Unit 3 Inventors and inventions
第二部分： 英语知识运用（共两节，满分45分）
第一节：单项填空（共15小题；每小题1分，满分15 分）
从A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
21. — Can I speak to Dr. Johnson, please?
— _____ May I take a message for you?
A. Who are you? B. Just take your time.
C. OK, why not? D. Sorry, but he’s not in.
22. The wounded soldier has come to _____ life, but he is not out of _____ woods yet.
A. a; 不填 B. a; the C. 不填; the D. 不填; 不填
23. That opportunity, _____ occasionally, made it possible for Jonathan to realize his dream.
A. seizing B. seized C. to seize D. having seized
24. We haven’t yet settled the question of _____ we are going to spend our summer vacation.
A. that B. which C. where D. what
25. The young fellow couldn’t bear _____ and left alone shortly after the party began.
A. having ignored B. ignoring C. to ignore D. being ignored
26. The old song reminded Mary of _____ fun she used to have with her grandmother.
A. when B. what C. where D. how
27. After several years’ hard work, scientists finally _____ the gene that causes abnormal growth.
A. distinguished B. identified C. separated D. recognized
28. Working mothers find frozen food very _____, especially when there is little time to cook.
A. convenient B. ripe C. multiple D. stable
29. David said he would regret now if he _____ the river to save the drowning child
then.
A. didn’t dive into B. hadn’t dived into
C. wouldn’t dive into D. shouldn’t dive into
30. —I called you many times last night, but I just couldn’t get through.
—Sorry. My mobile phone must have been _____ again.
A. out of order B. out of control
C. out of reach D. out of style
31. _____ quickly, the keys made a pleasant sound, indicating the person playing the piano was in a good mood.
A. Tapping B. Tapped C. To tap D. Be tapped
32. My brother questioned the _____ of the company and he didn’t believe the problem would be solved.
A. patents B. products C. competence D. expectation
33. The girl was new here. She didn’t know how to _____ the job.
A. set down B. set up C. set back D. set about
34. When they’ll set out to investigate the accident _____ known to the public yet.
A. hasn’t been B. haven’t been C. wasn’t D. weren’t
35. I think _____ bad manners to ring off when the other is still speaking over the phone.
A. that B. it C. one D. this
第二节：完形填空（共20小题；每小题1.5分，满分30 分）
阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的四个选项（A、B、C和D）中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
Beth was sitting in an airport hall, waiting to board a plane. As she waited, she pulled out a magazine and started 36 . Suddenly she saw a stewardess 37 a wheelchair, with an ugly old man sitting in it. He had long white hair that was such a 38. His face was really, really wrinkled, and he didn’t look friendly 39 . At that moment, Beth didn’t know why, 40 she felt drawn to the man. For no 41 she wanted to brush this old man’s hair.
She went to the old man, and said, “Sir, may I have the 42 of brushing your
hair for you?”
He said, “What?”
She thought, “Maybe he has difficulty in 43.” Again, a little louder, she 44 the question.
The old man just looked at her 45 , and said, “Well, I guess if you really want to.”
Beth got a brush and started brushing his hair. She
46 for a long time. Just as she was 47 , she heard the old man crying. She looked directly into his eyes, 48, and asked, “Sir, what’s the matter?”
He answered, “I have been in the hospital far from my home for almost two months to have a special 49 . My wife couldn’t come because she is so weak herself.”
He 50 , “I was so worried about how terrible my hair looked, and I didn’t want her to see me 51 like that, but I couldn’t brush my hair, all by myself.”
As he 52 Beth for brushing his hair, tears were flowing down his face.
Beth was so moved that she 53 . As they were all boarding the plane, the stewardess, who was 54 crying, stopped her, and asked, “55 did you do that?”
“Because love brings me inner contentment,” answered Beth.
36. A. resting B. writing C. reading D. sleeping
37. A. pushing B. bringing C. showing D. catching
38. A. fashion B. shame C. gift D. mess
39. A. as least B. as usual C. at all D. at once
40. A. but B. so C. or D. until
41. A. excuse B. reason C. time D. consideration
42. A. right B. duty C. courage D. honor
43. A. seeing B. hearing C. thinking D. speaking
44. A. analyzed B. discussed C. answered D. repeated
45. A. excited B. satisfied C. confused D. frightened
46. A. worked B. conducted C. wiped D. complained
47. A. speeding up B. finishing up C. cheering up D. turning up
48. A. happily B. comfortably C. deliberately D. softly
49. A. flight B. task C. operation D. interview
50. A. added B. asked C. replied D. shouted
51. A. behaving B. sitting C. talking D. looking
52. A. praised B. thanked C. awarded D. accompanied
53. A. left B. stopped C. cried D. followed
54. A. also B. still C. just D. seldom
55. A. Why B. Where C. How D. When
第三部分： 阅读理解（共两节，满分40分）
第一节（共15小题；每小题2分，满分30分）
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项（A、B、C和D）中，选出最佳选项。
A ★
Have you ever heard someone say “It’s the real McCoy”? This means something is the best and not a fake. It is thought that this saying came from customers of Elijah McCoy. The tool he had invented for oiling (给……加润滑油) trains was so good that others tried to copy it. The railroads (铁路公司) wanted McCoy’s tool and not a low-quality imitation. They wanted“the real McCoy”.
Elijah McCoy was an inventor. His parents had been slaves in Kentucky, US. They ran away to Canada so they could be free. McCoy was born in the province of Ontario in 1844. He went to school there until he was 15 years old. He was very interested in how mechanical things worked. His parents sent him to a school in Scotland where he learned to be a mechanical engineer.
After graduation, McCoy went home to Canada. Soon he moved to Michigan, US, and got a job on a railroad. The managers of the railroad thought that an African-American could not be a good engineer and only offered him less important jobs.
He oiled the moving parts of the train. This had to be done while the train was stopped, which was dangerous, because when trains were stopped for oiling, other trains sometimes ran into them. What’s more, it took a long time to oil the trains. McCoy invented a tool that could oil a train while it was moving. In 1872, he got a patent from the government to make and sell his automatic oil cup. In less than ten years, the automatic oil cup was being used in trains, ships, and many kinds
of steam engines.
McCoy moved to Detroit, Michigan, in 1882. There he thought up ways to improve steam engines. McCoy kept on inventing for the rest of his life. At the age of 80, he got a patent for a tire. In all, McCoy had 57 patents for his inventions.
56. What is the text mainly about?
A. The origin of an American saying.
B. An African-American inventor.
C. Patents for steam engines.
D. The automatic oil cup.
57. Originally, “the real McCoy” referred to _____.
A. a customer of McCoy’s
B. a train driven by McCoy
C. one of McCoy’s inventions
D. one imitation of a McCoy patent
58. The railroad managers in Michigan _____.
A. doubted McCoy’s abilities
B. refused to offer McCoy a job
C. reminded McCoy that the job was very dangerous
D. asked McCoy to invent a tool to oil a moving train
59. What do we learn about Elijah McCoy?
A. He was mainly self-taught.
B. He had been a slave in the US.
C. He was still inventing at an old age.
D. He spent most of his life in Canada.
B ★★
Welcome to Cambridge Dictionaries Online!
Cambridge University Press publishes a range of dictionaries for learners of English all around the world. You can search our dictionaries using the search box at the top of the page.
New for elementary learners
We’ve added two new choices to Cambridge Dictionaries Online — Essential British English and Essential American English. Both are for elementary learners of English, and are specially written to make the definitions and examples easy to understand.
They cover all of the vocabulary that elementary learners need to learn in English.
More than just a dictionary
Don’t forget to visit our New Words, which keeps you up to date with words and meanings that are just starting to be used in English. There’s also our fascinating Blog about how the English language behaves. You can give your opinion on new expressions or blog posts by voting or leaving comments, so get involved!
Tell your friends!
If you find something you like, you can now share it with your friends. Just click on the relevant icon (计算机图标) to spread the word. You can also become a fan on Facebook, follow us on Twitter, or add a Cambridge Dictionary toolbar (工具栏) to your computer — it’s now easier than ever.
Do you like Cambridge Dictionaries Online? Could you make it even better? Let us know your thoughts and ideas! Email us and let us know:dictionary@cambridge.org.
60. What’s the purpose of this text?
A. To encourage people to visit the website of Cambridge University.
B. To explain how to use Cambridge Dictionaries Online.
C. To recommend Cambridge Dictionaries Online.
D. To introduce new ways to learn English words.
61. According to the text, which of the following in China may benefit most from the two new choices?
A. High school students.
B. English teachers.
C. College students.
D. English editors.
62. Cambridge Dictionaries Online is more than just a dictionary because _____.
A. it can be shared with friends
B. it provides pictures about new words
C. you can download it onto your computer
D. you can read blogs and leave your comments
C ★★★
Think about the longest elevator ride that you’ve ever taken. Whether you rose five floors or 100, it probably took less than a few minutes. Now imagine riding in an elevator higher and higher as it climbs for nearly a day. When you reach the top floor, prepare for views that are really out of this world. You’ll be in space!
Space elevators might sound like a crazy idea, but they’re something scientists have been working on for decades.
Why would anyone want a space elevator? At the moment, riding in a capsule is the only way ordinary people can get to and from space. But those rides are very expensive — about $25 million per person per flight.
Researchers are still figuring out the details about how a space elevator might work. One idea is stretching (伸展) a very long cable — more than 37,000 kilometers — up to space from the earth’s equator (赤道). The location is important: Objects in space above the equator orbit (绕……的轨道飞行) the earth at the same speed that our planet turns. A weight on the end of the cable would stretch it tight. An elevator tied to the cable could use it to climb up and down.
The only problem is that besides being long, this cable must also be very strong. Storms, including hurricanes might break it. One way to solve this problem is to stretch the cable from the moon instead of from the earth. Airplanes designed to climb higher than a typical jet might take off from the earth and link up with the cable, which would be held in place by the pull of gravity from the earth. An elevator car waiting there would then take riders the rest of the way to the moon. Fueled by solar power, the elevator could transport people and materials without much expense or effort per ride.
So, when will you be taking your first space-elevator ride? Probably not for a while.
63. The first paragraph is presented by _____.
A. giving an example B. making a comparison
C. asking questions D. analyzing causes
64. Why have scientists been working on space elevators?
A. To make trips to space cheaper.
B. To help astronauts do research in space.
C. To find a more convenient way to the moon.
D. To prove an assumption which seems crazy.
65. The underlined word “it” in Paragraph 4 refers to _____.
A. the cable
B. the equator
C. an object in space
D. a weight on the end of the cable
66. What may make the cable stay in place on the moon?
A. The elevator car on the moon.
B. The elevator fastened to the cable.
C. The pull of gravity from the earth.
D. The speed of the moon orbiting the earth.
D ★★
“It is obvious that China will climb up university rankings in the years to come.”This statement from Phil Baty, editor of the Times Higher Education World University Rankings, lines up with China’s optimism that it will produce world-class universities. But there are still difficulties to overcome, experts say.
Universities from China’s mainland slipped in the 2011-2012 Times’ global rankings. Peking University dropped 12 places from last year to 49th, and Tsinghua University fell to 71st place. Among Asian universities, Peking is ranked No. 4 and Tsinghua No. 8.
A combination of factors determines rankings — research output, study environment, reputation and international outlook.
Due to China’s economic development, investment (投入) in education and
research has increased, but the quality of education and research in Chinese academia seems not to have kept pace.
The gauge (判定标准) is the number of papers published in highly respected English-language journals, so while many papers are being produced in China, it appears not all are good enough to attract international attention.
Still, higher education in China is developing quickly, thanks in part to huge government investment. China spent an amount equal to 3.69 percent of GDP on education last year, according to Ministry of Finance data.
China has the largest and one of the fastest growing higher education systems in the world — 2,723 schools for 31 million students. Enrollment (入学人数) has increased more than four times from 2001 to 2011.
67. What’s Phil Baty’s attitude towards the future of Chinese universities?
A. Unconcerned. B. Uncertain.
C. Optimistic. D. Worried.
68. What was Peking University’s place in the 2010 Times’ global rankings?
A. No. 4. B. No. 37.
C. No. 49. D. No. 59.
69. All the following are factors that determine a university’s ranking EXCEPT _____.
A. the quantity of its published papers
B. how good its study environment is
C. the number of its graduates
D. how well-known it is
70. What is the problem with papers produced in China?
A. Lack of variety.
B. Lack of quality.
C. Not being translated well.
D. Not being tested enough.
第二节（共5小题；每小题2分，满分10分）
根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
How to write a business apology letter
Drafting a good business apology letter is one of the basic tasks a businessman has to complete. 71 It can also retain (保留) the customer, and even strengthen your relationship with the customer.
72 Then a business apology letter can be drafted and sent to the customer without delay. However, if you doubt that there are legal issues, it’s better to delay sending a formal reply until you receive legal advice.
Before drafting a letter of apology, you should first consider the reason for the apology. 73 Then thoroughly investigate the issue to determine exactly what went wrong. Decide who you need to apologise to, how you should apologise, and when would be the best time to send the apology letter.
74
1) Get comprehensive (综合的) details about how the situation unfolded;
2) Stick to the facts of the immediate situation;
3) Acknowledge any pain or damage suffered by the customer;
4) Outline the company’s role in the incident;
5) State that the company regrets the situation;
6) Apologise to the customer sincerely, etc.
Include all of the above elements to produce a concise and appropriate business apology letter. Keep the letter as brief as possible and be mindful of the tone of the letter. 75
A. Find out if the problem has affected anyone else.
B. A well drafted apology can limit the damage done.
C. Tell the customer that the situation will not occur again.
D. A letter of complaint should be investigated as soon as possible.
E. A good sample letter would take account of the following issues.
F. A respectful and considerate tone will go a long way towards rebuilding a damaged customer relationship.
G. It is better to make an apology, even though the company is not at fault, than
to risk losing a valuable customer.
第四部分： 写作（共两节，满分35分）
第一节：短文改错（共10小题；每小题1分，满分10分）
假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文，请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。文中共有10处语言错误，每句中最多有两处。每处错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。
增加：在缺词处加一个漏字符号（∧），并在其下面写出该加的词。
删除：把多余的词用斜线（＼）划掉。
修改：在错的词下划一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词。
注意：
1. 每处错误及其修改均仅限一词；
2. 只允许修改10处，多者（从第11处起）不计分。
Many people find exams frightened experiences. Sit down for an exam when everyone is so quiet and serious really makes people nervous. In order to overcome that, I always do few things to relax after I start. At the beginning of the exam, I read out all the directions carefully so that I can know exactly how I have to do. Then I work out how many time I can spend on each question and make sure I keep to my timetable. If I feel myself getting nervous at any time, I will stop what I was doing and take a few deep breath. However, I think the most important thing is to review my work thoroughly before exams. The better I’m prepared, the more worried I will be in exams.
第二节：书面表达（满分25分）
某英语杂志发起“What do you want to invent most?”的讨论。假设你叫李华，请你给该杂志的编辑写封信参加此次讨论。内容应包括：
（1）你最想发明什么；
（2）你的发明的特点。
注意:
1. 词数：100左右；
2. 开头和结尾已给出，但不计入总词数。
Dear Editor,
I am Li Hua. I am writing to...
Yours, Li Hua
【参考答案】
21-25 DCBCD 26-30 BBABA 31-35 BCDAB
36-40 CADCA 41-45 BDBDC 46-50 ABDCA
51-55 DBCAA 56-60 BCACC 61-65 ADBAA
66-70 CCBCB 71-75 BDAEF
76. ... frightened experiences. frightened → frightening
77. Sit down for an exam ... Sit → Sitting
78. ... do few things to ... few前加a
79. ... after I start. after → before
80. ... I read out all the directions ... 去掉out
81. ... exactly how I have to do. how → what
82. ... work out how many time ... many → much
83. ... stop what I was doing ... was → am
84. ... take a few deep breath. breath → breaths
85. ... the more worried ... more → less
One possible version:
Dear Editor,
I am Li Hua. I am writing to share with you what I want to invent most.
I want to invent a motorcycle that can fly. It should reach a height of over 3,000 meters, with a maximum speed of 278 km per hour. It can be ridden like a normal motorcycle when I go to school. In rush hours, I can fly it in order to avoid traffic jams. What’s more, it can be folded so that I can put it inside a car and I can put it together quickly if I want to ride it.
This is my dream and I will work hard to realize it one day.
Yours, Li Hua
微信/支付宝扫码支付