2017-2018学年高一下学期期末考试备考满分冲刺专题
专题五 必修4重点句型 讲解部分
要点一：only引起的部分倒装
1. 汉译英
只有我朋友来之后，电脑才有人修理。
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2. 单句改错
Only in this way we win the game tomorrow.
____________________________________________________________________________________
【参考答案】
1. Only after my friend came was the computer repaired.
2. we前加will
【知识讲解】
1. 当＂only＋状语(副词、介词短语、状语从句)＂当only修饰副词、介词短语或状语从句，且放在句首时，句子或主句的谓语部分要用部分倒装，即将助动词、系动词或情态动词置于主语前面。注意：＂only＋状语从句＂置于句首时，从句不用倒装；若only修饰的是名词或代词作主语，则句子不倒装。
☛Only then did I realize its importance.
直到那时我才意识到它的重要性。
☛Only by studying hard can you improve your study.
只有通过努力学习你才会提高成绩。
2. 含有否定意味的副词(词组)，如：seldom, never, hardly, little, nowhere, in no time, by now means等置于句首时，句子要部分倒装。
☛Never have I watched such a wonderful football match.
我从没看过这么精彩的足球赛。
☛Nowhere in the world can you find a man who loves you so much.
在这个世界上你在哪儿都找不出这么爱你的人了。
3. 只有年满18周岁，你才有投票权。
____________________________________________________________________________________
【参考答案】
Only when you are 18 can you have the right to vote.
【特别注意】
only修饰状语从句时，从句不可倒装；only修饰主语时，句子也不可倒装。
☛Only when he is ill does he stay in bed.
只有生病时，他才卧床休息。
☛Only teachers can use this computer.
只有老师可以使用这台电脑。
☛Only he knew the secret.
只有他知道那个秘密。
要点二：强调句型
1. (2017·天津) It was when I got back to my apartment ___________ I first came across my new neighbors.
A. who B. where C. which D. that
【参考答案】D
【名师点睛】
判断一句话是否是强调句的一个方法是去掉强调结构，如果这句话还能够成立就是强调句，例如这道题，去掉强调结构后是when I got back to my apartment I first came across my new neighbors，这句话是成立的，所以本句是强调句。考生除了需要掌握强调句的一般形式，还需要掌握强调句的一般疑问式和特殊疑问式，还有强调句中的语序问题。
【知识讲解】
1. 强调句的基本结构：It is/was+被强调部分+that/who+其他成分。被强调的通常是句子的主语、宾语和状语。当被强调部分指人时，用that和who均可；当被强调部分是物时，只能用that。
☛The scientist did the experiment in the lab yesterday evening.
昨晚那位科学家在实验室中做了实验。
→It was the scientist who/that did the experiment in the lab yesterday evening.
昨晚是那位科学家在实验室中做了实验。(强调主语)
→It was the experiment that the scientist did in the lab yesterday evening.
昨晚那位科学家在实验室中做的是实验。(强调宾语)
→It was yesterday evening that the scientist did the experiment in the lab.
正是在昨晚那位科学家在实验室中做了实验。(强调时间状语)
→It was in the lab that the scientist did the experiment yesterday evening.
昨晚那位科学家是在实验室中做的实验。(强调地点状语)
2. 强调句的几种形式：
(1)强调句的一般疑问形式：Is/Was+it+被强调部分+that/who+其他成分?
☛Was it because her mother was ill that she didn’t come to school?
她是因为母亲病了才没有来上学的吗?
(2)强调句的特殊疑问形式：特殊疑问词+is/was+it+that/who+其他成分?
☛Who was it that broke the window?
是谁打破了窗户玻璃?
(3)not… until… 的强调句式：It is/was not until+被强调部分+that/who+其他成分。
☛It was not until I had read your letter that I understood the true state of affairs.
直到读了你的信，我才知道实际情形。
注意：此句型只用until，不用till。但如果不是强调句型，till和until可通用；因为句型中It is/ was not … 已经是否定句了，that后面的从句要用肯定句，切勿再用否定句了。
2. It was 80 years before Christopher Columbus crossed the Atlantic Zheng He had sailed to East Africa.
A. when B. that C. after D. since
【参考答案】B
【特别注意】
构成强调句的it本身没有词义；强调句中的连接词一般只用that，who，即使在强调时间状语和地点状语时也如此，that/who不可省略；强调句中的时态只用两种，一般现在时和一般过去时。原句谓语动词是一般过去时、过去完成时和过去进行时时，用It was，其余的时态用It is。
要点三：make it+adj./n.+to do sth.句型
单句改错
1. He didn’t make clear when and where the meeting would be held.
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2. I find it difficult to making myself understood.
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【参考答案】
1. 在make后加it
2. making改为make
【知识讲解】
1. ＂make it+adj./n.+to do sth.＂意为＂使做某事……＂。it是形式宾语，真正的宾语是后面的动词不定式。形容词或名词作宾语补足语。
2. 有类似用法的动词还有find, feel, think, consider等，构成＂find/feel/think/consider it + adj./n. + 不定式短语＂句式。
要点四：现在完成进行时
1. (2016·北京)—Excuse me, which movie are you waiting for?
—The new Star Wars. We _____________ here for more than two hours.
A. waited B. wait
C. would be waiting D. have been waiting
【参考答案】D
2. (2016·江苏) Dashan, who _____________ crosstalk, the Chinese comedic tradition, for decades, wants to mix it up with the Western stand-up tradition.
A. will be learning B. is learning
C. had been learning D. has been learning
【参考答案】D
【试题解析】本句的时间状语是＂for decades＂(几十年来)，该时间状语通常和完成时，本句强调这几十年来大山一直努力把中国相声和西方的脱口秀相结合，所以使用现在完成进行时，强调动作的延续性和反复性。故D正确。
3. (2015·陕西) Marty really hard on his book and he thinks he’ll have finished it by Friday.
A. worked B. has been working
C. had worked D. has worked
【参考答案】B
【知识讲解】
现在完成进行时的用法：
1. 构成：
主语+助动词（have/has）+been+动词的现在分词+其他成分。
2. 基本句型：
肯定式：第一人称+have been doing sth.
疑问式： Have 第一人称+been doing sth.
简略回答： Yes, 第一人称+have. /No, 第一人称+haven’t.
肯定式： 第三人称+has been doing sth.
疑问式 ：Has 第三人称+been doing sth.
简略回答： Yes, 第三人称+has. /No, 第三人称+hasn’t.
3. 用法：
(1)表示一个在过去开始而在最近刚刚结束的动作。
☛Ann is very tired. She has been working hard.
安很累。她工作一直很辛苦。
(2)表示一个从过去开始但仍在进行的动作。
☛It has been raining for two hours.
已经下了两小时雨了。(现在还在下)
(3)表示一个从过去开始延续到现在(可以包括现在在内的一个阶段内)重复发生的动作。
☛She has been playing tennis since she was eight.
她从8岁就开始打网球。
标志：1. 句中常有延续性动词；
2. 时间点前有since。
4. (2014·湖南) The girl has a great interest in sport and _____________ badminton classes twice a week over the last three years.
A. took B. is taking
C. takes D. has been taking
【参考答案】D
【试题解析】若时间状语为＂in/for/over the past /last ＋一段时间＂，动词应用现在完成进行时，表示＂一直在……＂。句意：那个女孩对运动很感兴趣，在过去的三年中她每周参加两次羽毛球课程。
5. —Why do children hang stockings over the fireplace for presents?
—As the story goes, to help a poor family, Father Christmas threw a small bag of gold down the chimney and it fell into a stocking that ___________up to dry over the fireplace.
A. hung B. had hung
C. was hanging D. was hanged
【参考答案】C
【易混辨析】
现在完成时和现在完成进行时的区别：
1. 现在完成时强调完成和影响，现在完成进行时强调未完成和动作本身。
2. 现在完成时经常表单次动作，现在完成进行时可表重复动作。
3. 现在完成时陈述事实，现在完成进行时表感情色彩。
4. 表重复时：完成时强调成果，讲次数；完成进行时强调持续，不讲次数。
要点五：as引导非限制性定语从句
1. (2016•天津) ___________ the average age of the population increases, there are more and more old people to care for.
A. Unless B. Until C. As D. While
【参考答案】C
【试题解析】句意：随着人口平均年龄的增长，越来越多的老人要照顾。unless除非；until直到；as因为，正如，随着；while虽然，然而，当……时候。根据语境，故选C。
【知识讲解】
as引导非限定性定语从句时，as指代整个主句的内容，但不同于which的是，它引导的定语从句既可以位于主句的前面，也可以位于主句的后面。as的意思是＂正如＂，在这些从句中as作主语或宾语。
经常使用的短语有：as we all know, as(it) seems likely, as (it) often happens, as (it) was printed out, as (it) was said earlier, as I remember (it), as I understand (it), as (it) appears, as is known, as is said, as is reported, as announced, as we had expected, as everybody can see, as is mentioned above等。
☛As we all know, China is a developing country.
众所周知，中国是一个发展中国家。(在句首只能使用as)
☛As was expected, he failed in the exam.
正如所料，他考试不及格。
☛As is often the case, my mother has the final say in the argument.
通常情况下，我妈妈对争议进行最终决策。
【注意】
1. as引导限制性定语从句，先行词前边有such，as，so，the same修饰。
2. as引导非限制性定语从句，指代主句的内容，在从句中作主语或宾语。
☛Such people as were recommended by him were reliable.
他所推荐的人是可靠的。
☛We were sitting, as I remember, in a riverside restaurant.
我记得我们当时是坐在一家河畔的餐馆里。
2. (2017·新课标全国卷I改编) Like anything, it is possible to have too much of both, is not good for the health.
【参考答案】which
3. (2015•湖南)It is a truly delightful place, ___________ looks the same as it must have done 100 years ago with its winding streets and pretty cottages.
A. as B. where C. that D. which
【参考答案】D
【易混辨析】
as与which引导的非限制性定语从句的区别：
1. as引导的从句可位于主句前、中、后，但which 引导的定语从句只能位于主句后。
☛David, as you know, is a photographer.
戴维是个摄影师，你是知道的。(不可用which)
2. as在定语从句中作主语时，从句谓语通常要有be动词或别的系动词，但which不受此限制。
☛Li Ming was late, which (=and this) made Mr Zhang very angry.
李明迟到了，这让张老师非常生气。(不可用as)
3. as引导的定语从句只能表示一个众所周知或意料之中的事，但which不受此限制。
☛He married her, which was unexpected.
他和她结婚了，这真是出人意料。(不可用as)
要点六：as if引导状语从句
1. (2017·新课标全国卷I改编) When fat and salt are removed (remove) from food, the food tastes _____________(仿佛) it is missing something.
2. (2017·北京改编)Others say we can just ＂switch them off＂ _____________(仿佛) super intelligent machines are too stupid to think of that possibility.
【参考答案】
1. as if
2. as if
3. (2015•陕西) I believe you will have a wonderful time here ___________ you get to know everyone else.
A. though B. as if
C. once D. so that
【参考答案】C
【试题解析】句意：我相信一旦你了解这里的每个人，你将玩得很愉快。though虽然；as if好像；once一旦；so that为了。所以选C。
【知识讲解】
as if的用法：
1. as if 引导表语从句时，所表示的情况是事实或具有很大可能性。通常用陈述语气，句子的谓语动词主要有look, seem, taste, smell, sound, feel等。
☛It looks as if they have succeeded in the experiment.
看来好像他们试验成功了。
☛The lady felt as if she lost something.
这位女士好像丢了什么东西。
2. as if 引导方式状语从句时，所表示的情况不是事实，而是主观想象或夸大性的比喻。
从句通常用虚拟语气，具体来说：
(1)当从句表示对现在情况的虚拟，谓语用一般过去时，be动词常用 were；
(2)当从句表示对过去情况的虚拟，谓语用过去完成时；
(3)当从句表示对将来情况的虚拟，谓语用＂would/could/might+动词原形＂。
☛He opened his mouth as if he would say something.
他张开嘴好像要说什么。
☛It looks as if it might snow.
看来好像要下雪了。
3. as if后可接v-ing或不定式。
☛From time to time he turned round as if searching for someone.
他不时地转身，好像在找人一样。
☛He paused, as if to let them pay attention.
他停了下来，好像想让他们注意到自己。
要点七：不定式作后置定语
单句改错
She was the first black woman win the gold medal in the Olympic Games.
________________________________________________________________________________________
【参考答案】在win前加to
【知识讲解】
当中心词是序数词或被序数词修饰时，常用不定式作后置定语。不定式作定语与被修饰词之间存在关系如下：
1. 主谓关系。
☛In my family, my mother is always the first one to get up.
在我家我妈妈总是第一个起床。
2. 动宾关系。如果不定式里的动词是不及物动词，则要加上适当的介词或副词，才能直接修饰前面的宾语。
☛He has a lot of books to read.
他有很多书要看。
☛She has nothing to worry about.
她没什么可担心的。
3. 动状关系。被修饰词如果是不定式里动词的状语，多用介词短语。由于被修饰词前没有介词，所以只能在不定式里的动词后加介词。
☛I have no house to live in.
我没有房子住。
4. 不存在主谓、动宾、动状关系。被修饰词与不定式里的动词不存在主谓、动宾、动状关系的，被修饰词多是些抽象名词。
☛I have no time to go to the movie.
我没有时间去看电影。
不定式作定语的常考情形：
1. 当中心词是序数词或被序数词、形容词最高级，the next, the only, the last等修饰时，常用不定式作后置定语。
2. 被用来修饰的词是抽象名词，常见的有：ability, belief, chance, idea, promise, attempt, way等。
☛The ability to express an idea is as important as the idea itself.
表达思想的能力和思想本身一样重要。
【归纳总结】
如果不定式是一个不及物动词，或者不定式所修饰的名词或代词是不定式动作的地点、工具等时，不定式后面要有必要的介词。
☛I think this room is the best place to study in.
我认为这个房间是学习的最佳地点。
要点八：whether...or...
(2017·天津) She asked me ___________ I had returned the books to the library, and I admitted that I hadn’t.
A. when B. where C. whether D. what
【参考答案】C
【知识讲解】
whether...or...结构的用法：
1. whether...or...可引导名词性从句，意为＂是……还是……＂。
☛I don’t know whether to go or come.
我不知道是去还是来。
2. whether...or...还可以引导让步状语从句，表示＂无论……还是……＂，既可放在句首，也可放在句尾。
☛Whether you like it or not, you’ll have to pay.
不管你是否喜欢，你都要付款。
【特别注意】
whether or not意为＂无论如何，无论＂；whether...or not则表示＂是否＂的意思。
☛Whether or not he will never be able to forgive me.
无论如何他都不能原谅我。
☛I don’t care whether he will come or not.
我不在乎他是否能来。
要点九：No wonder...句型
1. (2017·浙江) For Pahlsson, its return was wonder.
【参考答案】a
2. (2016•天津) —I’m thinking of going back to school to get another degree.
—Sounds great! ____________.
A. It all depends B. Go for it
C. Never mind D. No wonder
【参考答案】B
【试题解析】句意：——我在想回去上学再拿一个学位。——听起来很棒！努力争取吧。A. 那就看情况而定了；B. 去争取吧；C. 没关系；D. 难怪。故选B。
【知识讲解】
1. ＂no wonder (that)...＂意为＂难怪……，……不足为奇＂，是＂It is no wonder (that)...＂的省略形式，后面接从句，that可省略。
☛No wonder (that) you can’t sleep when you eat so much.
你吃这么多，难怪睡不着。
☛No wonder (that) it is called the Eighth Wonder of the World.
难怪它被称为＂世界第八大奇迹＂。
2. wonder at/about对……惊讶
wonder whether (if)/when/why/how ... 想知道是否/什么时候/为什么/怎么……
(work/do wonders创造奇迹
in wonder惊讶地
It’s a wonder that... 令人惊讶的是……
3. There is no doubt that... 毫无疑问……
There is no point (in) doing sth. 做某事无意义
There is no need to do sth. 没有必要做某事
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