Unit 3 Inventors and inventions
[写得准]
[用得活]
[积得多]
1.passive adj. 被动的；消极的；被动语态的
2.seize vt. 抓住；捉住；夺
3.forehead n. 额头
4.associate vt. 联想；联系
n. 同伴；伙伴
5.criterion n. (评判的)标准；尺度
6.bear vt. 忍受；忍耐；负担
7.distinguish vi.&vt显示……的差别；使……有所不同；辨别→distinguished adj.著名的；卓越的
8.merciful adj.宽大的；仁慈的；慈悲的→ merciless adj.残忍的；无情的→mercy n．宽恕；仁慈
9.convenient adj.便利的；方便的；就近的→convenience n．方便；便利→conveniently_adv.便利地；方便地
10.caution n．小心；谨慎→cautious_adj.小心的；谨慎的→cautiously_ adv.小心地；谨慎地
11.competence n．能力；胜任；本领→competent adj.能胜任的；有能力的；称职的
用所给词的适当形式填空
1.Please give him lots of love instead of high expectations (expect); otherwise he will be loaded with great pressure.
2.The bus came to an abrupt (abruptly) stop, making many passengers fall off their seats.
3.When the ice is heated above freezing (freeze) point, it begins to change into a liquid state.
4.Your suggestion sounds reasonable and practical (practice). I think it deserves to be discussed at the next meeting.
5.He took measures to make up his fault, which received our recognition (recognize)．
6.You can visit Professor Li when it is
1.后缀ive形容词集锦
①active 主动的
②passive 被动的
③positive 积极的
④negative 消极的
⑤subjective 主观的
⑥expensive 昂贵的
⑦impressive 印象深刻的
⑧aggressive 争强好胜的； 挑衅的
2.表示“抓住”的相关词语一览
①seize vt. 抓住；捉住
②catch vt. 抓住；接住
③grasp vt. 抓住；掌握
④catch hold of 抓住
⑤get hold of 抓住
3.含fore前缀的单词面面观
①forehead n. 额头
②forecast vt. 预报
③foresee vt. 预见
④foreword n. 前言
⑤forearm n. 前臂
4.“辨别；区分”家族
①distinguish between ...and ...
11
12.abrupt adj.突然的；意外的→abruptly adv.突然地
13.practical adj.实际的；实践的；实用的→practice n．实践；练习→impractical adj.不明智的；不现实的
14.expectation n．预料；期待；期望→expect_v．预料；期待；期望；认为
15.innocent adj.清白的；天真的→innocence_n．天真；清白
16.recognition n．认出；认可；承认→recognize vt.认出；识别；承认
17.freezing adj.冰冻的；严寒的→freeze v．冰冻→frozen adj.冻结的
18.occasionally adv.偶然地；不时地→occasional adj.偶然的→occasion n．时机；机会；场合
convenient,_that is, at his convenience. His house is conveniently near the bus stop.(convenient)
7.He is a cautious man and is always doing things with caution. You should get on with him cautiously.(caution)
8.The merciless king showed no mercy and killed all the prisoners.(merciful)
区分……和……
②distinguish ...from ...
使……有别于……
③tell ... from ...
区分/辨别……和……
[写得准]
[用得活]
[积得多]
11
1.call_up 给……打电话；使想起
2.now_and_then 偶尔；有时
3.set_about 开始；着手
4.dive_into 迅速把手伸入；一心投入
5.set_out_(to_do)
开始(做)
6.hang_on 不挂断；稍等；紧紧握住
7.out_of_order 次序颠倒；发生故障
8.get_through 设法联系上(尤指打通电话)；(设法)做完；通过；度过
9.ring_back 回复电话
10.ring_off 挂断电话
选用左栏短语填空
1.Sorry to hear that you’ve failed the exam. If only you had set_about the revision earlier.
2.Many memories of old times were_called_up by the conversation we had together that evening.
3.The engines of the ship were out_of_order and the bad weather added to the helplessness of the crew at sea.
4.The girl goes to visit her English teacher now_and_then who retired from school last year.
5.It’s the love and responsibility that have driven him to get_through many hardships and survive.
1.“有时”词汇全接触
①now and then偶尔；有时
②now and again 不时；时而
③from time to time 不时
④sometimes 有时
⑤occasionally 偶尔
2.“v.＋into”结构的短语荟萃
①dive into 迅速把手伸入； 一心投入
②burst into 突然闯入
③run into 撞上；偶然遇见
④look into 往里看；调查
⑤knock into 撞上
⑥break into 破门而入
[背原句]
[记句式]
[会仿用]
1.The criteria are so strict that it is difficult to get new ideas accepted unless they are truly novel.
(评定)专利标准是很严格的，除非新的想法真是新颖的，否则很难被接受。
so ...that ...“如此……以至于……”，引导结果状语从句。
她那么忙于科研工作以至于让他人好好照顾孩子。
She was so_occupied_with_scientific_research_that she had her child taken good care of.
2.Now it’s a matter of waiting
a matter of
11
and hoping.
现在，只是等待和期望了。
...意为“……的问题”。
科学家们认为克隆人只是一个时间问题。
Scientists believe human cloning is just a_matter_of_time.
3.Follow it up, explore all around it, and before you know it, you will have something worth thinking about to occupy your mind.
跟随它，在它的周围探索，不知不觉中，你将有值得考虑的某些东西占用你的大脑。
本句为“祈使句＋and/or/otherwise＋陈述句”结构。
给我一次机会，我会给你一个惊喜。
Give me a chance, and_I’ll_give_you_a_wonderful_surprise.
1．distinguish vt.& vi.显示……的差别；使……有所不同；辨别
[教材原句] Here was a chance for me to distinguish myself by inventing something merciful that would catch snakes but not harm them.
这回我有机会来表现一下自己，我要发明某种仁慈的东西，既可以把蛇抓到而又不会伤害到它们。
(1)distinguish between ...and ...
区分/辨别……和……
distinguish ...from ... 使……有别于……
distinguish oneself (as ...) (作为……)表现突出
(2)distinguished adj. 卓越的；著名的；杰出的
be distinguished for ... 因……而出名
(3)distinguishable adj. 易分辨的；能区分的
①Reading good books enriches our mind and teaches us to distinguish_between_right_and_wrong.
阅读好书既能丰富我们的知识又能教我们分辨是非。
②It is the superior intelligence and the use of language that distinguish man
11
from the other animals.
正是高超的智力和语言的使用把人和其他动物区别开来。
③Honestly speaking, I admire your distinguished (distinguish) achievements.
诚实地说，我真羡慕你卓越的成就。
2．bear vt.(bore, borne)忍受；忍耐；负担；生育
[教材原句] I cannot bear the smell of burnt sausage on the barbecue.
我不能忍受烤肉架上烤焦的香肠的气味。
(1)can’t bear doing/to do sth. 不能忍受做某事
can’t bear sb./sb.’s doing/to do sth.
不能忍受某人做某事
(2)bear a heavy burden 肩负重担
bear responsibility/the blame 承担责任/受责备
(3)bear/keep sth. in mind 记住……
bear/keep in mind that ... 记住……
①I couldn’t bear to_listen/listening (listen) any longer, so I left the room.
我实在听不下去了，便离开了房间。
②Bearing (bear) a heavy burden, she has to work hard to bring up her children.
肩负重担，她必须努力工作抚养孩子。
③My mother often reminds me to bear/keep_in_mind_that failure is the mother of success.(2014·福建高考书面表达)
妈妈经常提醒我要记住“失败乃成功之母”。
3．associate vt.联想；联系
[经典例句] He is closely associated in the public mind with horror movies.(牛津P104)
在公众心目中，他总是和恐怖电影紧密联系在一起。
(1)associate ...with ... 把……和……联系在一起
be associated with ... 和……有关
associate with sb. 与某人交往或打交道
(2)association n. 联合；联想；交往；协会；团体
in association with ... 与……合伙/合作
①I feel honored to have the chance to live, work and associate with them.
我觉得很荣幸有机会和他们一起生活、工作和相处。
②We are working in association (associate) with a local company to raise money
11
for the homeless.
我们联合一家当地的公司，为无家可归的人筹款。
Ⅰ.基础点全练
单句语法填空/补全句子
1．We should always bear/keep in mind that many traffic accidents arise from drunk driving.
2．The twins are so alike, it’s difficult to distinguish one from the other.
3．The result was out of Harry’s expectation (expect). He looked at the medal in surprise without saying a word.
4．—Why did Bob cry?
—He couldn’t bear being_made (make) fun of like that in front of the whole class.
5．You should seize_the_opportunity_to_work_abroad (抓住这次出国工作的机会) with both hands.
6．I’ll call in two weeks to arrange a meeting at_your_convenience (在您方便的时候)．
Ⅱ.重难点多练
associate多棱镜
(1)用associate的适当形式填空
①The exhibition was organized by the school in association (associate) with local artists.
②As for American children, the Christmas is associated (associate) with excitement, happiness and gifts.
(2)一句多译
有很多严重的健康问题与吸烟有关。
③There are many serious health problems which_are_associated_with_smoking.(使用定语从句)
④There are many serious health problems associated_with_smoking.(使用分词作定语)
⑤There are many serious health problems in_association_with_smoking
11
.(使用介词短语作定语)
Ⅲ.阅读词汇专练
根据语境选出动词seize的词义
(A)抓住 (B)夺取；攻占
(C)逮捕；扣押 (D)把握(机会)
1．If he hadn’t seized the chance of escaping from the burning building, he might have lost his life.__D__
2．He was seizing her by the arm when I saw him.__A__
3．They seized the airport in a surprising attack.__B__
4．A large quantity of drugs was seized last weekend.__C__
1．call up给……打电话；使……回忆起
[教材原句] When I called up my mother in the countryside on the telephone she was very upset.
我给乡下的妈妈打电话时，她非常烦恼。
call at 拜访(某个地点)
call off 取消；停止
call on/upon 拜访(某人)；号召
call for 需求；需要；去接(某人)
call in 邀请；请来
①The saying concerning friendship calls_up_one_unforgettable_thing that I went through last year.(2014·山东高考写作)
关于友谊的这句谚语使我想起了去年我经历的一件难忘的事。
②A wellwritten composition calls for a good choice of words and clear organization among other things.
一篇好的作文还需要选词准确，结构清晰。
[联想发散] 根据汉语提示完成下列与“打电话”有关的短语。
①ring up 给……打电话
②ring/call back 回复电话
③ring off 挂断电话
④give sb. a ring/call 给某人打电话
⑤hang/hold on 不挂断电话
11
2．get through设法联系上(尤指打通电话)；(设法)做完；通过；度过；用完；耗尽
[高考佳句] As is known to us, our friends lend us a hand when we are in trouble and help us get through difficult situations.(2014·重庆高考写作)
众所周知，当我们处境困难时我们的朋友给我们伸出援助之手并帮助我们度过困难时期。
[一词多义] 写出下列句中get through的含义
①I managed to get through the game and the pain was worth it in the end.(设法)做完
②I couldn’t get through to him because his telephone was out of order now and then.打通电话
③She found writing helped her get through the rough days.度过
④Luckily, he got through the exam and his efforts paid off.通过
⑤The little boy got through all his money in just one week and had to ask his mom for some more.用完
get across 被理解；使人了解
get away with 被放过；受到从轻发落
get down to 着手认真做某事
get over 克服
get on 进展；进步
get in 收获
⑥It’s time I got down to thinking (think) about that essay.
是时候我该认真思考一下那篇论文了。
3．Follow_it_up,_explore all around it, and before you know it, you will have something worth thinking about to occupy your mind.
跟随它，在它的周围探索，不知不觉中，你将有值得考虑的某些东西占用你的大脑。
本句为“祈使句＋and＋陈述句”句式。
①Work hard, and you will pass the exam.
努力学习，你会考试及格的。
②Work hard, or/otherwise you will fail the exam.
努力学习，否则你考试会不及格的。
③One more hour, and we will_do (do) the job better.
再给一个小时，我们会把工作做得更好。
[名师指津] 以上结构后面的陈述句多用表示将来意义的时态结构。
11
Ⅰ.基础点全练
1．单句语法填空
①The thief dived into the woman’s pocket and stole the wallet, disappearing into the crowd.
②I’m very busy, so would you please ring off and call me later?
③He pays a visit to his parents in the country now and then.
④The sound of happy laughter called up memories of his childhood.
⑤I have set about applying (apply) to be a volunteer since I learned the information.
⑥It’s high time that I got down to reflecting (reflect) on my mistakes.
2．一句多译
这个超级明星那么平易近人以至于她与粉丝相处得很好。
①This superstar is so_easygoing_that she can get along well with her fans.
②So_easygoing_is_this_superstar that she can get along well with her fans.(倒装)
3．运用所学短语完成下列语段
One day, a student ①called_me_up (给我打电话) abruptly, saying that she graduated and ②set_about (开始做某事) hunting for a job. She is fortunate, because a firm just wants a person to manage files. But only by ③getting_through (通过) the interview can she get the job. She wants to ④seize_the_current_chance (抓住目前的机会) and make full preparations.
Ⅱ.重难点多练
“祈使句＋and/or/otherwise＋陈述句”句式面面观
(1)单句语法填空
①Call (call) me tomorrow, and I’ll let you know the lab result.
②Give up smoking, or/otherwise you may die of lung cancer.
③A bit more effort, I think, and you will_settle (settle) the problem.
(2)一句多译
④如果你更加努力学习，在学习上你就会成功。
a．Work_harder,_and you will succeed in your studies.
b．Working_harder,_you will succeed in your studies.
c．If_you_work_harder,_you will succeed in your studies.
11
Ⅰ.单句语法填空
1．It is so cold and freezing (freeze) that we have to stay at home.
2．I’d like to place things where it is convenient (convenience) to get them.
3．The boy knocked (knock) down by the car was immediately taken to the nearby hospital.
4．Having made up his mind, he set about carrying (carry) out the plan.
5．Your ideas are very interesting, but we need practical (practice) suggestions to get us out of the mess.
6．Tom was lost in reading the novel so he didn’t hear his name called (call)．
7．He is always so busy with his work that he has no choice but to go to see his parents occasionally (occasion)．
8．As soon as I get through with my work I’ll join you.
9．So careless was he that he made a serious mistake.
10．Your letter calls up the days when we worked together on the farms fifteen years ago.
Ⅱ.单句改错
1．Seize the chance and you will regret it.and→or/otherwise
2．Can you tell me how to make myself understand better in my broken English？understand→understood
3．All of us can’t bear people dropped litter everywhere.dropped→dropping
4．We could hear a woman was singing merry in the next room.merry→merrily
5．He was overlooked when they set out choosing a new manager.out→about
6．Pressing the button and the door opens by itself.Pressing→Press
Ⅲ.用本单元所学知识完成下列写作训练
(一)依据提示补全短文
I was doing an experiment when Li Hua called_me_up (给我打电话), telling me he wouldn’t come on time because of the traffic jam. After ringing_off (挂断电话), I set about working. Abruptly (abrupt), the experiment was out_of_order (次序颠倒). Then my teacher came in, and encouraged me to face challenges bravely. Meanwhile (however/meanwhile), he suggested that I should
11
associate_the_experiment_with_what_I_had_learned_in_class (把课堂上所学知识与实验联系起来)．①His words encouraged me todive_into_the_experiment (潜心做实验). Besides, his suggestion was practical (practice). I did it carefully. Finally, I got_through (完成) with it successfully. ② I was grateful to my teacher. ③I’m determined to study hard to live_up_to_his_expectations(达到他的期望)．
(二)按要求将词汇句式升级
1．用本单元高级词汇替换加黑单词或短语
(1)set about working→set_out to work
(2)carefully→cautiously/with_caution
2．按要求改写句式
(1)用强调句型改写句①
It_was_his_words_that encouraged me to dive into the experiment.
(2)用so ... that ...结构连接句②、句③
I was so_grateful_to_my_teacher_that I’m determined to study hard to live up to his expectations.
11
微信/支付宝扫码支付