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动词的时态与语态是两个非常重要的语法范畴,构成了英语语法的基本框架,几乎所有动词的考查都必须借助于时态和语态来完成。高考试题在考查时态和语态的同时,还兼顾其他语法内容的测试,比如各种从句、强调句、倒装句等,其交叉式和复合式的特点尤为明显。其考点主要包括:
1.注重在语境中考查常见时态的区别,如一般过去时与现在完成时、一般现在时(过去时)与现在(过去)进行时的区别等。要求准确判断动作和时间的关系,正确理解时间概念,如是现在、过去还是将来,是时间段、时间点还是时间瞬间。
2.遵循“情景立意”和“能力立意”的原则,考查在状语从句等特定语言环境中时态的代替。要求吃透语境,摸清命题人的意图,善于捕捉句子中所隐含的时间信息,克服汉语式的惯性思维。
3.把语态与时态结合在一起,进行综合考查。各种常用时态的被动语态的构成,仍是高考命题的热点之一,而且题干中有效信息越来越隐蔽,试题难度呈现加大的趋势。要求明确谓语动词与主语的关系,分清是主动还是被动。
4.考查主动形式表示被动意义。对语境理解能力的要求逐步提高,且要重视有特殊用法的动词的运用。
一、高考常考的几种易混时态的辨析
1.一般现在时与现在进行时
(1)一般现在时主要用于习惯性或经常性动作,常伴随使用usually,often,seldom等频度副词;现在进行时主要用于表示目前或现阶段正在进行的动作或状态,常跟now,at present等时间状语。
He usually writes a lot of letters,but he isn't writing at present.
他经常写许多信,但他现在没在写。
(2)表示客观事实或普遍真理时,要用一般现在时,不能用现在进行时。
The Earth goes around the Sun.
地球绕着太阳转。
2.一般过去时与过去进行时
(1)一般过去时表示一个完成的动作,而过去进行时表示过去某一阶段正在进行的动作。
I was reading a novel last night.
昨晚我在看小说(可能没看完)。
I read a novel last night.
我昨晚看了一本小说(已经看完了)。
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(2)一般过去时用于表示一个单纯动作,过去进行时用于表示过去一段时间反复做的动作。
Did he ask questions?
他提问题了吗?
He was asking questions all the time.
他始终在提问题。
(3)一般过去时表示过去某个时刻发生的动作(侧重说明事实),过去进行时表示过去某一时刻或某一段时间发生的动作(强调在这一过程中所进行的动作或展开的情景)。
He drew a picture yesterday afternoon.
他昨天下午画了一张画(昨天下午他做了这么一件事)。
He was drawing a picture yesterday afternoon.
他昨天下午在画一张画(昨天下午他一直在画画,没干别的事)。
(3)一般过去时表示过去某个时刻发生的动作(侧重说明事实),过去进行时表示过去某一时刻或某一段时间发生的动作(强调在这一过程中所进行的动作或展开的情景)。
He drew a picture yesterday afternoon.
他昨天下午画了一张画(昨天下午他做了这么一件事)。
He was drawing a picture yesterday afternoon.
他昨天下午在画一张画(昨天下午他一直在画画,没干别的事)。
3.现在完成时与一般过去时
(1)两者都表示发生在过去的动作。但现在完成时表示过去动作与现在的关系,主要说明现在的情况;一般过去时强调动作发生在过去某一时间,与现在不发生联系。例如:
They've gone to Paris.
他们到巴黎去了(说明他们现在去巴黎了,不在这里)。
They went to Paris.
他们去过巴黎(只说明去过,不表明是否现在仍在那里)。
(2)现在完成时表示从过去发生到现在一段时间内的任何时间,可与so far,up to now,lately,ever since等表示包括现在一段时间的状语连用,但不能和表示过去时间的状语连用;一般过去时表示的是过去某一特定时间或与现在无关的某一过去时间。
I haven't seen the film yet.
我还没看过这部影片(到目前为止)。
I saw the film the day before yesterday.
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我前天看的这部电影(表明看电影的时间是在前天)。
4.过去完成时与一般过去时
(1)一般过去时通常与具体过去时间状语连用;即使没有时间状语,根据具体的语言环境,我们也可以作出明确的判断。
(2)过去完成时是一种相对的时态,表示在过去某时刻之前发生。时间参照点与一般过去时不同,一般过去时是对现在说话时刻而言,过去完成时则是与过去某一时刻而言的,即“过去的过去”。
5.一般将来时与将来进行时
一般将来时表示对“现在时刻”来说,将要发生的动作或将要存在的状态;而将来进行时表示将来的某一时刻或某段时间正在进行的动作。
She is sixteen,who will be seventeen next year.
她十六岁,明年将十七岁。
What will you be doing at this time next Monday?
下周一这时候你将会在做什么呢?
5.一般将来时与将来进行时
一般将来时表示对“现在时刻”来说,将要发生的动作或将要存在的状态;而将来进行时表示将来的某一时刻或某段时间正在进行的动作。
She is sixteen,who will be seventeen next year.
她十六岁,明年将十七岁。
What will you be doing at this time next Monday?
下周一这时候你将会在做什么呢?
(2)现在完成进行时往往表示动作在重复,现在完成时则常常不带重复性。如:
Have you been meeting her lately?(经常相见)
Have you met her lately?(不重复发生)
(3)现在完成进行时比较生动,有时含有明显的感情色彩;而现在完成时往往只说明一个事实、一种影响或结果,平铺直叙,没有什么感情色彩可言。如:
Recently Mary has been doing her homework regularly.(显然是在表扬玛丽)
Recently Mary has done her homework regularly.(只说明一个事实)
二、固定句型中的固定时态
在某些固定句型里往往有固定的时态要求,请体会下列句子中时态的运用:
1.This/It is the first/second... time I have done sth.
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That/It was the first/second... time I had done sth.
2.It is two years since he went abroad./It was two years since he had gone abroad.
3.I was about to go out when the telephone rang.
4.Hardly had I got home when the telephone rang.
5.No sooner had I got home than the telephone rang.
6.It won't be long before he comes back./It wasn't long before he came back.
7.I didn't manage to understand it until he had explained it again.
8.祈使句+and(or/or else/otherwise)+并列分句(并列分句中谓语动词多用一般将来时)
三、被动语态
1.被动语态的构成
英语中的及物动词一般都有主动语态和被动语态两种形式。主动语态是无标记的,而被动语态则是有标记的。被动语态由“助动词be+过去分词”构成。助动词be随着主语的人称、数、时态和语气的不同而变化。被动语态的各种时态形式见下表:
2.主动形式表示被动意义的几种情况
(1)英语中有很多动词,如break,catch,clean,drive,look,open,sell,read,write,wash等,当它们被用作不及物动词来描述主语特征时,常用其主动形式表达被动意义,主语通常是物;在这种情况下,常常和easily,well等副词连用。
This kind of cloth washes well.这种布好洗。
The sign reads as follows.这牌子告示如下。
This material won't wear.这种材料不耐穿。
The machine runs well.这种机器运转良好。
特别提醒:主动语态表被动强调的是主语的特征,而被动语态则强调外界作用造成的影响。
(2)表示感受、感官的系动词feel,sound,taste,look等后跟形容词、名词构成系表结构,无被动形式。
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Your reason sounds reasonable.
你的理由听起来合理。
(3)在need,want,require,deserve,bear等动词、worth等形容词的后面,动名词用主动形式表示被动意义,其含义相当于动词不定式的被动形式。
The house needs repairing/to be repaired.
这所房子需要修理。
(4)在某些“主语(人/物)+be+形容词+不定式”中不定式的主动形式表达被动意义。这些形容词有nice,easy,fit,hard,difficult,important,impossible,pleasant,interesting等。
The problem is difficult to work out.
这道题很难计算出。(可看作to work out省略了for me)
(5)be to rent/blame/let也属于主动形式表被动意义。
Who is to blame for the mistake?
谁应为这个错误接受谴责?
The houses are to let.
这些房子有待出租。
(6)介词in,on,under等+名词构成介词短语表被动意义。
表示方位的介词与含动作意义的名词合用,含被动之意,其意义相当于该名词相应动词的被动形式,名词前一般不用冠词。常见的有:under control受控制;under treatment在治疗中;under repair在修理中;under discussion在讨论中;under construction在施工中;beyond belief令人难以置信;beyond one's reach鞭长莫及;beyond one's control无法控制;
beyond our hope我们始料不及;for sale出售;for rent出租;
in print在印刷中;in sight在视野范围内;on sale出售;on show展出;on trial受审;out of control控制不了;out of sight超出视线;out of one's reach够不着;out of fashion不流行。如:
The rumor is beyond belief(=can't be believed).
那个谣言令人难以置信。
Today some treasures are on show(=are being shown)in the museum.
今天一些珍宝正在博物馆展出。
考点一、考查动词时态
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例1. (2017·北京)People______better access to health care than they used to,and they’re living longer as a result.
A. will have B. have C. had D. had had
【答案】B
【解析】句意:人们有着比过去更好的医疗保险,结果他们更长寿。与过去对比是现在,所以than前一句话是用现在的时间,而且后一句用的就是现在时态,所以前面也用现在时态,故选B。
【变式探究】(2016·浙江,5)While online shopping ________(change)our life,not all of its effects have been positive.
【答案】has changed
【解析】句意:尽管网上购物已经改变了我们的生活,但是并不是所有的影响都是积极的。主语是online shopping,结合语境以及后面的have been可知,这里要用现在完成时。
【变式探究】【2015·北京】26.in the last few years,China ___ great achievements in environmental protection.
A.has made B.had made C.was making D.is making
【答案】A
【变式探究】(2014安徽卷)23.The twins, Who their homework, were allowed to play badminton on the playground.
A. will finish B. finish
C. have finished D. had finished
【答案】D
【解析】句义:已经完成了他们的家庭作业,这对双胞胎被允许在操场上打羽毛球。根据句义可知他们完成作业是在被允许到操场上打羽毛球之前。而他们被允许打羽毛球已经使用了一般过去时,所以完成作业应该使用过去完成时。故D正确。
考点二、考查动词的时态和语态
例2、(2017江苏) 27. He hurried home, never once looking back to see if he ____________.
A. was being followed B. was following
C. had been followed D. followed
【答案】A
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【解析】考查宾语从句和时态。根据句子成分可知,He和follow是被动关系,排除B、D。根据句意:在匆忙赶回家的路上,他从未回头看是否被跟踪,用过去进行时最合适,答案选A。
【变式探究】(2016·四川,61)The giant panda ________(love)by people throughout the world.
【答案】is loved 【解析】句意:大熊猫被全世界人民所喜爱。主语the giant panda和动词love构成被动关系,故应用一般现在时的被动语态。
【变式探究】【2015·北京】22.--Did you enjoy the party?
--Yes,we___by our hosts.
A.were treated B.would be treated. C.treated D.had treated
【答案】A
【变式探究】(2014·浙江卷)Sofia looked around at all the faces: she had the impression that she ________ most of the guests before.
A.has seen B.had seen
C.saw D.would see
【答案】B 【解析】考查动词的时态和语态。句意:索菲亚看了看周围所有的面孔,她印象中大部分客人她以前都是见过的。根据句意知,此处see的动作发生在过去的过去,同时由题眼before可知,该空应该用过去完成时态,故选B项。
1.(2017江苏) 27. He hurried home, never once looking back to see if he ____________.
A. was being followed B. was following
C. had been followed D. followed
【答案】A
【解析】考查宾语从句和时态。根据句子成分可知,He和follow是被动关系,排除B、D。根据句意:在匆忙赶回家的路上,他从未回头看是否被跟踪,用过去进行时最合适,答案选A。
2.(2017·北京)—______ that company to see how they think of our product yesterday?
—Yes. They are happy with it.
A. Did you call B. Have you called C. Will you call D. Were you calling
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【答案】A
3.(2017·北京)People______better access to health care than they used to,and they’re living longer as a result.
A. will have B. have C. had D. had had
【答案】B
【解析】句意:人们有着比过去更好的医疗保险,结果他们更长寿。与过去对比是现在,所以than前一句话是用现在的时间,而且后一句用的就是现在时态,所以前面也用现在时态,故选B。
1.(2016·新课标Ⅰ,62)So it was a great honour to be invited backstage at the notforprofit Panda Base,where ticket money helps pay for research.I ________(allow)to get up close to these cute animals at the 600acre centre.
【答案】was allowed
【解析】句意:……在这个占地六百英亩的中心,我被允许靠近这些可爱的动物。由语境可知作者被允许接近这些动物,故用一般过去时的被动语态。
2.(2016·新课标Ⅲ,62)Truly elegant chopsticks might ________(make)of gold and silver with Chinese characters.
【答案】be made
【解析】句意:真正考究的筷子可能是由具有中国特色的金或银制成的。make和chopsticks之间是动宾关系,应用被动语态,空格前有might,所以用be made。
3.(2016·四川,61)The giant panda ________(love)by people throughout the world.
【答案】is loved
【解析】句意:大熊猫被全世界人民所喜爱。主语the giant panda和动词love构成被动关系,故应用一般现在时的被动语态。
4.(2016·四川,69)Then,after two and a half years,the mother ________(drive)the young panda away.
【答案】drove
【解析】句意:然后,两年半之后这位母亲赶走了熊猫宝宝。根据句意可知,此处应用一般过去时。
5.(2016·浙江,5)While online shopping ________(change)our life,not all of its effects have been positive.
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【答案】has changed
【解析】句意:尽管网上购物已经改变了我们的生活,但是并不是所有的影响都是积极的。主语是online shopping,结合语境以及后面的have been可知,这里要用现在完成时。
6.(2016·浙江,9)Silk ________(become)one of the primary goods traded along the Silk Road by about 100 BC.
【答案】had become
【解析】句意:到公元前100年为止,丝绸已经成为丝绸之路上交易的主要商品之一。by about 100 BC是时间状语,这里强调到公元前100年为止,所以要用过去完成时。
7.(2016·北京,21)Jack ________(work)in the lab when the power cut occurred.
【答案】was working
【解析】句意:杰克正在实验室里工作的时候突然停电了。本句使用了be doing sth.when...句式,表示“正在做某事,突然……”,此时主句用过去进行时,分句用一般过去时。
8.(2016·北京,23)—Excuse me,which movie are you waiting for?
—The new Star Wars.We ________(wait)here for more than two hours.
【答案】have been waiting
9.(2016·北京,25)I ________(read)half of the English novel,and I'll try to finish it at the weekend.
【答案】have read
【解析】句意:这本英语小说我已经读了一半,这个周末我将尽力把它读完。语境表示“已经读了一半”,应该用现在完成时表示过去发生并且对现在有影响的动作。
10.(2016·北京,30)The students have been working hard on their lessons and their efforts ________(reward)with success in the end.
【答案】will be rewarded
【解析】句意:这些学生一直在努力学习功课,他们的努力最终会以成功作为回报。由语境可知,学生的努力会得到回报是将来的动作,故用一般将来时;reward和their efforts之间是被动关系,故用被动语态。
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11.(2016·天津,3)When walking down the street,I came across David,whom I ________(see)for years.
【答案】hadn't seen
【解析】句意:在街上散步时,我偶遇了大卫。我已经很多年没见过他了。“我很多年没见过他”发生在came across之前,表示“过去的过去”,应用过去完成时。
1.(2015·江苏,30)The real reason why prices (be), and still are, too high is complex, and no short discussion can satisfactorily explain this problem.
【解析】句意:价格过去和现在仍然过高的原因是复杂的,没有简短的讨论可以令人满意地解释这个问题。根据and still are可以推断出空白处是对过去时态的考查。
【答案】were
2.(2015·湖南,22)As you go through this book, you (find)that each of the millions of people who lived through World War Ⅱ had a different experience.
【解析】句意:在你浏览这本书时,你会发现经历二战的数百万人的经历各不相同。as引导时间状语从句,意思是“当……的时候”,在从句中使用的是一般现在时,所以主句使用一般将来时,即所谓“主将从现”,主句使用一般将来时,从句使用一般现在时。
【答案】will find
3.(2015·湖南,25)I wasn't able to hide my eagerness when I (ask), “What do you wish me to do now?”
【答案】asked
4.(2015·湖南,28)He must have sensed that I (look)at him.He suddenly glanced at me and said quietly, “Why are you staring at me like that?”
【解析】句意:他一定是感到了我在看他。他突然瞥了我一眼,然后平静地说:“为什么这样盯着看我?” must have done是对过去情况的推测,that后面应该使用过去时,在根据后面“为什么这样盯着看我?”所使用的时态为进行时,可知此处为过去进行时。
【答案】was looking
5.(2015·湖南,32)I had a strong desire to reach in and play with the toy, but (hold)back thankfully by the shop window.
【解析】句意:我有一种强烈的进去玩玩具的冲动,但是幸亏被橱窗拦住了。前面had
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是一般过去时,此处是并列谓语,也应该使用一般过去时;hold back和主语I之间是被动关系,所以使用被动语态。
【答案】was held
6.(2015·北京,22)—Did you enjoy the party?
—Yes.We (treat)well by our hosts.
【解析】句意:——你们聚会玩得快乐吗?——是的,主人招待我们很好。根据上一句中的did可知用一般过去时;且we和treated是动宾关系,用被动语态。故该空用一般过去时的被动语态。
【答案】were treated
7.(2015·北京,26)In the last few years, China (make)great achievements in environmental protection.
【解析】句意:在最近的几年里,中国在环境保护方面已经取得了巨大的成就。由“in the last few years”可知,此处应用现在完成时。
【答案】has made
8.(2015·北京,27)—Did you have difficulty finding Ann's house?
—Not really.She ( give)us clear directions and we were able to find it easily.
【答案】had given
9.(2015·北京,30)—Dr.Jackson is not in his office at the moment.
—All right.I (call)him later.
【解析】句意:——Dr.Jackson现在不在他的办公室里。——好的,过一会儿我再给他打电话。由句中的later可知此处要用一般将来时。
【答案】will call
10.(2015·浙江,8)Albert Einstein was born in 1879.As a child, few people guessed that he (go)be a famous scientist whose theories would change the world.
【解析】句意:爱因斯坦出生于1879年。小时候,几乎没有人想到他会成为一个其理论将会改变世界的科学家。根据语境可知,此处要用过去将来时。
【答案】was going to
11.(2015·重庆,1)—Is Peter coming?
—No, he (change)his mind after a phone call at the last minute.
【解析】句意:——彼特要来吗?——不,当接到一个电话后,他最后时刻改变了主意。句中的after
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a phone call at the last minute 表明动作发生在过去,故用一般过去时。
【答案】changed
12.(2015·重庆,13)In my hometown, there is always a harvest supper for the farmers after all the wheat (cut).
【答案】has been cut
13.(2015·陕西,22)Marty (work)really hard on his book and he thinks he'll have finished it by Friday.
【解析】句意:马蒂一直以来真的是很努力地写这本书,他认为他到星期五就能写完了。考查时态。他的书还没有写完,现在正在努力写,用现在完成进行时表示过去到现在一直持续的动作,并且很有可能还要持续下去。
【答案】has been working
14.(2015·陕西,24)At college,Barack Obama didn't know that he (become) the first black president of the United States of America.
【解析】句意:大学的时候,奥巴马不知道他要成为美国的第一位黑人总统。考查动词时态。注定成为,需要用was to become;主句是一般过去时,从句也可以用过去将来时。
【答案】was to become/would become
15.(2015·四川,4)More expressways (build) in Sichuan soon to promote the local economy.
【解析】考查时态。句意:四川将建设更多的高速公路以促进当地的经济(发展)。根据时间状语soon可知,此空为将来时的被动形式。
【答案】will be built
16.(2015·天津,6)Jane can't attend the meeting at 3 o'clock this afternoon because she (teach)a class at that time.
【解析】句意:琼不能参加今天下午3点钟的会议,因为那时她将在上课。考查将来进行时。时间状语at that time指的是前面的at 3 o'clock this afternoon,表示将来某个时刻正在做某事,要用将来进行时。
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【答案】will be teaching
17.(2015·天津,9)Despite the previous rounds of talks, no agreement (reach)so far by the two sides.
【解析】句意:尽管之前进行了几次谈判,但到目前为止双方没达成任何协议。考查现在完成时的被动语态。根据时间状语so far可知此处要用现在完成时,主语agreement与动词reach之间为动宾关系,故要用现在完成时的被动形式。
【答案】has been reached
18.(2015·安徽,24)Just as I got to the school gate, I realised I (leave)my book in the cafe.
【解析】句意:我刚一到学校门口,就意识到我把书落在餐馆了。考查动词的时态。realized后省略了that,这里是一个宾语从句,从句时态与主句保持一致,“落下”的动作发生在“意识到”之前,应该用过去完成时。
【答案】had left
19.(2015·安徽,29)It is reported that a space station (build)on the moon in years to come.
【答案】will be built
20.(2015·福建,26)To my delight, I (choose)from hundreds of applicants to attend the opening ceremony.
【解析】句意:令我高兴的是,我被从好几百人中选出参加这次开幕式。考查动词的时态语态。我被选中,应该用被动语态。
【答案】was chosen
21.(2015·福建,30)—Where is Peter? I can't find him anywhere.
—He went to the library after breakfast and (write)his essay there ever since.
【解析】句意:——彼得去哪儿了?我到处找不到他。——他早饭后去了图书馆,从那之后,一直在那里写论文。考查时态。根据句意,可以看出早饭之后,彼得一直在持续写的动作,很有可能现在还在持续,故用现在完成进行时。
【答案】has been writing
1.(2014安徽卷)23.The twins, Who their homework, were allowed to play badminton on
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the playground.
A. will finish B. finish
C. have finished D. had finished
【考点】考察时态
【答案】D
【解析】句义:已经完成了他们的家庭作业,这对双胞胎被允许在操场上打羽毛球。根据句义可知他们完成作业是在被允许到操场上打羽毛球之前。而他们被允许打羽毛球已经使用了一般过去时,所以完成作业应该使用过去完成时。故D正确。
2.(2014北京卷)22. ---Hi, let’s go skating.
--- Sorry, I’m busy right now. I _______ in an application form for a new job.
A. fill B. have filled
C. am filling D. will fill
【考点】考察时态
【答案】C
3.(2014北京卷)23. Jane is in a hurry because the train to the airport leaves _______ half an hour.
A. by B. in
C. for D. until
【考点】考察将来时和介词使用
【答案】B
【解析】本题的关键是the train to the airport leaves火车将要离开;在这句话里使用了一般现在时代替将来时,表示按照车站的时间表列车进出。实际上本句是一个将来时,四个选项里只有“in+一段时间”可以和将来时连用。句意:Jane很着急,因为去机场的火车半小时以后就要出发了。故B正确。
4.(2014北京卷)31.--- What time is it?
--- I have no idea. But just a minute, I ______ it for you.
A. check B. checked
C. will check D. would check
【考点】考察时态
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【答案】C
【解析】本题考察的是will的一个特殊用法。句意:—现在几点了?—我不知道。可是请你稍等,我现在就帮你看一下。根据句意可知不可能是过去发生的事情,排除BD项。我为你去看时间属于将要发生的事情,所以使用will表示临时决定要做某事。故C正确。
5.(2014北京卷)32. I found the lecture hard to follow because it _______ when I arrived.
A. started B. was starting
C. would start D. had started
【考点】考察时态
【答案】D
【解析】句意:我发现这个报告很难懂,因为当我到的时候,它已经开始了。根据句意可知这个报告是在我到达之前就开始看,而句中我到达使用了arrived,而报告是在这之前发生的,所以使用过去完成时。故D正确。
6.(2014大纲卷)22. Unless extra money____, the theatre will close.
A. was found B. finds C. is found D. found
【考点】考察时态
【答案】C
7.(2014大纲卷)32. The reports went missing in 2012 and nobody ______ them since.
A. sees B. saw C. has seen D. had seen
【考点】考察时态
【答案】C
【解析】句义:这些报告在2012年就不见了,从那以后没有人看见过它们。本句的关键词是since自从那时。根据句义可知是指自从2012年这些文件不见是开始,到现在为止没有人看见。Since经常和现在完成时连用的。故C正确。
8.(2014福建卷)23.—Haven't seen you for ages! Where have you been?
—I went to Ningxia and there for one year, teaching as a volunteer.
A. stayed B. stay C. had stayed D. am staying
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【考点】考察时态
【答案】A
【解析】句义:—很久没有看见你了!你到哪里去了?—我去了宁夏,并在那里待了一年时间,作教书的志愿者。本句只是叙述我过去在宁夏待了一年,没有强调过去发生的事情对现在的影响。而且也没有持续到现在,因为我已经回来了。所以不需要使用完成时,使用一般过去时陈述事实即可。故A正确。
9.(2014湖南卷)28. Since the time humankind started gardening, we _____to make our environment more beautiful.
A. try B. have been trying
C. are trying D. will try
【考点】考察时态
【答案】B
【解析】本题考察时态,关键词是since….自从…;since引导的从句经常要和现在完成时以及现在完成进行时连用。句义:自从人类开始搞园艺活动到现在,我们一直都在让我们的环境更美丽。本句使用现在完成进行时,强调动作的持续性和反复性。故B正确。
10.(2014湖南卷)34. Whenever you , a present, you should think about it from the receiver’s point of view.
A. bought B. have bought C. will buy D. buy
【考点】考察时态
【答案】D
11.(2014江苏卷)23.—How much do you know about the Youth Olympic Games to be held in Nanjing?
—Well, the media _________it in a variety of forms.
A. cover B. will cover C. have covered D. covered
【考点】考察时态
【答案】C
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【解析】句意:—你对即将在南京举行的青奥会了解多少?—很好,媒体以多种形式对青奥会举行了报道。根据本句中的well,可知后者对青奥会很了解。这主要是因为媒体多种形式的报道,本句使用现在完成时体现出过去所发生的事情对现在的影响。故C正确。
12.(2014江西卷)24.----Tony , why are your eyes red ?
---I __ up peppers for the last five minutes .
A. cut B. was cutting C. had cut D. have been cutting
【考点】考察时态
【答案】D
13.(2014山东卷)1. Writing out all the invitations by hand was more time-consuming than we______.
A. will expect B. are expecting C. expect D. had expected
【考点】考察时态
【答案】D
【解析】本题考察的时态。句义:手工写下所有的邀请函要比我们预料的花去更多的时间。根据句义可知我们预料是在实际上写之前发生的,而本句中实际写花去的时间使用了过去时was,所以expect使用过去完成时。故D正确。
14.(2014山东卷)5. They made up their mind that they______ a new house once Larry changed jobs.
A. bought B. would buy C. have bought D. had bought
【考点】考察时态
【答案】B
【解析】本题考察的是时态。句义:他们决定,一旦larry 换了工作,他们就买一个新房子。本句中的would表示的是过去将来时。他们是在过去决定一个将要发生的事情,所以使用过去将来时。故B正确。
15.(2014陕西卷)22. During his stay in Xi’an, Jerry tried almost all the local foods his friends ________,
A. would recommend B. had recommended C. have recommended D. were recommending
【考点】考察时态
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【答案】B
【解析】句义:在Jerry待在西安期间,他尝试了他的朋友向他推荐的几乎所有的食物。根据句义可知他的朋友向他推荐食物是在Jeery尝试的食物之前,句中已经使用了tried,所以推荐使用过去完成时。故B正确。
16.(2014四川卷)9. She ______ someone, so I nodded to her and went away.
A. phoned B. had phoned C. was phoning D. has phoned
【考点】考察上下文语境时态
【答案】C
【解析】句意:她正在和一个人打电话,于是我向她点了下头便走了。根据后句I nodded to her and went away“我只向她点了下头”说明她正在打电话。所以使用过去进行时表示在过去某个时间正在进行的事情。故C正确。
17.(2014天津卷)11. We won’t start the work until all the preparations __________.
A. are being made B. will be made C. have been made D. had been made
【考点】考察时态
【答案】C
18.(2014浙江卷 )11. Sofia looked around at all the faces: she had the impression that she _____ most of the guests before.
A. has seen B. had seen C. saw D. would see
【考点】考察时态
【答案】B
【解析】句意:Sofia回顾四周所有的脸庞,她有印象她之前见过大部分的客人。根据句意可知她见过这么多的客人是在她拥有这个印象之前发生的事情,本句中had说明看见这么多客人应该使用过去完成时。故B正确。
19.(2014重庆卷 )4. You’d better write down her phone number before you ___ it .
A.forget B. are forgetting C.forgot D. will gorget
【考点】考察时态
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【答案】A
【解析】本题考察的是时态题中的一个常考的用法。在时间状语从句和条件状语从句中,常常使用一般现在时代替将来时。本句中的连词before引导的就是一个时间状语从句,所以使用一般现在时代替将来时。句意:在你忘记之前最好把他的电话号码写下来。故A正确。
20.(2014重庆卷 )8.James has just arrived, but I didn’t know he ___until yesterday.
A. will come B.was coming C. had come D. came
【考点】考察时态
【答案】B
【解析】本题考察的是过去进行时表示过去将来时的用法。当表示事先计划好的,安排好的要发生的事情,且谓语动词是一些表示位置变化的动词,如:leave, come等的时候,可以使用进行时表示将来时。句意:James已经到了,但是知道昨天我才知道他要来。根据句意可知他要来这里是计划好的事情,且动词come表示的是位置变化。故B正确。
(2013·新课标I卷)27. When I first met Bryan I didn’t like him, but I ________ my mind.
A. have changed B. change C. had changed D. would change
【答案】A
【考点定位】本题考查动词时态。
(2013·新课标I卷)24. If we _________ now to protect the environment, we’ll live to regret it.
A. hadn’t acted B. haven’t acted C. don’t act D. won’t act
【答案】C
【解析】此处if引导一个真实条件句。在真实条件句中,谓语动词涉及到将来动作时,要用一般现在时代替一般将来时,所以用一般现在时,故C正确。句意:如果我们现在不采取行动保护环境,我们会遗憾一辈子。
【考点定位】本题考查动词时态。
(2013·浙江)10.During the last three decades, the number of people participating in physical fitness programs___ sharply.
A.was increasing B. has increased C. had increased D. will be increasing
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【答案】B
【解析】句意:在过去的三十年里,参与身体锻炼的人的数量激增。根据时间状语判断应用现在完成时,故选B。
【考点定位】时态用法辨析。时态的选择主要看具体句式和时间状语,本题根据时间状语很容易进行判断。
(2013·北京卷)32. --- So what is the procedure?
--- All the applicants before a final decision is made by the authority.
A. interview B. are interviewing
C. are interviewed D. are being interviewed
【答案】C
【解析】applicant申请人和interview面试/采访之间是被动关系,因此排斥A和B项。根据问句,“那么,程序是怎样的?”可知,整个过程还尚未开始,D项是现在进行时,意为正在发生因此排除D项。 句意为,------那么,程序是怎样的?---在管理者做出最终决定之前,所有的申请者都要被面试。
【考点定位】考察时态语态。
(2013·北京卷)28. Hurry up! Mark and Carl us.
A. expect B. are expecting C. have expected D. will expect
【答案】B
【考点定位】考察时态。
(2013·北京卷)25. --- Do you think Mom and Dad late?
--- No, Swiss Air is usually on time.
were B. will be C. would be D. have been
【答案】B
【解析】答句中的No,是根据Swiss Air is usually on time的猜测,因此可知mon and Dad还没有回来,答句只是根据已知的信息对将要发生的事情进行的预测,因此选择B选项,一般将来时。句意为,-----你认为妈妈和爸爸会迟到吗?---不会的,瑞士航空通常都是很准时的。
【考点定位】考察时态。
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(2013·北京卷)23.Shakespeare’s play Hamlet into at least ten different films over the past years.
A. had been made B. was made
C. has been made D. would be made
【答案】C
【解析】本题考查学生对于时态的标志性时间状语的掌握情况。题中over/in the past years是一般现在时的标志,因此选择C项,句意为,莎士比亚的喜剧“哈姆雷特”在过去的这么多年中,已经被制成了至少十种不同的电影。
【考点定位】考察时态。
(2013·北京卷)22. Don’t turn off the computer before closing all programs you could have problems
A. or B. and C. but D. So
【答案】A
【解析】根据you could have problems可知,此处是虚拟语气的用法,而选项中只有or和but是和虚拟语气连用的,用法为:有时候,虚拟不是通过if引导的条件句来表示,而是暗含在上下文中。用otherwise、or, even though等表示与上文的情况相反,从而引出虚拟语气。如:I lost your address.Otherwise,I would have visited you long before。有时候,虚拟条件通过but暗示出来。如:He would have given you more help,but he was too busy。Or 和but的区别就是,or前面是事实,后面用虚拟,而but是前面用虚拟,后面是事实。本题中,后面是虚拟的内容,因此选择A,意为,在关闭所有程序之前,不要关闭电脑,否则你会遇到问题的。
【考点定位】考察虚拟语气的用法。
(2013·福建卷)26. The girl has a great interest in sport and ____ badminton classes twice a week over the last three years.
A. took B. is taking C. takes D. has been taking
【答案】D
【考点定位】考查时态
(2013·湖南卷)34. — I don’t understand why you didn’t go to the lecture yesterday afternoon.
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— had done B. was doing C. would do D. am doing
【答案】B
【解析】句意:-我不懂你为什么没参加昨天下午的讲座。-真抱歉,那时我正在做作业。指昨天下午“那时”发生的事,故用过去进行时态。
【考点定位】考查动词的过去进行时态。
(2013·湖南卷)27. — Have you heard about the recent election?
— Sure, it ________ the only thing on the news for the last three days.
A. would be B. is C. has been D. will be
【答案】C
【解析】句意:-你听说最近的选举没有?-当然,这是最近三天新闻唯一干的事情。本题注意到时间状语for the last three days.就好做了。“最后三天”,for 介词短语表段时间,故用完成时态,同时注意第一句中的:Have you heard about.
【考点定位】考查动词的现在完成时态。
(2013·湖南卷)26. If nothing ________, the oceans will turn into fish deserts.
A. does B. had been done C. will do D. is done
【答案】D
【解析】句意:如果不采取措施,海洋将变成鱼的沙漠。If引导的条件状语从句中:nothing作主语,和谓语动词原型do构成逻辑上的被动关系,用被动语态。
【考点定位】考查动词的被动语态。
(2013·湖南卷)24. Around two o’clock every night, Sue will start talking in her dream. It somewhat ________ us.
A. bothers B. had bothered C. would bother D. bothered
【答案】A
【考点定位】考查动词的一般现在时态。
(2013·湖南卷)22. “What do you want to be?” asked Mrs. Crawford. “Oh, I ________ president,” said the boy, with a smile.
A. have been B. am C. was D. will be
【答案】D
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【解析】句意:克罗夫德女士问道:“你长大了,想做什么?”小孩带着微笑说:“哦,想当总统。”小孩长大了,将来当总统,故用动词的一般将来时态。
【考点定位】考查动词的一般将来时态。
(2013·江苏卷)34. —What about your self-drive trip yesterday?
—Tiring! The road is being widened, and we ______ a rough ride.
A. had B. have C. would have D. have had
【答案】A
【解析】句意:道路正在被加宽,所以我们走的很艰难。第二分句是对开车旅游的情况描写,所以用一般过去时。
【考点定位】考查时态。
(2013·江苏卷)21. Generally, students’ inner motivation with high expectations from others ______ essential to their development.
A. is B. are C. was D. were
【答案】A
【解析】句意:一般认为,其他人对学生高的期望是他们发展的必要的内部动机对。本句主语是“motivation”,所以谓语动词用单数,而且是一般情况所以用一般现在时。
【考点定位】考查主谓一致和时态。
(2013·江西卷)35. I ________ to visit you later that day, but I had to phone and cancel.
A. come B. came C. am coming D. was coming
【答案】D
【考点定位】 动词时态的考查
(2013·山东卷)27. — Oh no! We’re too late. The train _______.
— That’s Ok. We’ll catch the next train to London.
A. was leaving B. had left C. has left D. has been leaving
【答案】C
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【解析】根据语境“我们太晚了”及后句“没关系。我们可以赶下一趟火车去伦敦”,可知火车已经离开,对现在造成影响,故使用现在完成时态。
【考点定位】考查动词时态
(2013·山东卷)24. I didn’t think I’d like the movie, but actually it _____ pretty good.
A. has been B. was C. had been D. would be
【答案】B
【解析】根据题干部分didn’t可知基础时态为一般过去时态;再根据句意:我认为我不会喜欢这部电影,而实际上这是部相当好的电影。故使用一般过去时态陈述过去的事实。
【考点定位】考查动词时态
(2013·四川)3. Hurry up, kids! The school bus _______ for us!
A. waits B. was waiting C. waited D. is waiting
【答案】 D
【考点定位】考察时态用法。
(2013·天津卷)13. The water supply has been cut off temporarily because the workers ____ one of the main pipes.
A. had repaired B. have repaired C. repaired D. are repairing
【答案】D
【解析】句意:“临时切断了水的供给,因为工人正在修理一个主管道。”A表示“过去的过去”,一定要有一个过去的时间做对比,不能单独使用,故不能选A;B现在完成时,表示“过去一个动作对现在的影响或过去一个动作一直持续到现在还有可能再继续下去”,一定和现在有关;在这里,没有表示repair的影响,也没有表示时间的蕴含;C过去时态,单纯的过去,和现在没有关系,不会题意;D现在进行时,说话时正在进行的动作。
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