2015中考英语 阅读题型三 任务阅读.doc

阅读题型三 任务阅读 7‎ ‎01 命题趋势 考标导向化 ‎1.命题原则 任务型阅读在近几年的中考试卷中频频出现，任务型阅读要求学生在阅读理解的基础上，去完成多项任务或问题，注重学生运用语言“做事”的能力，是考查学生运用所学英语知识解决实际问题的一种新题型，占中考总分值的10%左右。‎ ‎2.考查题型 任务型阅读的题型多样，主要有三种题型：填写表格型，回答问题型及综合任务型。‎ 预计2015年任务型阅读的题材和体裁也会多样化，材料更趋知识化、现代化和生活化，以突出实用性和时代性；在命题方面难度将略有提高，考查方式更加多变、全面，命题将从不同的角度出发，全面考查学生对知识的综合掌握能力以及完成各项任务的能力。‎ ‎02 题型解读 能力提升化 ‎◆类型Ⅰ回答问题型 ‎【解题策略】‎ 此类阅读题目的问题多为特殊疑问句。问题的内容小到一个词的词义，大到概述故事的大意；可以提问一件事，也可以推断作者的意图，评价作品的内容。问题可以是单一问题，也可以是综合性问题或发挥性问题。做回答问题型的阅读理解需要把握一些细节事实，如who, when，where，which，what等事实。建议采用逆读查找法，即先看题目，通过题目了解文章大意，再看短文，有目的地突破细节。‎ ‎【题组训练】‎ A(2014·北京)‎ Almost every kid in this country has ever eaten Hershey chocolate. But do you know that the Hershey chocolate factory is more than one hundred years old? And do you know that the father of Hershey Chocolate，Milton Hershey，had many failures in business before he started his famous company?‎ Milton Hershey grew up in Pennsylvania. Before he became interested in making chocolate，he worked as a printer for a small newspaper at first，and then decided that printing was not the right job for him.‎ Then he worked at a candy factory in Lancaster. After working a few years there，he decided to open his own little candy business near Philadelphia. His first business failed because it was not making money. After that，he went to Denver to learn how to make caramels(焦糖).He took his new skills back to New York and worked selling candies on the street. But his second business also failed.‎ Finally，Milton Hershey moved back to Pennsyl vania where he grew up. He then experimented with all sorts of different candies and chocolate. By 1893 he was selling a million dollars worth of caramel candy each year. Since his chocolate-flavored(巧克力味的)caramels were the best selling，he decided to make chocolate himself.‎ By experimenting，Milton Hershey discovered how to make delicious chocolate. The area where he lived had a large and easy supply of milk and sugar，which helped him succeed in his chocolate business. In 1903，Milton Hershey built a huge chocolate factory and a town to go with it.‎ Today，the town of Hershey is still the home of the factory that Milton Hershey built. And if you ever visit，you can smell delicious chocolate smells just but driving through the town.‎ The factory is not so hard to find. Just travel down Cocoa Avenue until you get to East Chocolate Avenue. Turn right at the traffic lights and just follow your nose.‎ ‎1.Who is the father of Hershey Chocolate?‎ ‎______________________________________________‎ ‎2.Where did he grow up?‎ ‎______________________________________________‎ ‎3.Why did he go to Denver?‎ ‎______________________________________________‎ ‎4.Why did he decide to make chocolate himself?‎ ‎________________________________________________‎ ‎5.What might be the reasons for Hershey’s success in his chocolate business?‎ ‎________________________________________________‎ B(2014·长沙)‎ The World Wide Web(www万维网)turned 25 years old on March 12th.It has become a very important part in our daily lives. We can’t imagine living without the Web，the short form of the World Wide Web.‎ 7‎ In 1898，a British engineer named Time Berners-Lee came up with the idea of the Web.It is a group of “pages” of information that are connected to each other around the world.That is the very beginning of the Web.Since then，the Web has greatly changed the way people live.With a click(点击)of a mouse we can read news，buy things，make friends and learn anything we’re interested in.‎ Now，25 years after its birth，how will the Web influence life in the future?Scientists believe there are both advantages and disadvantages.‎ A growing Web will help build ‘better relationships’ between different cultures.Also in the future，everyday items could be connected to the Web.We could share plenty of information to make our daily lives more convenient(方便的).So one day in the future，your front door could send you a message，“Dear sir，everyone has left the house，but I’m still open!”‎ But scientists warn(警告)us that if we share personal information on the Internet it could get into the wrong hands.‎ ‎“It’s not wise to spend a whole day in front of the screen.People need to get close to nature and enjoy the sun.Never be controlled by the Internet.”Said Berners-Lee.‎ ‎1.How old is the World Wide Web?‎ ‎_____________________________________‎ ‎2.Who came up with the idea of the Web?‎ ‎_______________________________________‎ ‎3.What can we do by clicking a mouse according to the message?‎ ‎_________________________________________‎ ‎4.Will the Web influence life in the future?‎ ‎________________________________________‎ ‎5.What could happen if we share personal information on the Internet?‎ ‎_________________________________________‎ C(2014·临沂)‎ Do you know something about Akuapem people?They live in eastern Ghana(加纳)，where the sunshine hugs all the time.They are very friendly.Now let’s have a look at how the Akuapem people receive a visitor.‎ A visitor is often welcomed warmly in a family of Akuapem.After the visitor is welcomed into the house，he is offered a seat and water at the very beginning，for the host(主人)thinks that the visitor must have come from a very long trip and is in need of water.Then the host family greet the visitor by saying “Akwaaba”.More interestingly，if there is a group of visitors，the host will greet the visitors from right to left.And the host shakes only with his right hand，because the left hand is regarded dirty according to the Akuapem people.‎ Next，the visitor is asked how his trip was and why he has come.While the conversation is going on，the wife and children，especially girls，are cooking food for the visitor.The visitor can choose the food.After the visitor has finished eating，the host and the visitor continue their conversation.Usually this is a short one since the visitor is getting ready to say goodbye.‎ When the visitor is leaving，he is often given some food to take along.He is also accompanied(陪伴)by one of the children to the nearest station.The child who accompanies the visitor will not come back home until the visitor leaves safely.‎ No matter if he is a close or just a passer-by(过路人)，this is always the way that the friendly Akuapem people receive a visitor.‎ ‎1.What is the visitor offered at first by the family of Akuapem?‎ ‎__________________________________________________‎ ‎2.Why does the host shake only with his right hand?‎ ‎_________________________________________________‎ ‎3.Who are cooking food while the host is chatting with the visitor?‎ ‎_________________________________________________‎ ‎4.When will the child who accompanies the visitor to the station come back home?‎ ‎_________________________________________________‎ ‎5.What does the article mainly talk about?‎ ‎_________________________________________________‎ ‎◆类型Ⅱ 填写表格型 7‎ ‎【解题策略】‎ 填写表格型通常是先给出一段阅读材料，根据材料所给的信息填写表格、补全句子或短文中空缺的信息。此类题目通常难度不大，大部分信息都可以直接在材料中找到，因此考生只要通读材料，注意所填信息在原文中的出处，就不难完成任务。但是也有个别信息考生不可能直接在材料中找出，需要根据某些细节、线索或关键词语进行推理、归纳才能完成任务。填写时重在达意，并不一定要用短文中的原词。对于填表式阅读理解，关键在于分析图表中已存在的信息点，然后根据已给出的信息点寻找相对应的信息。‎ ‎【题组训练】‎ A(2014·徐州)‎ Eric and Chen first met in their Maths class at an American college.Chen was an international student from China.He wanted to learn about American culture and hoped he and Eric would become good friends.At first，Eric seemed friendly.He always greeted Chen warmly before class.Sometimes he offered to study with Chen.He even invited Chen to eat lunch with him.But after the term was over and they were in different classes，Eric seemed more distant.‎ They didn’t see each other very much at college.One day Chen called Eric，but Eric didn’t seem very interested in talking to him.Chen was hurt by Eric’s change of attitude(态度).“Eric said we were friends，”Chen said.“I thought friends were friends forever.”As a foreigner，he doesn’t understand the way Americans view friendship.‎ Americans use the word “friend” in a very general way.Their friendship is based on common interests.When the shared activity ends，the friendship may die.Now as Eric and Chen are no longer classmates，their “friendship” has changed.‎ In some cultures friendship means a strong life-long tie between two people.Friendship develops slowly，since it is built to last.American society(社会)changes quickly.Studies show one-fifth of American families move every year.American friendship develops quickly，and it may change just as quickly.‎ Learning how Americans view friendship can help non-Americans remove misunderstandings(误解).It can also help them make friends in the American way.‎ How Americans view friendship ‎__1___?‎ Chen: a 2 college student in the US ‎ Eric: an American college student What happened?‎ At first Eric was 3 : greeting Chen warmly before class;offering to study with Chen; 4 Chen to have lunch with him.‎ After the 5 was over. Eric changed-he didn’t want to 6 to Chen. Chen was hurt.‎ The ‎ explanation In some countries friendship develops 7 :it means a strong long-life tie between two people.‎ American society changes quickly. 8 percent of American families move every year. Their friendship develops quickly and may 9 just as quickly.‎ American friendship based on common 10.Learning this can help people understand each other better.‎ ‎1.___________2._________3._________4.__________‎ ‎5._________6._________7.__________8.___________‎ ‎9.__________10.__________‎ B(2014·常州)‎ In modern society(社会)there is a great deal of argument about competition.Some value it highly，for they believe that it is helpful for social progress and richness.Others say that competition is bad，and that it sets one person against another and leads to unfriendliness between people.I have 7‎ ‎ trained many children who held the belief(看法)that their self-worth came from how well they performed at tennis and other skills.For them，playing well and winning are often life-and-death matters.Sadly，they forget to develop many other human qualities.‎ However，while some seem to be lost in the strong wish to succeed，others think quite the opposite.In a culture which values only the winner and pays no attention to the ordinary(普通)players，they strongly blame competition，especially youngsters who have suffered under competitive pressures(压力)from their parents or society.Teaching these young people，I often find that they even choose to fail.They seem to choose failure by not trying to win or achieve success.By not trying，they always have an excuse.“I may have lost，but it doesn’t matter because I really didn’t try.” In fact，they are worried that if they had really tried and failed，the failure would mean that they were worth nothing.‎ Clearly，this belief is the same as that of the true competitors who try to prove themselves.Both are based on the mistaken belief that one’s self-worth comes from how well one performs in comparison(比较)with others.Both are afraid of not being valued.We can only discover a new meaning in competitions as such worries and fear begin to disappear.‎ Title: Opinions about competition Main argument Some believe that competition can push society 1 ，while others think competition 2 unfriendliness between people.‎ Children’s ‎ performances Some children 3 care about performing well and winning. Some children give up trying to prevent themselves from 4 .‎ Reason behind They think one can prove his self-worth only by performing better than others in competition.‎ Writer’s 5 ‎ Understand the new meaning of competition.‎ ‎1.________2._______3._______4.________5._________‎ C(2014·烟台)‎ Do you think that living a hungry life is last century’s story?Well，it may be this century’s headline.‎ The world has growing worries about a global food shortage.Right now，there are still 870 million hungry people in the world，according to a survey of the UN Food and Agriculture Organization.Children can’t escape this，either.Around fifteen million children die of hunger each year.‎ What’s causing food shortages?There are several reasons.‎ There are now more droughts and floods.This is very harmful to farmers and their ability to grow food.‎ Besides，with the growing population，feeding everyone becomes more difficult.There are a little more than seven billion people in the world.By 2050，the world population will be more than nine billion.‎ Another reason is food waste.The average person throws away 50kg of food every year.‎ How can we help with food shortages?The easiest way is to cut down on food waste.‎ Next time before throwing away the food on your plate，just think how much work has been done to make it.By buying less，we waste less.This takes the pressure off producing so much food.And it helps to solve the problem of food shortage.‎ You can also ask your schoolmates to join you.‎ In 2013,researchers at Kansas State University in the US put up short anti-waste slogans(标语)in dining rooms “Think Before You Waste”.Guess what happened?Students wasted fifteen percent less food after that.‎ The author of the study said.“You don’t need a huge activity to make a difference.”‎ Reasons of ‎ food shortage ‎1.___________________________‎ The growing population.‎ ‎2.___________________________‎ Ways of ‎ ‎3 .‎ ‎4.___________________________‎ Ask the other students to join in your anti-waste work Your understanding of the last ‎5._________________________‎ 7‎ ‎ sentence.‎ ‎◆类型Ⅲ 综合任务型 ‎【解题策略】‎ 这类阅读理解一般是给出一篇短文，将短文中的若干处做标记，然后根据所标记的内容给出不同要求的阅读任务。要求学生通过阅读短文来完成这些阅读任务，从而考查学生的语言综合运用能力。‎ 做此类试题一定不能把所给的阅读任务从短文中割裂开来单独对待。一定要联系上下文，因为所给的任务中，比方说常常会有推测词义或是翻译句子等类型任务，则一定要结合上下文，从上下文的关系中去联想和推测才能得到准确含义。此类型试题一般形式多样，从各方面考虑学生的语言运用能力。考生唯有平时多加训练自己的基础知识方可从容应对。‎ ‎【题组训练】‎ A(2014·随州)‎ How can you think in English?I think the best way is to practice as what a football player does every day.During the practice,the football players pass the ball to his teammates over and over again，so they won’t have to think about passing the ball in the game，they will just do it.You can train yourself to think in English in this way.The first step is to think of the words that you use daily，simple everyday words like book，shoe or tree.For example，whenever you see a “ book” ① you should think of it in English _____ ______in your mother language.② After you have learned to think of words in English，You’d better go on to the next step—thinking of sentences in English.‎ ‎③ 听是学英语的一个非常有用的方法。Listen first and don’t care too much about whether you understand what you’re hearing.Try to say what you hear as much as possible.The more you listen，the better you learn.After you reach a higher level,start having conversations with yourself in English.This will lead you to think in English.‎ 根据短文内容，按要求完成下列任务。‎ ‎1.在①句的空白处分别填入适当的词，使句意完整、上下文通顺。‎ ‎________________‎ ‎2.将②句译成中文。‎ ‎_________________________________________‎ ‎3.将③句译成英文。‎ ‎_________________________________________‎ ‎4.在文中找出与“If you listen more，you’ll learn better”意思相近的句子。‎ ‎_________________________________________‎ ‎5.写出或在文中找出最能表达文章大意的句子。‎ ‎___________________________________‎ B(2014·十堰)‎ Boys and girls，this summer vacation is the time for you to take your mind off homework and prepare yourself for the future.The following is some advice on how to make your vacation meaningful and colorful.‎ Take regular exercise. You’ve worked hard most of the time.Therefore，you need to join in outdoor activities，which can bring your whole body into action. You can improve your________ (1)by doing different kinds of exercise such as swimming，jogging and mountain climbing.‎ Learn some basic life skills.One day，you will live alone.You can’t __________(2)on your family any longer. So，you should learn to cook，wash and other practical skills.‎ Go for a journey.Travel to places of interest.In this way，you’ll understand cultures that are different from that of your hometown.Beautiful sights can also make you relaxed.‎ Enjoy family time.Don’t always sit in front of a computer.It’s great fun for family members to sit around the table，discussing sports，clothes or other common topics.‎ If you follow the advice above，your summer vacation will be full of joy and meaning.‎ We wish you a wonderful time!‎ 任务一：请根据短文内容，分别写出①、②处所缺的单词。(每空限填一词)‎ ‎1.①_____________② _____________‎ 任务二：从短文中选择恰当的单词或短语补全句子 ‎2.(A)Chinese families _______ getting together during traditional festivals.‎ ‎(B)I suppose my life in senior high school will _________ challenges.‎ 任务三：请把上文中画线的句子译成汉语 ‎3._______________________________________‎ 任务四：请根据短文内容回答下列问题 ‎4.How many pieces of advice are mentioned in the passage above?‎ 7‎ ‎_____________.‎ ‎5. What’s the main idea of the passage?‎ ‎_________________________________________________.‎ C(2014·泰州)‎ As we know，everyone can make mistakes，but don’t. The following is what we should do when we make mistakes.‎ Firstly，just admit(承认)it. Don’t think that our mistakes are caused by others. Be brave and face the fact that we have made the mistakes. Don’t blame other people，and don’t cheat(欺骗)ourselves，either.(1)After we make mistakes，we can prevent them disturbing us by laughing at ourselves.‎ Secondly，(2) ______ ______ at once. In order to stop the problem from getting worse，we should act quickly to solve it.If we don’t act and deal with the problem quickly，it’ll only make us feel more stressed.Also it is necessary to make a plan of action and correct the mistake according to it，so decide quickly and act.‎ Thirdly，realize that making mistakes is the best way to learn.Those who have made the most mistakes can get an A，for they are the ones who have learned the most.The more we learn from our mistakes，the cleverer we are.‎ And lastly，think about what we can learn from our mistakes.What caused us to make the mistake?How can we avoid(避免)making the same mistake in the future?When we act with a method(方法)to get a good result，do it that way next time.If we don’t，we should stop，think about it，change it and try again.‎ ‎1.把(1)句译成中文。‎ ‎____________________________________________________‎ ‎2.在(2)句的空白处分别填入一个适当的词使句意完整、上下文通顺。‎ ‎____________________________________________________‎ ‎3.回答问题：What should we do if we don’t get a good result with a method?‎ ‎_______________________________________________‎ ‎4.在文中找出与“If we learn more from our mistakes，we will become cleverer.”意思相近的句子。‎ ‎_____________________________________________________‎ ‎5.在文中找出最能表达该短文主题的句子。‎ ‎______________________________________________________‎ 7‎ 参考答案：‎ 阅读题型三任务型阅读 ‎◆类型Ⅰ回答问题型 A）1.Milton Hershey.2.He grew up in Pennsylvania.‎ ‎3.Because he wanted to learn how to make caramels.‎ ‎4.Because his chocolate—flavored caramels were the best selling.5.His courage，new skills，determination and the large and easy supply of milk and sugar.‎ B）1.25 years old.2.A British engineer named Tim Berners—Lee.3.We can read news，buy things，make friends and learn anything we’re interested in.4.Yes，it will.5.It could get into the wrong hands.‎ C）1.A seat and water2.Because the left hand is regarded dirty according to the Akuapem people.3.The wife and children，especially girls.4.After the visitor leaves safely.(The child who accompanies the visitor to the station won’t come back home until the visitor leaves safely.)‎ ‎5.How the Akuapem people receive a visitor.(The way that the friendly Akuapem people receive a visitor.)‎ ‎◆类型Ⅱ填写表格型 A）1.Who2.Chinese3.friendly4.inviting5.term ‎6.talk7.slowly8.209.change10.interests B）1.forward2.causes3.only/just4.failing5.suggestions/advice C）1.More droughts and floods.2.Food waste.3.helping with food shortages4.Cut down on food waste.‎ ‎5.Stop wasting from ourselves and from tiny/little things.‎ 7‎ ‎◆类型Ⅲ综合任务型 A）1.instead； of2.学会用英语思考单词后，你最好继续下一步——用英语思考句子。3.Listening is a very useful way to learn English.4.The more you listen，the better you learn.5.How can you think in English?‎ B）1.①health/body②depend/rely/count2.A.enjoy B.be full of3.美丽的风景也可以让你(身心)放松。4.Four/45.(It’s about)some advice on how to make your(our，my)vacation meaningful and colorful.‎ C）1.在我们犯错误后，我们可以通过嘲笑我们自己，阻止它们来打扰我们。2.solve it3.We should stop，think about it，change it and try again if we don’t get a good result with a method.4.The more we learn from our mistakes，the cleverer we are.5.The more we learn from our mistakes，the cleverer we are.‎ 7‎