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必修一 Unit2 English around the world
Grammar
Aims: To discover useful words and expressions; To discover useful structures
Procedures
I. Direct and Indirect Speech
Direct Speech
Indirect Speech
simple present
He said, “I go to school every day.”
simple past
He said (that) he went to school every day.
simple past
He said, “I went to school every day.”
past perfect
He said (that) he had gone to school every day.
present perfect : He said, “I have gone to school every day.”
past perfect
He said (that) he had gone to school every day.
present progressive: He said, “I am going to school every day.”
past progressive
He said (that) he was going to school every day.
past progressive: He said, “I was going to school every day.”
perfect progressive
He said (that) he had been going to school every day,
future (will)
He said, “I will go to school every day.”
would + verb name
He said (that) he would go to school every day.
future (going to)
He said, “I am going to school every day.”
present progressive
He said (that) he is going to school every day.
past progressive
He said (that) he was going to school every day
Direct Speech
Indirect Speech
auxiliary + verb name
He said, “Do you go to school every day?”
He said, “Where do you go to school?”
simple past
He asked me if I went to school every day.*
He asked me where I went to school.
Imperative
He said, “Go to school every day.”
infinitive
He said to go to school every day.
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Direct Speech
Indirect Speech
simple present + simple present
He says, “I go to school every day.”
simple present + simple present
He says (that) he goes to school every day.
present perfect + simple present
He has said, “I go to school every day.”
present perfect + simple present
He has said (that) he goes to school every day.
past progressive + simple past
He was saying, “I went to school every day.”
past progressive + simple past
He was saying (that) he went to school every day.
past progressive + past perfect
He was saying (that) he had gone to school every day.
Direct Speech
Indirect Speech
can
He said, “I can go to school every day.”
could
He said (that) he could go to school every day.
May
He said, “I may go to school every day.”
might
He said (that) he might go to school every day.
Might: He said, “I might go to school every day.”
must
He said, “I must go to school every day.”
had to
He said (that) he had to go to school every day.
have to: He said, “I have to go to school every day.”
Should: He said, “I should go to school every day.”
should
He said (that) he should go to school every day.
ought to: He said, “I ought to go to school every day.”
ought to
He said (that) he ought to go to school every day.
II. Discovering useful words and expressions
1. Work in pairs. Do exercises 1, 2, 3 and 4. Then check the answer you’re your classmates. The teacher helps the students discover the difference in prepositions.
2. Play the tape for the students to listen and ask them to mark the sentence stress and intonation. Then practice reading in pairs.
(The teacher brings the students’ attention to the British and American words that are different but have the same meaning.)
III. Discovering useful structures
(Making commands and requests using indirect speech)
1. In groups of four, think of at least three commands your teachers and parents usually give.
You may follow these steps.
1) Choose one who is to give the first command.
2) Ask another person in your group to tell somebody what you said.
3) The third person will change the request or command from direct into indirect speech.
4) Change role so that each person gets the chance to give commands and turn them into indirect speech.
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Example:
T: Please don’t talk in class.
S1: What did our teacher tell us? / What did our teacher say?
S2: He told/asked us not to talk in class. / She said not to talk in class.
2. Get the students thinking about the difference between the request and command.
Then read the replies and decide whether they are in answer to a request or a command. Write the sentence down.
★ A: _______________________________________
B: I’ll go and collect some wood right now, master.
★ A: _______________________________________
B: Of course I’ll be happy to collect your shopping for you.
★ A:__________________________________________
B: Yes. I’ll shut the door at once, Mr. Zhang.
★ A:_________________________________________
B: No, I won’t get your coat if you talk to me like that.
★ A:_________________________________________
B: Sorry. I’ll get that book for you right now.
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