2018年江苏高考英语专题一语法知识：第4讲动词与动词短语.doc

由莲山课件提供http://www.5ykj.com/ 资源全部免费 第4讲　动词与动词短语 ‎1．Working with the medical team in Africa has_____ the best in her as a doctor.(2017·江苏，25)‎ A．held out B．brought out C．picked out D．given out 答案　B 解析　句意为：在非洲与医疗队的合作使她作为一名医生的最佳素质彰显了出来。hold out伸出，坚持；bring out使显现，使表现出；pick out挑选出，辨认出；give out分发，发出。‎ ‎2．A quick review of successes and failures at the end of year will help ________ your year ahead.(2017·江苏，30)‎ A．shape B．switch C．stretch D．sharpen 答案　A 解析　句意为：到了年底，快速回顾一下自己的成功和失败，这会有助于你为未来的一年做好规划。shape影响(某事物的发展)，符合语境。switch转换，转变；stretch变大，拉长；sharpen使变锋利，使增强。‎ ‎3．Mr and Mrs Brown would like to see their daughter ________，get married，and have kids.‎ ‎(2017·天津，5)‎ A．settle down B．keep off C．get up D．cut in 答案　A 解析　句意为：布朗夫妇希望看到女儿安顿下来(settle down)，结婚成家，生儿育女。keep off使避开，不接近；get up起床，站起来；cut in插嘴，打断别人说话。‎ ‎4．He did not ________ easily，but was willing to accept any constructive advice for a worthy cause.(2016·江苏，25)‎ A．approach B．wrestle C．compromise D．communicate 答案　C 解析　句意为：他不轻易妥协，但他很乐意接受对一项崇高事业的任何建设性的建议。compromise妥协，符合句意。‎ ‎5．Many businesses started up by college students have ________ thanks to the comfortable climate for business creation.(2016·江苏，30)‎ 由莲山课件提供http://www.5ykj.com/ 资源全部免费 由莲山课件提供http://www.5ykj.com/ 资源全部免费 A．fallen off B．taken off ‎ C．turned off D．left off 答案　B 解析　句意为：由于良好的创业环境，许多大学生的创业项目已经成功。take off成功，起飞，符合句意。fall off跌落，下降；turn off关掉；leave off停止(做)某事，戒掉，均不符合题意。‎ ‎6．Parents should actively urge their children to ________ the opportunity to join sports teams.(2016·江苏，33)‎ A．gain admission to B．keep track of C．take advantage of D．give rise to 答案　C 解析　句意为：父母应积极督促孩子抓住机会加入运动队。take advantage of利用，符合句意。gain admission to获准进入；keep track of与……保持联系；give rise to引起，导致，均不符合题意。‎ ‎7．We can achieve a lot when we learn to let our differences unite，rather than ________ us.‎ ‎(2016·浙江，8)‎ A．divide B．reject C．control D．abandon 答案　A 解析　句意为：当我们学会求同存异，而非对立分歧时，我们会收获颇多。divide分开；reject拒绝；control控制；abandon放弃，抛弃。根据句意可知选A。‎ ‎8．When their children lived far away from them，these old people felt ________ from the world.‎ ‎(2016·浙江，12)‎ A．carried away B．broken down C．cut off D．brought up 答案　C 解析　句意为：当孩子们住得离他们很远时，这些老人们感觉与外界隔离了。carry away带走，夺走；break down抛锚，垮掉；cut off切断，隔离；bring up抚养，提出。 根据句意可知选C。‎ ‎9．When the time came to make the final decision for a course，I decided to apply for the one that ________ my interest.(2016·浙江，14)‎ A．limited B．reserved C．reflected D．spoiled 答案　C 解析　‎ 由莲山课件提供http://www.5ykj.com/ 资源全部免费 由莲山课件提供http://www.5ykj.com/ 资源全部免费 句意为：当最后决定选一门课程时，我决定申请那门反映我兴趣的课程。reflect反映，体现，符合语境。limit限制；reserve预订，保留；spoil毁掉，溺爱。‎ ‎10．Mary was silent during the early part of the discussion but finally she ________ her opinion on the subject.(2016·天津，8)‎ A．gave voice to B．kept an eye on C．turned a deaf ear to D．set foot on 答案　A 解析　句意为：玛丽在讨论初期保持了沉默，但最终还是提出了对这一话题的看法。give voice to意为“表达对……的想法”，符合语境。keep an eye on照看，留意；turn a deaf ear to对……充耳不闻；set foot on进入，参观。‎ ‎11．I hate it when she calls me at work—I’m always too busy to ________ a conversation with her.(2016·天津，14)‎ A．carry on B．break into C．turn down D．cut off 答案　A 解析　句意为：我讨厌工作时她给我打电话——我一直很忙，没时间与她进行谈话。carry on意为“进行，继续”，符合语境。break into打断，闯入；turn down调低，拒绝；cut off停止，中断。‎ ‎12．Schools should be lively places where individuals are encouraged to ________ to their greatest potential.(2015·江苏，22)‎ A．accelerate B．improve C．perform D．develop 答案　D 解析　句意为：学校应该是鼓励个人发展他们最大潜力的、充满活力的地方。accelerate加速；improve改善；perform执行；develop发展。‎ ‎13．The university started some new language programs to ________ the country’s Silk Road Economic Belt.(2015·江苏，27)‎ A．apply to B．cater for C．appeal to D．hunt for 答案　B 解析　句意为：大学开始开设一些新的语言项目，以迎合国家的丝绸之路经济带。apply to 适用于，申请；cater for 迎合，满足所需；appeal to 呼吁，上诉；hunt for 搜寻。‎ ‎14．The whole team ________ Cristiano Ronaldo，and he seldom lets them down.(2015·江苏，29)‎ A．wait on B．focus on C．count on D．call on 由莲山课件提供http://www.5ykj.com/ 资源全部免费 由莲山课件提供http://www.5ykj.com/ 资源全部免费 答案　C 解析　句意为：整个球队依靠克里斯蒂亚诺·罗纳尔多，而他很少让他们失望。wait on 服侍，等待；focus on 集中于，关注；count on依靠，指望；call on 拜访，号召，呼吁。‎ ‎15．Studies have shown that the right and left ear ________ sound differently.(2015·浙江，5)‎ A．produce B．pronounce C．process D．download 答案　C 解析　句意为：研究表明左右耳处理声音的方式不同。process加工，处理，符合语境。produce生产，制作，创作；pronounce发音；download下载。‎ ‎16．If steel is heavier than water，why are ships able to ________ on the sea？(2015·浙江，16)‎ A．float B．drown C．shrink D．split 答案　A 解析　句意为：如果钢铁比水重的话，那为什么轮船能够浮在海面上？float漂浮，符合语境。drown淹没，(使)溺死；shrink(使)收缩，(使)缩小；split (使)裂开，(使)破裂。‎ ‎17．If you come to visit China，you will________ a culture of amazing depth and variety.‎ ‎(2015·安徽，22)‎ A．develop B．create C．substitute D．experience 答案　D 解析　句意为：如果你来访问中国，你将体验到有着惊人的深度和多元化的文化。develop开发；create创造；substitute替代；experience经历，体验。‎ ‎18．The team are working hard to ________ the problem so that they can find the best solution.‎ ‎(2015·湖北，23)‎ A．face B．prevent C．raise D．analyze 答案　D 解析　句意为：这个团队正在努力分析这个问题，以便他们能找到最好的解决方法。根据题干中的find the best solution可知，在找到最好的解决方法之前应该是先努力“分析(analyze)”问题。face面对；prevent阻止；raise提高。‎ ‎19．In order not to be heard，she pointed her finger upwards to ________ that someone was moving about upstairs.(2015·湖北，24)‎ A．whisper B．signal C．declare D．complain 由莲山课件提供http://www.5ykj.com/ 资源全部免费 由莲山课件提供http://www.5ykj.com/ 资源全部免费 答案　B 解析　句意为：为了不让别人听到自己的声音，她竖起手指示意有人正在楼上走动。根据题干中的pointed her finger upwards可知，她只是竖起手指示意，并没有出声。signal意为“示意”，所以答案选B项。whisper低语；declare宣布；complain抱怨。‎ ‎20．If you have any doubts about your health，you’d better________ your doctor at once.‎ ‎(2015·天津，11)‎ A．convince B．consult C．avoid D．affect 答案　B 解析　句意为：如果你对自己的健康状况有所怀疑的话，你最好马上咨询医生。consult请教，咨询，找(医生)诊治，符合语境。convince使相信，使明白；avoid避免；affect影响。‎ ‎1．有些动词，如feel，look，taste等，既可用作系动词，又可用作实义动词，怎么判断呢？系动词常跟形容词作表语；实义动词则常用副词作状语；系动词一般不用进行时，但在表示语意客气、生动、亲切时，可用进行时。‎ The newly-invented drinking tastes quite unique.‎ 这种新研制的饮料尝起来挺独特的。(系动词)‎ The chef is tasting the fish carefully.‎ 厨师正在仔细地品尝这条鱼。(实义动词)‎ ‎2．run out/run out of的区别：run out是不及物动词短语，无被动语态，主语通常是表示时间、食物、金钱等的名词；run out of是及物动词短语，相当于use up，主语通常为人。‎ My money ran out.我的钱花完了。‎ I ran out of my money.我把钱花完了。‎ ‎3．具体语境中对动词“熟词生义”的考查。如下列单词的“熟词生义”：‎ ache渴望；address在……上写地址；appreciate理解，意识到；count有价值；cover足以支付；develop逐渐形成；draw推断出；escape被忘掉；fail使失望，衰退；invite招致；observe遵守，庆祝；push督促；promise预示；part分手，放弃；read写着；relate讲述；say假设；walk遛等。‎ ‎4．常见的基础词汇如get，take，put，break，look，call等构成的短语一直是高考考查的重点。如：If the new safety system had been put to use，the accident would never have happened.句中put...to use是固定搭配，意为“利用/使用……”。As their children lived far away from them，these old people felt cut off from the world.此句中的cut off意为“隔绝，隔离”。‎ 由莲山课件提供http://www.5ykj.com/ 资源全部免费 由莲山课件提供http://www.5ykj.com/ 资源全部免费 ‎1．Roger trained hard for the tournament for months，but unfortunately he had to ________ due to a knee injury.(2017·苏北六市联考，32)‎ A．pull out B．work out C．try out D．give out 答案　A 解析　句意为：Roger为了这次锦标赛艰苦训练了好几个月，但不幸的是，由于膝伤，他不得不退出。work out计算出，锻炼；try out试验，选拔；give out散发，分发，用完。pull out退出，(使)离开，符合语境，故选A项。‎ ‎2．If you want to go further in the new sport，the best way is to ________ and practise more frequently.(2017·南通、扬州、泰州、淮安三模，22)‎ A．dive in B．drop out C．catch on D．spring up 答案　A 解析　句意为：如果你想在这项新的运动上走得更远，最好的方法就是热切地投入和更加频繁地练习。dive in热切地加入，符合句意。drop out退出，辍学；catch on流行起来；spring up突然出现。故选A项。‎ ‎3．If you manage to survive the crisis，think about how it will help you ________ new challenges.(2017·镇江期末，30)‎ A．give up B．take up C．hold up D．put up 答案　B 解析　句意为：如果你设法在危机中幸存下来，思考一下它将如何帮助你接受新的挑战。take up接受，拿起，举起，占据(空间或时间)，开始从事，符合句意。give up放弃；hold up举起，支撑，耽搁，延误；put up举起，升起，设立，建造，提供住宿，张贴，悬挂。故选B项。‎ ‎4．You wouldn’t normally ________ these two writers；their styles are completely different.(2017·泰州中学摸底考试，27)‎ A．distinguish B．associate C．adjust D．divorce 答案　B 解析　句意为：你通常不会把这两位作家联系在一起，他们的风格完全不同。associate把……联系在一起，使有关系，符合题意。distinguish区别，区分；adjust调整，校准；divorce离婚，使分离。‎ 由莲山课件提供http://www.5ykj.com/ 资源全部免费 由莲山课件提供http://www.5ykj.com/ 资源全部免费 ‎5．Sharing a flat with someone helps ease one’s loneliness，but living alone ________ me，for I can play music as loud as I want.(2017·泰州中学摸底考试，30)‎ A．caters to B．refers to C．appeals to D．responds to 答案　C 解析　句意为：和某人共享一个公寓有助于缓解孤独感，但独居对我更有吸引力，因为我可以将音乐播放到我想要的那样响。appeal to sb.对某人有吸引力，符合句意。cater to款待，为……服务；refer to参考，指的是；respond to响应，回应。‎ ‎6．As its economy is maturing，China’s ________ a greater role in critical issues like climate and development.(2017·南京三模，30)‎ A．defining B．assuming C．guaranteeing D．assuring 答案　B 解析　句意为：随着经济的成熟，在像气候和发展那样的重要问题上中国正在承担更大的作用。define定义，使明确；guarantee保证，担保；assure保证，确保。均不符合语境。assume承担，呈现，假定，认为，assume a greater role承担更大的作用，符合题意，故选B项。‎ ‎7．The recently released film Kong：Skull Island successfully ________ the audience to the adventure with Dolby 3-D technology.(2017·南京三模，35)‎ A．transports B．adjusts C．transforms D．relates 答案　A 解析　句意为：最近上映的电影《金刚·骷髅岛》成功地用杜比三维立体技术把观众带入了这次冒险经历中。adjust调节，适应；transform使改观，使变形；relate联系，均不符合语境。transport在此处表示“使产生身临其境的感觉”，符合语境，故选A项。‎ ‎8．In the virtual laboratory environment created in the VR app，students can ________ a particular experiment before doing them in a real lab.(2017·苏锡常镇四市二模，29)‎ A．reveal B．reserve C．preview D．provide 答案　C 解析　句意为：在用虚拟现实应用程序创设的虚拟实验室环境中，学生们可以在真正的实验室实验之前预先进行某个特定的实验。根据before doing them in a real lab可知，此处指预先进行实验，preview预展，预演，符合语境。故选C项。‎ ‎9．The Palace of Versailles，France’s national treasure，has ________ many changes in its century-long history while keeping its beauty.(2017·苏锡常镇四市二模，23)‎ 由莲山课件提供http://www.5ykj.com/ 资源全部免费 由莲山课件提供http://www.5ykj.com/ 资源全部免费 A．gone through B．taken on C．led to D．showed off 答案　A 解析　句意为：凡尔赛宫，法国的国宝，在它一个世纪的历史中，经历了许多变化却依然美丽。take on呈现，接纳；lead to导致；show off炫耀。go through经历，经受，此处注意动宾搭配，go through changes经历变化，符合语境，故选A项。‎ ‎10．Owing to The Chinese Poetry Competition，publications on classical Chinese literature are ________ a significant share of storage space at the bookstore.(2017·苏锡常镇四市二模，31)‎ A．taking up B．dividing up C．breaking up D．putting up 答案　A 解析　句意为：得益于《中国诗词大会》节目的播出，有关中国经典文学的出版物占据了书店存储空间的重要位置。take up占据；divide up分割；break up解散；put up提出。根据句意可知，答案为A。‎ ‎11．Friendship does not merely ________ a sharing of activities；it is a sharing of self on a very personal level.(2017·苏州调研，23)‎ A．involve B．request C．associate D．deliver 答案　A 解析　句意为：友谊并不仅仅包含一起参加活动；它还是一种从非常个人的角度对自我的分享。involve包含，需要，使成为必然部分(或结果)，符合句意。request要求，请求；associate联系，联想；deliver递送，运送，发表(讲话)，接生。‎ ‎12．I think the experiment supports my theory，but I need to ________ the results a couple of times to make sure that no mistakes were made while collecting the data.(2017·苏州调研，27)‎ A．get over B．take over C．hand over D．go over 答案　D 解析　句意为：我认为这个实验支持我的理论，但是我需要仔细检查几次结果以确保在收集数据的时候没有犯错。go over仔细检查，温习，复习，符合句意。get over克服，战胜，恢复；take over接收，接管，控制；hand over交给，递给，移交。‎ ‎13．—I regret to tell you that the council did not ________ our plan.‎ ‎—Oh，what a shame！(2017·南京、盐城一模，29)‎ A．smile on B．concentrate on C．see through D．live through 由莲山课件提供http://www.5ykj.com/ 资源全部免费 由莲山课件提供http://www.5ykj.com/ 资源全部免费 答案　A 解析　句意为：——我遗憾地告诉你委员会不赞同我们的计划。——哦，真可惜！smile on对……加以称赞，对……青睐，符合句意。concentrate on专心于……，集中精力在……上；see through看穿，识破；live through经历过，经受住，经历……而幸存。‎ ‎14．The computer program of the 1970s was unable to ________ between letters and numbers.‎ ‎(2017·南通一模，31)‎ A．discriminate B．conclude C．negotiate D．compensate ‎ 答案　A 解析　句意为：20世纪70年代的电脑程序无法区分字母和数字。discriminate歧视，区别，辨别；conclude断定，结束；negotiate协商，谈判；compensate弥补，补偿。discriminate between letters and numbers区分字母和数字，符合题意，故选A项。‎ ‎15．—He could have put pressure on us to adopt his proposal.‎ ‎—Yes，but he didn’t ________.(2017·苏锡常镇四市一模，25)‎ A．make his way B．get his way C．give his way D．feel his way 答案　B 解析　句意为：——他本可以对我们施加压力来采纳他的提议。——是的，但是他并没有为所欲为。make one’s way前进，行进；get one’s way随心所欲，为所欲为；没有give one’s way这种形式，只有give way to “给……让路，被……所取代”；feel one’s way摸索着前进。根据句意选B项。‎ ‎16．A recent research shows smoking and drinking ________ with your body’s ability to process oxygen，thus greatly affecting your health.(2016·苏锡常镇四市二模，27)‎ A．identify B．correspond C．combine D．interfere 答案　D 解析　句意为：最近一项研究显示，吸烟和饮酒影响你身体吸收氧气的能力，从而极大地影响你的健康。identify确定；correspond对应；combine结合；interfere干扰。故选D。‎ ‎17．AlphaGo’s beating Go grandmaster Lee Sedol 4-1 has ________ an international debate about whether robots will completely take the place of humans.(2016·苏锡常镇四市二模，29)‎ A．given off B．worked out C．set off D．put out ‎ 答案　C 解析　句意为：人工智能机器人阿尔法围棋以4：1打败围棋大师李世石引发了一场关于机器人是否将完全取代人类的国际争论。give off发出；work out算出；set off动身，引起；put 由莲山课件提供http://www.5ykj.com/ 资源全部免费 由莲山课件提供http://www.5ykj.com/ 资源全部免费 ‎ out熄灭。故选C。‎ ‎18．In time of anger，do yourself a favor by ________ it in a quiet place so that you won’t be hurt by its flames.(2016·苏锡常镇四市二模，25)‎ A．releasing B．recovering C．refreshing D．recycling 答案　A 解析　句意为：在气愤时心疼一下自己，找个僻静处散散心，宣泄宣泄，不要让那些无名之火伤到自己。 release释放；recover恢复，再生；refresh恢复精神；recycle回收利用。‎ ‎19．You are not ________ to unemployment benefit if you have never worked.‎ A．accustomed B．resigned C．entitled D．submitted 答案　C 解析　句意为：如果你从来没有工作过的话，就没有资格享受失业救济金。accustom使习惯；resign辞职；submit屈服，投降。entitle使符合资格，entitle sb.to sth.使某人有……的资格或权利，符合语境，故选C项。‎ ‎20．By applying the theory to the problem，we can brush away the details and ________ simple patterns.‎ A．release B．reject C．reveal D．replace 答案　C 解析　句意为：通过把这个理论应用于这个问题，我们能够去除细节，使简单的模式显现出来。release释放，发布；reject拒绝，排斥；replace代替。reveal显示，揭示，符合题意，故选C项。 ‎ 由莲山课件提供http://www.5ykj.com/ 资源全部免费