2015—2016学年度上学期高二期初考试
英语试题
第I卷
注意事项：
1.答第I卷前，考生务必将自己的姓名、准考证号填写在答题卡上。
2.选出每小题答案后，用铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑。如需改动，用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其他答案标号。不能答在本试卷上，否则无效。
第一部分：阅读理解（共两节，满分40分）
第一节 (共15小题；每小题2分，满分30分)
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项（A、B、C和D）中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
A
Europeans should try to stay indoors if ash from Iceland's volcano starts settling, the World Health Organization warned Friday as small amounts fell in Iceland, Scotland and Norway.
WHO spokesman Daniel Epstein said the microscopic(微小的) ash is potentially dangerous for people when it starts to reach the Earth because inhaled(吸入) particles can enter the lungs and cause respiratory problems. And he also said Europeans who go outside might want to consider wearing a mask.
Other experts, however, weren't convinced the volcanic ash would have a major effect on peoples' health and said WHO's warnings were "hysterical." They said volcanic ash was much less dangerous than cigarette smoke or pollution. Volcanic ash is made of fine particles of fragmented volcanic rock. It is light gray to black and can be as fine as talcum powder. During a volcanic eruption, the ash can be breathed deep into the lungs and cause irritation even in healthy people. But once it falls from a greater distance----like from the cloud currently hovering above Europe — its health effects are often minimal, experts say.
"Not all particles are created equal," said Ken Donaldson, a professor of
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respiratory toxicology at the University of Edinburgh, "In the great scheme of things, volcanic ash is not all that harmful." And he said most Europeans' exposure to volcanic ash would be negligible and that only those in the near districts of the Icelandic volcano would likely be at risk.
Dr. Stephen Spiro, a professor of respiratory medicine and deputy chair of the British Lung Foundation, said the further the particles travel, the less dangerous they will be. "The cloud has already passed over northern Scotland and we haven't heard of any ill effects there," he said. Spiro said to wear masks or stay indoors to avoid volcanic ash was "over the top" and "a bit hysterical."
1. The text is mainly about .
A. the effect of volcanic ash B. the health risk of volcanic ash
C. the disadvantages of volcanic ash D. the opinions on health risk of volcanic ash
2. Which one is true according to Paragraph3?
A. The volcanic ash’s effects on Europeans were little.
B. The ash caused irritation even in healthy people.
C. Other experts thought WTO’S warnings were useful.
D. The volcanic ash was more dangerous than cigarette smoke or pollution.
3. The underlined word “hysterical” in the last paragraph most probably means _______ .
A. amazing B. practical C. valuable D. overstated
4. What can we learn from the passage?
A. The volcanic ash wouldn’t be harmful to people.
B. All experts thought the volcanic ash did great harm to our health.
C. People close to the volcano would likely be at risk according to some experts.
D. Europeans should stay indoors because Iceland's volcano starts settling.
B
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Most people agree that the direct, assertive (过分自信的) American personality is a virtue, but it sometimes surprises foreigners. In many cultures, respect for older people or those in positions of authority keeps others from expressing their true feelings. But in the U.S, children often argue with their parents, students may disagree with their teachers, and citizens may express opposition to the actions of the government. If the soup has a fly in it or the meat is too tough to chew, the diner can complain to the waiter, if the boss makes a mistake, an employee will politely point it out.
Some straight talk about the American character must include the admission that Americans have their faults. The extremely competitive nature of Americans is probably their worst fault. Of course, competition isn’t always bad. As a matter of fact, it promotes excellence by encouraging individuals and businesses to try to do their best. But the desire to get ahead of others sometimes causes people to do things that are unkind and even dishonest. Also, Americans admire what is practical, fast, efficient, and fresh. Sometimes they fail to understand and appreciate practices that have greater respect for more traditional, leisurely ways of doing things. On the other hand, people from other cultures may dislike the practical, challenging American lifestyle.
Despite culture differences, most foreigners give Americans credit for their virtues. Americans are generally viewed as friendly, adaptable, energetic, and kindhearted. Most newcomers to the U.S. like Americans, and the feeling is usually mutual. Perhaps the greatest American virtue is a deep interest in new ideas and new people. In a nation of immigrants, the foreigner does not remain an outsider for long.
5. In order to show the respect for older people,, .
A. people from some other cultures will always express their true feeling
B. people from some other cultures may sometimes hide their true feeling
C. Americans always show their true feelings
D. Americans usually argue with them
6. Why is the extremely competitive nature considered as one of American faults?
A. Because people from other cultures fear competition.
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B. Because only American people own it.
C. Because it will make people forget leisure.
D. Because it may sometimes urge people to do something bad.
7. It can be inferred from the passage that .
A. American people are more critical of everything than people from other cultures
B. the author believes that American character has more faults than virtues
C. the author admires American virtues as they are viewed as competitive and anti traditional
D. it is difficult for newcomers to get on with Americans
8. The passage mainly talks about .
A. American virtues B. American characters
C. American faults D. American lifestyles
C
The cars were honking (鸣叫) on the road one morning as I was walking to the park. I walked on and soon found the cause — a little taxi that had got stuck in the middle of the road. There was sweat on the driver's face as he tried to start the engine again and again — nothing happened. "No petrol,"
I said to myself and then found myself getting angry. "Why doesn't the fool move his taxi to the side?" I thought, so did all the others who honked and shouted.
He got up tiredly, and the passenger in the taxi got out. He was a young man in a white shirt, who watched the driver try to push it to the side. "Stupid guy!" I said. "Can't he lend a helping hand? "
I watched as the poor driver pushed it to the side. Cars, buses and trucks went past cursing (咒骂 ) the poor man. The young man took another taxi and went off.
The taxi driver began mending his taxi. "Stupid passenger!" I said to him. "He didn't help you!" The taxi driver slowly got up. "Sir!" he asked, "Did you?" I looked at him guiltily, then looked away, and walked away fast, asking myself, "Did I help the poor man push his taxi?"
What had I been doing as the traffic jam took place? How had I helped deal with
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the problem? Did I help the poor man push his taxi? I’d done my bit, with my mouth. But never had I moved to solve the problem. I was shocked with guilt as I heard him asking, "Sir! Did you?"
9. Why did a traffic jam happen on the road when the author was walking to the park?
A. There was too much traffic in the street.
B. Truck drivers attempted to go ahead of others.
C. taxi driver couldn't start his engine.
D. young man wasn't good at driving.
10. The author's attitude toward the passenger is that of __________.
A. anger B. respect C. sympathy D. guilt
11. Why did the author feel guilty?
A. Because he blamed the driver wrongly.
B. Because he didn't help the driver, either.
C. Because he tried to help but failed in the end.
D. Because he didn't persuade the passenger to help.
12. From the incident, the author learnt a lesson that we should _________.
A. criticize those who don't help B. hurt the self-respect of others no more
C. think more of those who are in need D. stop talking and start to help
D
Back those photos up
The images were striking. Homes on the East Coast were washed away by Superstorm Sandy. People were in tears, picking up faded photographs, among their only remaining possessions.
If that doesn’t move you to get serious about safekeeping your lifetime of memories, what will? The digital age offers tools never imaginable before—including one-click access to a lifetime of family photos.
Here is a brochure on how to back up your photos and save them online, where they can live forever and be accessible in good times and bad.
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Scanning
The first step for those old photos is to scan them and save them to a digital format. Most printers come with scanners these days, so that’s an easy but extremely time-consuming step.
Storing the photos
With your scans in place, import the photos into your computer, and back them up.
You could make multiple copies of the disks and spread them to loved ones. Or you could choose external(外接的) hard drives or USB thumb drive, and add your photo and video collection from your computer.
Online backup
If you need lots of space, look at a pure online backup service, Caronite.
Caronite backs up 300 million files daily. Once you sign up, it starts to pick up everything you have on your hard drive. But photo collection on your computer’s main hard drive charges for $59 a year.
Cloud Storage
For folks who don’t need automatic backup, but instead want to take a more active approach, Dropbox, Google Drive and Microsoft’s SkyDrive let you store files online by yourself, share and instantly access them. All offer free options—2GB of free storage for Dropbox, 5GB for Google and 7GB for SkyDrive. But if you want more, you need to pay.
Bottom Line
The hard drive or flash drive is the cheapest and easiest. But drives can fail. Online services are more expensive, but more secure. With more of us switching back and forth between our computers, such services are the best way to get access to our data from wherever we are.
13. Why does the author mention Superstorm Sandy?
A. To tell the background of the scanning photos.
B. To attract the readers’ interest in the backups.
C. To describe a severe natural disaster.
D. To win the readers’ sympathy.
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14. What can we know from the passage?
A. Scanning photos takes little time but costs a lot.
B. Caronite charges for backing up photos from hard drive.
C. Google Drive offers unlimited free photo storage on line.
D. The hard drive or flash drive is the cheapest and safest.
15. Which of the following allows storing files automatically?
A. Caronite. B. Dropbox. C. SkyDrive. D. Flash drive.
第二节(共5小题，每小题2分，满分l0分)
根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填人空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
Four bad habits that can hurt your teeth
You brush twice a day and floss(牙线剔牙)pretty regularly? Excellent I Both are key to keeping your pearly whites clean，strong and healthy． 16
Duck the dentist．
At least 20％ Americans have one or more untreated cavities(蛀牙)．Ignored，cavities can get larger，deeper and cause severe aches，infection or even tooth loss． 17 You should schedule regular checkups and cleanings once or twice a year．
18
Bacteria in your mouth that feed on the sugar in sodas and sweetened fruit drinks make acids that attack tooth enamel(牙釉质)for up to 20 minutes after you’re done drinking, says the American Dental Association．Repeated attacks weaken enamel，leading to cavities and sensitive teeth．
Use old brushes
They’re less effective at cleaning；plus the bristles(刷毛)may breed bacteria．Replace your brush every three to four months, sooner if it's frayed．and right after you’ve had a cold，flu．mouth infection or throat．There are more tips for you． 19 . Brush in circles with fluoride(氟化物) toothpaste．
Bite things open
You know you’ve done it—with a bag of chips．a piece of tape or even a price tag
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on new clothes．Not a good idea：， 20 . If the nerve in a cracked tooth gets damaged or infected，you might need a root canal．
A .Drink sugar．
B. Your tooth could break，which hurts．
C. Don’t wait for pain to see the dentist．
D. See the dentist at least once a year．
E. Using old brushes may do you great harm．
F. Choose a soft-bristled brush with a small head to get at hard-to-reach spots．
G. But let’s do a checkup on four bad habits that can undo all your good work．
第二部分：英语知识运用 (共两节，满分45分)
第一节：完型填空（共20小题；每小题1.5分，满分30分）
阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的四个选项(A、B、C和D)中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
On Wednesday afternoon Annie took the bus into town to shop in the market. For an hour or so she would walk up and down between the stalls looking at everything, buying here and there, and 21 a sharp lookout for the bargains that were something to be had. And then, with all the 22 she needs bought she would leave the market for the 23 of the town to spend another hour 24 she liked best, looking in furniture-shop windows.
One Wednesday she found a 25 shop full of the most delightful things, with a 26 inviting anyone to walk in and look round without 27 they had to buy something. Annie hesitated a moment 28 stepping through the doorway where, almost at once, she stopped 29 before a green armchair. There was a card on the chair which 30 ,“This fine chair is yours for less than a pound a week,” and very small at the bottom, “Cash price eighty-nine pounds fifty.” A pound a week …Why, she could almost pay that out of her housekeeping money and never 31 it!
A voice at her shoulder made her 32 .“Can I help you, Madam?” She looked 33 at the assistant who had come softly to her 34
“Oh, well, no,” she said, “I was just 35 .”
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“We have chairs of all kinds in the 36 If you'll just come up, you will find something to 37 you.”
Annie, worried at the thought of being 38 to buy something she didn't 39 , left the shop __40 .
21.A.taking B. making C. fixing D. keeping
22.A.chairs B. furniture C. things D. bargains
23.A.shops B. streets C. delightful things D. bus station
24.A.in the way B. by the way C. in a way D. in one way
25.A.new B. noisy C. large D. strange
26.A.message B. notice C. note D. flag
27.A.arguing B. declaring C. frightening D. feeling
28.A.when B. before C. after D. while
29.A.doubted B. surprised C. puzzled D. delighted
30.A.wrote B. told C. informed D. said
31. A. lose B. miss C. pass D. make
32. A. jump B. run C. laugh D. surprise
33. A. round B. straight C. behind D. up
34. A. place B. back C. side D. front
35. A. thinking B. looking C. walking D. passing
36. A. doorway B. storehouse C. showroom D. market
37. A. suit B. fit C. serve D. match
38. A. advised B. made C. persuaded D. cheated
39. A. like B. afford C. pay D. need
40. A. slowly B. thoughtfully C. hurriedly D. carefully
第II 卷
第二部分：英语知识运用（共两节，满分45分）
第二节 （共10个小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分）
阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容（不多于3个单词）或括号内单词的正确形式。
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David will never forget what happened to him the day before yesterday. He 41 (eat)something at home when he received a strange phone call from a hospital. The caller said that his son 42 (fall) to the ground unconscious on the way to schoo1. It was he 43_ took him to the hospital. David hung up his cell phone and rushed to his son’s classroom, only to find him listening to the teacher attentively. He suddenly realized that he had been cheated, but he felt 44 (relieve)．Just at that time the phone rang again，saying，“Your son is in great danger and he needs 45 immediate operation which costs 48,000 yuan．The doctors here say they will not operate 46 your son until they receive the money.’’ When 47 (ask) from where the caller had taken his son to hospital, the caller rang off. David gave a big smile and said．“What a pity!”
If the cheater thought he could get money from David in such a 48 (honest)way, he was wrong. Such phone calls are common these days. A few of them might have fallen victims to such tricks. Most parents are sensitive to 49 . It was really silly to cheat well—educated men like David．
Believe it or not, it’s a true story. The 50 (colleague)in his office can confirm it, such as Tom，Peter and so on．
第三部分：写作（共两节，满分35分）
第一节：短文改错 (共10小题; 每小题1分, 满分10分)
假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文，请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。文中共有10处语言错误，每句中最多有两处。每处错误涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。
增加: 在缺词处加一个漏字符号（∧）, 并在其下写出该加的词。
删除: 把多余的词用斜线（\）划掉。
修改: 在错的词下划一横线, 并在该词下面写出修改后的词。
注意: 1.每处错误及其修改均仅限一词；
2.只允许修改10处, 多者（从第11处起）不计分。
Ladies and gentlemen,
It is special pleasure to welcome our new staff member, Mr Tony White, who has come here to America.
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Mr White has recently graduated from the University of Chicago where he has majored in English Literature and minored in Teaching English as the Second Language. He will working with us here for at least two years.
One of the goals of our school are to promote understanding and cooperation between the young people of our two countries. By have Mr White, who is willing to sacrifice the comfort of his friends and family to come to a strange country, we feel we are very lucky and our goals will be easily realized.
On behalf of the whole school, I’d like to extend to you, Mr White, your sincerest welcome.
We are indeed happy to have you here, and we wish you all the better during your stay in China.
Thank you.
第二节：书面表达（满分25分）
每位同学都希望自己具有良好的人际关系，成为班级中受欢迎的人。请你根据下表所提供的信息，写一篇题为“Being a Popular Student”的英语短文，参加学校网站英语论坛的讨论。
受人喜爱的个性品质
对待集体
热心班级活动，具有团队精神，工作负责，……
对待他人
尊重、关心他人，富有同情心，……
对待自己
(请考生自己实际拟定内容，列举至少两点) ……
注意： 1. 对所给要点，逐一陈述，适当发挥，不要简单翻译。
2. 词数150左右。开头已经写好，不计入总词数。
Being a Popular Student
We all hope to be popular with our classmates and teachers._____________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
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2015—2016学年度上学期高二期初考试英语答案
阅读理解
A
本文主要就冰岛火山灰对欧洲人的健康是否有很大危害这一问题，世卫组织和其他专家们给出了不同的看法。
1．D. 主旨大意题。本文主要就火山灰对人的健康的危害问题世卫组织和其他专家给出不同观点。A太笼统；B不能体现不同的观点；C与文章内容无关；D符合题意。
2. A. 细节理解题。第三段最后一句可知A是正确的；由第三段中During a volcanic eruption……in healthy people.可知B错误；由第三段中Other experts, however, weren't convinced…… cigarette smoke or pollution可排除C D。
3. D. 词义猜测题。由上文中volcanic ash is not all that harmful和下文中only those in the near vicinity of the Icelandic volcano would likely be at risk可知D正确, 夸大的，言过其实的。
4．C. 由第三段 But once it falls from a greater distance….. effects are often minimal和第四段中 only those in the near vicinity of the Icelandic volcano would likely be at risk以及第五段中 the further the particles travel, the more diluted and less dangerous they will be可知C正确。ABD观点表达绝对。
B
5. B. 事实细节题。文章首段第二句提到“In many cultures respect for older people or those
in positions of authority keeps others from expressing their true feelings”.由此可知：出于对长者尊敬，许多国家的人们往往不会表达自己的真实感受，故选项B正确.
6. D. 细节判断题。文章第二段第五句话指出“But the desire to get ahead of others sometimes causes people... unkind and even dishonest”,也就是说，极端的竞争性有时会使人误入歧途，由此可知D正确答案。
7. A.
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推理判断题。文章首段中几个例子论证了美国人直率的性格，从中我们不难推断出，美国人比其他外国人更善于批判，故A为正确答案。本文论述了美国人性格的三个方面，其中坦率和对新事物的兴趣是作者赞赏的，都被视为virtue,故排除B，第三段第二句话指出“Americans are generally viewed as friendly, adaptable, energetic, and kindhearted”,由此可排除C；根据最后一段内容可推断出，美国人并不难相处，所以选项D也不对。
8. B. 主旨大意题。本文主要阐述了美国人的性格，作者在第二段第二句中提到“The
extremely competitive nature... their worst fault”,以及第二段倒数第二句也提到“Sometimes they fail to understand and appreciate practices...”,由此可知文章并非全在说美国人的优点，故可排除A；文章虽在第二段两处提到美国人的缺点，但不是主要内容，故C也可排除；选项D显然不对.
9-----12 CABD 13-----15 BBA 16-20 GCAFB
完形填空
21．D keep a sharp lookout for是固定短语，意思为：“当心，注视”。
22．C 根据语义，“买完了她所需要的东西”。
23．B 根据下句“looking in furniture-shop windows”可知，她是在逛街。
24．A 有定语从句she liked best 修饰，应该用特指 in the way的形式，意思为“用她最喜欢的方法”。
25．A 选项 B．noisy和C．large有干扰性，但从该句的信息词found可知，应该选A：new。
26．B 根据文义，在商店门口贴着的应该是广告牌、告示等。
27．D 根据句义“告示邀请人进来看看，不用觉得必须买东西”。
28．B 句义应该是: “她走进去之前，犹豫了片刻”。
29．D 根据下文中There was a card on the chair which said ，“This fine chair is yours for less than a pound a week，”可知，她应该是惊喜的停下来。
30．D 上面写着什么，应用say或read。
31．B 根据文中 A pound a week…一句可得出答案：miss。
32．A make somebody surprised.。B、C两项不合题意，A．jump“(因喜悦、吃惊、紧张等)跃起，跳动，剧跳”。
33．A 根据前句A voice at her shoulder made her…可知，应该选round，look round 掉头看，环顾。
34．D 售货员已走到她面前。
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35．B 根据语境可知。
36．C 根据实际情况，顾客应该去展厅看货物，而不是去储藏室。
37．A fit是指衣服的大小、尺寸合身。suit是指衣服的颜色、款式适合某人，还可以有更广泛的意思，时间等适合某人，什么东西使某人中意。
38．C A项advised，劝告、建议，对方不一定去干，而persuaded.说服某人干什么，强调结果对方被说服了，此处正是她担心被说服买不需要的东西。
39．D 由18可知答案:need。
40．C 由上文中worried at…可知，应是匆匆离开商店。
语法填空
【文章解读】这篇文章主要叙述了当前生活中存在的一些骗子想以告诉父母们孩子生病了而骗取钱财，结果都让受过教育的父母们给破解了。
41. was eating根据下文的when he received ...判断主句应用过去进行时。判断填was eating。
42. had fallen 根据从句的动作fall发生在主句的谓语动词said之前，应用过去完成时。故填had fallen。
43. who/that 根据强调句型It is/was + 被强调部分 + that /who +不被强调部分。该句中强调的是主语，是he，不被强调部分应用that/who引导。故填who/that。
44. relieved 根据feel relieved感到释然，放心，relieve使……释然、放心。应该用过去分词作表语。故填relieved。
45. an need an immediate operation需要立即手术。immediate是以元音音素开头的单词。因此答案填an。
46 . on 根据operate on给某人做手术。故填on。
47. asked根据句子的主语是ask的动作承受者，应用过去分词作状语。故填asked。
48. dishonest 根据前文的cheater，应填“不诚实的”，也就是honest的反义词。可知填dishonest。
49. them 根据前文的such tricks如此的把戏，故填them。
50. colleagues 根据such as Tom，Peter and so on应用复数形式，故填colleagues。
短文改错
Ladies and gentlemen,
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It is special pleasure to welcome our new staff member, Mr Tony White, who has come
1.Λmy或a
here to America.
2. from
Mr White has recently graduated from the University of Chicago where he has majored in
3. 删掉has
English Literature and minored in Teaching English as the Second Language. He will working
4. a 5.Λbe
with us here for at least two years.
One of the goals of our school are to promote understanding and cooperation between the
6. is
young people of our two countries. By have Mr White, who is willing to sacrifice the comfort
7. having
of his friends and family to come to a strange country, we feel we are very lucky and our goals
8.Λthat
will be easily realized.
On behalf of the school staff, I’d like to extend to you, Mr White, your sincerest welcome.
9. our
We are indeed happy to have you here, and we wish you all the better during your stay in
10. best
China.
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书面表达
One possible version:
Being a Popular Student
We all hope to be popular with our classmates and teachers. To enjoy popularity, we are supposed to regard the class as our big family and even offer to sacrifice our personal interests whenever necessary. While taking an active part in all our class activities, we should work responsibly to build up a good reputation as a team.
To be students with high popularity, we are to show respect, concern and sympathy for others. As a result, we never hesitate to lend a hand to those in need.
To be a popular student, we ought to be strict with ourselves in everything we do at school and make every effort to achieve all-round development, being good not only at our lessons but also at sports, music, painting, social services and so on. In time of success we remain modest, while in time of difficulty we keep strong-minded.
All in all, popularity among classmates and teachers comes naturally to those who keep improving their personal qualities.
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