2017-2018学年高一下学期期末考试备考满分冲刺专题
专题二 必修3重点句型 讲解部分
要点一：sb./sth. is＋adj.＋to do
1. 这房子住起来很舒服。
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2. 这篇课文很容易理解。
_________________________________________________________________________________________
【参考答案】
1. The/This house is comfortable to live in.
2. The/This text is easy to understand.
【知识讲解】
sb./sth. is＋adj.＋to do句型中不定式用主动形式表示被动意义。如后面的动词是不及物动词，则要加上适当的介词或副词。
【特别提醒】
英语中，像easy, hard, difficult, fit, heavy, light, nice, unfit, good, sweet, interesting等形容词在句中作表语或补语时，后面的动词不定式常用主动形式表示被动意义。
☛The water in the town is not fit to drink because of the flood.
由于洪水泛滥，这个城镇里的水已不适合饮用。
☛The box over there is very heavy to carry.
那边的那个箱子搬起来很重。
要点二：it作形式主语
单句改错
1. There is not necessary for you to have told her about the bad news.
________________________________________________________________________________________
2. It is no good try to solve the issue between the nations by the means of war.
________________________________________________________________________________________
【参考答案】
1. There→It
2. try→trying
【知识讲解】
it作形式主语的常考句型：
(1)It be＋形容词(possible, strange, natural, important ...)＋that从句
(2)It be＋过去分词(said, thought, believed, supposed, reported ...)＋that从句
(3)It＋不及物动词(seem, occur, happen ...)＋that从句
(4)It be＋名词短语(a pity, a fact, a wonder, an honour, an idea, no wonder ...)＋that从句
【特别注意】
1. 在＂It is/was suggested/proposed/desired+that＂从句中，从句常用虚拟语气，即从句谓语动词为：should+动词原形，should可以省略。
2. 在句型＂It is/was strange/important/necessary/essential ...＋that从句＂中，从句常用虚拟语气，即从句谓语动词为＂should＋动词原形＂，should可以省略。
☛It is suggested that she (should) finish her homework this afternoon.
建议她今天下午完成作业。
要点三：比较级表示最高级
改错
1. Nothing is valuable than health.
___________________________________________________________________________________
2. —Are you pleased with what he has done?
—Not a bit. It couldn’t be bad.
___________________________________________________________________________________
【参考答案】
1. 在valuable前加more 2. bad改为worse
【知识讲解】
否定词与比较级连用，表示最高级意义，通常译为＂没有比……更……，没有……像……一样＂。常用的否定词有no, not, never, nothing, nobody, hardly等。
表示最高级意义的几种特殊结构：
all the other＋名词复数
the other＋名词复数
(1)比较级＋than＋ any other＋名词单数
any of the other＋名词复数
anything/anyone else
(2)否定词＋so/as＋形容词(副词)原级＋as
(3)否定词＋形容词(副词)比较级(＋than)
(4)the＋形容词(副词)最高级
要点四：have sb. doing sth.
(2015·新课标全国卷I改编)At some point in all of our lives, we’ll have our trust test or violated. (单句改错)
___________________________________________________________________________________________
【参考答案】test→tested
【知识讲解】
have作使役动词用时，有以下固定搭配：
have sb. doing sth. 让某人一直做某事；让某情况发生
have sb. do sth. 让某人做某事
have sth. done 让某事由别人做；遭遇到不好的事；做完某事
☛It is not a good idea to have the machine running all the time.
让机器一直运转不是个好主意。
【名师点睛】
have作＂有＂讲时的句式为：
have sth. to do 有某事要做(主语自己做)
have sth. to be done有某事要做(不是主语自己做)
※注意：
have sth. to do 的意思是＂有什么事要做＂，不定式作的是后置定语，而不是宾语。不要与上面的结构混淆。
要点五：＂find+宾语+宾补＂结构
(2017·新课标全国卷III改编) Lots of people find _______________________(认为早上起床很难), and put the blame on the alarm clock.
【参考答案】
it hard to get up in the morning
【知识讲解】
【特别提醒】
能用于＂动词+宾语+宾语补足语＂结构的动词有see, hear, watch, notice, have, make, think等。
要点六：had just done...when...
单句改错
1. We were having dinner while there was a knock on the door.
_________________________________________________________________________________
2. He was at the point of going out when it began to rain.
_________________________________________________________________________________
3. I had just gone to bed as the telephone rang.
_________________________________________________________________________________
【参考答案】
1. while改为when
2. at改为on
3. as改为when
【知识讲解】
when表示＂正在这时/那时＂时常用的句型：
sb. was doing...when... 某人正在做……这时……
sb. had just done...when... 某人刚做完……这时……
sb. was about to do...when.../sb. was just going to do...when... 某人正要做……这时……
be on the point of doing...when... 正要……这时……
要点七：It is well-known that...
用两种方法翻译下列句子
众所周知，台湾岛是中国的一部分。
__________________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________________
【参考答案】
1. It is wellknown that Taiwan Island is part of China.
2. As is wellknown, Taiwan Island is part of China.
【知识讲解】
1. ＂It is well-known that...＂是常用句型，意为＂众所周知……＂。其中it是形式主语，that引导的从句是真正的主语。
☛It is well-known that London is the capital of England.
众所周知，伦敦是英国的首都。
☛It is well-known that The Adventure of Tom Sawyer was written by Mark Twain.
众所周知，《汤姆•索亚历险记》是马克•吐温写的。
2. It is known that…句型可转换成：
(1)As is known...(as引导非限制性定语从句)
(2)What is known is that...(what引导主语从句，that引导表语从句)
☛It is known that he is one of the best students in his class.
=As is known, he is one of the best students in his class.
=What is known is that he is one of the best students in his class.
众所周知，他是他们班最好的学生之一。
【特别提醒】
as we all know …和as is well known …意思和it is well-known that…相同，但这两个句子都是非限制性定语从句，as是关系代词，在从句中分别作宾语和主语。
☛As we all know, we can’t survive without money.
我们都知道，没有钱我们就无法生存。
☛As is well known, Henry went to England by accident.
众所周知，亨利是偶然到了英国。
要点八：whenever引导让步状语从句
_____________ hungry I am, I never seem to be able to finish off this bag of bread.
A. Whatever B. Whenever C. Wherever D. However
【参考答案】D
【知识讲解】
whenever在任何时候，无论何时，引导的是让步状语从句，相当于no matter when…。需要注意的是：状语从句要用陈述语序，且要用一般现在时表示将要发生的动作。whatever引导宾语从句，相当于anything that。
☛Whenever she comes to my house, she brings me a present.=No matter when she comes to my house, she brings me a present.
他无论何时来我家，都给我带个礼物。
☛He’ll push on with his project whatever the difficulties may be.
不管有什么困难，他都要继续推行他的计划。
【特别提醒】
whoever, whatever, whichever等词既可以引导名词性从句，又可以引导让步状语从句，而no matter wh-只能引导让步状语从句。
☛Whoever breaks the school rules will be punished.
无论谁违反了学校的规章制度，都要受到惩罚。
☛No matter when you call on him, you will find him at his desk.
不管你什么时候去看他，他都在书桌前(用功学习)。
要点九：be to do
—Did you tell Julia about the result?
—Oh, no, I forgot. I ___________ her now.
A. will be calling B. will call C. call D. am to call
【参考答案】B
【知识讲解】
be to do sth. 有多层含义，多表示将来。具体说来，有以下含义：
1. 表示按计划或安排要做的事。
☛When are you to leave for home?
你什么时候回家?
☛She is to be married next month.
她将于下个月结婚。
☛The Queen is to visit Japan in a week’s time.
女王将于一周后访问日本。
这种结构也可用于过去。was / were to do sth.表示曾经计划要做的事，但不表明计划是否被执行，或表示＂命运(即命中注定要发生的事)＂，而非计划；was / were to have done sth. 表示未曾实现的计划。
☛I felt nervous because I was soon to leave home for the first time.
我感到很紧张，因为我很快就要第一次离开家了。
☛They said goodbye, not knowing that they were never to meet again.
他们互相告别，不知道以后再也不会见面了。
☛We were to have told you, but you were not in. 我们本来想告诉你的，但是你不在家。
2. 表示＂应该＂，相当于should，ought to。
☛What is to be done?
应该怎么办呢？
3. 表示＂必须＂，相当于must, have to。
☛You are to do your homework before you watch TV.
看电视之前你得先做完作业。
4. 表示＂想，打算＂，相当于intend，want。
☛If we are to be there before ten, we’ll have to go now.
如果我们要在十点前到，我们现在就得走。
5. 用于第一人称疑问句，表示征求对方意见。
☛What are we to do next?
我们下一步该怎么办?
6. 用于否定句，表示＂禁止＂，相当于mustn’t。
☛The books in this room are not to be taken outside.
这个室内的书籍不得带出室外。
7. 表示＂可以，可能＂，相当于may，can。
☛The news is to be found in the evening paper.
这条消息可以在晚报上见到。
【易混辨析】will do/be going to do /be doing /be to do/ be about to do
will do
单纯表将来，强调未经事先考虑将要做某事。
be going to do
首先可表示＂将要做某事＂，一般表示经过事先考虑，安排将要做某事。其次可以表示＂有迹象表明要做某事＂。
be doing
进行时态表将来，动词一般是表趋向性的动词，如go, come, arrive, return等。
be to do
表＂计划、安排要做某事＂，还可以表示职责、义务和可能性。
be about to do
表示＂正要做某事＂，所在的句子不会再出现时间状语，一般常考查这个结构和when suddenly结构连用，表示＂正要做某事突然发生另外一件事＂。
要点十：倍数表达法
同义句改写
The red ruler is three times as long as the yellow one.
1. ________________________________________________________________(用＂倍数＋比较级＂改写)
2. ________________________________________________________________(用＂倍数＋the＋n.＋of...＂改写)
【参考答案】
1. The red ruler is twice longer than the yellow one.
2. The red ruler is three times the length of the yellow one.
【知识讲解】
＂...倍数＋as＋形容词/副词原级＋as ...＂是倍数表达法之一，意为＂……是……的多少倍＂。倍数的常见表达方式：
1. ＂A+谓语+倍数+形容词/副词的比较级+than+B＂，表示＂A比B……倍＂
☛The new building is four times higher than the old one.
新楼比旧楼高4倍。
2. ＂A+谓语+倍数+as+形容词/副词的原级+as+B＂，表示＂A是B的……倍……＂
☛Asia is four times as large as Europe.
亚洲的大小是欧洲的4倍。
3. ＂A+谓语+倍数+the size/height/length/width/depth...+of+B＂，表示＂A的……是B的……倍＂
☛The earth is 49 times the size of the moon.
地球是月亮的49倍大。
4. A+谓语+倍数+what从句
☛The production now is three times what it was ten years ago.
现在的产量是10年前的3倍。
5. A+谓语+倍数+that of...
☛Now the grain output in our county is twice that of 20 years ago.
现在我们县的粮食产量是20年前的两倍。
【特别提醒】
＂两倍＂用twice或double，不足一倍用分数表示，三倍或三倍以上一般用...times来表示。
要点十一：形容词作状语
After the long journey, the three of them went back home, ____________.
A. hungry and tiredly B. hungry and tired
C. hungrily and tiredly D. hungrily and tired
【参考答案】B
【知识讲解】
形容词的主要功能是用作定语和表语，但有时也可用作状语。形容词或形容词短语作状语，表示方式、原因、结果或伴随等，说明谓语动作的方式，它在句子中有时像非限制性定语从句一样，表示意义上的增补。其逻辑主语是句子的主语。
1. 作伴随或方式状语时，其位置比较灵活，可位于句首或句末，有时也可位于句中。
☛He arrived home, hungry and tired.
他回到家里，又饿又累。(表伴随)
2. 作原因状语时，一般位于句首，有时也可位于句子中间。
☛Afraid of being scolded, for a moment, little Franz thought of playing truant.(=As he was afraid of being scolded, for a moment, little Franz thought of playing truant.)
由于害怕挨骂，小弗朗兹一时起了逃学的念头。
3. 作时间或条件状语时，通常位于句首，也可位于句末。
☛Ripe, these apples are sweet.(=When/If these apples are ripe, they are sweet.)
熟了的时候这种苹果很甜。
☛Enthusiastic, they are quite cooperative.(=When/If they are enthusiastic, they are cooperative. )
热心的时候他们是很合作的。
4. 作让步状语时，常由一个形容词或连词or连接的两个或两个以上的并列形容词构成。一般位于句首，有时也可位于句中。
☛Right or wrong, he always comes off worst in an argument because of his inability
to speak coherently. (=Whether he is right or wrong, he always comes off worst because of his inability to speak coherently.)
无论有理还是无理，由于他语言条理欠佳总是把事情弄得最糟。
5. 作结果状语时，在句中的位置比较灵活。
☛For a moment she just stood there, unable to believe what had just happened.
她在那儿呆呆地站了一会儿，不敢相信刚才发生的事情。
☛One woman was lying in bed, awake, listening to the rushing winds.
有一位女人醒着躺在床上，静听着那疾驰而过的大风。
要点十二：独立主格结构
用独立主格结构改写句子
Because he is ill, we’ll have to do his work.
___________________________________________________________________________________
【参考答案】
He being ill, we’ll have to do his work.
【知识讲解】
一、独立主格结构的概念
独立主格结构（Absolute Structure）是由名词或代词加上分词等构成的一种独立结构，用于修饰整个句子。独立主格结构中的名词或代词与其后的分词等构成逻辑上的主动、被动关系。这种结构与主句不发生句法上的联系，它的位置相当灵活，可置于句前、句末或句中，常由逗号将其与句子其他成分分开。需特别注意的是，独立主格结构与句子之间不能使用任何连接词。
二、独立主格结构基本构成形式
名词(代词)+现在分词（过去分词；形容词；副词；不定式；名词；介词短语）
1. 名词(代词)+现在分词(表示主动或正在进行)。
☛There being no bus, we had to walk home.
由于没有公共汽车，我们只好走回家。
☛Leaves falling here and there, I suddenly notice autumn is drawing upon.
树叶到处飘着，我一下子意识到秋天来临了。
2. 名词(代词)+过去分词(表示被动或已完成)。
☛He was listening attentively in class, his eyes fixed on the blackboard.
他上课专心听讲，眼睛紧盯着黑板。
☛His dinner eaten alone，Philip walked straight into the library.
独自一个人吃完饭后，菲利普径直走进图书馆。
3. 名词(代词)+不定式(表示将要发生的动作)。
在＂名词/代词+动词不定式＂结构中，动词不定式和它前面的名词或代词如果存在着逻辑上的主动关系，动词不定式则用主动的形式；如果是被动关系，则用被动形式。
☛The four of us agreed on a division of labor, each to translate a quarter of the book.
我们四人同意分工干，每人翻译全书的四分之一。
☛Many trees, flowers, and grass to be planted, our newly-built school will look even more beautiful.
种上许多的树、花和草后，我们新建的学校看上去将更美。
4. 名词(代词)+形容词(常用来说明名词或代词的性质、特征或所处的状态)。
☛Computers very small, we can use them widely.
电脑虽小，我们却能广泛地利用它们。
5. 名词(代词)+副词(常用来说明名词或代词的性质、特征或所处的状态)。
☛The lights off, we could not go on with the work.
灯熄了，我们不能继续工作了。
6. 名词(代词)+名词(常用来说明名词或代词的性质、特征或所处的状态)。
☛Two hundred people died in the accident, many of them children.
两百人死于该事故，其中有许多儿童。
7. 名词(代词) +介词短语(常用来说明名词或代词的性质、特征或所处的状态)。
☛Every afternoon a very old woman hobbled past the old house, a vast load of firewood on her back.
每天下午，一个背着一大捆柴禾的老妇人都会从那间破旧的房屋前蹒跚着走过。
独立主格结构在语法上是一个独立的短语，不是句子，相当于状语从句，可表示时间、原因、条件、行为、方式或伴随情况。其构成：名词(代词) +
现在分词/过去分词/形容词/副词/不定式/介词短语。
1. 作时间状语
The meeting over, they left the hall.
2. 作原因状语
My watch having been lost, I didn’t know what time it was.
3. 作条件状语
Time permitting, I shall go to the cinema with you.
4. 描述伴随行为或补充说明
Mary entered the room, his hands in his pockets.
要点十三 ：more…than any other …
1. I have never seen a ________ (glorious)sunrise.
我从来没有看过比这更壮观的日出。
2. Nothing in my life shook me so deeply ________ the first visit to China.
在我一生中给我震撼最大的是第一次到中国旅行。
3. Shanghai is larger than ________________ in China.
上海比中国其他任何一个城市都大。
【参考答案】
1. more glorious
2. as
3. any other city/all other cities/any of the other cities/the rest of the cities
【知识讲解】
(1) 不同范围内比较，常用＂主语+动词+比较+than any+单数名词＂。
(2) 用比较级表示最高级，同一范围内比较时，常用：
比较级+ than +
要点十四：not…until
It was not until then when the term ＂Canada＂ entered the country’s history.(
改错)
_______________________________________________________________________________________
【参考答案】when→that
【知识讲解】
not …until表示＂直到……才＂，其用法如下：
1. until引导时间状语从句，如果主句的谓语动词是延续性的，那么这个主句需用肯定式。若主句的谓语动词是非延续性的，则主句常用否定式，构成not...until...结构。
2. 在not...until...句型结构中，可以把not until提到句首，句子用倒装语序。
3. not until引导的时间状语从句位于句首时，主句部分用倒装语序。
4. not...until...句型的强调句式为：It’s not until...that...。
5. not until引导的状语从句用于It is/was…that…句式中被强调时，主句不再用倒装语序。
☛It didn’t stop raining until the end of last month.
在上月底之前，雨从未停止。
☛It was not until 1911 that the first of the vitamins was identified.
直到1911年才发现了第一种维生素。
【名师点睛】
not...until...的关键点：
1. 在not...until...句型结构中，可以把not until提到句首，句子要用部分倒装语序。如果not until引导的是句子，until从句的主谓不能倒装，只是主句倒装。
2. not...until...句型的强调句式为：It is/was not until...that...。
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