2014高考英语阅读理解巩固精品题练习(15)及答案.doc

‎2014高考英语阅读理解巩固精品题练习（15）及答案 阅读理解 ‎ Remember how great exercise was when you were a little kid? Back then, racing around the playground or skipping rope for hours, you weren’t thinking fitness, you were thinking entertainment. But in this age of high-tech home equipment and underused gym memberships, the simple joy of jumping rope has been forgotten. Rediscovering it will give you a total-body exercise you can find. ‎ ‎       Although considered an excellent form of exercise, jumping rope has never gained widespread acceptance because of two fundamental reasons. First, most people recognize jumping rope as an excellent form of cardiovascular (心血管的) exercise, but they also believe that it is simply too difficult. In other words, they don’t think they’ll be able to continue jumping for the near 20 minutes that it takes to achieve a beneficial physical outcome. Second, many view it as somewhat boring and overly repetitive—not as something fun or enjoyable.‎ ‎       As a matter of fact, jumping rope can be great fun if you find a proper way to practice it. Instead of doing the usual two-foot bounce over and over again, people good at rope-jumping often change their pattern every 10 or 20 jumps. A single bounce, a double–bounce, a skip, a knee-up, side swings, as well as a variety of other easy-to-learn free-style rope-jumping.‎ ‎       Now researchers are learning that jumping rope also prepares the brain for learning. It is an exercise allowing both brain hemispheres to perform in parallel to each other. In short , jumping rope can be a life-long activity requiring little equipment, time and space, yet leading to a much healthier life.‎ ‎44. From the first paragraph we learn that         .‎ A．jumping rope has faded from people’s memories ‎ B．people now have more advanced equipment ‎ C．racing around the playground was preferred ‎ D．people now like to have exercise in a gym ‎ ‎45. Rope jumping has not spread widely because        .‎ A．it benefits the cardiovascular system  B．it is neither easy nor enjoyable ‎ C．it is considered boring and repetitive D．it requires little equipment, time and space ‎ ‎46. The first sentence in the 3rd paragraph implies         .‎ A．there is only one proper way to follow    B．the usual way should not be used ‎ C．the easiest way is always the best          D．there are many ways to follow ‎ ‎47.What is the author’s attitude towards rope jumping?‎ A．He is arguing against it.                       B．He is in favor of it.‎ C．He is sitting on the fence of it.              D．He is not clear about it.‎ 参考答案 44-47ABDB ‎ ‎ ‎ C8 [2013·湖北卷] E A German study suggests that people who were too optimistic about their future actually faced greater risk of disability or death within 10 years than those pessimists who expected their future to be worse.‎ The paper, published this March in Psychology and Aging, examined health and welfare surveys from roughly 40，000 Germans between ages 18 and 96.The surveys were conducted every year from 1993 to 2003.‎ Survey respondents (受访者) were asked to estimate their present and future life satisfaction on a scale of 0 to 10, among other questions.‎ The researchers found that young adults (age 18 to 39) routinely overestimated their future life satisfaction, while middle－aged adults (age 40 to 64) more accurately predicted how they would feel in the future.Adults of 65 and older, however, were far more likely to underestimate their future life satisfaction.Not only did they feel more satisfied than they thought they would, the older ‎ pessimists seemed to suffer a lower ratio (比率) of disability and death for the study period.‎ ‎“We observed that being too optimistic in predicting a better future than actually observed was associated with a greater risk of disability and a greater risk of death within the following decade，” wrote Frieder R．Lang, a professor at the University of Erlangen－Nuremberg.‎ Lang and his colleagues believed that people who were pessimistic about their future may be more careful about their actions than people who expected a rosy future.‎ ‎“Seeing a dark future may encourage positive evaluations of the actual self and may contribute to taking improved precautions (预防措施)，” the authors wrote.‎ Surprisingly, compared with those in poor health or who had low incomes, respondents who enjoyed good health or income were associated with expecting a greater decline.Also, the researchers said that higher income was related to a greater risk of disability.‎ The authors of the study noted that there were limitations to their conclusions.Illness, medical treatment and personal loss could also have driven health outcomes.‎ However, the researchers said a pattern was clear.“We found that from early to late adulthood, individuals adapt their expectations of future life satisfaction from optimistic, to accurate, to pessimistic，” the authors concluded.‎ ‎67．According to the study, who made the most accurate prediction of their future life satisfaction?‎ A．Optimistic adults. ‎ B．Middle－aged adults.‎ C．Adults in poor health. ‎ D．Adults of lower income.‎ ‎68．Pessimism may be positive in some way because it causes people ________．‎ A．to fully enjoy their present life B．to estimate their contribution accurately C．to take measures against potential risks D．to value health more highly than wealth ‎69．How do people of higher income see their future?‎ A．They will earn less money.‎ B．They will become pessimistic.‎ C．They will suffer mental illness.‎ D．They will have less time to enjoy life.‎ ‎70．What is the clear conclusion of the study?‎ A．Pessimism guarantees chances of survival.‎ B．Good financial condition leads to good health.‎ C．Medical treatment determines health outcomes.‎ D．Expectations of future life satisfaction decline with age.‎ ‎【要点综述】 本文是一篇议论文，主要讲述对未来过于乐观的人将面对残疾或死亡的巨大危险。在研究中，研究人员发现，年轻人对未来过于乐观，中年人对未来的预测很准确，而老年人相对低估。随着年龄的增长，人们对未来的预测越来越现实。‎ ‎67．B 　细节理解题。根据第四段中的“…while middle－aged adults (age 40 to 64) more accurately predicted how they would feel in the future.”知，中年人对未来预测得更准确。故B正确。‎ ‎68．C 　细节理解题。根据第六段中的“…people who were pessimistic about their future may be more careful about their actions …”知，对未来悲观的人可能在行动时更小心、更谨慎。句中的be more careful about与take measures against potential risks一致。故C正确。‎ ‎69．A 　细节理解题。根据第八段中的“…respondents who enjoyed good health or income were associated with expecting a greater decline.”知，身体好、收入高的人认为，他们的收入在未来将会下降，即挣的钱少了。故A正确。‎ ‎70．D 　推理判断题。根据最后一段中的内容可知，研究人员认为有一点很清楚：从少年到成年，每个人都在调整自己对未来生活的满意度，从乐观，到适度到悲观。故D正确。‎ 阅读理解 ‎"What’s in a name?”According to Shakespeare’s Romeo and Juliet，there is not too much.“That which we call a rose by any other name would smell as sweet. "But Shakespeare may have been wrong. In most cultures，names matter a great deal.‎ Americans choose names for their children with care. Parents usually think about the impression a name gives，not its meaning. Most Americans would consider a “Jennifer” more attractive than a“Bertha"，for example. The last name，or，surname，must also be considered when choosing a first and middle name. A name like Lester Chester Hester would sound poetic，but odd. ‎ Parents would avoid names that remind them of people they don’t like. On the other hand，people might name their children after a respected elderly relative or even a famous person. The popularity of certain names can change with each new generation. Names that were once common，like Fanny or Elmer，sound old-fashioned today. But other names—like John and David，Mary and Sarah—have stood the test of time and continue to be favorites.‎ People in Ameica don’t always call their friends and relatives by their given names. Instead，they often use nicknames. Sometimes nicknames are short forms of a longer name. For instance，a girl named Elizabeth may be called Lisa，Beth or Betsy. As children grow up，they may decide for themselves which nickname they wish to be called.‎ Some people just go by the initials of their first and middle names，like B. J, or R. C. And of course，people may call their children or their sweethearts other special nicknames. Often they have a “sweet” flavor，like Honey or Sugar. What’s in a name? A world of significance. So if you’re choosing an English name for yourself，take care to choose a good one. A made—up name could sound strange to native English speakers. And a translation of your Chinese name may not make an appropriate name，either. But a good name can leave a positive and lasting impression. As an American politician once said，“In real life，unlike in Shakespeare，the sweetness of the rose depends upon the name it bears.”‎ ‎48．What does the underlined sentence in Paragraph 2 mean?‎ A. People change names in order to be popular with the new generanon.‎ B. Names will change by themselves in order to be popular.‎ C. Some names may no longer be popular among the new generation.‎ D. No names can stand the test of time.‎ ‎49．When choosing names，you should stick to the following principles EXCEPT that A. the impression a name gives is more important than its meaning B. you can name after a well-known person C.surname should be paid attention to D.you can create a name that is special ‎50.The author will name a newly born baby girl________.‎ A． Bertha B. Fanny C. Yunyun D.Elizabeth ‎51. What is the main idea of this passage?‎ A. Names have great significance to Americans.‎ B.Names change when time goes by.‎ C. Chinese people should be careful when choosing their English names.‎ D.Roses smell sweet by any other name.‎ 参考答案 48-51CDDA ‎ 阅读理解 ‎ It is a common fear among users of Facebook and other social media around the world—how to deal with a friend request from your boss or employee.‎ A survey released on Thursday found that 56 percent of Americans say it is irresponsible to be friends with a boss and 62 percent say it is wrong to be friends with an employee. But 76 percent believe it is acceptable to be friends with a workplace peer，according to the survey of 1，000 people by Liberty Mutual’s Responsibility Project.‎ ‎"When the roles change what do you do then? Do you unfriend someone if they have now been promoted to be your boss or if you’re now their boss，”said researcher Kelly Holland. "We get into some really sticky situations there in terms of what people will think is responsible，”she said. ‎ When using social media at work，73 percent say it is not appropriate to update your Facebook status，82 percent say you should not upload photos，72 percent believe tweeting is wrong and 79 percent say it is not acceptable to watch online videos. Yet 66 percent say it is fine to check your personal email while at work. ‎ ‎“When people focus on responsibility，they know what the responsible thing is to do but whether they are doing that in practice or not is a different story,”said Holland.‎ Americans are split on whether companies should review the social media profiles of job candidates with 52 percent saying it is appropriate and 48 percent saying it is unacceptable. Social media can also lead to some difficult decisions when it comes to family and relationships. Sixty percent of those polled say that it is“completely acceptable" to unfriend an ex-boyfriend or ex-girlfriend. More than 40 percent of parents believe it is irresponsible to post photos of children online. Thirty one percent monitor their children's Facebook accounts and almost 70 percent are ‎ friends with their children on Facebook or MySpace. But 72 percent limit the time their children spend on social media networks.‎ The poll was taken between January 12一15．‎ ‎52．The text is mainly about________‎ A. social，family and relationships. B. ways of making friends C. not using social media at work D. action of responsibility ‎53. The underlined word "Facebook" in the first paragraph refers to________‎ A. a book about face B. an Internet site of making friends C. a broadcasting media D. a newspaper or magazine ‎54. Which the following is TRUE according to the text?‎ A.thirty one percent of the parents keep watching on their children’s Fecebook accounts.‎ B. Forty eight percent agree to review the social media profiles of job candidates.‎ C. Eighty two percent say it isn’t appropriate to upload photos at work.‎ D. Seventy six percent believe it is acceptable to be friends with employee,‎ ‎55. What was the writer’s attitude towards the result of survey?‎ A. Defensive. B. Critical. C. Objective. D. Doubtful 参考答案 52-55DBAC C8 [2013·江苏卷] C If a diver surfaces too quickly，he may suffer the bends.Nitrogen(氮)dissolved(溶解)in his blood is suddenly liberated by the reduction of pressure.The consequence，if the bubbles(气泡)accumulate in a joint，is sharp pain and a bent body—thus the name.If the bubbles form in his ‎ lungs or his brain，the consequence can be death.‎ Other air－breathing animals also suffer this decompression (减压) sickness if they surface too fast：whales, for example.And so, long ago, did ichthyosaurs.That these ancient sea animals got the bends can be seen from their bones.If bubbles of nitrogen form inside the bone they can cut off its blood supply.This kills the cells in the bone，and consequently weakens it，sometimes to the point of collapse.Fossil(化石) bones that have caved in on themselves are thus a sign that the animal once had the bends.‎ Bruce Rothschild of the University of Kansas knew all this when he began a study of ichthyosaur bones to find out how widespread the problem was in the past.What he particularly wanted to investigate was how ichthyosaurs adapted to the problem of decompression over the 150 million years.To this end, he and his colleagues traveled the world's natural－history museums, looking at hundreds of ichthyosaurs from the Triassic period and from the later Jurassic and Cretaceous periods.‎ When he started, he assumed that signs of the bends would be rarer in younger fossils, reflecting their gradual evolution of measures to deal with decompression.Instead，he was astonished to discover the opposite.More than 15% of Jurassic and Cretaceous ichthyosaurs had suffered the bends before they died，but not a single Triassic specimen(标本)showed evidence of that sort of injury.‎ If ichthyosaurs did evolve an anti－decompression means, they clearly did so quickly—and, most strangely, they lost it afterwards.But that is not what Dr Rothschild thinks happened.He suspects it was evolution in other animals that caused the change.‎ Whales that suffer the bends often do so because they have surfaced to escape a predator (捕食动物)such as a large shark.One of the features of Jurassic oceans was an abundance of large sharks and crocodiles，both of which were fond of ichthyosaur lunches.Triassic oceans，by contrast，were mercifully shark－ and crocodile－free.In the Triassic, then, ichthyosaurs were top of the food chain.In the Jurassic and Cretaceous，they were prey(猎物)as well as predator—and often had to make a speedy exit as a result.‎ ‎61．Which of the following is a typical symptom of the bends?‎ A．A twisted body.‎ B．A gradual decrease in blood supply.‎ C．A sudden release of nitrogen in blood.‎ D．A drop in blood pressure.‎ ‎62．The purpose of Rothschild's study is to see ________．‎ A．how often ichthyosaurs caught the bends B．how ichthyosaurs adapted to decompression C．why ichthyosaurs bent their bodies D．when ichthyosaurs broke their bones ‎63．Rothschild's finding stated in Paragraph 4 ________．‎ A．confirmed his assumption ‎ B．speeded up his research process C．disagreed with his assumption ‎ D．changed his research objectives ‎64．Rothschild might have concluded that ichthyosaurs ________.‎ A．failed to evolve an anti－decompression means B．gradually developed measures against the bends C．died out because of large sharks and crocodiles D．evolved an anti－decompression means but soon lost it ‎【要点综述】 本篇为科普说明文，讲述鱼龙患减压病的原因和后果。Dr Rothschild通过实验推翻了关于鱼龙进化的一些猜测。‎ ‎61．A　细节理解题。根据the bends可定位到首段。由“The consequence…is sharp pain and a bent body—thus the name.”可知答案，a bent body和a twisted body是同义转换。由第二句的“Nitrogen dissolved in his blood is suddenly liberated by the reduction of pressure.”可知，这是说the bends的形成原因，故C、D项错，而B项文章没有提及。‎ ‎62．B　推理判断题。题干中的关键词是Rothschild's study，由此可定位到第三段的前两句。根据“…to find out how widespread the problem was in the past…to investigate was how ichthyosaurs adapted to the problem of decompression…”可知答案为B。‎ ‎63．C　推理判断题。根据第四段“…he assumed that signs of the bends would be rarer in younger fossils, reflecting their gradual evolution of measures to deal with decompression.Instead, he was astonished to discover the opposite.”可知，Rothschild的假设结论与在研究过程中得出的结果是相反的，故选C项。‎ ‎64．A　推理判断题。根据倒数第二段可知，Rothschild认为鱼龙在进化过程中反减压方式进化失败，故选A项。‎