绝密★启用前
江苏省2015年高考英语试卷（带解析）
本试题卷共16页，81题。全卷满分150分。考试用时120分钟。
第一部分 听力(共两节,满分 20 分)
做题时,先将答案标在试卷上。 录音内容结束后,你将有两分钟的时间将试卷上的答案转涂到答题卡上。
第一节(共 5 小题;每小题 1 分,满分 5 分)
听下面 5 段对话。 每段对话后有一个小题,从题中所给的 A、B、C 三个选项中选出最佳选项,并标在试卷的相应位置。 听完每段对话后,你都有 10 秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。 每段对话仅读一遍。
例: How much is the shirt?
A. 19.15. B. 9.18. C. 9.15.
答案是 C。
1. What time is it now?
A. 910. B. 950. C. 1000.
2. What does the woman think of the weather?
A. It’s nice. B. It’s warm. C. It’s cold.
3. What will the man do?
A. Attend a meeting. B. Give a lecture. C. Leave his office.
4. What is the woman’s opinion about the course?
A. Too hard. B. Worth taking. C. Very easy.
5. What does the woman want the man to do?
A. Speak louder. B. Apologize to her. C. Turn off the radio.
第二节 (共 15 小题;每小题 1 分,满分 15 分)
听下面5 段对话或独白。 每段对话或独白后有几个小题,从题中所给的 A、B、C 三个选项中选出最佳选项,并标在试卷的相应位置。 听每段对话或独白前,你将有时间阅读各个小题,每小题 5 秒钟;听完后,各小题将给出 5 秒钟的作答时间。 每段对话或独白读两遍。
听第 6 段材料,回答第 6、7 题。
6. How long did Michael stay in China?
A. Five days. B. One week. C. Two weeks.
7. Where did Michael go last year?
A. Russia. B. Norway. C. India.
听第 7 段材料,回答第 8、9 题。
8. What food does Sally like?
A. Chicken. B. Fish. C. Eggs.
9. What are the speakers going to do?
A. Cook dinner. B. Go shopping. C. Order dishes.
听第 8 段材料,回答第 10 至 12 题。
10. Where are the speakers?
A. In a hospital. B. In the office. C. At home.
11. When is the report due?
A. Thursday. B. Friday. C. Next Monday.
12. What does George suggest Stephanie do with the report?
A. Improve it. B. Hand it in later. C. Leave it with him.
听第 9 段材料,回答第 13 至 16 题。
13. What is the probable relationship between the speakers?
A. Salesperson and customer. B. Homeowner and cleaner. C. Husband and wife.
14. What kind of apartment do the speakers prefer?
A. One with two bedrooms. B. One without furniture. C. One near a market.
15. How much rent should one pay for the one bedroom apartment?
A. ＄350. B. ＄400. C. ＄415.
16. Where is the apartment the speakers would like to see?
A. On Lake Street. B. On Market Street. C. On South Street.
听第 10 段材料,回答第 17 至 20 题。
17. What percentage of the world’s tea exports go to Britain?
A. Almost 15%. B. About 30%. C. Over 40%.
18. Why do tea tasters taste tea with milk?
A. Most British people drink tea that way.
B. Tea tastes much better with milk. C. Tea with milk is healthy.
19. Who suggests a price for each tea?
A. Tea tasters. B. Tea exporters. C. Tea companies.
20. What is the speaker talking about?
A. The life of tea tasters. B. Afternoon tea in Britain. C. The London Tea Trade Centre.
【答案】1-5 ACABC 6-10 BABCB 11-15 ABCAB 16-20 CBAAC
第二部分: 英语知识运用 (共两节, 满分 35 分)
第一节: 单项填空 (共 15 小题; 每小题 1 分, 满分 15 分)
请阅读下面各题, 从题中所给的 A、 B、 C、 D 四个选项中, 选出最佳选项, 并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
例: It is generally considered unwise to give a child _____ he or she wants.
A. however B. whatever C. whichever D. whenever
答案是 B。
21.The number of smokers, _____ is reported, has dropped by 17 percent in just one year.
A. it B. which C. what D. as
【答案】D
考点：定语从句
22.Schools should be lively places where individuals are encouraged to _____ to their greatest potential.
A. accelerate B. improve C. perform D. develop
【答案】D
【解析】
试题分析：句意：学校应该是鼓励个体最大限度地发展潜能的地方。A项“加速，加快”；B项“改善，提高”；C项“表现”；D项“发展”。故选D项。
考点：动词词义辨析
23.—Jim, can you work this Sunday?
—________? I’ve been working for two weeks on end.
A. Why me B. Why not C. What if D. So what
【答案】A
【解析】
试题分析：句意：—Jim，周末你能加班吗？—为什么是我？我连续工作两周了。A项“为什么是我？”；B项“为什么不呢?”；C项“要是……会怎样?”；D项“那又怎么样?”。只有A项符合语境。故选A项。
考点：交际用语
24.Much time _____ sitting at a desk, office workers are generally troubled by health problems.
A. being spent B. having spent C. spent D. spending
【答案】C
考点：独立主格结构
25._____ Li Bai, a great Chinese poet, was born is known to the public, but some won’t accept it.
A. That B. Why C. Where D. How
【答案】C
【解析】
试题分析：句意：
李白是中国一位伟大的诗人，他的出生地是众所周知的，但有些人不愿接受这一事实。分析句子结构可知，a great Chinese poet做Li Bai的同位语，is前面是主语从句。比较选项只有where符合句意，where在从句中做地点状语。故选C项。
考点：名词性从句
26.It is so cold that you can’t go outside _____ fully covered in thick clothes.
A. if B. unless C. once D. when
【答案】B
【解析】
试题分析：句意：外面太冷了，你不要出去，除非用厚衣服完全裹起来。A项“如果”；B项“除非”；C项“一旦”；D项“当……时候”。“unless fully covered”为“连词+省略结构”，补充完整为“unless you are”。故选B项。
考点：连词辨析
27.The university started some new language programs to _____ the country’s Silk Road Economic Belt.
A. apply to B. cater for C. appeal to D. hunt for
【答案】B
考点：动词短语辨析
28. It might have saved me some trouble ______ the schedule.
A. did I know B. have I known C. do I know D. had I known
【答案】D
【解析】
试题分析：句意：如果我早知道日程安排，可能会省去我一些麻烦。根据题干中might have saved可知主句是对过去的虚拟，从句应用if I had known与主句保持一致。if虚拟条件句中含有had时，可将if省去，同时将had提前构成倒装结构。故选D项。
考点：虚拟语气
29.The whole team _____ Cristiano Ronaldo, and he seldom lets them down.
A. wait on B. focus on C. count on D. call on
【答案】C
【解析】
试题分析：句意：全队都指望克里斯蒂亚诺·罗纳尔多，他从未让他们失望。A项“服侍，等待”；B项“集中（注意力）于”；C项“指望”；D项“呼吁，拜访”。故选C项。
考点：动词短语辨析
30.The real reason why prices ____ , and still are, too high is complex, and no short discussion can satisfactorily explain this problem.
A. were B. will be C. have been D. had been
【答案】A
【解析】
试题分析：句意：过去和现在价格一直居高不下的真正原因很复杂，简短的讨论解释这一问题无法让人满意。根据题干中“and still are”的提示可知过去价格也居高不下，故用一般过去时，表示过去的状态。故选A项。
考点：时态
31.The police officers decided to conduct a thorough and _______ review of the case.
A. comprehensive B. complicated C. conscious D. crucial
【答案】A
【解析】
试题分析：句意：警官决定对这起案件进行一次彻底全面的审查。A项“综合的，全面的，有理解力的”；B项“复杂的”；C项“有意识的”；D项“至关重要的”。故选A项。
考点：形容词词义辨析
32.Some schools will have to make ______ in agreement with the national soccer reform.
A. judgments B. adjustments C. comments D. achievements
【答案】B
【解析】
试题分析：句意：为了与国家的足球改革相适应，一些学校必须做出调整。A项“判断，决断”；B项“调整”；C项“评价，评论”；D项“成就”。故选B项。
考点：名词词义辨析
33.—Why didn’t you invite John to your birthday party?
—Well, you know he’s _______ .
A. an early bird B. a wet blanket C. a lucky dog D. a tough nut
【答案】B
考点：英语俗语
34.Many of the things we now benefit from would not be around _______ Thomas Edison.
A. thanks to B. regardless of C. aside from D. but for
【答案】D
考点：介词短语辨析
35.—Go and say sorry to your Mom, Dave.
—I’d like to, but I’m afraid she won’t be happy with my ______ .
A. requests B. excuses C. apologies D. regrets
【答案】C
【解析】
试题分析：句意：—Dave，去跟你的妈妈道歉。—我想这样做，但是我担心她对我的道歉不满意。A项“请求”；B项“借口”；C项“道歉”；D项“遗憾，后悔”。故选C项。
考点：名词词义辨析
第二节: 完形填空 (共 20 小题; 每小题 1 分, 满分 20 分)
请阅读下面短文, 从短文后各题所给的 A、B、C、D 四个选项中, 选出最佳选项,
并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
I was required to read one of Bernie Siegel’s books in college and was hooked on his positivity from that moment on. The stories of his unconventional 36 and the exceptional patients he wrote about were so 37 to me and had such a big 38 on how I saw life from then on. Who knew that so many years later I would look to Dr. Bernie and his CDs again to 39 my own cancer experience?
I’m an ambitious 40, and when I started going through chemo (化疗) , even though I’m a very 41 person, I lost my drive to write. I was just too tired and not in the 42 . One day, while waiting to go in for 43 , I had one of Dr. Bernie’s books in my hand. Another patient 44 what I was reading and struck up a conversation with me 45 he had one of his books with him as well. It 46 that among other things, he was an eighty-year-old writer. He was47 a published author, and he was currently 48 on a new book.
We would see each other at various times and 49 friends. Sometimes he wore a duck hat, and I would tell myself, he was definitely a(n) 50 of Dr. Bernie. He really put a 51 on my face. He unfortunately 52 last year due to his cancer, 53 he left a deep impression on me and gave me the 54 to pick up my pen again. I 55 to myself, “If he can do it, then so can I.”
36. A. tastes B. ideas C. notes D. memories
37. A. amazing B. shocking C. amusing D. strange
38. A. strike B. push C. challenge D. impact
39. A. learn from B. go over C. get through D. refer to
40. A. reader B. writer C. editor D. doctor
41. A. positive B. agreeable C. humorous D.
honest
42. A. mood B. position C. state D. way
43. A. advice B. reference C. protection D. treatment
44. A. viewed B. knew C. noticed D. wondered
45. A. while B. because C. although D. providing
46. A. came out B. worked out C. proved out D. turned out
47. A. naturally B. merely C. hopefully D. actually
48. A. deciding B. investing C. working D. relying
49. A. became B. helped C. missed D. visited
50. A. patient B. operator C. fan D. publisher
51. A. sign B. smile C. mark D. mask
52. A. showed up B. set off C. fell down D. passed away
53. A. since B. but C. so D. for
54. A. guidance B. trust C. opportunity D. inspiration
55. A. promised B. swore C. thought D. replied
【答案】
36. B
37. A
38. D
39. C
40. B
41. A
42. A
43. D
44. C
45. B
46. D
47. D
48. C
49. A
50. C
51. B
52. D
53. B
54. D
55. C
39.C考查动词短语。根据下文可知，作者不幸身患癌症，病痛的折磨使他放弃了写作。但病友的执着和Bernie Siegel积极的人生观让自己又重新拾起纸笔，渡过了这段艰难时期。A项“从……中获取经验，汲取教训”；B项“复习，仔细检查”；C项“渡过难关”；D项“提到，涉及，参考”。故选C项。
40.B考查名词。根据下文中“…, I lost my drive to write”可知，作者是一名抱负的作家。A项“读者”；B项“作家”；C项“编辑”；D项“医生”。故选B项。
41.A考查形容词。句意：尽管我是一个积极的人，还是失去了写作的动力。a positive person与lost my drive to write构成让步关系，且与上文positivity呼应。 A项“积极的”；B项“称心如意的”；C项“幽默的”；D项“诚实的”。故选A项。
42.A考查名词。句意：我就是感觉太累，没有心情去写。in the mood意为“没有心情去做事”。A项“心情”；B项“位置，职位”；C项“状态”；D项“方式”。故选A项。
43.D考查名词。句意：一天，当我在等待治疗时，手里拿着Bernie的一本书。A项“建议”；B项“提及，参考”；C项“保护”；D项“治疗”。故选D项。
44.C考查动词。句意：另外一个病人注意到我在读些什么，主动跟我攀谈起来。A项 “认为”；B项“知道，了解”；C项 “（无意中）注意到”；D项 “想知道”。故选C项。
45.B考查连词。句意：该空后是他主动和我攀谈的原因：他身上也有一本Bernie的书。A项表示时间或轻微转折；B项表示原因；C项表示让步；D项表示条件。故选B项。
46.D考查动词短语。除此之外，他是一位八十岁的作家。A项 “出现，出版”；B项“锻炼，解决，制定”；C项“证明是合适的，令人满意的”；D项“证明是，结果是”。it turned out that是固定搭配，意为“结果是……，结果证明……”故选D项。
47.D考查副词。句意：事实上，他是一位撰稿人，目前在写一本新书。A项 “自然地”；B项“仅仅”；C项“有希望地”；D项“事实上”。故选D项。
48.C考查动词搭配。根据句意可知，他目前在写一本新书。A项 decide on“决定，确定”；B项invest on“投资，花时间在……上”；C项work on“从事，忙于”；D项rely on“依赖，依靠”。故选C项。
49.A考查动词。句意：我们总是在许多时候见到对方，成了朋友。A项 “成为”；B项“帮助”；C项“错过”；D项“拜访”。故选A项。
50.C考查名词。根据句意可知，他的确是Bernie的粉丝。A项 “病人”；B项“操作员，接线员”；C项“粉丝”；D项“出版商”。故选C项。
51.B考查名词。根据句意可知，他的举动感染了我，使我在生活中面带微笑。A项 “标志，迹象，征兆”；B项“微笑”；C项“标记”；D项“面罩”。故选B项。
52.D考查动词短语。句意：他补充说道Jason因为不愿说谎没挣到钱。A项 “出现，露面”；B项“出发，动身”；C项“跌倒”；D项“去世（死的委婉表达）”。故选D项。
53.B考查连词。句意：他去年不幸死于癌症，但给我留下了深刻的印象。A项表示时间；B项表示转折；C项表示结果；D项表示原因。故选B项。
54.D考查名词。句意：他激励我重新拾起纸笔。A项 “指导”；B项“信任”；C项“机会”；D项“鼓舞，激励，启发”。故选D项。
55.C考查名词。句意：我对自己说：“如果他能做到，我也能。”A项 “承诺”；B项“郑重发誓”；C项think to oneself “自言自语”；D项“回答”。故选C项。
考点：记叙文阅读
第三部分: 阅读理解 (共 15 小题; 每小题 2 分, 满分 30 分)
请阅读下列短文, 从短文后各题所给的 A、B、C、D 四个选项中, 选出最佳选项, 并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
A
56.According to the Code, visitors should act _______ .
A. with care and respect B. with relief and pleasure
C. with caution and calmness D. with attention and observation
57.What are you encouraged to do when travelling in New Zealand?
A. Take your own camping facilities.
B. Bury glass far away from rivers.
C. Follow the track for the sake of plants.
D. Observe signs to approach nesting birds.
【答案】
56．A
57．C
考点：应用文阅读
B
In the United States alone, over 100 million cell-phones are thrown away each year. Cell-phones are part of a growing mountain of electronic waste like computers and personal digital assistants. The electronic waste stream is increasing three times faster than traditional garbage as a whole.
Electronic devices contain valuable metals such as gold and silver. A Swiss study reported that while the weight of electronic goods represented by precious metals was relatively small in comparison to total waste, the concentration (含量) of gold and other precious metals was higher in So-called e-waste than in naturally occurring minerals.
Electronic wastes also contain many poisonous metals. Even when the machines are recycled and the harmful metals removed, the recycling process often is carried out in poor countries, in practically uncontrolled ways which allow many poisonous substances to escape into the environment.
Creating products out of raw materials creates much more waste material, up to 100 times more, than the material contained in the finished products. Consider again the cell-phone, and imagine the mines that produced those metals, the factories
needed to make the box and packaging(包装) it came in. Many wastes produced in the producing process are harmful as well.
The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency notes that most waste is dangerous in that “the production, distribution, and use of products — as well as management of the resulting waste — all result in greenhouse gas release.” Individuals can reduce their contribution by creating less waste at the start — for instance, buying reusable products and recycling.
In many countries the concept of extended producer responsibility is being considered or has been put in place as an incentive (动机) for reducing waste. If producers are required to take back packaging they use to sell their products, would they reduce the packaging in the first place?
Governments’ incentive to require producers to take responsibility for the packaging they produce is usually based on money. Why, they ask, should cities or towns be responsible for paying to deal with the bubble wrap (气泡垫) that encased your television?
From the governments’ point of view, a primary goal of laws requiring extended producer responsibility is to transfer both the costs and the physical responsibility of waste management from the government and tax-payers back to the producers.
58.By mentioning the Swiss study, the author intends to tell us that _________ .
A. the weight of e-goods is rather small
B. E-waste deserves to be made good use of
C. natural minerals contain more precious metals
D. the percentage of precious metals is heavy in e-waste
59.The responsibility of e-waste treatment should be extended _________ .
A. from producers to governments
B. from governments to producers
C. from individuals to distributors
D. from distributors to governments
60. What does the passage mainly talk about?
A. The increase in e-waste.
B. The creation of e-waste.
C. The seriousness of e-waste.
D. The management of e-waste.
【答案】
58．B
59．B
60．D
考点：科普说明文阅读
C
Suppose you become a leader in an organization. It’ s very likely that you’ll want to have volunteers to help with the organization’s activities. To do so, it should help to understand why people undertake volunteer work and what keeps their interest in the work.
Let’s begin with the question of why people volunteer. Researchers have identified several factors that motivate people to get involved. For example, people volunteer to express personal values related to unselfishness, to expand their range
of experiences, and to strengthen social relationships. If volunteer positions do not meet these needs, people may not wish to participate. To select volunteers, you may need to understand the motivations of the people you wish to attract.
People also volunteer because they are required to do so. To increase levels of community service, some schools have launched compulsory volunteer programs. Unfortunately, these programs can shift people’s wish of participation from an internal factor (e.g., “I volunteer because it’s important to me”) to an external factor (e.g., “I volunteer because I’m required to do so”). When that happens, people become less likely to volunteer in the future. People must be sensitive to this possibility when they make volunteer activities a must.
Once people begin to volunteer, what leads them to remain in their positions over time? To answer this question, researchers have conducted follow-up studies in which they track volunteers over time. For instance, one study followed 238 volunteers in Florida over a year. One of the most important factors that influenced their satisfaction as volunteers was the amount of suffering they experienced in their volunteer positions. Although this result may not surprise you, it leads to important practical advice. The researchers note that attention should be given to “training methods that would prepare volunteers for troublesome situations or provide them with strategies for coping with the problem they do experience”.
Another study of 302 volunteers at hospitals in Chicago focused on individual differences in the degree to which people view “volunteer” as an important social role. It was assumed that those people for whom the role of volunteer was most part of their personal identity would also be most likely to continue volunteer work. Participants indicated the degree to which the social role mattered by responding to statements such as “Volunteering in Hospital is an important part of who I am.” Consistent with the researchers’ expectations, they found a positive correlation (正相关) between the strength of role identity and the length of time people continued to volunteer. These results, once again, lead to concrete advice: “Once an individual begins volunteering, continued efforts might focus on
developing a volunteer role identity.... Items like T-shirts that allow volunteers to be recognized publicly for their contributions can help strengthen role identity”.
61.People volunteer mainly out of ______ .
A. academic requirements B. social expectations
C. financial rewards D. internal needs
62.What can we learn from the Florida study?
A. Follow-up studies should last for one year. B. Volunteers should get mentally prepared.
C. Strategy training is a must in research. D. Volunteers are provided with concrete advice.
63.What is most likely to motivate volunteers to continue their work?
A. Individual differences in role identity. B. Publicly identifiable volunteer T-shirts.
C. Role identity as a volunteer. D. Practical advice from researchers.
64.What is the best title of the passage?
A. How to Get People to Volunteer B. How to Study Volunteer Behaviors
C. How to Keep Volunteers’ Interest D. How to Organize Volunteer Activities
【答案】
61．D
62．B
63．C
64．A
考点：议论文阅读
D
Freedom and Responsibility
Freedom’s challenge in the Digital Age is a serious topic. We are facing today a strange new world and we are all wondering what we are going to do with it.
Some 2,500 years ago Greece discovered freedom. Before that there was no freedom. There were great civilizations, splendid empires, but no freedom anywhere. Egypt and Babylon were both tyrannies, one very powerful man ruling over helpless masses.
In Greece, in Athens (雅典), a little city in a little country, there were no helpless masses. And Athenians willingly obeyed the written laws which they themselves passed, and the unwritten, which must be obeyed if free men live together. They must show each other kindness and pity and the many qualities without which life would be very painful unless one chose to live alone in the desert.The Athenians never thought that a man was free if he could do what he wanted. A man was free if
he was self-controlled. To make yourself obey what you approved was freedom. They were saved from looking at their lives as their own private affair. Each one felt responsible for the welfare of Athens, not because it was forced on him from the outside, but because the city was his pride and his safety. The essential belief of the first free government in the world was liberty for all men who could control themselves and would take responsibility for the state.
But discovering freedom is not like discovering computers. It cannot be discovered once for all. If people do not prize it, and work for it, it will go. Constant watch is its price. Athens changed. It was a change that took place without being noticed though it was of the extreme importance, a spiritual change which affected the whole state. It had been the Athenian’ s pride and joy to give to their city. That they could get material benefits from her never entered their minds. There had to be a complete change of attitude before they could look at the city as an employer who paid her citizens for doing her work. Now instead of men giving to the state, the state was to give to them. What the people wanted was a government which would provide a comfortable life for them; and with this as the primary object, ideas of freedom and self-reliance and responsibility were neglected to the point of disappearing. Athens was more and more looked on as a cooperative business possessed of great wealth in which all citizens had a right to share.
Athens reached the point when the freedom she really wanted was freedom from responsibility. There could be only one result. If men insisted on being free from the burden of self-dependence and responsibility for the common good, they would cease to be free. Responsibility is the price every man must pay for freedom. It is to be had on no other terms. Athens, the Athens of Ancient Greece, refused responsibility; she reached the end of freedom and was never to have it again.
But, “the excellent becomes the permanent”, Aristotle said. Athens lost freedom forever, but freedom was not lost forever for the world. A great American, James Madison, referred to: “The capacity (能力) of mankind for self-government.” No doubt he had not an idea that he was speaking Greek. Athens was not in the farthest background of his mind, but once man has a great and good idea, it is never completely
lost. The Digital Age cannot destroy it. Somehow in this or that man’s thought such an idea lives though unconsidered by the world of action. One can never be sure that it is not on the point of breaking out into action only sure that it will do so sometime.
65. What does the underlined word “tyrannies” in Paragraph 2 refer to?
A. Countries where their people need help. B. Powerful states with higher civilization.
C. Splendid empires where people enjoy freedom. D. Governments ruled with absolute power.
66.People believing in freedom are those who________ .
A. regard their life as their own business B. seek gains as their primary object
C. behave within the laws and value systems D. treat others with kindness and pity
67.What change in attitude took place in Athens?
A. The Athenians refused to take their responsibility.
B. The Athenians no longer took pride in the city.
C. The Athenians benefited spiritually from the government.
D. The Athenians looked on the government as a business.
68.What does the sentence “There could be only one result.” in Paragraph 5 mean?
A. Athens would continue to be free.
B. Athens would cease to have freedom.
C. Freedom would come from responsibility.
D. Freedom would stop Athens from self-dependence.
69.Why does the author refer to Aristotle and Madison?
A. The author is hopeful about freedom.
B. The author is cautious about self-government.
C. The author is skeptical of Greek civilization.
D. The author is proud of man’s capacity.
70. What is the author’s understanding of freedom?
A. Freedom can be more popular in the digital age.
B. Freedom may come to an end in the digital age.
C. Freedom should have priority over responsibility.
D. Freedom needs to be guaranteed by responsibility.
【答案】
65．D
66．C
67．A
68．B
69．A
70．D
考点：历史文化类说明文阅读
第四部分: 任务型阅读 (共 10 小题; 每小题 1 分, 满分 10 分)
请阅读下面短文,并根据所读内容在文章后表格中的空格里填入一个最恰当的单词。
注意: 请将答案写在答题卡上相应题号的横线上。 每个空格只填一个单词。
People select news in expectation of a reward. This reward may be either of two kinds. One is related to what Freud calls the Pleasure Principle, the other to what he calls the Reality Principle. For want of better names, we shall call these two classes immediate reward and delayed reward.
In general, the kind of news which may be expected to give immediate reward are news of crime and corruption, accidents and disasters, sports, social events, and human interest. Delayed reward may be expected from news of public affairs, economic matters, social problems, science, education, and health.
News of the first kind pays its rewards at once. A reader can enjoy an indirect experience without any of the dangers or stresses involved. He can tremble wildly at an axe-murder, shake his head sympathetically and safely at a hurricane, identify himself with the winning team, laugh understandingly at a warm little story of children or dogs.
News of the second kind, however, pays its rewards later. It sometimes requires the reader to tolerate unpleasantness or annoyance — as, for example, when he reads of the threatening foreign situation, the mounting national debt, rising taxes, falling market, scarce housing, and cancer. It has a kind of “threat value.” It is read so that the reader may be informed and prepared. When a reader selects delayed reward news, he pulls himself into the world of surrounding reality to which he can adapt himself only by hard work. When he selects news of the other kind, he usually withdraws from the world of threatening reality toward the dream world.
For any individual, of course, the boundaries of these two classes are not stable. For example, a sociologist may read news of crime as a social problem, rather than for its immediate reward. A coach may read a sports story for its threat value: he may have to play that team next week. A politician may read an account of his latest successful public meeting, not for its delayed reward, but very much as his wife reads an account of a party. In any given story of corruption or disaster, a thoughtful reader may receive not only the immediate reward of indirect experience, but also the delayed reward of information and preparedness. Therefore, while the division of categories holds in general, an individual’s tendency may transfer any
story from one kind of reading to another, or divide the experience between the two kinds of reward.
What news stories do you read?
Division of
news stories
● People expect to get (71) ▲ from reading news.
● News stories are roughly divided into two classes.
● Some news will excite their readers instantly while others won’t.
(72)▲of
the two classes
● News of immediate reward will seemingly take their readers to the very frightening scene without actual (73)▲ .
● Readers will associate themselves closely with what happens in the news stories and (74)▲similar feelings with those involved.
● News of delayed reward will make readers suffer, or present a (75) ▲to them.
● News of delayed reward will induce the reader to (76)▲for the reality while news of immediate reward will lead the reader to (77)▲from the reality.
Unstable boundaries
of the two classes
● What readers expect from news stories are largely shaped by their (78) ▲.
● Serious readers will both get excited over what happens in some news stories and (79)▲ themselves to the reality.
● Thus, the division, on the whole, (80)▲on the reader.
【答案】
71．rewards/rewarded
72．Explanations
73．involvement
74．share
75．threat
76．prepare
77．withdraw
78．profession(s)/intention
79．adapt
80．depends
【解析】
试题分析：文章结合弗洛伊德心理学理论，分析了不同人群对新闻报道的接受习惯和反应特征，从新闻类别、读者反应、异类互渗等角度考察了考生在信息检索、内容归纳、语言结构等方面的知识与能力。难度较14年有所下降，重点考查考察信息转换题，涉及词性和词义转换，学生“有据可循”，归纳概括题比例明显下降。
79．信息查找题。根据第四段中“When a reader selects delayed reward news, he pulls himself into the world of surrounding reality to which he can adapt himself only by hard work.”可知此处填adapt“使适应”。
80．归纳概括题。根据最后一段中“while the division of categories holds in general, an individual’s tendency may transfer any story from one kind of reading to another, or divide the experience between the two kinds of reward.”可知这一分类取决于读者个体。此处填depends，和后面的介词on搭配“取决于”。
考点：任务型阅读。
第五部分: 书面表达 (满分 25 分)
81.请阅读下面文字及图表,并按照要求用英语写一篇 150 词左右的文章.
[写作内容]
1. 用约 30 个单词概述上述信息的主要内容;
2. 结合上述信息,简要分析导致交通问题的主要原因;
3. 根据你的分析,从社会规范(rules and regulations)和个人行为两方面谈谈你得到的启示(不少于两点)。
[写作要求]
1. 写作过程中不能直接引用原文语句;
2. 作文中不能出现真实姓名和学校名称;
3. 不必写标题。
[评分标准]
内容完整,语言规范,语篇连贯,词数适当。
【答案】
The traffic issue is a hard nut to crack. It not only affects our everyday life, but may also threaten people’s lives. The three selections presented above are typical examples.
Quite a few things give rise to the traffic problem. In spite of the large-scale construction of roads and highways, there is still much room for improvement, because
of the ever increasing number of cars these years. What’ s worse, some drivers, cyclists and pedestrians do not think it vital to obey traffic rules.
In fact, traffic rules are part of the rules and regulations closely related to public order. Without them, people could not enjoy harmony or the country would be in chaos. But rules alone don’t secure an orderly society. It is the people who obey the rules that matter. It is everybody’s duty to observe them to keep our society in order and going on the right track. (150 words)
考点：考查“说明文类材料+图形+提纲类”作文。
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