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必修一 Unit1 friendship
Language points
Teaching goals 教学目标
1. Target language目标语言
a. 重点词汇和短语
suffer, settle, realize, worry about, have got to, tie up
b. 重点句子
Chuck said he would take care of him.
She asked if I had got e-mails from my friends.
Father asked Anne when she went to bed the night before.
2. Ability goals 能力目标
Learn Direct Speech and Indirect Speech (statements and questions).
3. Learning ability goals 学能目标
Let Ss learn how to use Direct Speech and Indirect Speech (statements and questions).
Teaching important points教学重点
a. The use of Direct Speech and Indirect Speech (statements and questions).
b. Change the Direct Speech into Indirect Speech and
Indirect into Direct.
Teaching difficult points教学难点
a. How to teach the Ss to master the usage of Direct Speech and
Indirect Speech (statements and questions).
b. Find out the difference between direct speech and indirect speech.
Teaching methods教学方法
Teach grammar in real situations.
Learn grammar through practice.
Teaching aids教具准备
A projector.
A blackboard.
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Teaching procedures & ways教学过程与方式
Step I Revision
Check Ss’ homework. (Collecting materials)
Why God Gave Us Friends
GOD Knew That Everyone Needs
Companionship And Cheer,
He Knew That People Need Someone
Whose Thoughts Are Always Near.
He Knew They Need Someone Kind
To Lend A Helping Hand.
Someone To Gladly Take The Time
To Care And Understand.
GOD Knew That We All Need Someone
To Share Each Happy Day,
To Be A Source Of Courage
When Troubles Come Our Way.
Someone To Be True To Us,
Whether Near Or Far Apart.
Someone Whose Love We’ll Always
Hold And Treasure In Our Hearts.
That’s Why God Gave Us Friends
Friendship
Friendship is one of the greatest pleasures that people can enjoy． It is very difficult to find a better definition of friendship．A true friend does indeed find pleasure in our joy and share sorrow in our grief． In time of trial， he or she is always at our side to give us his or her help and comfort．
Knowing how valuable friendship is，we should be very careful in our choice of a friend．We must choose someone who has a good character，whose activities are good and who shows kindness of heart．We should avoid those shallow people who are easily changed by adversities or misfortune．
A true friend can always be trusted，loved and respected．If you tell a friend your secrets，he or she won’t tell anyone else．Friends share each other’s joys and sorrows．They help each other when they are in trouble，and cheer each other up when they are sad．The most important thing is that a friend always understands you．In
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conclusion，when you have made a good friend，don’t forget him or her．
Step II Word study
This part is a consolidation of the words learnt in this unit. Ask the Ss to do the exercise independently.
T: Now please open your books and turn to Page
4. First let’s learn about language. Use the word they’ve learnt in this unit to fill in the blanks. Complete the sentences with suitable words in correct forms.
Step III Preparation
Get a pair of students to stand up and act as Anne and Kitty. It’s time for the teacher to be the interpreter between them. Encourage both sides to give different sentences, including statements and questions.
T: Having a friend like Kitty, do you think it a bit difficult to understand each other? Now let me come and help you.
Sa: I have grown crazy about nature.
T: Anne said she had grown crazy about nature.
Sb: When did you begin to feel like this?
T: Kitty asked when Anne began to feel like that.
...
Step IV Grammar
The Ss will learn the use of Direct Speech and Indirect Speech (statements and questions). First try to make clear to the Ss what direct and indirect speech is, with the help of the practice in Step III. Then give them some examples. At last get them to summarize the rules of Direct Speech and Indirect Speech (statements and questions).
T: In this part, we are to learn the use of Direct Speech and Indirect Speech (statements and questions). When do we use Direct Speech and when do we use Indirect Speech?
Ss: We use Direct Speech when we want to show the exact words. Use quotation marks to show that you are reporting the words and a reporting clause which includes information about the speaker. Use a comma to connect the quotation and the reporting clause.
T: Here is a situation. You met your former classmates Mary studying in the middle school. The following is what Mary told you. Later that day, you told another friend what Mary said to you. Change the sentences into Indirect Speech and find out when we use Indirect Speech, what we need to change.
1. I will do anything to get close to nature.
2. Some people don’t understand me.
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3. I’ll stick to do my research work.
4. I have to stay out in the woods for a few days camping.
5. Would you like to go camping with me?
6. How are you getting on with your study?
Ss: 1. Mary said she would do anything to get close to nature.
2. Mary said some people didn’t understand her.
3. Mary told me that she would stick to do her research work.
4. Mary told me that she had to stay out in the woods for a few days camping.
5. Mary asked if / whether I would like to go camping with her.
6. Mary asked how I was getting on with my study.
Show typical examples of turning direct speech into indirect speech. Guide the Ss to find out what changes we have to make in verb tenses, pronoun forms, and word order and so on.
Group work is advisable here so that the Ss can enjoy the pleasure and efficiency of working together. Ss write down what they have found and then present it.
Be ready to answer the questions from the Ss. Now comes the teacher’s turn to give a summary,.
Sentence structure
Direct speech
Indirect speech
Declarative
Positive
He said, “I passed this exam.”
He said he had passed that exam.
Negative
Lucy said, “I can’t finish reading the book this afternoon”
Lucy told me that she couldn’t finish reading the book that afternoon
Interrogative
“Are you going to mail this gift?” Tom asked Bob.
Tom asked Bob if he was going to mail that gift.
Special Interrogative
“How can I solve the problem?” Jane asked me.
Jane asked me how she could solve the problem.
Imperative
“Don’t talk in class” said Mr. Green.
Mr. Green ordered me not to talk in class.
Exclamatory
“How silly the boy is!” Peter exclaimed.
Peter told me how silly the boy was.
T: Now please find out what changes we have to make in verb tenses, pronoun forms, word order and so on in groups of 4.
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Ss write down what they have found and then present it.
T: Now let’s summarize the rules of Direct Speech and
Indirect Speech
Direct Speech
Indirect Speech
Sentence structure
Declarative
Say /tell sb. (that) +clause
Interrogative
Ask/ wonder whether/if + statement order
Special Interrogative
Ask/ wonder + wh-word + statement order
Interrogative
Ask/tell / order sb. (not ) to do
Explanative
Tell sb. what / how + statement order
Tense
Present
Past
Past
past perfect
Present perfect
Past perfect
Past perfect
Past perfect
Present continuous
Past continuous
Future
Past future
Pronoun
First person
Third person
Second person
First or third person
this
That
These
Those
Adverbial of time
Now
Then
Today
That day
Yesterday
The day before
This week/month
That week/month
Last week/month
The week/month before
Three days ago
Three days before
Tomorrow
The next day / the following day
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Adverbial of place
here
there
This place
That place
These places
Those places
Verb
Come
Go
bring
Take
There are some cases in which we don’t need to change the tense.
Case
Direct speech
Indirect speech
a truth
He said, “The earth goes around the sun.”
He said that the earth goes around the sun.
timetable
He said, “The plane takes off at 6:30 a.m.”
He said that the plane takes off at 6:30a. m.
a saying
a proverb
a quotation
He said, “Where there is a will, there is a way.”
He said that where there is a will, there is a way.
an adverbial indicting the past:
Mr. Wang said, “I was born in September, 1972.”
Mr. Wang said，“he was born in September, 1972.”
Step V Practice
For Ex 1, get the Ss to look at the sentences carefully in pairs in order to find out the difference between direct speech and indirect speech. Guide the Ss to find out the changes in pronoun forms, word order, adverbials and so on, especially the verb tenses, the underline parts.
Ask the Ss to pay attention to the reporting clause.
For Ex 2, ask the Ss to do it by themselves, then check the answers by asking some Ss to read aloud their answers.
T: Please look at the sentences carefully in pairs in order to find out the difference between direct speech and indirect speech in pronoun forms, word order, adverbials and so on, especially the verb tenses, the underline parts.
The Ss are finding out the difference and changes.
T: Now, you’ve known the difference and the changes in pronoun forms, word order, adverbials and so on, especially the verb tenses. How about the reporting clause?
S1: The reporting clause may come before, within, or after the direct speech. When the reporting clause comes after the direct speech, the order of the subject and the verb may be changed. E.g. Jane said / said Jane. This typically happens when the reporting clause is within the reported speech and the subject is not a pronoun.
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S2: Use a comma to connect the direct speech and the reporting clause.
T: Quite right. Now let’s deal with Ex2, change the direct speech into indirect speech and indirect into direct, paying attention to the difference and changes in pronoun forms, word order, adverbials and so on, especially the verb tenses. Please do it by yourselves.
The Ss are practicing Ex 2.
T: OK, let’s check the answers by asking some Ss to read aloud their answers.
Ss: ...
Step VI Homework
1. Practice of WB (P42.1 &&P 43.2)
2. Ask the Ss to think out different ways to solve the problems about making friends, preparing the materials about the debate. Get the Ss to know the problem was that Anne had made a friend in the hiding place — the son of another family hiding with them, but her father was not happy about this. The topic is: How do you help to solve the problem between Anne and her father. Do you agree with Anne or her father? Use specific reasons to support your solutions.
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