2014高考英语阅读理解巩固精品题练习(10)及答案.doc

‎2014高考英语阅读理解巩固精品题练习（10）及答案 语法填空 There are times when people are so tired that they fall asleep almost anywhere. We can see there is a lot of sleeping on the bus or train on the way home from work in the evenings. A man ___16____(fold) the newspaper, and seconds later, ____17___appears as if he is trying to eat it. Or he will fall asleep on the shoulder of the stranger___18____(sit) next to him. Another place where unplanned short sleep goes on is in the lecture hall__19_____a student will start snoring（打鼾）so__20___(loud) that the professor has to ask another student to keep the sleeper awake. ____21___more embarrassing situation occurs when a student starts falling into sleep and the weight of the head pushes the arm off the desk, and the ___22_____(move) carries the rest of the body along. The student wakes up on the floor ___23____ no memory of getting there. The worst time to fall asleep is when driving. Police reports are full of accidents that occur when people fall into sleep and go__24____the road. If the drivers are lucky, they are not seriously hurt. When people are really tired,___25___will stop them from falling asleep ---- wherever they are.‎ 三、写作训练 第一节 基础写作: 人们对于学生网上交友持不同意见。请你用英语写一篇关于学生网上交友的短文，介绍人们的不同观点，并表达自己的看法。‎ 赞成的理由 反对的理由 你的看法 ‎1．广交朋友 ‎2．可自由表达思想 ‎3．利于外语学习 ‎1．浪费时间 ‎2．影响学习 ‎3．可能上当受骗 ‎1---2 点 There are different opinions about (Different people have different opinions on) whether the students should make friends online. Some people hold the opinion that the Internet helps to make friends and by chatting online, students can more freely express their feelings and opinions. What’s more (Besides / In addition), they can help them with their foreign language studies. However, other people hold the opposite opinion that it will take students a lot of time to make friends online, so it will have a negative influence on their study and worse still / what’s worse, they may get cheated by online friends. ‎ As for me, I think that students should be allowed to make friends online but should also continue to concentrate on their studies. (As far as I am concerned, students can make friends online by making a good balance between study and relaxation.) It is my opinion that students should place their studies, health and safety before other things and if they desire to find good friends, they can make friends with those people around them. (In my opinion, it is not good for students to make friends online.) As you know, students should focus on their studies rather than spend their valuable time on their unimportant things.‎ 第二节 读写任务： 写一篇记叙文，描写你或你的朋友遭遇困境的一次经历，并包括以下要点：‎ ‎1）叙述你或你的朋友曾经遭遇的某个困境； 2）你或你的朋友是如何对待困难的；‎ ‎3）你或你的朋友的态度对解决问题起了什么作用？ ‎ Attitude Is Everything The passage mainly tells us that Michael’s life style is always positive, so he is always cheerful. He says whether one is in a good mood or in a bad one depends on one’s choice. It’s attitude that really matters.‎ Attitude is very important to deal with the difficulties in our life. The passage reminds me of a similar experience. When I was in junior school, I used to be poor in expressing myself clearly. As a result, many people looked down on me and I had very few friends. It seemed that I was really hopeless. However, I believed that hard work could change everything. So, I tried to tell myself I could do it. Every day I practiced reading aloud and tried to seize every chance to talk with others. Finally, I made great progress. Now I can speak as fluently as anybody around me. If I hadn’t carried on, I wouldn’t have done so well now. ‎ I think it was my positive attitude that changed everything. As the proverb says, Attitude is everything.‎ Get Yourself Lost Travelers to new cities are often told to start their trip with a bus tour. The thinking is that they can then ____1____ to the places that interested them. Nonsense! What you see from the____2____ of a moving bus is unreal and completely removed from the authentic sights, sounds and___3____ outside.‎ Be adventurous! The best way to experience any place is ____4____ and with absolutely no ‎ travel____5____.Simply go wherever your feet and your____6___lead you. You eventually will get to the same sites that are on the bus tour------the museums, the monuments city hall----but will have___7___much more. You will have felt the contemporary life of the city.‎ ‎“But what if I get lost?” People might ask. No one gets ____8____ lost in a major city. Eventually, you can find your way back to a well-known location. If it frightens you to be “lost”, just find a taxi and go back to where you____9____. However, the nicest things can happen if you get lost. You stop at a sidewalk café to___10____ and relax. You ask instructions of the local people at the ____11____ table. And even if they don’t speak your language, your trip becomes more ____12____ because of the experience. ‎ So next time you see a poster advertising an introductory bus tour, __13___your money. ‎ ‎___14 __, wander on your own. I_ ___15_ you a time you’ll remember with great pleasure.‎ ‎1. A. return B. come C. walk D. drive ‎2. A. backside B. inside C. outlook D. outlet ‎3. A. grasses B. flowers C. smells D. feelings ‎4. A. by car B. on foot C. by bike D. by plane ‎5. A. plan B. map C. money D. ticket ‎6. A. nose B. mouth C. habits D. interests ‎7. A. observed B. touched C. seen D. watched ‎8. A. uncertainly B. unluckily C. carelessly D. hopelessly ‎9. A. started B. went C. enjoyed D. left ‎10. A. talk B. stop C. laugh D. sit ‎11. A. next B. window C. front D. back ‎12. A. forgettable B. memorable C. reasonable D. acceptable ‎13. A. get B. spend C. save D. Waste ‎14. A.However B.So C.Instead D.Take it easy ‎15. A. wish B. give C. hope D. promise C7 [2013·辽宁卷] B Going green seems to be a fad(时尚) for a lot of people these days.Whether that is good or bad,‎ ‎ we can't really say, but for the two of us, going green is not a fad but a lifestyle.‎ On April 22，2011, we decided to go green every single day for an entire year.This meant doing 365 different green things, and it also meant challenging ourselves to go green beyond the easy things.Rather than recycle and reduce our energy, we had to think of 365 different green things to do and this was no easy task.‎ With the idea of going green every single day for a year, Our Green Year started.My wife and I decided to educate people about how they could go green in their lives and hoped we could show people all the green things that could be done to help the environment.We wanted to push the message that every little bit helps.‎ Over the course of Our Green Year, we completely changed our lifestyles.We now shop at organic(有机的) stores.We consume less meat, choosing green food.We have greatly reduced our buying we don't need.We have given away half of what we owned through websites.Our home is kept clean by vinegar and lemon juice, with no chemical cleaners.We make our own butter, enjoying the smell of home－made fresh bread.In our home office anyone caught doing something ungreen might be punished.‎ Our minds have been changed by Our Green Year.We are grateful for the chance to have been able to go green and educate others.We believe that we do have the power to change things and help our planet.‎ ‎60．What might be the best title for the passage?‎ A．Going Green B．Protecting the Planet C．Keeping Open－Minded D．Celebrating Our Green Year ‎61．It was difficult for the couple to live a green life for the whole year because ________．‎ A．they were expected to follow the green fad B．they didn't know how to educate other people C．they were unwilling to reduce their energy D．they needed to perform unusual green tasks ‎62．What did the couple do over the course of Our Green Year?‎ A．They tried to get out of their ungreen habits.‎ B．They ignored others' ungreen behavior.‎ C．They chose better chemical cleaners.‎ D．They sold their home－made food.‎ ‎63．What can we infer from the last paragraph?‎ A．The government will give support to the green project.‎ B．The couple may continue their project in the future.‎ C．Some people disagree with the couple's green ideas.‎ D．Our Green Year is becoming a national campaign.‎ ‎【要点综述】 本文是记叙文，主要讲一对夫妇在一年时间里做不同支持环保的事情，保护环境和地球。‎ ‎60．A　主旨大意题。文章第一段提出本文主题“对我们来说，支持环保 (Going green)不是时尚而是生活方式”，所以选A。‎ ‎61．D　细节理解题。第二段第二句“这意味着做365件不同的环保事情”，说明他们困难的原因是需要做不同的环保任务，所以选D。‎ ‎62．A　推理判断题。根据倒数第二段第一句“我们完全改变了生活习惯”及倒数第二段剩下的内容可知选A。‎ ‎63．B　推理判断题。根据最后一段中描述“我们思想已经在改变，我们相信我们的确有能力改变，帮助这个星球”，说明这对夫妇将来还会继续他们的计划。‎ 第一节 细节判断题解题技巧 《普通高中英语课程标准》中达到英语学科的高中毕业要求为七级，其有关阅读最基本的要求是：“能从一般性文章中获取和处理主要信息”。对这种“获取和处理主要信息”能力的考查，主要采用的方式就是：细节判断。这类题在高考阅读理解题中占一定的比例，做好这类题是确保基础分的关键。同时，弄清细节，正确获取信息，也是把握文章主旨的前提。因此，要特别重视做好这类题。 细节判断题题干常见的问句形式多种多样。如： Which of the following is NOT mentioned in the ‎ passage? Which of the following statements is NOT true? Which of the following statements is correct according to the passage? Which of the following is NOT considered as …? According to the passage, which of the following is NOT mentioned as one of the reasons for … ? How many … … ？ What/who/when/where/how/why … … ? 做这类题的一般方法是通过skimming把握文章中心后，再通过寻读法（scanning）快速确定该细节在文中的出处（信息源），对照选项进行“三对一错或三错一对”的判断。若该信息句是长句或难句，要学会找出其主干部分、分析句子结构，正确理解信息句的意义。 命题者在出这类题时惯用“偷梁换柱、张冠李戴”的手法来迷惑考生，即对原句细微处做改动，截取原文词语或结构进行改造，因果倒置，把A的观点说成B的观点等。所以正确理解题干和信息句的意义是关键。 这类细节性问题所涉及的面很广，有的需要经过简单的数学运算确定时间、距离、次数、数量等；有的涉及正误判断；有的询问事实、原因、结果、目的等。例如：（注：本书例题练习中选用全国各地高考题均保留原题号）‎ ‎（05全国卷II B篇）The days of elderly women doing nothing but cooking huge meals on holidays are gone. Enter the Red Hat Society －a group holding the belief that old ladies should have fun. “My grandmothers didn’t do anything but keep house and serve everybody. They were programmed to do that,” said Emily Comette, head of a chapter of the 7-year-old Red Hat Society. While men have long spent their time fishing and playing golf, women have sometimes seemed to become unnoticed as they age. But the generation now turning 50 is the baby boomers(生育高峰期出生的人), and the same people who refused their parents’ way of being young are now trying a new way of growing old. If you take into consideration feminism(女权主义), a bit of spare money, and better health for most elderly, the Red Hat Society looks almost inevitable(必然的). In this society, women over 50 wear red hats and purple(紫色的) clothes, while the women under 50 wear pink hats and light purple clothing. “The organization took the idea from a poem by Jenny Joseph that begins: When I am an old woman, I shall wear purple. With a red hat which doesn’t go.” said Ellen Cooper, who founded the Red Hat Society in 1998. When the ladies started to wear the red hats, they attracted lots of ‎ attention. “The point of this is that we need a rest from always doing something for someone else,” Cooper said. “Women feel so ashamed and sorry when they do something for themselves.” This is why chapters are discouraged from raising money or doing anything useful. “We’re a ladies’ play group. It couldn’t be more simple,” added Cooper’s assistant Joe Heywood. 47．Who set up the Red Hat Society ?  A．Emily Comette. B．Ellen Cooper. C．Jenny Joseph.  D．Joe Heywood. 48．Women join the Red Hat Society because          .  A．they want to stay young    B．they would like to appear more attractive  C．they would like to have fun and live for themselves  D．they want to be more like their parents 解析：这两题都是细节判断题。和47题相关的信息句是文中的：“The organization took the idea from a poem by Jenny Joseph that begins: When I am an old woman, I shall wear purple. With a red hat which doesn’t go.” said Ellen Cooper, who founded the Red Hat Society in 1998. 理解了这句话，我们不难得出答案B。 通过浏览我们了解了“the Red Hat Society”这个社团的性质和作用，再结合信息句 “Enter the Red Hat Society －a group holding the belief that old ladies should have fun.”，我们很容易得出48题正确答案为C。‎ ‎（05 福建卷 A 篇）Paul Zindel’s death on March 27,2003 ended the brilliant life of a famous writer. Not only did Paul Zindel win a Pulitzer Prize as well as an Obie Prize for his 1970 play The Effect of Gamma Rays on Man-in-the-Moon Marigolds, but he was one of the earliest writers in the field of contemporary（当代的） literature for young adults（成人）. The Pigman, published in 1968, is still one of the most well-known and widely-taught novels in the genre. The American Library Association has named it one of the 100 Best of the Best Books for Young Adults published between 1967 and 1992, and Zindel’s autobiography, The Pigman and Me, was among the 100 Best of the Best Books published for teenagers during the last part of the twentieth century. Six of Zindel’s books, in fact, have been voted the Best Books for Young Adults, and most of his recent horror books-such as The Doom Stone and Rats have been chosen as Quick Picks for Reluctant Young Adult Readers. Clearly, he was a writer who knew how to interest contemporary children. Recognizing that, the American Library Association in 2002 honored Paul Zindel with the Margaret ‎ A. Edwards Prize for his lifetime achievements, and later that same year he was presented with the ALAN Prize for his contributions to Young Adult Literature. With his passing, young readers, teachers, and librarians have lost a great friend. 56．Which of Paul Zindel’s books was the most popular with young adults in the 20th century?  A．The Pigman.  B．The Doom Stone.  C．The Pigman and Me.  D．The Effect of Gamma Rays on Man-in-the-Moon Marigolds. 57．Why was Paul Zindel honored with the Margaret A. Edwards Prize?  A．His books were widely read by children.  B．His books were interesting and helpful to adults.  C．He made great contributions to contemporary literature.  D．He wrote a number of horror books for young adults. 58．When did Paul Zindel win the ALAN Prize?  A．In 2002．  B．In 2003．  C．Between 1967 and 1992． D．Between 2002 and 2003． 59．Choose the correct statements from the following according to the passage.  a.The Pigman and Me was one of the Best Books for teenagers.  b.Zindel was one of the earliest writers who wrote for adults only.  c.The Doom Stone and Rats are not popular with young adults.  d.Zindel was given four prizes for literature before he died.  e.At least eight of Zindel’s books were very popular in his times.  A．c, d, e B．a, b, c C．a, b, d D．a, d, e 解析：这四题都是细节判断题。56、57、58三题, 只要我们根据题干的问句找到信息源，很快就能找到正确答案分别是：A、C、A，做第59题时我们要对五个陈述作出正误判断，b、c两个说法是错误的，因此，正确答案为D。 下面请同学们实战演练上述方法和技巧。‎ C7 [2013·山东卷] D Sparrow is a fast－food chain with 200 restaurants. Some years ago, the group to which Sparrow belonged was taken over by another company. Although Sparrow showed no sign of declining, the chain was generally in an unhealthy state. With more and more fast－food concepts reaching the market, the Sparrow menu had to struggle for attention. And to make matters worse, its new owner had no plans to give it the funds it required.‎ Sparrow failed to grow for another two years, until a new CEO, Carl Pearson, decided to build up its market share. He did a survey, which showed that consumers who already used Sparrow restaurants were extremely positive about the chain, while customers of other fast－food chains were unwilling to turn away from them. Sparrow had to develop a new promotional campaign. ‎ Pearson faced a battle over the future of the Sparrow brand. The chain's owner now favored rebranding Sparrow as Marcy's restaurants. Pearson resisted, arguing for an advertising campaign designed to convince customers that visits to Sparrow restaurants were fun. Such an attempt to establish a positive relationship between a company and the general public was unusual for that time. Pearson strongly believed that numbers were the key to success, rather than customers' spending power. Finally, the owner accepted his idea. ‎ The campaign itself changed the traditional advertising style of the fast－food industry. The TV ads of Sparrow focused on entertainment and featured original songs performed by a variety of stars. Instead of showing the superiority of a specific product, the intension was to put Sparrow in the hearts of potential customers.‎ Pearson also made other decisions which he believed would contribute to the new Sparrow image. For example, he offered to lower the rent of any restaurants which achieved a certain increase in their turnover (营业额)．‎ These efforts paid off, and Sparrow soon became one of the most successful fast－food chains in the regions where it operated.‎ ‎71．Which was one of the problems Sparrow faced before Pearson became CEO?‎ A. The number of its customers was declining.‎ B. Its customers found the food unhealthy.‎ C. It was in need of financial support.‎ D. Most of its restaurants were closed.‎ ‎72．What does the underlined word “them” in Paragraph 2 refer to?‎ A．Customers of Sparrow restaurants. ‎ B．Sparrow restaurants.‎ C．Customers of other fast－food chains. ‎ D．Other fast－food chains.‎ ‎73．For what purpose did Pearson start the advertising campaign?‎ A．To build a good relationship with the public.‎ B．To stress the unusual tradition of Sparrow.‎ C．To learn about customers' spending power.‎ D．To meet the challenge from Marcy's restaurants.‎ ‎74．The TV ads of Sparrow ________．‎ A．changed people's views on pop stars B．amused the public with original songs C．focused on the superiority of its products D．influenced the eating habits of the audience ‎75．What was Pearson's achievement as a CEO?‎ A．He managed to pay off Sparrow's debts.‎ B．He made Sparrow much more competitive.‎ C．He helped Sparrow take over a company.‎ D．He improved the welfare of Sparrow employees.‎ ‎【要点综述】 这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍拥有200家餐馆的Sparrow连锁快餐店从衰退到重生的过程。Pearson为此作出了很大的贡献。‎ ‎71．C　考查细节理解。从第一段的“And to make matters worse, its new owner had no plans to give it the funds it required.”可知，新的管理者没有计划给予它所需要的资金。故选C。‎ ‎72．D　考查词义猜测。从本句的“which showed that consumers who already used Sparrow restaurants were extremely positive about the chain, while customers of other fast－food chains were unwilling to turn away from them.”前后对比，them 是指other fast－food chains。故选D。‎ ‎73．A　考查细节理解。从第三段的“Such an attempt to establish a positive relationship between a company and the general public was unusual for that time.”可看出Pearson启动广告活动的目的是在公司与公众之间建立起一种积极的关系。故选A。‎ ‎74．B　考查细节理解。从第四段的“The TV ads of Sparrow focused on entertainment and ‎ featured original songs performed by a variety of stars.”和“…the intention was to put Sparrow in the hearts of potential customers.”可知，广告用原创的歌曲来娱乐公众，故选B。从“Instead of showing the superiority of a specific product…”可知C项不正确。‎ ‎75．B　考查细节理解。从全文看Pearson为Sparrow连锁店起死回生作出了很大的贡献，连锁店又受到公众的喜爱，具有竞争力了。‎