist形近词集锦 ‎①resist v. 抵抗 ‎②insist v. 坚持 ‎③assist v. 协助 ‎ 12‎ ‎13.object vi.反对;不赞成→objection_n.不赞成;反对;异议 ‎14.forbid vt.禁止;不准→forbade/forbad_(过去式)→forbidden_(过去分词)‎ ‎15.strike vi.&vt.‎&n.打;撞击;罢工→struck (过去式)→struck (过去分词)‎ ‎16.resist vt.抵抗;对抗→resistance n.抵抗;对抗→resistant adj.有抵抗力的;抵制的 ‎17.retire vi.退休;离开→retirement n.退休;引退 ‎18.assumption n.假定;设想→assume vt.假定;设想 ‎19.regulation n.规则;规章;法规→regulate vt.调节;管理 ‎20.popularity n.受人喜爱;流行→popular adj.流行的;通俗的;受欢迎的 we can not tell the differences between the twins, though they always have some different ideas. And as for this phenomenon, ideas differ among many people.(differ)‎ ‎7.Grey decided to move to the countryside and his mother made no objection to it, while his father objected to it.(object)‎ ‎8.Don’t assume that you are a princess and stop living in assumptions any more.(assume)‎ ‎9.Nowadays few people can resist the temptation of money, whoever is resistant to it is bound to achieve a lot in their life.(resist)‎ ‎10.He retired from the post as a manager. After his retirement,_ he settled down in a remote village.(retire)‎ ‎④assistant n. 助手 ‎ ‎⑤consist vi. 由……组成 ‎ ‎⑥consistent adj. 始终如一的; 一贯的 ‎ ‎5.后缀ance名词荟萃 ‎①resistance 抵抗 ‎②assistance 援助;协助 ‎③performance 表演;演奏 ‎④acquaintance 熟人 ‎⑤reliance 信赖;依赖 ‎6.动词变名词的不规则变化 ‎①assume→assumption 假定 ‎②describe→description 描述 ‎③explain→explanation 解释 ‎④pronounce→pronunciation 发音 ‎[写得准]‎ ‎[用得活]‎ ‎[积得多]‎ 12‎ ‎1.pay_off     得到好结果;取得成功;偿清 ‎2.cast_down 使失望;使沮丧 ‎3.object_to 反对 ‎4.in_favour_of 赞成;支持 ‎5.(be)_bound_to_(do)_...‎ ‎ 一定或注定(做)……‎ ‎6.strike_...into_one’s_heart ‎ 使……刻骨铭心 ‎7.from_time_to_time 不时;偶尔 ‎8.bring_back_to_life 使复生;使复活 ‎9.in_vain 白费力气;枉费心机 ‎10.in_good/poor_condition 状况很好/坏;情况很好/坏 选用左栏短语填空 ‎1.With all the efforts in_vain,_he was very desperate, falling ill.‎ ‎2.She has succeeded. She is pleased that her devotion to studying has paid_off.‎ ‎3.In making scientific experiments, one should not be cast_down by temporary setbacks.‎ ‎4.Now that I’ve grown up, I object_to being treated like a child.‎ ‎5.The house really is in_poor_condition — it would cost far too much to repair.‎ ‎6.Keep on working hard like this, and your research is_bound_to obtain great success.‎ ‎1.“in+名词+of”短语全接触 ‎①in favour of   赞成;支持 ‎②in memory of 为了纪 念……‎ ‎③in search of 寻找 ‎④in honour of 为了纪念……; ‎ 向……表示尊敬 ‎⑤in view of 鉴于;由于 ‎⑥in terms of 谈及;就……而言;‎ 在……方面 ‎2.heart相关短语全扫描 ‎①strike ... into one’s heart 使……刻骨铭心 ‎②put one’s heart into ...‎ ‎ 用心对待 ‎③lose heart 灰心 ‎④heart and soul 全心全意地 ‎[背原句]‎ ‎[记句式]‎ ‎[会仿用]‎ ‎1.Then came the disturbing news that Dolly had become seriously ill.‎ 接着传来了多莉病重的坏消息。‎ then 位于句首,句子用全部倒装语序。that引导同位语从句。‎ 接着传来了屠呦呦,一位女科学家,获得诺贝尔奖的令人兴奋的消息。‎ Then_came_the_exciting_news_that Tu Youyou, a woman scientist, won the Nobel Prize.‎ ‎2.The advantage is that if there is a new illness some of these The advantage is that 骑自行车上班的优势是我们可以过一种低碳生活。‎ 12‎ ‎ animals may die, but others will survive and pass on the ability to resist that disease to the next generation.‎ 其优点是如果发生某种新的疾病,这类动物中的一些可能会死掉,但是另外一些却能存活下来,并且把这种免疫力传给下一代。‎ ‎ ...“其优点是……”, that引导表语从句。‎ The_advantage_of_cycling_to_work_is_that we can live a lowcarbon life.‎ ‎3.What do you think is the writer’s point of view in this reading passage?‎ 你认为这篇阅读文章中作者的观点是什么?‎ 本句结构为“疑问词+插入语+其他部分”。‎ 这本书中你认为哪一部分最有趣?‎ Which_part_of_this_book_do_you_think is the most interesting? ‎ ‎1.object vi.反对;不赞成 n.物体;目标 ‎[经典例句] If anybody objects, we’ll postpone the meeting till next week.(牛津P1372) ‎ 如果有人反对,我们就把会议推迟到下周。‎ ‎(1)object to sb./sth.    反对;不赞成某人/某事 object to doing sth. 反对做某事 ‎(2)objection n. 反对;厌恶 raise an objection to sth. 对……提出异议 ‎①We object to being_blamed (blame) for something that we haven’t done. ‎ 我们反对把与我们无关的事情作为理由来谴责我们。 ‎ ‎②As far as I’m concerned, I have an objection (object) to charging for parking.‎ 就我个人而言,我反对停车收费。‎ ‎[写作联想] 例句②的其他表达方式 ‎①In my opinion, I object to charging for parking.‎ ‎②In my view, I am opposed to charging for parking.‎ 12‎ ‎③From my point of view, I’m against charging for parking.‎ ‎2.forbid vt.‎(forbade/forbad, forbidden)禁止;不准 ‎ ‎[教材原句] Some began to reform their legal systems and forbade research into human cloning.‎ 有些政府开始改革他们的法律制度,禁止进行克隆人的研究。‎ ‎(1)forbid sb. sth.      禁止某人某事 forbid doing sth. 禁止做某事 禁止某人做某事 ‎(2)forbidden adj. 被禁止的;严禁的 ‎①My father forbade me from meeting my friends online at the Internet café.‎ ‎→My father forbade me to_meet (meet) my friends online at the Internet café.‎ 我父亲禁止我去网吧见我的网友。‎ ‎②The students were forbidden, unless they had special passes, to_leave (leave) the base.‎ 这些学生除非有特别的通行证,否则被禁止离开基地。‎ ‎[名师指津] forbid后不能直接跟动词不定式作宾语,但可直接跟动名词作宾语,也可用forbid sb.to do sth.形式,有类似用法的单词还有:allow, permit, advise等。‎ ‎3.owe vt.欠(账、钱、人情等);归功于……;应感谢 ‎ ‎[经典例句] Thanks for sticking up for me, I owe you a favour.(牛津P1427)‎ 谢谢你支持我,我欠你一个人情。‎ ‎(1)owe sb.an apology    该向某人道歉 owe sb.a favour 欠某人一个人情 owe sb.sth.=owe sth.to sb.‎ ‎ 欠某人某物 ‎(2)owe ...to ... 把……归功于……‎ owe it to sb. that ... 多亏某人……‎ ‎(3)owing to 因为;由于 ‎①Mary will take care of the baby — she owes_me_a_favour.‎ 玛丽会照看孩子的——她欠我一个人情。‎ ‎②I must say I owe all the achievements to the encouragement and help from my colleagues and friends.‎ 我必须说我的所有成就都应归功于我的同事和朋友们的鼓励和帮助。‎ ‎③Owing_to_my_lack_of_experience,_I didn’t do the work well.‎ 由于缺乏经验,我没有把工作做好。‎ 12‎ ‎4.bother vt.打扰 vi.操心n.烦扰;令人烦恼的事或人 ‎[教材原句] However, the problem that she later developed a serious lung disease bothered scientists.‎ 然而,之后她患上了严重的肺病的问题使科学家们困扰。‎ ‎(1)bother sb. with/about sth. 为某事打扰或麻烦某人 bother to do sth. 特意做某事 It bothers sb.that/to do sth. 使某人苦恼的是 ‎(2)put sb.to any bother 给某人添乱 why bother没有必要吧;何苦那么麻烦 ‎①Sometimes I act as a listening ear for fellow students to talk over what is_bothering (bother) them.(2015·湖南高考单选)‎ 有时对我的同学来说我充当了听众的角色,以便与他们详细聊一聊正在困扰他们的事情。‎ ‎②In this kind of highpressure situation, many leaders bother their assistants with frequent meetings.‎ 在这种重压下,很多领导人频繁开会,从而让员工感到厌烦。‎ ‎③I don’t want to put_him_to_any_bother,_so I try doing it by myself.‎ 我不想给他添乱,所以,我试着靠自己做这件事。‎ ‎5.undertake vt.着手;从事;承担;保证 ‎[教材原句] It is a difficult task to undertake.‎ 这是一项很难完成的任务。‎ undertake sth.    着手/从事/承担某事 undertake to do sth. 保证/答应做某事 undertake that ... 保证……‎ undertake responsibility/a task/a project ‎ 承担责任/任务/工程 ‎①We must act as quickly as possible now. Just tell us whether you can undertake_the_task or not.(2015·湖北高考完成句子)‎ 现在我们必须尽快采取行动。你就告诉我们你能否承担这项任务吧。‎ ‎②The project undertaken (undertake) by the young engineer on his own turned out to be very successful.‎ 由那位年轻工程师单独承担的项目最终获得了巨大的成功。‎ ‎③Mr. Collins undertook to_look (look) after the children while his wife could go to the fit club with two of her friends.‎ 柯林斯先生承担了照料孩子的任务,这样他妻子就能够与她的两位朋友去健身俱乐部了。‎ 12‎ Ⅰ.基础点全练 单句语法填空 ‎1.He undertook to_finish (finish) the work, however difficult it is.‎ ‎2.He is a successful businessman; he owes his success more to luck than to ability.‎ ‎3.Why bother to_go (go) abroad to study, when there are so many good universities at home?‎ ‎4.The boy couldn’t resist showing (show) off his being praised by the teacher on arriving home.‎ ‎5.To be honest, I object to being_laughed (laugh) at in public.‎ ‎6.We may ask her a few questions to make sure we know exactly (exact) what she wants.‎ Ⅱ.重难点多练 forbid多棱镜 ‎(1)用所给词的适当形式填空 ‎①I will forbid you to_leave (leave) unless you apologize for what you have done.‎ ‎②We should take measures to forbid returning (return) illegal cooking oil to dinner tables.‎ ‎③The students are forbidden, unless they have special passes, to_stay (stay) out after 11 pm.‎ ‎(2)句型转换(每空一词)‎ ‎④We were forbidden from going out, so we had to stay at home aimlessly.‎ ‎→Forbidden from going out,_we had to stay at home aimlessly.(分词作状语)‎ Ⅲ.阅读词汇专练 根据语境选出strike的词性和词义 ‎(A)vt.使突然想到/想起     (B)vt.突然袭击 ‎(C)vt.打动;给……以深刻印象  (D)vt.打;敲;击 ‎(E)n.罢工 (F)vt.& vi.(钟)报时 ‎1.Greatly struck by the beauty of the language, I thought how even today Shakespeare’s writing remains powerful and true.__C__‎ ‎2.It struck me that we might have made a wrong decision.__A__‎ ‎3.I got up early this morning before the clock struck five.__F__‎ ‎4.A big earthquake struck the city last year, killing dozens of people.__B__‎ 12‎ ‎5.You’d better strike while the iron is hot.__D__‎ ‎6.The key reason for the black people’s strike was their poor living and working conditions.__E__‎ ‎1.pay off 得到好结果;取得成功;偿清 ‎[教材原句] But at last the determination and patience of the scientists paid off in 1996 with a breakthrough — the cloning of Dolly the sheep.‎ 但是决心和耐心使科学家们最终于1996年收获了突破性的结果——克隆羊“多莉”。‎ pay for sth.    付某物的钱;为某事物付出代价 pay sb. for sth. 因某事物给某人报酬 pay back 偿还(欠款);报复;回报 ‎①I was very interested in English and worked hard at it. Finally all_my_efforts_paid_off.(2014·山东高考满分作文)‎ 我对英语非常感兴趣而且努力学习它,最终我所有的努力都得到了回报。‎ ‎②What delighted him was that after all these years he at last paid_off_all_his_debts.‎ 使他高兴的是几年之后他终于还清了所有的债务。‎ ‎③That I can pay_back the help people give me makes me happy.‎ 能够回报人们给我的帮助让我感到很开心。‎ ‎2.in good/poor condition 状况很好/坏;情况很好/坏 ‎[经典例句] The car has been well maintained and is in good condition.(朗文P412)‎ 这辆车一直保养得很好,车况极佳。‎ out of condition   健康状况欠佳 working/living/studying conditions ‎ 工作/生活/学习环境 on condition that ... 在……条件下;倘若……‎ on no condition 一点也不;决不(放在句首时,用部分倒装语序)‎ ‎①What I want you to realize is that everybody is likely to be in_poor_condition.(2014·安徽高考书面表达)‎ 我想让你意识到的是每个人都可能有状况不好的时候。‎ ‎②You can keep the books for about 3 weeks on_condition_that you preserve them well.‎ 这些书你可以借三个礼拜,条件是你必须好好保存。‎ 12‎ ‎③On no condition should_you_lose_heart when you are in trouble.‎ 当你处境危险时,你决不能失去信心。‎ ‎3.The_advantage_is_that if there is a new illness some of these animals may die, but others will survive and pass on the ability to resist that disease to the next generation.‎ 其优点是如果发生某种新的疾病,这些动物中的一些可能会死掉,但是另外一些却能存活下来,并且把这种免疫力传给下一代。‎ The advantage is that ...“优势是……”,that此处引导表语从句。‎ The advantage/strength of ...is that ...‎ ‎              ……的优势是……‎ The disadvantage of ...is that ... ……的不足是……‎ The drawback of ...is that ... ……的缺点是……‎ The problem of ...is that ... ……的问题是……‎ The chance is that ... 有可能……‎ ‎①The_advantage/strength_of_smiling_is_that it can not only make us happy, but also please others.‎ 微笑的优势在于它不仅仅让我们高兴,还能取悦别人。‎ ‎②The_chance_is_that our team will finish at the top, as our remaining matches aren’t too difficult.‎ 由于我们队余下的比赛不太艰难,我们队在结束时有可能名列前茅。‎ ‎③The_drawback_of the popularity of cars is_that it brings about so much air pollution.‎ 汽车普及的缺点是它带来了严重的空气污染。‎ Ⅰ.基础点全练 ‎1.单句语法填空 ‎①The disadvantage of the area is that there is no public transport. ‎ ‎②Mountain Tai struck (strike) its beauty into her heart and she decided to visit it again the next year.‎ ‎③The athlete’s years of hard training paid off when she finally won the Olympic gold medal.‎ ‎④Don’t let yourself be_cast (cast) down by a small failure in the experiment; try again.‎ ‎⑤His parents tried to persuade him not to give up his wellpaid job, but their ‎ 12‎ efforts were in vain.‎ ‎⑥The idea that computers can recognize human voices surprises many people.‎ ‎2.补全句子 ‎①在你所就读的大学里住宿的优势在于如果你有问题可以得到帮助。‎ The_advantage/strength_of using your university accommodation is_that_you_can_get_support if you have a problem.‎ ‎②当战争爆发的消息传来时,他决定参军。‎ When the news came that_the_war_broke_out,_he decided to serve in the army.‎ ‎3.运用所学短语完成下列语段 Don’t feel ①cast_down (沮丧) if you fail in the coming examination. You must believe in yourself because your hard work will ②pay_off (得到好结果) sooner or later. Keep on trying your best, and you ③are_bound_to (一定会) be admitted into a key university.‎ Ⅱ.重难点多练 condition面面观 ‎(1)句型转换(每空一词)‎ ‎①You should tell him what has happened on no condition.(改为倒装句)‎ ‎→On no condition should you tell him what has happened.‎ ‎②They agreed to lend us the car as long as we returned it before the weekend. (同义句转换)‎ ‎→They agreed to lend us the car on condition that we returned it before the weekend.‎ ‎(2)补全句子 ‎③只要手机的状况良好,我不在意价格。‎ I don’t care about the price; so/as_long_as_the_cellphone_is_in_good_condition.‎ Ⅰ.单句语法填空 ‎1.Having_retired (retire) from business, he now occupies himself with his garden.‎ ‎2.His efforts to raise money for his program were in vain because no one showed any intention to take a cent out of their pockets.‎ 12‎ ‎3.The new clothes in that shop are so beautiful that Anna cannot resist taking (take) a close look at them, although she cannot afford them at present.‎ ‎4.—It’s reported that there’s a big breakthrough in the cancer treatment.‎ ‎—If only my son could be brought back to life!‎ ‎5.I think it is her personality rather than her looks that has struck me.‎ ‎6.Since her only child passed away a few years ago, family has been a forbidden (forbid) topic for her.‎ ‎7.Liu Lei insisted that he merely did what everybody would have done and strongly objected to being_called (call) a hero.‎ ‎8.Equipped with modern facilities, today’s libraries differ greatly from those of the past.‎ ‎9.This morning my grandpa wrote his doctor a letter saying that he owes it to her that he is still alive.‎ ‎10.Honey, look at your mistake in spelling this word, or you could_have_obtained (obtain) full marks in this exam.‎ Ⅱ.单句改错 ‎1.He has a strong objection to smoke in public places, especially with females present.smoke→smoking ‎2.Mother made a promise if I passed the College Entrance Examination, she would buy me a mobile phone.promise后加that ‎3.John is strongly convinced that extra time spent studying now will pay for in the future.for→off ‎4.It suddenly struck to me that we ought to make a new plan.去掉第一个to或struck→occurred ‎5.You can go swimming in condition that you don’t go too far from the river bank.in→on ‎6.Owe to his absence, we had to put off the class meeting till next week.Owe→Owing Ⅲ.用本单元所学知识完成下列写作训练 ‎(一)依据提示补全短文 People differ_greatly (有很大分歧)in cloning technique. Some people are in_favour_of (支持) its development, for they believe it will be sure to benefit us.①Large quantities of commercial food can be produced to meet people’s ‎ 12‎ needs, which is one of the advantages of cloning. Besides (as a result/besides), we can also clone human body organs for medical use.‎ On the contrary, others strongly object_to (反对) it, feeling depressed to find that it could raise a storm of moral questions. In order to ban the technique, they don’t_bother_to_list (不厌其烦地列举) as many disadvantages as possible. ②However (therefore/however), in my opinion, cloning will pay_off (取得成功) as long as all undertake to use it properly.‎ ‎(二)按要求将词汇句式升级 ‎1.用本单元高级词汇替换加黑单词或短语 ‎(1)be sure to→be_bound_to ‎(2)depressed→cast_down ‎ ‎(3)ban→forbid ‎ ‎2.按要求改写句式 ‎(1)用表语从句改写句①‎ One_of_the_advantages_of_cloning_is_that large quantities of commercial food can be produced to meet people’s needs.‎ ‎(2)根据句②改写同义句 However, in my opinion, cloning will pay off on_condition_that_all_undertake_to_use it properly.‎ 12‎

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