2018版 专题限时集训14　阅读七选五——说明文(Ⅲ).doc

1 专题限时集训(十四) 阅读七选五——说明 文(Ⅲ) (对应学生用书第 117 页) A 【导学号：52384062】 (2017·长春市质监一)Are you having trouble concentrating when you're reading a book or listening to a lecture？This list of activities might help to improve your study habits. Make a list.We often have trouble paying attention to one thing because our brain wants to think about something else. 1 You don't worry about whatever else you should be doing. Sleep more.Studies show that people who sleep fewer than eight hours a night for a period of time have slower response systems and more difficulty recalling information. 2 Eat healthier foods.Many people enjoy foods high in fats and sugars. 3 They might give you a temporary burst of energy.However，that energy is soon followed by a crash. Reduce screen time.This may be the most unpopular suggestion among young people.Screen time— time spent looking at cell phones ， televisions ， computer screens，has a clear effect on the attention span. 4 5 Concentration improves for students who participate in team sports.It could be that being active is helpful in this way.Participating in a sport trains your brain to concentrate on specific tasks，and shut out other thoughts. A．Be active. B．Practice more. C．These foods can provide enough energy for focusing. D．But these foods can't be helpful enough when it comes to focusing. E．That is bad news for teens who stay up studying the night before a test. F．Researchers advise parents to limit it when their children need to be focused. G．By writing down all the things you need to do，you'll gain a sense of control.2 【语篇解读】 本文是一篇说明文。介绍了几种提高注意力的方法。 1．G [根据本段的主题句“列清单”以及空后的“You don't worry about whatever else you should be doing.”可知，选 G 项。] 2．E [根据本段的主题句“Sleep more.”和空前一句的内容可知，选 E 项。] 3．D [下文的“that energy is soon followed by a crash”与 D 项中的“can't be helpful enough”相对应，故答案为 D。] 4．F [本段的主题句“Reduce screen time.”与选项 F 中的“limit it”对应，故答 案为 F。] 5．A [空处为本段的主题句，由下文的“It could be that being active is helpful in this way.”可知，答案为 A。] B (2017·广州市综合测试一)We've all experienced peer pressure(同伴压力)．It happens to everybody.However ， people have different reactions.Confident people refuse to do things they don't want to do，but shy and anxious people often give in.It may be because they want to be liked.It may be because they worry that their friends will make fun of them，or perhaps they're just curious about trying something new. 6 It's hard being the only one who says no and the question is：how do you do it？ 7 If you think that missing maths，or smoking，or going somewhere you know your parents wouldn't like is a bad idea then the answer is simple：don't do it.It's your decision，nobody else's.You don't need to be aggressive.You don't need to shout and scream，but you must be confident and you must be firm.You need to say，“No， thanks.I don't want to do that.” Being on your own against everybody else is very hard，so it can really help to have at least one other peer，or friend，who will say no too. 8 You want friends who will support you when you're in trouble.You don't want people who will always agree with the majority.Remember，the most popular people aren't always the most trustworthy. 9 You can learn a lot from people of your own age.They can teach you great football skills or the best way to do your maths homework.They can recommend music and advise you on fashion.And don't forget you can tell them things too，and3 that always feels great.So，find friends who have similar interests.And remember， friendship isn't about feeling depressed and guilty. 10 A．Choose your friends carefully. B．Firstly，you must decide what you believe in. C．It's about sharing experience and having fun. D．Of course，peer pressure isn't completely bad. E．It may be because they were all born to be stubborn. F．Depression and guilt will surely give you peer pressure. G．Whatever the reason，some people end up doing things they really don't want to do. 【语篇解读】 自信的人通常选择拒绝做不乐意做的事情，而害羞和焦虑的人通 常会选择接受。本文介绍了如何学会拒绝并解释了如何从来自同伴的压力中学 习。 6 ．G [根 据空 前 两句“It may be because they want to be liked.It may be because they worry that their friends will make fun of them，or perhaps they're just curious about trying something new.”可知，那些害羞和焦虑的人做他们 不想做的事情可能是为了让别人喜欢自己，也可能担心他们的朋友会取笑 他们，或者仅是尝试新事物。结合空处所在的位置可以判断，空处承上启 下，说明不管是何种原因，这些人选择了做他们不想做的事情，故 G 项符 合文意。] 7．B [根据该段最后两句“You don't need to shout and scream，but you must be confident and you must be firm.You need to say，‘No，thanks.I don't want to do that.’”可知，对于如何拒绝，你无需叫喊，但是要自信和坚定；据此 可知，空处表示要确定你相信的东西，故 B 项符合文意。] 8．A [根据空后一句“You want friends who will support you when you're in trouble.”可知，你需要在你困难时会支持你的朋友；据此可以判断，空处 介绍的是“要慎重选择朋友”，故 A 项与此处匹配。] 9．D [根据空后的“You can learn a lot from people of your own age.They can teach you great football skills or the best way to do your maths homework.”可 知，你可以从同龄人那里学习很多，他们能教会你很多知识；据此可以判4 断，来自同伴的压力并非完全是坏事，故 D 项符合文意。] 10．C [根据空前一句“And remember，friendship isn't about feeling depressed and guilty.”可知，友谊并非是内疚和沮丧；据此可以判断，空处陈述友谊 的真谛，故 C 项符合文意。] C (2017·武汉市调研测试) How to run international meetings As more of us do business across cultures ，it's best to prepare ahead of time before heading to the meeting table.Here are four rules for different countries. Stick to the schedule Where：Germany，Austria，Japan We've all been to meetings that have a loose agenda，if any at all.They don't start on time and they seem to repeat. 11 Japanese are more likely to create a detailed agenda and pass out supporting documents several days before a meeting. 12 Meetings that run long in Germany are often taken to mean that the parties are not communicating efficiently. 13 Where：China，Malaysia，Singapore Debating a topic can go against the traditional Chinese concept of“saving face”， which means avoiding any mistakes or actions that could bring embarrassment.Laughing at even an obviously amusing answer or pointing out a potential mistake can spoil the entire meeting. Enjoy the interruptions Where：Italy，France，Spain When Pascal Soboll meets with clients in Italy or Spain，he's no longer offended if they leave early or arrive late.Rather than attend the entire threehour meeting，he has learned that his colleagues there—and in some parts of France—attend based on their own timetable. 14 Rather than expect people to sit through his entire presentation，he makes it easier for them to turn up as needed. Please，no small talk5 Where：Finland，Sweden In places like Finland and Sweden，where nonmeeting related discussions like chat about the weather can be regarded as a way to be off a formallyset agenda and as a waste of other people's time. In some countries，including Finland，there are long pauses in the conversation. 15 These breaks are used as a way to process what the other person is saying without interrupting. A．Not so in these countries. B．Germans and Austrians are similar. C．Don't even think about a brainstorm. D．There's often no way to tell how things are going. E．Don't try to fill them，though，with small talk or anything else. F．What do the long silences，idle chitchat and serious faces really mean in context? G．For Soboll，that means changing his own Germanbased expectations of client behaviour. 【语篇解读】 本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍了在不同国家如何成功地召开会议。 11．A [空处前两句介绍了常见的会议情况：时间安排松散，开会不准时， 总是重复；结合空后的“Japanese are more likely to create a detailed agenda and pass out supporting documents several days before a meeting.”可知，日 本人注意会议的细节，并在数天前就做好准备。据此可以判断，空处承 上启下，说明并非所有的国家在开会时都会出现上述的情况：时间安排 松散，开会不准时，总是重复。故 A 项正确。] 12．B [根据该部分中的“where：Germany，Austria，Japan”可知，该部分 主要介绍德国、奥地利和日本的开会习惯；空前一句已经介绍了日本的 情 况 ， 结 合 空 后 一 句 “Meetings that run long in Germany are often... efficiently.”可知，空处及下一句介绍德国和奥地利的开会习惯，故 B 项 正确。] 13．C [根据空处位置可知，空处为该部分标题，是该部分的主旨；通读该 部分可知，该部分第一句介绍了在中国开会应当认真讨论，以防发生尴6 尬，第二句介绍在开会时不要嘲笑有趣的答案或指出潜在的错误；据此 可知，该部分主要介绍要严肃认真地讨论会议议题，就事论事，不需要 在开会前有什么“头脑风暴”，故 C 项正确。] 14．G [根据上文中的“When Pascal Soboll...”和“Rather than... attend based on their own timetable.”以及空后一句可知，意大利人、法国人和西班牙人开 会很随意，G 项中的“Soboll”与该处相对应，故 G 项正确。] 15．E [根据该部分标题“Please，no small talk”和空前的“there are long pauses in the conversation”可知，选 E 项，E 项中的“them”与“long pauses” 对应。] D 【导学号：52384063】 (2017·广东省七校联合体第二次联考)It is necessary to be reasonable and flexible enough to avoid conflicts as much as possible and live in peace with others. 16 If you have done all your best to avoid conflicts and you are still arguing，then read these effective tips on how to avoid conflicts. Don't get in the center of the conflict. Sometimes people can get in the center of conflicts due to their enthusiasm for offering help.Frankly speaking，it is very unwise，because it can make you the main figure of the conflict. 17 You should focus on your own life issues. Be kind. 18 Life is full of conflicts and disagreements，and that's why you should find more conservative ways of dealing with them.For example，kindness can lessen the conflict. Try to be a peacekeeper. Peacekeepers tend to cooperate with people without bad emotions which usually lead to arguments and even conflicts.“ 19 ”This saying is the life motto of a naturalborn peacekeeper.Don't worry if you are not a naturalborn peacekeeper；you can gain this skill during life. Walk off. When the conflict is gathering pace and you can't manage to control yourself， you should choose to handle the situation in another way.By all means，try to keep yourself away from stress. 20 You should get away from the situation for a while.7 A．The greatest victory is a battle not fight. B．Conflicts are unavoidable，so try to accept them. C．Weak people usually desire others to offer help and support. D．Let other people solve their problems without your presence. E．It is helpful to put some distance between yourself and the opponent. F．When someone pushes you to the limit，try to act kindly towards this person. G ． Arguing can either break your friendship or affect your relationship to some degree. 【语篇解读】 本文是一篇说明文。介绍了几种有效避免冲突的建议。 16．G [根据空前一句“It is necessary to be reasonable and flexible enough to avoid conflicts as much as possible and live in peace with others.”可知，尽量 避免冲突是十分有必要的；据此可以判断，空处承上启下，介绍冲突的 严重危害，引出文章主题，故 G 项正确。] 17．D [根据空后一句“You should focus on your own life issues.”可知，作者建 议把注意力集中在自己的事情上；据此可以判断，空处建议“让其他人 自己解决他们自己的问题”，故 D 项符合文意。] 18．F [根据该段标题“Be kind.”可知，该段主要阐述“善待人”的建议，这 与 F 项中的“try to act kindly towards this person”照应，故 F 项符合文意。] 19 ． A [ 根 据 空 后 一 句 “This saying is the life motto of a naturalborn peacekeeper.”可以判断，空处是调解人的一句格言。A 项意为“最伟大 的胜利是一场战争而不是争斗”，符合文意，故 A 项正确。] 20．E [根据空前一句“By all means，try to keep yourself away from stress.” 可知，这里作者建议要远离冲突，离开对手；据此可知 E 项符合文意。] E (2017·福州市五校第一次联考)As warming continues，scientists warn the oxygen content of oceans across the planet could be more and more reduced，with serious consequences for the future of fish and other sea life. 21 One is the simple fact that as water gets warmer ， it can hold less dissolved(溶解的)oxygen.The other reason is less obvious.The entire ocean gets its8 oxygen from the surface—either from the atmosphere ， or from photosynthesizing algae floating at the top of the sea. 22 Global warming is expected to reduce the mixing of the ocean by making surface seawater lighter.That's because in a warmer world we can expect more rainfall and more melting(融化)of glaciers，icebergs，and ice sheets. 23 The extra heat from the warming atmosphere will also make surface water expand and thus make it lighter still. 24 Instead，more of the oxygen will remain near the surface，where it will be used up by oxygenbreathing organisms. A lowoxygen ocean may become an inescapable feature of our planet.A team of Danish researchers wondered how long oxygen levels would drop if we could somehow reduce our carbon dioxide emissions to zero by 2100.They determined that over the next few thousand years oxygen levels would continue to fall，until they declined by 30 percent.The oxygen would slowly return to the oceans，but even 100， 000 years from now they will not have fully recovered. 25 A．It's not known why the oxygen level of oceans has reduced. B．Scientists point to two reasons to expect a drop in ocean oxygen. C．Fresh water's inpouring will make the water at the ocean's surface lighter. D．The oxygen then spreads to the deep ocean as the surface water slowly sinks. E．Global warming has caused the reduction of the oxygen content of oceans worldwide. F．The light surface water will be less likely to sink so the deep ocean will get less oxygen. G．If they are right，we have every reason to worry about the major effect it has on sea life. 【语篇解读】 本文是说明文。文章简要介绍了海水中氧气含量主要原因及其可 能对海洋生物带来的长期的影响。 21．B [从文章篇章结构分析，本空为段落主旨句。本段介绍了全球变暖使 海洋含氧量降低的原因，并且“One”“The other reason”与 B 项中的“two reasons”相呼应，故选 B。] 22．D [根据段落主旨和空前的“The entire ocean gets its oxygen from the9 surface...at the top of the sea.”可知，此处是通过说明海洋中氧气的来源与 循环来解释海洋含氧量下降的原因的，故 D 项“然后，随着表层海水的 慢慢下沉，氧气扩散至海洋深处”符合语境。] 23．C [根据空前的内容和常识可知，雨水和冰川、冰山及冰原融水都属于 淡水，海洋中的水是咸水，而淡水的密度比咸水的小，因此淡水的注入 会使海洋表面的水变得更轻。故 C 项符合语境。C 项中的“make the water...lighter”与下文中的“make it lighter”的对应关系亦是提示。] 24．F [根据空前的“The extra heat from the warming atmosphere will ...”和空后 的“Instead，more of the oxygen will remain...”可知，F 项与空前的句子 的句式相同，且与空后的句子的内容存在语意上的转折关系，故 F 项符 合语境。] 25．G [G 项中的“they”与上文中的“A team of Danish researchers”相呼应，且 上文讲到即使我们把二氧化碳的排放降低到零，海洋含氧量也需要很长 时间才能恢复，其对海洋生物造成的影响将是长期的，故 G 项“如果他 们是对的，那么我们完全有理由对它对海洋生物的重大影响感到担忧” 符合语境。 ]