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Unit 5 Nelson Mandela a modern hero
纳尔逊·曼德拉的一生充满激情，他每天都在为自由而战。他不仅仅是一位伟人，更是一位英雄。
Nelson Mandela, who was the first black president of South Africa, passed away on Dec.5，2013.His death is a great loss(损失) to the whole world.
Nelson Mandela grew up in South Africa with a government that did not consider black people equal(平等的) to white people.But Nelson Mandela was a fighter.He refused to accept this unfair idea of the government and began to fight to make South Africa a fair country for everybody.He became the leader of a political movement called the African National Congress (ANC)，and did everything he could to encourage the government to change their ideas.He was in prison for 27 years.This was a terrible prison where people had
to work hard all day and were treated(对待) very badly.Then in 1990, Nelson Mandela was freed and it was the beginning of the end for the unfair government of South Africa.Less than five years after he was set free, Mr.Mandela was given the Nobel Peace Prize and elected(选举) as the first black president of South Africa.Today, thanks to the brave fight by Nelson Mandela, the government of South Africa has become fairer.Now everyone in South Africa can enjoy comfortable and happy lives at home and at work.Nelson Mandela is one of the world’s true freedom fighters, and his life will be remembered long after the world has forgotten the earlier unfair government
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of South Africa.
Though dead, he will live in our heart forever.
Section Ⅰ Warming Up & Reading—Comprehending
重点单词
写作词汇
1.quality n． 质量；品质；性质
2.mean adj. 吝啬的；自私的；卑鄙的
3.generous adj. 慷慨的；大方的
4.found vt. 建立；建设
5.principle n． 法则；原则；原理
6.stage n. 舞台；阶段；时期
7.vote vt.&vi. 投票；选举
n. 投票；选票；表决
8.attack vt. 进攻；攻击；抨击
拓展词汇
9.active adj.积极的；活跃的→actively adv.积极地→activity n．活动
10.devote vt.(与to连用)献身；专心于→devoted adj.忠实的；深爱的→devotion n．热爱；献身；奉献
11.peaceful adj.和平的；平静的；安宁的→peacefully adv.和平地→peace n．和平；平静；和睦
12.guidance n．指导；领导→guide v．指导；带领
13.hopeful adj.怀有希望的；有希望的→hope n．希望；愿望
14.violence n．暴力；暴行→violent adj.暴力的；猛烈的→violently adv.猛烈地
15.equal adj.相等的；平等的→equality n．平等；相等→equally adv.同样地；相等地；公平地
16.self n．自我；自身→selfish adj.自私的→selfless adj.无私的；忘我的→selflessly adv.无私地；忘我地
17.legal adj.法律的；依照法律的→illegal adj.(反义词) 非法的；违法的
18.youth n．青年；青年时期→young adj.年轻的
19.lawyer n．律师→law n．法律
20.willing adj.乐意的；自愿的→unwilling adj.不乐意的
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阅读词汇
21.warmhearted adj. 热心肠的
22.easygoing adj. 随和的；温和宽容的
23.republic n. 共和国；共和政体
24.giant adj. 巨大的；庞大的
25.mankind n. 人类
26.league n. 同盟；联盟；联合会
重点短语
1.out of work 失业
2.as a matter of fact 事实上
3.in trouble 在危险、受罚、痛苦、忧虑等的处境中
4.turn to 求助于；致力于
5.blow up 使充气；爆炸
6.be grateful for 对……感激
7.die for 为……而死
8.achieve one’s dream 实现梦想
重点句型
1.This is/was a time when...这是一个……时期
However, this was a time when(这是一个……时期) one had got to have a passbook to live in Johannesburg.
2.where引导的定语从句，修饰抽象地点名词stage
The last thirty years have seen the greatest number of laws stopping our rights and progress, until today we have reached a stage where we have almost no rights at all_(几乎什么权利都没有的阶段).
3.which 引导定语从句，修饰先行词way并在从句中作主语
We first broke the law in a way which was peaceful(用和平的方式); when this was not allowed...
4.only＋状语置于句首要部分倒装
Only then did we decide to(只有那个时候我们才决定) answer violence with violence.
5.It’s no pleasure doing sth.做某事没有乐趣
It’s no pleasure looking through these any longer(观看这些已经不再是乐趣) because nature is one thing that really must be experienced.
Fastreading
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Skim the text and choose the best answer.
1．What’s the main idea of the text?
A．The life of black workers.
B．The fight between Mandela and the white people.
C．The stories between Mandela and Elias.
D．The education of Elias.
答案：C
2．Match the main idea of each part.
Part 1：Paras. 1－2 A．The change of Elias’ life after he met Nelson Mandela and what
Mandela did.
Part 2：Paras. 3－7 B．The life of Elias before he met Nelson Mandela.
答案：BA
Carefulreading
Read the text and choose the best answer according to the text.
1．Why did Elias have to leave school?
A．He didn’t have a passbook.
B．His home was far from the school.
C．His family couldn’t afford the school fees.
D．He couldn’t read or write.
2．Nelson Mandela opened a black law firm in order to________．
A．make money
B．help the poor black people with their problems
C．make himself famous
D．study law
3．How did Nelson Mandela help Elias keep his job?
A．He talked with Elias’ boss.
B．He helped him get the correct papers.
C．He lent him some money.
D．He asked him to go to court.
4．What dream did Nelson Mandela have?
A．To become the president of South Africa.
B．To win the Nobel Peace Prize.
C．To make black and white people equal.
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D．To blow up some government buildings.
答案：1－4.CBBC
Studyreading
Analyze the following difficult sentences in the text.
1．The time when I first met Nelson Mandela was a very difficult period of my life.
[翻译] 第一次见到纳尔逊·曼德拉的时候，是我一生中非常艰难的时期。
2．However，this was a time when one had got to have a passbook to live in Johannesburg.
[翻译] 然而在那个时候，一个人要想住在约翰内斯堡就非得要有身份证不可。
3．Sadly I did not have one because I was not born there, and I worried about whether I would become out of work.
[翻译] 不幸的是我没有这个证件，因为我不是在那里出生的，我很担心自己会失业。
4．We were put into a position in which we had either to accept we were less important, or fight the government.
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[翻译] 我们被置于这样一个境地：要么被迫接受低人一等的现实，要么跟政府作斗争。
①lawyer['lɔːjə]n.律师
②guidance['ɡaIdəns]n.指导；领导
under the guidance of sb.＝under one’s guidance在某人的指导下
③legal['liːɡl]adj.法律的；依照法律的
illegal adj.非法的
④be generous with 在……方面慷慨大方
⑤fee[fiː]n.费(会费、学费等)；酬金
⑥fare[feə]n.费用
⑦passbook['pɑːsˌbʊk]n.南非共和国有色人种的身份证
⑧out of work失业
⑨papers['peɪpəz]n.证件
⑩hopeful['həʊpfl]adj.怀有希望的；有希望的
⑪youth[juːθ]n.青年；青年时期
⑫league[liːɡ]n.同盟；联盟；联合会
Youth League青年团
⑬stage[steIdʒ]n.舞台；阶段；时期
⑭vote[vəʊt]vt.& vi.投票；选举 n．投票；选票；表决
⑮position[pə'zɪʃn]n.状况；地位；位置；职位
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position后接定语从句时，若关系词在从句中作状语则用where或in which。
⑯attack[ə'tæk]vt.进攻；攻击；抨击
⑰allow[ə'laʊ]v.允许；准许
⑱violence['vaIələns]n.暴力；暴行
⑲as a matter of fact 事实上
⑳blow up 使充气；爆炸
6put sb. in prison 将某人关进监狱
同义短语：send sb. to prison; throw sb. into prison
7achieve[ə'tʃiːv]vt. 达到；完成
8equal['iːkwəl]adj. 相等的；平等的
【核心素养链接·文化采风】
1．曼德拉(Nelson Rolihlahla Mandela)，1918年7月18日出生于南非特兰斯凯，先后获南非大学文学士和威特沃特斯兰德大学律师资格，是南非著名的反种族隔离革命家、政治家和慈善家。1993年，曼德拉被授予诺贝尔和平奖。2004年，曼德拉被选为最伟大的南非人。2013年12月6日，曼德拉在约翰内斯堡住所去世，享年95岁。
2．约翰内斯堡(Johannesburg)，南非第一大城市及第一大港，著名的“黄金之城”，是南非共和国经济、政治、文化、旅游及航运中心，世界著名的国际大都市，拥有人口388.81万，其中半数以上是黑人。
ELIAS’ STORY
My name is Elias. I am a poor black worker in South Africa.The time when I first met Nelson Mandela was a very difficult period of my life. I was twelve years old. It was in 1952 and Mandela was the black lawyer①to whom I went for advice．He offered guidance② to poor black people on their legal③problems. He was generous with④ his time, for which I was grateful．
◆when在此引导定语从句，修饰先行词The time。
◆to whom在此引导定语从句，修饰先行词the black lawyer。介词to与从句中的went搭配(go to sb.for advice去某人处寻求建议)。
◆for which在此引导非限制性定语从句，修饰前面的整个句子。介词for与从句中的grateful搭配(be grateful for sth.对某事非常感激)。
I needed his help because I had very little education. I began school at six. The school where I studied for only two years was three kilometres away. I had to
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leave because my family could not continue to pay the school fees⑤and the bus fare⑥. I could not read or write well. After trying hard, I got a job in a gold mine. However, this was a time when one had got to have a passbook⑦ to live in Johannesburg．Sadly I did not have one because I was not born there, and I worried about whether I would become out of work⑧.
◆where在此引导定语从句，修饰先行词The school。
◆“this was a time when...”是常考句式，其中when引导定语从句，修饰先行词a time。
The day when Nelson Mandela helped me was one of my happiest. He told me how to get the correct papers⑨ so I could stay in Johannesburg. I became more hopeful⑩ about my future.I never forgot how kind Mandela was.When he organized the ANC Youth⑪League⑫， I joined it as soon as I could.He said：
◆when在此引导定语从句，修饰先行词The day。
◆how to get为“特殊疑问词＋动词不定式”结构，在此处作told的直接宾语。
“The last thirty years have seen the greatest number of laws stopping our rights and progress, until today we have reached a stage⑬where we have almost no rights at all.”
◆本句中“The last thirty years”为无生命名词短语作主语；“have seen the... rights and progress”为“see＋宾语＋宾补”结构，其中“stopping our rights and progress”为现在分词短语作宾补；“where we have almost no rights at all”为where引导的定语从句，修饰先行词a stage。
It was the truth.Black people could not vote⑭or choose their leaders. They could not get the jobs they wanted.The parts of town in which they had to live were decided by white people.The places outside the towns where they were sent to live were the poorest parts of South Africa.No one could grow food there.In fact as Nelson Mandela said：
◆in which在此引导定语从句，修饰先行词The parts of town。
◆where在此引导定语从句，修饰先行词The places outside the towns。
“...we were put into a position⑮ in which we had either to accept we were less important，or fight the government．We chose to attack⑯the laws. We first broke the law in a way which was peaceful; when this was not allowed⑰...only then did we decide to answer violence⑱with violence.”
◆in which在此引导定语从句，修饰先行词a position，其中“either...or...”连接了两个不定式短语to accept...和(to) fight the government。
◆which在此引导定语从句，修饰先行词a way。
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◆此处“only＋状语”位于句首，句子用了部分倒装结构；“only＋状语从句”位于句首时，主句要用部分倒装结构。
As a matter of fact⑲， I do not like violence ...but in 1963 I helped him blow up⑳some government buildings. It was very dangerous because if I was caught I could be put in prison6.But I was happy to help because I knew it would help us achieve7our dream of making black and white people equal8.
◆because在此引导原因状语从句，原因状语从句中含有if引导的条件状语从句。
伊莱亚斯的故事
我叫伊莱亚斯，是南非的一个穷苦黑人工人。第一次见到纳尔逊·曼德拉的时候，是我一生中非常艰难的时期。(当时)我才12岁。那是在1952年，曼德拉是我寻求建议的那位黑人律师。他在法律问题上给贫苦的黑人提供指导。他不吝惜时间，我对此非常感激。
我需要他的帮助，因为我只受过很少的教育。我六岁开始上学，我仅仅读了两年的那所学校有三公里远。我不得不辍学，因为我家无法继续支付学费和车费。我既读不好也写不好。几经周折，我才在一家金矿上找到一份工作。然而在那个时候，一个人要想住在约翰内斯堡就非得要有身份证不可。不幸的是我没有这个证件，因为我不是在那里出生的，我很担心自己会失业。
纳尔逊·曼德拉帮助我的那天是我最高兴的日子之一。他告诉我要想在约翰内斯堡立住脚，应当如何获取所需证件。我对自己的未来更加充满了希望。我永远忘不了曼德拉是多么和善。当他组织了非国大青年联盟时，我马上就参加了这个组织。他说：
“过去30年来所出现的大量法律剥夺我们的权利，阻挡我们的进步，一直到今天，我们还处在几乎什么权利都没有的阶段。”
这是事实。黑人没有选举权，也无权选择他们的领导人。他们不能做自己想要做的工作。他们在城里不得不居住的地方是由白人决定的。他们被打发去城外居住的地方是南非最贫穷的地区。没有人能在那儿种庄稼。事实上，正如纳尔逊·曼德拉所说的：
“……我们被置于这样一个境地：要么被迫接受低人一等的现实，要么跟政府作斗争。我们选择向法律进攻。首先我们用和平的方式来打破法律，当这种方式得不到允许时……只有到那个时候，我们才决定用暴力反抗暴力。”
事实上，我并不喜欢暴力……但是在1963年，我帮助他炸毁了一些政府大楼。那是很危险的，因为如果被抓住了，我可能要坐牢。但我乐于帮忙，因为我知道这将帮助我们实现使黑人和白人平等的梦想。
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阅读理解
A
Thomas Edison was born in 1847 in Ohio.People around found little Edison very bright because he often took things apart to see how they worked.
In the early 1860s, he created his first important invention, a telegraphic(电报的) repeater that could send messages over a second line. At 21, he invented an electrical vote recorder and got his first patent(专利) for it.The next year he designed an improved stock ticker, a kind of electronic communications medium, and then set up a company to produce it. In 1874, he invented the quadruplex telegraph, a type of electrical telegraph.
Edison built his first laboratory in Menlo Park, New Jersey when he was 30 years old.They often had several projects going at once, and it wasn’t long before they started producing one invention after another, including such revolutionary inventions as the phonograph and the electric light.
The lab was successful because of Edison’s inventive talent, his strong determination, and his ability to inspire his assistants’ devotion by working so hard along with them and relaxing with them.The lab even had a pipe organ, a kind of musical instrument.After a long day of work, he would play the pipe organ while he and his assistants would sing along.The people who worked with him during those years would often say that those were the happiest days of their lives.
Edison’s goal was to create a small invention every ten days and a big invention every six months.Edison once said, “I always invented to gain money to go on inventing”， so the money wasn’t really the goal for him.The money was used to make sure that he could continue his work.
Eventually the lab at Menlo Park couldn’t contain all of the work that he wanted to do, so Edison built a new laboratory complex in West Orange, New Jersey.Then he could undertake more projects with greater resources than had ever been possible before.
【解题导语】 本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要介绍了爱迪生的部分发明成果及实验室。
1．What’s the RIGHT time order for Edison’s inventions mentioned in this passage?
A．A telegraphic repeater—a phonograph—an electrical vote recorder.
B．An electrical vote recorder—a phonograph—a quadruplex telegraph.
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C．A quadruplex telegraph—an electrical vote recorder—a phonograph.
D．A telegraphic repeater—an electrical vote recorder—a quadruplex telegraph.
D 解析：细节理解题。根据第二段的In the early 1860s, he created his first important invention...got his first patent(专利) for it.及In 1874, he invented the quadruplex telegraph, a type of electrical telegraph.可知，a telegraphic repeater是在19世纪60年代早期发明的，an electrical vote recorder是1868年发明的，a quadruplex telegraph是1874年发明的，故可推出时间顺序。
2．Edison set up a company at 22 to________.
A．sell his unique artwork
B．sell experimental materials
C．produce an electrical vote recorder
D．produce an improved stock ticker
D 解析：细节理解题。根据第二段的At 21, he invented an electrical vote recorder and got his first...and then set up a company to produce it.可知，爱迪生成立公司是为了生产一种改进的stock ticker。
3．What did Edison use the money from his inventions for?
A．Helping the poor.
B．Traveling to Europe.
C．Building many schools.
D．Continuing his invention work.
D 解析：细节理解题。根据第五段的Edison once said, “I always invented to gain money to go on inventing”， so the money wasn’t really the goal for him.The money was used to make sure that he could continue his work.可知，Edison靠发明赚钱只是为了维持其发明工作。
4．What can we learn from the passage?
A．Edison was a talented and determined person.
B．Edison got his first patent because of the electric light.
C．Edison’s first laboratory was in West Orange, New Jersey.
D．Edison showed no interest in inventing things in his childhood.
A 解析：推理判断题。根据全文内容尤其是第四段的The lab was successful because of Edison’s inventive talent, his strong determination...可推断，爱迪生是一个有才能并且很坚定的人。
B
Tea is the second most popular drink in the world after
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water.There are different kinds of tea including green tea and black tea.A cup of tea has become a part of our daily lives and our culture.Earlier, tea used to be made in large pots.Hot water was poured over a bunch of tea leaves even to make a single cup.It is believed that this led to waste of tea and that is where the story of the teabag comes in.
It is more convenient and easier to use a teabag than to brew(沏) fresh tea leaves every time you want to make a cup of tea.With the help of teabags, tea was made available in places like offices and airplanes.In order to make tea taste good, you need to remove the dried leaves after brewing.With teabags, you can brew a great cup of tea without a tea strainer.
“Who invented the teabag？”has been a question for a very long time.There are some interesting stories about this question, but the most popular one is of a New York tea businessman, Thomas Sullivan.In 1908, he sent samples of tea to his customers in small silk bags.A few of his customers thought that these bags were to be dipped(浸) in water to brew tea and so they did not empty out the tea.Sullivan did not realize this till the time he started receiving complaints from customers about the orders not being sent in bags.Then he started producing teabags and because of silk being too expensive he later used gauze(纱布)．
The popular Sullivan story lacks evidence.Whatever the truth may be, we will be ever so thankful to whoever came up with this wonderful product.Teabags have managed to make our lives so much easier.By the 1920s, teabags had successfully become the new way of drinking.It brought about a great change in our habit of drinking tea.
【解题导语】 本文是一篇说明文。本文主要介绍了茶包的发明过程。
5．What can we learn from Paragraph 1?
A．It is a waste of time to brew tea in pots.
B．The teabag was produced to replace traditional tea.
C．Tea is second only to water as a popular drink.
D．Green tea and black tea are most popular among all kinds of tea.
C 解析：推理判断题。根据第一段的Tea is the second most popular drink in the world after water.可知，茶是世界上仅次于水的第二大饮料。
6．What advantage does the teabag have according to Paragraph 2?
A．It is easier to use.
B．It saves more space.
C．It makes the tea taste better.
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D．It provides more choices for people.
A 解析：细节理解题。根据第二段的内容可知，茶包的主要特点是方便人们使用。
7．What can we learn about Thomas Sullivan from the passage?
A．He was a popular tea businessman in England.
B．He taught his customers to use teabags.
C．He used silk to make teabags at first.
D．He liked drinking tea very much.
C 解析：细节理解题。根据第三段的In 1908, he sent samples of tea to his customers in small silk bags.可知，一开始他使用丝绸制作茶包。
8．What does the author mean by the underlined part in the last paragraph?
A．The story has not been proven to be true.
B．The story cannot explain all the truth.
C．The story is hardly accepted by experts.
D．The story provides evidence of the teabag’s history.
A 解析：句意理解题。根据画线句后面的Whatever the truth may be, we will be ever so thankful to whoever came up with this wonderful product.可知，茶包由Thomas Sullivan发明的这个故事版本还没有得到证实。
完形填空
The Great Depression started in 1929 and lasted until about 1939.During that time, many people lost their__1__．My parents were __2__ them.It was 1935 when I was 10 years old.We still __3__ on relief(救济)．
A few days before Christmas, I was washing the __4__ after dinner when I looked out of a kitchen window and saw my father sitting on the stoop(门廊), wearing a(n) __5__ face.A mailman saw him and asked him what was wrong.
I heard my father say that he had __6__ his food vouchers(票券) and that the __7__ had gone beyond the time limit.He had tried to work as a laborer through the Works Progress Administration, but he __8__ because he wasn’t a very __9__ man.The work was too hard for him.I was __10__， having seen newspaper pictures of people being __11__ out of the apartments with all their belongings.“How much do you need？” the mailman asked __12__．My dad said he needed $33 for the rent.Without thinking twice, the mailman took out $50 from his wallet and __13__ it to my father.My dad said, “I don’t know when I’ll be able to pay you back.” The mailman put an arm around my father and __14__ him by saying, “Things will not be this way __15__．It doesn’t matter __16__ you will pay me back.”
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The mailman __17__ me looking through the window and said, “There will be times in the future when someone __18__ your help.I hope you and your son __19__ today.Help them in your own __20__ and tell them what happened today.This will be my payback.Merry Christmas！”
【解题导语】 本文是一篇记叙文。美国大萧条时期，作者一家靠救济生活。有一天，父亲正在发愁时，一位邮递员无私的资助使他们得以摆脱困境。
1．A.skills B．jobs
C．families D．houses
B 解析：根据上文的The Great Depression started in 1929 and lasted until about 1939.During that time, many people lost their...可知，经济大萧条时期很多人失去了“工作”。
2．A.for B．against
C．among D．between
C 解析：根据语境可知，作者的父母也在失业大军“当中”。
3．A.lived B．decided
C．researched D．worked
A 解析：根据语境可知，作者一家靠救济“生活”。
4．A.shoes B．dishes
C．socks D．feet
B 解析：根据下文的after dinner以及kitchen可知，作者晚饭后正在厨房洗“碗碟”。
5．A.angry B．curious
C．confused D．anxious
D 解析：根据下文的A mailman saw him and asked him what was wrong.可知，父亲脸色应该是“忧虑的”。
6．A.given out B．used up
C．carried away D．searched for
B 解析：根据上下文对一家人生活状况的描述可知，父亲告诉邮递员他的食物票券已经“用完”了。
7．A.report B．homework
C．rent D．check
C 解析：根据下文的My dad said he needed $33 for the rent.可知，这里指“房租”逾期。
8．A.agreed B．failed
C．promised D．regretted
B 解析：根据上文的He had tried to work as a laborer through the Works Progress
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Administration, but he...可知，父亲尝试通过这个组织找苦力活，可是他“失败”了。
9．A.strong B．clever
C．helpful D．creative
A 解析：根据上文的as a laborer以及下文的The work was too hard for him.可知，因为父亲不是一个非常“强壮的”人。
10．A.scared B．puzzled
C．lonely D．surprised
A 解析：根据下文的...having seen newspaper pictures of people being...out of the apartments with all their belongings.可知，作者想象自己一家也会像报纸上描写的一样被赶出来，所以很“害怕”那种情况的发生。
11．A.taken B．figured
C．picked D．kicked
D 解析：根据下文的...out of the apartments with all their belongings.可知，没钱付租金很可能就会被“赶”出住所。kick sb.out of a place意为“将某人赶出某地”。
12．A.softly B．impatiently
C．excitedly D．slyly
A 解析：根据语境可知，那位邮递员“温和地”问：“你需要多少钱？”
13．A.returned B．pointed
C．showed D．handed
D 解析：根据语境可知，那位邮递员毫不犹豫地从钱包里拿出50美元并将钱“递”给父亲。
14．A.punished B．questioned
C．criticized D．encouraged
D 解析：根据下文邮递员所说的话可知，那位邮递员搂着父亲并“鼓励”他。
15．A.soon B．forever
C．completely D．finally
B 解析：根据语境可知，眼前的艰难状况不会“永远”延续下去的。
16．A.how B．whether
C．unless D．until
B 解析：根据语境可知，那位邮递员说：“你还不还钱都没关系。”这里是whether引导的主语从句。
17．A.stopped B．kept
C．noticed D．suggested
C 解析：根据语境可知，那位邮递员“注意到”我一直从窗口看着他们。
18．A.refuses B．supports
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C．expects D．receives
C 解析：根据语境可知，将来会有一天别人也“期待”你的帮助。
19．A.remember B．miss
C．share D．record
A 解析：根据语境可知，我希望你和你儿子“记得”今天。
20．A.mind B．interest
C．time D．way
D 解析：根据语境可知，用你们自己的“方式”帮助他们并告诉他们今天发生的一切，就相当于还了这笔钱了。
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