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必修一 Unit1 friendship
Language points
1. -ship: friendship championship relationship
2. add up, add up to, add to… , add… to …
add up to join numbers, amount, etc so as to find the total 相加
add up to to amount to 总计达,加起来等于
add to… to increase 增加困难/友谊等
add…to … to put together with something else to increase the number 加,添加
e.g. Add up these figures for me, please.
Every time I add up these figures I get a different answer.
The students add up to over 1000 in our school.
The money he spent added up to more than $1000.
What he did has added to our difficulties. The bad weather added to our difficulties.
Please add something to what I’ve said, John.
She added sugar to her tea.
3. upset adj & v. 难过的,不舒服的; 打翻,打乱,使心烦使不舒服
You looked upset –what’s happened?
He was upset at not being invited. He has an upset stomach.
He upset his milk.
All my plans were upset by the sudden change in weather.
Try not to upset yourself about losing your job. The news quite upset him.
She upset her stomach by eating too much rich food.
4. ignore v. 不顾,不理,忽视 ignorant adj. 愚蠢的 be ignorant of /about 不知道的
You’ve been ignoring me. 你一直不把我放在眼里。
I said hello to her, but she ignored me completely! 我向她打招呼,她根本不理我。
I can’t ignore his rudeness any longer. 他粗暴无礼, 我再也不能不闻不问了。
5. calm adj. 平稳,风平浪静& v. 使…平静
It was a beautiful morning, calm and serene.
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You should keep calm even in face of danger.
Have a brandy it’ll help to calm you (down).
His rage was soon calmed down by the rustic peace. 乡村的宁静很快使他的怒气平静下来。
I told myself to calm down.
6. have got to / have to 必须,不得不
I’ve got to/ have to go to work by bus tomorrow. (责任或义务)
You’ve got to / have to try this new recipe—it’s delicious. (劝告或建议)
You haven’t got to take flowers. You don’t have to knock—just walk in.
Why have you got to take these tablets? Does she have to stay at home every night?
表示习惯性动作,尤其是当句中含有always, often ,sometimes 等频率副词时,应使用have to
Have got to 很少用于过去时, 而have to 用于过去时, 还可与情态动词、助动词连用，还可用于完成时结构
Did you have to pay a fine?
He may have to cancel his plan.
These two days I have had to take a rest.
7. concern v. 涉及， 关系到; n.担心
The news concerns your sister. 这则消息和你的姐姐有关。
More than one person has been concerned in this affair. 不只一人牵涉到这件事。
He asked all concerned people to take an active part in the movement.
be concerned about / for /over/ with / that… 担心的，烦恼的，忧虑的,为……担心
be concerned in / with 与……有关连
We are all concerned for his safety.
I’m concerned that they may have got lost.
as/so far as… is concerned 就……来说/ 而言
As far as I’m concerned, the whole idea is crazy.
As far as I’m concerned you can do what you like. 对我个人来说，你怎么做都可以。
The car is fine as far as the engine is concerned but the bodywork needs a lot of attention.这辆汽车发动机还不错，但车身需要大修。
There is growing concern that they may have been killed.现在越来越担心他们可能已遭杀害。
8. While waling the dog, you were careless and it got loose.
When(you are) crossing the road, you should be careful.
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The country singers were playing the guitar while (they were ) singing.
walk the dog 溜狗 walk her to a place 送她去个地方 walk sb home / to school
9. loose adj. 松散的，未固定的，无束缚的，自由的 loosen v.
a loose floorboard A piece of stair carpet had come loose.
A loose sweatshirt Somehow the horses had broken loose during the night.
Don’t let your dog loose if there are any sheep around.
Do they sell these olives loose? Do you like loose tea or teabags? set sb loose
cut loose 去掉影响 let sb loose on sth 让某人随意做某事 be at a loose end / be at loose ends 无所事事,闲着 loose ends 未完成的部分 loose change 零钱 hang / stay loose 别紧张
10. go through 经历，仔细检查，看一遍，用完
The country has gone through too many wars.经历
I always start the day by going through my mail.仔细查阅
Let’s go through the arguments again.研究
He went through all the money his father gave him.用完
I’ve gone through the elbows of my sweater.磨破
She decided not to go through with the project.她决定不做项目。
11. Do you want to have a friend whom you could tell everything to, like your deepest feelings and thoughts?定语从句 like 是介词
I don’t want to set down a series of facts in a diary like most people do. Like 是连词
12. She and her family hid away for two years before they were discovered.
Before I could get in a word he had measured me . 不等…就…
It will be three years before we meet again. …之后才…
It was not long before we discovered the secret. 不久就…
Do it now before you forget. 趁着，免得…
13. make her diary her best friend （宾补结构 宾语是什么，怎么样，做什么）
make him do the work make him angry let him in
14. hide –hid –hidden vi. & vt.
My girlfriend keeps hiding my cigarrete. Keep sth hidden
Hide sth in / under/ behind hide in / behind
Harry hid under the bed until they had gone. He hid the boy behind the door.
Hide sb/ sth from sb /sth 藏/ 瞒
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an attempt to hide her children from their violent father
Don’t try to hide anything from me.
I had nothing to hide.
15. set down
I wanted to set my feelings down on paper. 记下，写下
The club rules are set down in its constitution. 制定
The driver set her down at the station. 让…下车
16. a series of
The theory is based on a series of wrong assumptions.这一理论是以一系列错误的设想为依据的。
A series of mischance happened. 一连串不幸的事发生了。
The overthrow of that lawful regime has resulted in a series of riot. 合法政权被推翻导致一连串的暴乱。
17. I wonder if it’s because I haven’t been able to be outdoors for so long that I’ve grown so crazy about everything to do with nature.
outdoors adv. I reckon it’s warm enough to eat outdoors this evening.
outdoor adj. outdoor sport leading an outdoor life
It is / was because … It is because the parents are concerned about their children’s safety.
so/ such … that… The little boy was so upset that he ignored what was going around him.
It was such good weather that we all loved to stay outdoors.
18. on purpose by chance / accident
Jack’s been really annoying me and I think he’s doing it on purpose.
19. in order to in order that … so as to … to do … 表目的
in order not to / so as not to…
In order to earn enough money, he worked late into the night.
In order to maintain physical well being, a person should eat wholesome food and get sufficient exercise.
We started early in order to / so as to / to arrive before dark.
Check the names carefully in order to / so as to / to avoid mistakes.
20. I can well remember that there was a time when a deep blue sky, the song of the birds, moonlight and flowers could never have kept me spellbound.
1) a spellbinding tale
The storyteller held his audience spellbound.
2)well adv. Quite, much, thoroughly, in good way 非常，彻底，完全，好
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It’s well worth trying. He is well past fifty.
I hope everything is going well with you.
3) there was a time when …定语从句
There was a time when black people were sold in the market.
4) can/could +have done表示对过去发生的事情的一种推测
The car was too small. It couldn’t have been a comfortable journey.
系动词：be, smell, sound, look, taste, feel, become, go get, grow, fall, run, turn, look, seem appear, stay, keep, come, stand, remain, lie, prove
21. too much +n. / much too +adj./ adv.
22. dare v. & aux. 敢
作为情态动词，用于疑问、否定和条件句中，不用于肯定句；没有人称和数的变化，有现在时态dare和过去时态dared；dare后面通常不接带to的不定式
How dare you ask me such a question?
He daren’t speak English before such a crowd, dare he?
If you dare speak to me like that again, you will be sorry.
作为实义动词，有时态、人称和数的变化， dare 后面通常接to 不定式
Do you dare to say that I am not honest?
He is a man who dares to say what he thinks.
I didn’t dare open a window.
Does he dare go out at night in such stormy weather?
I dare say 我认为，我猜
I dare say you’ve spent all your money by now.
23. at dusk The street lights go on at dusk.
24. thunder n. & v.
the thunder of gunfire a clap of thunder a face like thunder
The children came thundering downstairs.
25. entire adj. entirely adv. entirety n.
the entire staff We spent th entire afternoon gossiping. an entirely different matter
She devoted herself entirely to her research.
The program consists entirely of taped interviews with survivors of the Holocaust.
26. power n.
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We all felt that the chairman had too much power.
She has a lot of power over the people in her team.
be in power come / rise to power get into power return to power take /seize/lose power 执政
earning / purchasing /bargaining power 购买力等 student power / black power/ parent power
unclear/wind / solar power lose / out of power 熄火 air power /sea power 海军实力
be in one’s power to do sth 有权力去做 be in one’s power 在某人控制下
be beyond / outside sb’s power to do sth 无权或无能力
do everything in your power to do 尽全力
do sb a power of good 对某人大有好处
27. face to face
shoulder to shoulder one by one door by door neck to neck
hand in hand day by day little by little
28. according to 根据
According to Anne, a true friend is a person whom you can trust.
You’ve been in prison six times according to our records.
29. suffer v. 受苦；经历，遭受
We suffered huge losses in the financial crisis.
He suffered terribly when his mother died.
Do you often suffer from headaches?
30. communicate v. 传达，沟通
The officer communicated his orders to the men by radio.
When he was in prison he was not allowed to communicate with his family.
31. ... but your friend can’t go until he / she finishes cleaning the bicycle.
Not/ never/ no… until…
She won’t go away until you promise to help her.
Not until you promise to help her will she go away.
It was not until you promised to help her that she went away.
32. …he /she broke it and you had to pay to get it repaired.
get sb to do You’ll never get him to understand (have / make him understand).
get sb doing Can you really get that old car going again?
get sth done It is necessary to get / have my fridge fixed
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33. lonely / alone feel lonely a lonely island
He lives /works alone.
The baby can’t even walk, let alone run.
Let the dog alone; he’ll bite you if you pull its tail.
Time alone will show who was right.
34. have some (no, much, great, little) trouble with sth
have some (no, much, great, little) trouble/ difficulty (in) doing sth
35 join become a member of Is it true that he joined the army in 1960?
join in = take part in May I join in the game?
join sb in sth Will you join us in a walk?
take part in , participate in
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