2016高考英语一轮阅读理解专题选练（1）.doc

‎2016高考英语一轮阅读理解专题检测1（有解析）‎ 阅读理解。阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项（A、B、C和D）中，选出最佳选项。‎ ‎ F. Scott Fitzgerald, born on September 24, 1896, an American novelist, was once a student of St. Paul Academy, the Newman School and attended Princeton. University for a short while. In 1917 he joined the army and was posted in Alabama, where he met his future wife Zelda Sayre. Then he had to make some money to impress her.‎ ‎ His life with her was full of great happiness, as he wrote in his diary: “My own happiness in the past often approached such joy that I could share it even with the person dearest to me but had to walk it away in quiet streets and take down parts of it in my diary.” K^S*5U.C#O%‎ This side of paradise, his first novel, was published in 1920. Encouraged by its success, Fitzgerald began to devote more time to his writing. Then he continued with the novel the Beautiful and Damned (1922), a collection of short stories Thales of the Jazz Age (1922), and a play The Vegetable (1923). But his greatest success was The Great Gatsby, published in 1925, which quick brought him praise from the literary world. Yet it failed to give him the needed financial security. Then, in 1926, he published another collection of short stories All the Sad Young Men.‎ However, Fitzgerald’s problems with his wife Zelda affected his writing. During the 1920s he tried to reorder his life, but failed. By 1930, his wife had her first breakdown and went to a Swiss clinic. During this period he completed novels Tender Is the Night in 1934 and The Love of the Last Tycoon in 1940. While his wife was in hospital in the United States, he got totally addicted to alcohol. Sheila Graham, his dear friend, helped him fight his alcoholism. K^S*5U.C ‎( ) 1. How many novels written by Fitzgerald are mentioned in the passage?‎ A. 5 B. ‎6 C. 7 D. 8‎ ‎( ) 2. Which of the following is the correct order to describe Fitzgerald’s life according to the passage?‎ a. He became addicted to drinking.‎ b. He studied at St. Paul‎ ‎Academy. ‎ c. He published his first novel This Side of Paradise.‎ d. The Great Gatsby won high praise.‎ e. He failed to reorder his life.‎ f. He joined the army and met Zelda.‎ A. f-c-e-a-b-d B. b-e-a-f-c-d C. f-d-e-c-b-a D. b-f-c-d-e-a ‎( ) 3. We can infer from the passage that Fitzgerald .‎ A. had made some money when he met Zelda in Alabama.‎ B. was well educated and well off before he served in the army C. would have completed more works if his wife hadn’t broken down D. helped his friend get rid of drinking while his wife was in hospital ‎( ) 4. The passage is probably followed by a concluding paragraph about .‎ A. Zelda’s personal life B. Zelda’s illness and treatment C. Fitzgerald’s friendship with Graham D. Fitzgerald’s contributions to the literary world ‎ ‎【语篇解读】本片文章为记叙文，主要讲述了英国著名文学家弗兰西斯·司各特·菲茨杰拉德的生平、生活及其重要作品 ‎1.答案A。‎ ‎【解析】细节理解题。据题意，由文章中关键词novel可知，文章中提及到的弗兰西斯·司各特·菲茨杰拉德的小说有：This side of paradise，The Beautiful and Damned，The Great Gatsby，Tender Is the Night and The love of the last Tycoon，共计5篇。故选A项 ‎2.答案D。K^S*5U.C ‎【解析】细节理解题。根据第一段中“……was once a student of St. Paul Academy……In 1917 he joined the army……”可知弗兰西斯·司各特·菲茨杰拉德先在圣保罗学院学习，然后参加的军队。由此可知答案应为D项 ‎3.答案C。‎ ‎【解析】推理判断题。由第四段第一句“However, Fitzgerald’s problems with his wife Zelda affected his writing”可以判断出C项 ‎4.答案D。K^S*5U.C ‎【解析】推理判断题。根据人物传记的特点和本段对菲茨杰拉德生活、作品的描述，说明了菲茨杰拉德的作品对学界的意义，因此最后总结的一段是关于菲茨杰拉德对文学界的贡献的。故选D项 ‎ ‎ ‎【四川省凉山州2014第二次诊断性测试】 ‎ 阅读下面五篇短文，从每题所给的四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。 ‎ ‎ Many of us dream of having thousands and thousands of dollar to spend on what we desire We can buy lottery tickets, enter contests or spend hours building a business or invest in the stock market. We are sure that when we have plenty of money, we will be happy ‎ While having some money does have an impact on our level of happiness, having a lot of money does not. It is reported that Americans whose income goes from $‎20,000 a year to $50,000‎ a year are more likely to be happy. But beyond $50,000, happiness does not increase as salaries go up. It is because we are never satisfied. Catherine Sanderson, a psychology professor at Amherst‎ ‎College‎ says, "We always think if we just had a little more money, we’d be happier. But when we get there, we are not."‎ ‎ Daniel Gilbert, a psychology professor at Harvard notes,"The more you make, the more you want. The more you have, the less it brings you joy. We incorrectly assume we’Il get more pleasure from more, and we don’t."‎ ‎ The things money can buy don't make you happy either. A lot of research suggests that you won't find the "good life" buying expensive "toys". You finally buy that BMW you've always wanted and it soon loses its appeal. Then, instead of wondering if a new car is what really makes you happy, you decide you just need a different new car. It is an endless cycle.‎ ‎ To really be happy, you need to understand what makes you happy in the first place. One secret of happiness is people. Surveys have found that people need people. Those who have five or more close friends are 50% more likely to describe themselves as "very happy". Good relationships have a far greater effect on happiness than larger salary. Andrew Oswald, an economist at England‎'s University‎ of ‎Warwick says, "B you are looking for happiness in life, find the right husband or wife rather than trying to double your salary."‎ ‎ So invest your time and energy in people. The reward is much bigger in terms of happiness!‎ ‎31．In Paragraph 1 the author intends to tell us the "belief" that ‎ A. we are unhappy because we often lack money ‎ B. people can buy what they want if they have enough money ‎ C. more money will make one's dreams come true ‎ D. happiness will result from more money ‎32. Which of the following statements would the author agree to?‎ ‎ A. Having some money brings happiness to some degree.‎ ‎ B. The more money one earns, the sadder one becomes ‎ C. Buying expensive things will surely bring pleasure ‎ D. We get nothing from buying expensive things we want.‎ ‎33. Why does happiness not increase with pay rises?‎ ‎ A. Most of us have a psychological problem. B. People are not content with what they get.‎ ‎ C. It is human nature to be unhappy. D. Happiness has nothing to do with money.‎ ‎34. In order to find happiness we should ‎ A. always make new friends B. take no notice of our salaries C. focus on good relationships D. invest our money in our friend ‎ 【参考答案】31—34、DABC ‎ 阅读理解。‎ One day, when I was working as a psychologist in England，an adolescent boy showed up in my office. It was David. He kept walking up and down restlessly, his face pale, and his hands shaking slightly. His head teacher had referred him to me. “This boy has lost his family，” he wrote. “He is understandably very sad and refuses to talk to others, and I'm very worried about him. Can you help？”‎ ‎ I looked at David and showed him to a chair. How could I help him? There are problems psychology doesn't have the answer to, and which no words can describe. Sometimes the best thing one can do is to listen openly and sympathetically.‎ ‎ The first two times we met, David didn't say a word. He sat there, only looking up to look at the children's drawings on the wall behind me. I suggested we play a game of chess. He nodded. After that he played chess with me every Wednesday afternoon—in complete silence and without looking at me. It's not easy to cheat in chess, but I admit I made sure David won once or twice.‎ ‎ Usually, he arrived earlier than agreed, took the chess board and pieces from the shelf and began setting them up before I even got a chance to sit down. It seemed as if he enjoyed my company. But why did he never look at me?‎ ‎ “Perhaps he simply needs someone to share his pain with，” I thought. “Perhaps ‎ he senses that I respect his suffering.”Some months later, when we were playing chess, he looked up at me suddenly.‎ ‎ “It's your turn，” he said.‎ ‎ After that day, David started talking. He got friends in school and joined a bicycle club. He wrote to me a few times, about his biking with some friends, and about his plan to get into university. Now he had really started to live his own life.‎ ‎ Maybe I gave David something. But I also learned that one—without any words—can reach out to another person. All it takes is a hug, a shoulder to cry on, a friendly touch, and an ear that listens.‎ ‎36．When he first met the author, David ________．‎ ‎ A. felt a little excited B. walked energetically C. looked a little nervous D. showed up with his teacher ‎37．As a psychologist, the author ________．‎ A. was ready to listen to David B. was skeptical about psychology C. was able to describe David's problem D. was sure of handling David's problem ‎38．David enjoyed being with the author because he________．‎ A．wanted to ask the author for advice B．needed to share sorrow with the author ‎ C．liked the children's drawings in the office D．beat the author many times in the chess game ‎39．What can be inferred about David?‎ A．He recovered after months of treatment.‎ B．He liked biking before he lost his family.‎ C．He went into university soon after starting to talk.‎ D．He got friends in school before he met the author. ‎ ‎40．What made David change?‎ A．His teacher's help.‎ B．The author's friendship.‎ C．His exchange of letters with the author.‎ D．The author's silent communication with him.‎ ‎【要点综述】 对于一个自闭的孩子，心理医生最好的疗法或许就是默默地和他一块感受他的痛苦……‎ ‎36．C 　细节理解题。由第一段的“…and his hands shaking slightly.”可以看出，第一次见面时David有点紧张。‎ ‎37．A　细节理解题。由第二段的“Sometimes the best thing one can do is to listen openly and sympathetically.”可以看出，他已准备好了聆听。‎ ‎38．B　细节理解题。在第五段中，作者对小男孩愿意来找他的原因进行了猜测：“Perhaps he simply needs someone to share his pain with，” I thought.“Perhaps he senses that I respect his suffering.”由此可知答案。‎ ‎39．A　推理判断题。经过作者的治疗，David已经恢复了正常：started talking, got friends in school and joined a bicycle club，同时给作者写信描述了自己目前的生活以及对将来生活的打算。由此可知答案。‎ ‎40．D　细节理解题。由文章可知，是作者的正确治疗方法，才使David恢复得那么好。他的方法就是：is to listen openly and sympathetically，具体的做法就是默默地和他下棋。‎ 阅读理解。阅读下列四篇短文，从每小题后所给的A,B,C或D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。‎ Driving a car is not just handling controls and judging speed and distance.It requires you to predict what other road users will do and get ready to react to something unexpected.When alcohol is consumed，it enters your bloodstream and acts as a depresant (抑制药)，damaging eyesight，judgement and coordination (协调)，slowing down reaction time and greatly increasing the risk of accidents.Even below the drink driving limit，driving will be affected.‎ Alcohol may take a few minutes to be absorbed into the bloodstream and start action on the brain.Absorption rate is increased when drinking on an empty stomach or when consuming drinks mixed with fruit juice.To get rid of alcohol from the body is a very ‎ slow process and it is not possible to speed it up with any measures like taking a shower or having a cup of tea or coffee.‎ The present Road Traffic Ordinance states clearly that the limit of alcohol concentration is：‎ ‎●50 milligrams of alcohol per 100ml of blood；or ‎●22 micrograms of alcohol per 100ml of breath；or ‎●67 milligrams of alcohol per 100ml of uriue (尿液)．‎ Drivers who cause traffic accidents，or who commit a moving traffic offence or are being suspected of drink driving will be tested.‎ Any driver found drinking beyond the limit will be charged.The driver declared guilty may be fined a maximum of HK $25,000 and be sentenced to up to 3 years in prison and punished for 10 drivingoffence points；or temporarily banned from driving.‎ The same punishment applies to failing to provide speeimens(样本) for breath，blood or urine tests without good excuse.‎ Drink driving is a criminal offence.Be a responsible driver，think before you drink. For the safety of yourself and other road users，never drive after consuming alcohol.‎ ‎ 本文主要讲述酒后驾车的危害，对酒驾的惩罚等，呼吁人们为了自身和他人的健康，一定不要酒后驾车。‎ ‎1．The first paragraph is mainly about______.‎ A．the introductions of driving skills B．the damage of drinking to your body C．the effect of drinking on driving D．the process of alcohol being absorbed 答案：C。主旨大意题。由第一段的“it enters your bloodstream and acts as a depressant，damaging eyesight，judgement and coordination，slowing down reaction time and greatly increasing the risk of accidents.”可知，本段主要讲述酒后驾车的影响，故C项正确。‎ ‎2．The underlined word “it” in the second paragraph refers to “______”．‎ A．alcohol B．absorption C．blood D．process 答案：D。词义猜测题。由前半句“To get rid of alcohol from the body is a very slow process”，可知，后半句表示“采取像淋浴或者是喝杯茶，咖啡等的措施来加速这个过程是不可能的”故it指代process，D项正确。‎ ‎3．Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage?‎ A．Drinking below the drink driving limit has no effect on driving.‎ B．Alcohol is taken in more quickly when drunk with fruit juice.‎ C．Having a cup of tea helps to get rid of alcohol from the body.‎ D．50 milligrams of alcohol per 100ml of breath is below the drink driving limit.‎ 答案：B。细节理解题。由第二段中“Absorption rate is increased when drinking on an empty stomach or when consuming drinks mixed with fruit juice”可知B项正确。‎ ‎4．A driver suspected of drink driving______.‎ A．should provide specimens for testing B．will be forbidden to drive for 3 years C．will be punished for 10 drivingoffence points D．should pay a maximum fine of HK$25,000‎ 答案：A。细节理解题。由文章信息“Drivers who cause traffic accidents ，or who commit a moving traffic offence or are being suspected of drink driving will be tested”可知A项正确。‎ 阅读理解。‎ While Jennifer was at home taking an online exam for her business law class, a monitor(监控器)a few hundred miles away was watching her every move.‎ Using a web camera equipped in Jennifer's Los Angeles apartment, the monitor in Phoenix tracked how frequently her eyes moved from the computer screen and listened for the secret sounds of a possible helper in the room. Her Internet access was locked—remotely—to prevent Internet searches, and her typing style was analyzed to make sure she was who she said she was: Did she enter her student number at the same speed as she had in the past? Or was she slowing down?‎ In the battle against cheating, this is the cutting_edge and a key to encourage honesty in the booming field of online education. The technology gives trust to the entire system, to the institution and to online education in general. Only with solid measures against cheating, experts say, can Internet universities show that their exams and diplomas are valid—that students haven't just searched the Internet to get the right answers.‎ ‎ Although online classes have existed for more than a decade，the concern over cheating has become sharper in the last year with the growth of “open online ‎ courses.” Private colleges，public universities and corporations are jumping into the online education field, spending millions of dollars to attract potential students，while also taking steps to help guarantee honesty at a distance.‎ Aside from the web cameras, a number of other high－tech methods are becoming increasingly popular. Among them are programs that check students' identities using personal information，such as the telephone numbers they once used.‎ ‎ Other programs can produce unique exams by drawing on a large list of questions and can recognize possible cheaters by analyzing whether difficult test questions are answered at the same speed as easy ones. As in many university classes，term papers are scanned against some large Internet data banks for cheating.‎ ‎41．Why was Jennifer watched in an online exam?‎ A．To correct her typing mistakes.‎ B．To find her secrets in the room.‎ C．To prevent her from slowing down.‎ D．To keep her from dishonest behaviors.‎ ‎42．The underlined expression cutting edge in Paragraph 3 is closest in meaning to ________．‎ A．advanced technique B．sharpening tool ‎ C．effective rule D．dividing line ‎ ‎43．For Internet universities, exams and diplomas will be valid if ________．‎ A．they can attract potential students B．they can defeat academic cheating C．they offer students online help D．they offer many online courses ‎44．Some programs can find out possible cheaters by ________．‎ A．checking the question answering speed ‎ B．producing a large number of questions ‎ C．scanning the Internet test questions ‎ D．giving difficult test questions ‎45．Which of the following is the best title of this passage?‎ A．The Advantages of Online Exams B．The High－tech Methods in Online Courses C．The Fight Against Cheating in Online Education D．The War Against the Booming of Online Education ‎【要点综述】 开放网络教学为人们的知识升级打开了便捷之门，如何保证其教育和学习的质量，防止考试时作弊，现在科技手段在发挥着重要的作用……‎ ‎41．D　推理判断题。第二段告诉我们监控的目的：“Her Internet access was locked—remotely—to prevent Internet searches, and her typing style was analyzed to make sure she was who she said she was: Did she enter her student number at the same speed as she had in the past？”这些措施都是为了监督其考试中不发生不诚实的行为。该题也可结合常识确定答案。‎ ‎42．A 　词义理解题。从上文的描述及下文的“a key”，“The technology”可以看出，这是一个先进的技术，是确保网络考试真实的关键。‎ ‎43．B 　细节理解题。关键信息：valid。由第三段的“Internet universities show that their exams and diplomas are valid — that students haven't just searched the Internet to get the right answers.”可知答案。破折号后的内容指的就是选项中所说的：defeat academic cheating。‎ ‎44．A 　细节理解题。由最后一段的“…by analyzing whether difficult test questions are answered at the same speed as easy ones.”可以看出一些软件是通过设置部分难题，通过对答题速度的检测来判断考试者是否在作弊。‎ ‎45．C　主旨大意题。文章论述的是为了提高开放网络教学的可信度所使用的高科技监考手段，由此可知C项最能概括全文。‎