Unit 5 The Power of Nature Section IV Grammar
学习目标：总结不定式的用法。
学习重点：熟记各种用法，并能正确完成练习题。
学习难点：不定式的完成式及被动式。
学习过程 生命课堂—互动探究
语法知识—预习探究
【观察】
不定式 （原形动词前加to, 构成动词不定式。不定式不做谓语，属于非谓语动词）
不定式的时态，语态
时 态
构 成
一 般 式
to do
完 成 式
to have done
进 行 式
to be doing
一般式：不定式所表示的动作和谓语动词所表示的动作或状态同时发生或几乎同时发生或存在。但多数情况下是在谓语动词所表示的动作之后发生。
They often watch us play football. (同时)
She hopes to go there again. (之后发生)
完成式：不定式所表示的动作或状态发生在谓语动词所表示动作或状态之前。
I’m glad to have seen your mother yesterday.
The novel is believed to have been translated into Chinese.
注：用在intended, expected, meant, hoped，promised, wanted, planned, wished, thought, desired, was, were等后，表示过去没有实现的愿望，期待或计划等，也用来表示先于谓语动词发生的动作或状态。
He wanted to have met (=had wanted to meet) you at the airport, but he didn’t get there in time. 他原想去机场接你，但他没及时赶到那儿。（没接成）
We planned to have done (had planned to do) good deeds for the poor people last month.
我们原计划上个月为贫困的人们做些好事。（没做成）。
进行式：当谓语动词的动作或状态发生时，不定式动词所表示动作正在进行时，用进行时。 They seemed to be talking about you.
4
He pretended to be sleeping.
注：不定式的进行式可表示将来。
He is believed to be coming
不定式的进行式还可表示逐渐地变化
The weather seems to be improving
不定式的被动语态
被 动 语 态
构 成
一 般 式
to be done
完 成 式
to have been done
▲在下列情况下要用被动语态
（1） 当句子的主语是这个不定式所表示动作的承受者。
She is glad to be taken to the Great Wall.
(2) 当不定式所修饰的名词是此不定式的逻辑宾语且句中又没有它的逻辑主语时。
He wanted the letter to be typed at once.
(3) 当句子的主语是不定式的逻辑宾语时，且不定式本身又带有一个宾语时，
She is too nervous to be told such a bad news.
I’m glad to be given a gold ring.
(4) 当句子的主语和表语指同一人或物，不定式修饰这个表语名词，且与这个名词有动宾关系时。
He is a man to be trusted
(5) 不定式做定语，且与所修饰的名词有动宾关系时。
The plan to be made is a five-year plan.
▲ 不定式的主动语态表示被动含义。
（1） 当不定式与最近的名词（代词）有动宾关系，且与句中另一个名词（代词）有主谓关系。
He has nothing to eat
I’ll give you a book to read
（2） 当不定式在“主+表（形容词）”结构中做状语，且句中主语是这个不定式的逻辑宾语时。
The text is easy to recite.
(3) 当不定式修饰there be /here be 引导的句子中的主语时。
There are two tractors to repair.
Here is a baby to take care of.
4
注：在there be 结构中，当说话人考虑的是必须有人去完成某件事时，不定式用主动形式；如果说话人强调的是事情本身必须被完成，则用被动形式。
There is a lot of work to do. ( Someone has to do the work)
There is a lot of work to be done. ( The work has to be done)
(4) to let, to blame 则只用主动语态。
The house is to let
I’m to blame
【活用】Who is ______(blame) for the broken computer?
补充练习：单句语法填空
1．The heavy snow made ________ difficult for them to drive on.
2．He is proud ________ his mother. All ________ all, he thinks highly of her.
3．I had difficulty ________ (handle) the problem.
4．He is out ________ breath while climbing the stairs.
5．I was too weak ________(support) myself.
6．I don't know how to adapt ________ the new environment.
7．__________ spite of the heavy rain, he went to school as usual.
8．Don't make fun ________ her. ________ other words, you should respect her.
9．This film is well worth ________ (see)．
10．Tom, as well as his parents, ________(go) camping next Sunday.
11．The cinema is ________ (access) to the disabled.
12．It is ________ (hand) to live near the working place.
13．My grandfather had trouble ________ (hear)．
14．If it is ________ (convenience) to you, I will call on you tomorrow.
15．She asked for her parents' ________(approve) before applying for the job.
16．He often gives ________ (assist) to the people in need.
17．At the ________ (graduate) ceremony, he delivered a speech.
18．The pleasant climate is ________ (comfort) to live.
19．Her ________ (suggest) are practical.
20．I want to express my sincere ________ (congratulate) on your success.
4
Unit 5 The Power of Nature
Section IV Grammar
【活用】1. living in such a competitive world; Knowing that you have your own ideas
2. Not having received the admission notice; Having been discouraged so many times
【高考链接】1-4 BCAC
4
微信/支付宝扫码支付