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真题研练73
Task 1：阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项(A、B、C、D)中，选出最佳选项。
(2015·四川，D)Their cheery song brightens many a winter's day.But robins are in danger of wearing themselves out by singing too much.Robins are singing all night—as well as during the day，Britishbased researchers say.
David Dominoni，of Glasgow University，said that light from street lamps，takeaway signs and homes is affecting the birds' biological clocks，leading to them being wide awake when they should be asleep.
Dr Dominoni，who is putting cameras inside nesting boxes to track sleeping patterns，said lack of sleep could put the birds' health at risk.His study shows that when robins are exposed to light at night in the lab，it leads to some genes being active at the wrong time of day.And the more birds are exposed to light，the more active they are at night.
He told people at a conference，“There have been a couple of studies suggesting they are increasing their song output at night and during the day they are still singing.Singing is a costly behaviour and it takes energy.So by increasing their song output，there might be some costs of energy.”
And it is not just robins that are being kept awake by artificial light.Blackbirds and seagulls are also being more nocturnal.Dr Dominoni said，“In Glasgow where I live，gulls are a serious problem.I have people coming to me saying ‘You are the bird expert.Can you help us kill these gulls？’．During the breeding(繁殖) season，between April and June，they are very active at night and very noisy and people can't sleep.”
Although Dr Dominoni has only studied light pollution，other research concluded that robins living in noisy cities have started to sing at night to make themselves heard over loud noise.
However，some birds thrive(兴旺) in noisy environments.A study from California Polytechnic State University found more hummingbirds in areas with heavy industrial machinery.It is thought that they are capitalising on their predators(天敌) fleeing to quieter areas.
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【语篇解读】 本文主要介绍了一项调查研究的结果，由于人类制造的光线问题，越来越多的鸟类如知更鸟在晚上也会唱歌，这极大地影响了鸟的健康。
1．According to Dr Dominoni's study，what causes robins to sing so much?
A．The breeding season.
B．The light in modern life.
C．The dangerous environment.
D．The noise from heavy machinery.
答案 B [细节理解题。根据文章第二段的“David Dominoni，of Glasgow University，said that light from street lamps，takeaway signs and homes is affecting the birds' biological clock，leading to them being wide awake...”以及第三段最后一句可知，是现代生活中的灯光使得知更鸟唱歌太多。故选择B。]
2．What is the researchers' concern over the increase of birds' song output?
A．The environment might be polluted.
B．The birds' health might be damaged.
C．The industry cost might be increased.
D．The people's hearing might be affected.
答案 B [细节理解题。根据文章第四段中的“Singing is a costly behaviour and it takes energy.”可知，唱歌唱得越多，鸟类就会损耗更多的精力，它们的健康也会因此受到损害。故选择B。]
3．What does the underlined word “nocturnal” in Paragraph 5 mean?
A．Active at night. B．Inactive at night.
C．Active during the day. D．Inactive during the day.
答案 A [词义猜测题。根据上文的“And it is not just robins that are being kept awake by artificial light.Blackbirds and seagulls are also being...”以及本段最后的“...they are very active at night...”可知，这里的nocturnal与前面的awake应该是近义词，意为“夜间活动的”。故选A。]
4．Why do some birds thrive in noisy environments?
A．Because there are fewer dangers.
B．Because there is more food to eat.
C．Because there is less light pollution.
D．Because there are more places to take shelter.
答案 A [细节理解题。根据文章最后一段最后一句“It is thought that they are
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capitalising on their predators(天敌)fleeing to quieter areas.”可知，它们的天敌都去了更安静的地方，在这些工业区，天敌更少，也就是危险更少。]
Task 2：词汇积累
1．in danger of 处于……危险之中
2．wear out (使)筋疲力尽，耗尽
3．at risk 处于危险之中
4．expose v．暴露，显露
5．conclude v．得出结论，断定_
6．at a conference 在会议上
7．artificial adj.人工的；假的
8．industrial adj.工业的
9．brighten v．使闪亮
10．takeaway adj.外卖的
Task 3：语法填空
David Dominoni，of Glasgow University，said that light from street lamps，takeaway signs and homes __1__ (affect)the birds' biological clock，__2__ (lead) to them being wide awake when they should be asleep.
Dr Dominoni，__3__ is putting cameras inside nesting boxes __4__ (track) sleeping patterns，said lack of sleep could put the birds' health __5__ risk.His study shows that when robins __6__ (expose) to light at night in the lab，it leads to some genes __7__ (be) active at the wrong time of day.And the more birds are exposed to light，__8__ more active they are at night.
答案 1.is affecting 2.leading 3.who 4.to track 5.at 6.are exposed 7.being 8.the
Task 4：单句改错
1．His study shows that when robins are exposing to light at night in the lab，it leads to some genes be active at the wrong time of day.
2．And it is not just robins which are being kept awake by artificial light.
3．In Glasgow where I live，gulls are a seriously problem.
4．There have been a couple of studies suggest they are increas their song output at night and during the day they are still singing.
5．But robins are in the danger of wearing themselves out by singing too much.
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答案 1.exposing→exposed；be→being 2.which→that
3．seriously→serious 4.suggest→suggesting 5.去掉the
Task 5：攻克长难句(分析句子结构，尝试翻译成汉语)
David Dominoni，of Glasgow University，said that light from street lamps，takeaway signs and homes is affecting the birds' biological clock，leading to them being wide awake when they should be asleep.
分析：这是一个复合句。谓语动词said后是that引导的宾语从句，现在分词短语leading to them being wide awake为结果状语，when they should be asleep为时间状语从句。
译文：格拉斯哥大学的大卫说，来自路灯、外卖餐馆的灯箱以及家庭的灯光正在影响鸟类的生物钟，导致它们在应该睡觉的时候却睡意全无。
Task 6：经典句式背诵
1．And the more birds are exposed to light，the more active they are at night.鸟越多暴露在光里，夜里越活跃。
2．And it is not just robins that are being kept awake by artificial light.
并非只是知更鸟正在受飞行器光线之苦。
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