Book 5 Unit 2 The United Kingdom单元测试
第二部分：阅读理解（共两节，满分40分）
第一节（共15小题；每小题2分，满分30分）
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项（A、B、C和D）中，选出最佳选项。
A
★★☆☆☆
What does family mean to you? Could you capture it in a photograph? If so, our great new competition is for you! All you have to do is take a picture that sums up your sense of family life.
The competition will be judged by the RD (Reader’s Digest) team and award-winning photo-
grapher Barry Marsden. To get your creative juices flowing, here are two of our regular photographers’ tips for taking great pictures.
Pal Hansen
The most important thing is to carry a camera around with you at all times. Use manual (手动的) settings as much as possible. Now that everything is digital I’d also say, “Shoot as much as possible,” because it doesn’t cost anything.
Michelle McCarron
Kids find wonder in the simplest things, so as a photographer it helps to be ready for those moments. The connection across generations is sometimes best captured in a photograph. Frame your subject well. Get close to the action, or your subject, and choose your angle (角度) carefully. A slightly odd angle can make a photo different.
HOW TO ENTER
★ Take a clear photo with either a phone or digital camera. Send it to rdphotocomp@readersdigest. co.uk by 5 pm, August 30, 2014. Please include a brief explanation of who’s in the entry (参赛作品).
★There are two categories — one for adults and one for under-18s.
★In the adult category, the winner will receive £500. The under-18 winner will receive £250 of high-street vouchers (代金券) for a store of their choice.
Rules:
Please make sure that pictures are not published before.
If you are under 16 you must ask your parent’s permission to enter this competition.
We will use entries in all print and electronic media. We cannot return your entry.
Entry is not open to employees of Vivat Direct Ltd (trading as Reader’s Digest) and all other persons associated with this competition, their immediate families, and relatives living in an employee’s household. The judges’ decision is final.
21. What do we know about the photo competition?
A. It is designed for readers of RD.
B. Entries must be about family.
C. Photos must be taken by a camera.
D. Pal Hansen is one of its judges.
22. To take part in the competition, one should _____.
A. be 18 years old or above
B. send in his entry in August
C. ask his family’s permission
D. give a description of his entry
23. According to the text, winners of the competition will _____.
A. each win￡500
B. get their entries back
C. see their pictures published
D. be offered some vouchers
B
★★☆☆☆
He runs from explosions, drives over waterfalls and jumps from tall buildings. That might sound like Superman, but stuntman (特技演员) Vince Deadrick Jr. is very much human.
As a stuntman in movies and television shows, Deadrick admits he’s no stranger to getting hurt. He has suffered broken bones, bled, gotten knocked out and nearly fallen to his death, but he considers himself lucky to be alive after some of the stunts he has performed.
Deadrick has been a stunt coordinator (协调员) for the Nickelodeon channel for 12 years. He has worked with famous actors, directors and producers, and he has traveled all over the world. But that doesn’t mean his work is easy.
It took him years of hard work to get where he is today. Deadrick’s father, Vince Deadrick Sr., was also a stuntman, but his family connection didn’t give Deadrick a free pass into the movie business. He learned from his dad how to set up cardboard boxes and fall pads for high falls, and he started training on his own once he decided to follow in his father’s footsteps.
As a stunt coordinator, Deadrick takes danger seriously. When he hires a new stunt performer, he looks for a professional.
“You’re only as good as the people you hire,” he says. A stuntman needs to know his own abilities and limitations so he won’t shy away from doing his best but also won’t be such a daredevil (铤而走险的人) that he could hurt himself or others.
When the actors and stuntmen are going to do something dangerous, they need to know they’re trusting the right person. With over 40 years in the business, Deadrick is an expert at making stunts both realistic and safe.
Though he has a large amount of responsibility, Deadrick loves his job.
“I’m in a position where I have to make decisions on risk factors, keeping the actors and stuntmen safe while still making it look impressive. I love my business, and I love the excitement.”
24. It can be inferred from Paragraph 2 that Deadrick is _____.
A. careless B. optimistic
C. unfortunate D. generous
25. What do we know about Deadrick’s path to success?
A. He picked up his stunt skills from a stuntman.
B. He made it with hard work and great effort.
C. His dad offered him great encouragement.
D. His dad led him into the movie business.
26. When hiring stuntmen, Deadrick _____.
A. can’t be too careful
B. prefers the fearless ones
C. likes those with no limitations
D. puts experience above all else
27. What does Deadrick think of his job?
A. Hard and boring.
B. Easy and attractive.
C. Skilled but relaxing.
D. Challenging but exciting.
C
★★★☆☆
Many of the inventions that form part of our everyday lives had their roots right here in the UK. Let’s take a look at some of the most important inventions.
The bagless vacuum cleaner (真空吸尘器) James Dyson, 1979
There are some things we don’t know we need until someone invents them. Step forward, the bagless vacuum cleaner. James Dyson came up with the idea after spending a lot of money on an expensive cleaner that simply pushed dirt around.
Most of us would have left it that, but Dyson went on to change the basic principle of a vacuum cleaner — an idea that hadn’t been challenged for 100 years — by
designing a system that removed the necessity of the bag for good. His final version took five years of research.
However, when Dyson first approached manufacturers (制造商) with his idea, he couldn’t interest them. But he didn’t give up and set up a factory in Wiltshire in 1993 to produce them himself. Two years later, Dyson products were outselling the competition.
The Mini Alec Issigonis, 1959
While the Americans were driving supersize Cadillacs, Britain famously went in the opposite direction and came up with a small car.
Alec Issigonis was responsible for the design and made a name for himself in motoring history with its launch (投放市场) in 1959 for the British Motor Corporation (BMC). The Mini’s success wasn’t overnight. Many thought it “strange”, but it developed into a love affair with the British that’s never decreased, helped by the fact that many stars loved it.
The London sewage system (污水处理系统) Joseph Bazalgette, 1865
Like any major city, London has always produced large amounts of waste. Give thanks, then, to Joseph Bazalgette, an engineer who developed a far-reaching underground sewage system. It changed the process of getting rid of waste by dumping it into the Thames River. Even more impressive was his idea to construct pipes that would function for nearly 150 years and still be large enough to meet the need of an increasing population. As he said, “We’re only going to do this once.”
28. What do we know about James Dyson and his idea?
A. His efforts paid off at last.
B. He enjoyed immediate success.
C. His idea attracted many manufacturers.
D. He set up the first vacuum cleaner factory.
29. The Mini won its popularity _____.
A. soon after its launch in 1959
B. because it was advertised by stars
C. with the help of some famous people
D. because people lost interest in supersize cars
30. The underlined sentence “We’re only going to do this once” in the last paragraph shows Bazalgette was _____.
A. cautious B. confident
C. far-sighted D. strong-minded
31. What did the three British inventors have in common?
A. Their success came after many failures.
B. They influenced many other inventors.
C. They made their inventions by accident.
D. Their inventions changed people’s lives.
D
★★★☆☆
As each semester begins, my colleague greets his students wearing a jacket and tie.
“You make only one first impression,” he says. So while the rest of the semester he teaches class in his usual, more casual clothes, the first week he presents a different image.
His thought is that students will remember their first meet positively and more readily think highly of him as the semester goes on because that favorable first impression has an influence on them.
The sequence (顺序) that we meet matters in how we judge subsequent (后来的) information. The big influence of first impressions is related to the halo effect, where the perception (看法) of positive qualities in one thing or part gives rise to the perception of similar qualities in related things or in the whole.
Here is an example: You meet a friendly person at a party and later are asked to collect money for a worthy cause. You call that person because you think she will make a contribution. In reality, there is no connection between being pleasant and being generous. Yet the halo effect leads you to think that the two are related.
The halo effect is powerful, but it is questionable whether it matters much in long-term relationships, such as that between teacher and student. While dressing up may make students think the teacher must know his subject matter because he creates a professional first impression, the effect wears thin if the person turns out to be a poor teacher after all.
First impressions matter but they don’t have the final word. Facts speak louder. If you had never seen or heard of Einstein, the first time you saw him your impression would most likely be negative. Now his face is connected with genius (天才), not madness because he is the person who has come to define what genius is.
The problem is that few of us are Einsteins and we often don’t get the chance to change a negative first impression.
32. The author explains the halo effect mainly by _____.
A. giving an example
B. making a comparison
C. setting down general rules
D. following the order of importance
33. In the author’s eyes, the halo effect _____.
A. is surprisingly powerful
B. matters more in the long run
C. may affect our judgment of others
D. makes some teachers irresponsible
34. The author uses the example of Einstein to show the importance of _____.
A. appearance B. truth
C. impressions D. fairness
35. The author seems to advise readers _____.
A. to mind their first impressions
B. not to judge a book by its cover
C. not to follow others’ judgments
D. to pay no attention to the halo effect
第二节（共5小题；每小题2分，满分10分）
根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
Four benefits of writing by hand
Today is National Handwriting Day! Although we don’t write like we used to, here are four ways handwriting is still helpful.
It’s better for learning.
36 That’s because putting ink to paper stimulates (刺激) the brain. One study from 2010 found that the brain areas related to learning “lit up” much more when kids were asked to write words like “spaceship” by hand versus just studying the word closely.
37
Many famous authors prefer writing by hand to the use of a typewriter or computer. Writer Susan Sontag once said that she penned her first drafts (草稿) before typing them up for editing later. She said, “ 38 ” A 2009 study seems to support Sontag’s preference for writing by hand: Elementary school students who wrote essays with a pen not only wrote more than their keyboard-tapping friends, but they also wrote faster and in more complete sentences.
It will prevent you from being distracted (分心).
The computer in front of you is really a distraction. 39 In 2012, scientists even suggested that taking five-minute breaks to browse Tumblr or BuzzFeed could make you a more productive worker. However, when it’s time to work on that essay, have only a pen and paper in front of you.
It keeps your brain sharp as you get older.
40 According to The Wall Street Journal, some physicians say that the act of writing is good exercise for those who want to keep their minds sharp as they age.
A. It makes you a better writer.
B. Writing is good for your brain.
C. Of course, the Internet isn’t all bad.
D. I like the slowness of writing by hand.
E. Try writing by hand at least 20 minutes each day.
F. Many writers have a preference for writing by hand.
G. One of the most effective ways to study is to rewrite your notes by hand.
第三部分：语言知识运用（共两节，满分45分）
第一节：完形填空（共20小题；每小题1.5分，满分30分）
阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的四个选项（Ａ、Ｂ、Ｃ和Ｄ）中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
★★☆☆☆
When I was young, I had always wanted a baby sister, someone who loved me and understood me. My mother 41 ! She’d always regretted her own 42 of sisters: “I’m going to make sure you aren’t 43 when you grow up,” she said.
But she didn’t keep her word. From the time I was three until I was ten, she did nothing but 44 baby brothers. I did my best to persuade my mother’s uterus (子宫) to grow a girl. I waved pink blankets and hair ribbon around my mother. Nothing 45 .
Finally, when she’d delivered her fifth son, my mother 46 making promises. “Paul, that’s all,” she declared to my father.
The boys broke the 47 of our days and turned our home into a chaos (混乱) of toys. “It’s 48 me,” my mother screamed.
However, having brothers wasn’t all 49 . Many people spend their lives thinking that the opposite sex comes from the opposite end of the solar system. I grew up on the 50 planet with men, 51 that their habits and hearts were different from — but very much complementary (补充的) to — my own. Because my brothers are 52 and competitive, I’ve laughed more than any ten women I know. I also tend to think strategically 53 emotionally. 54 it took me a long time to know the true blessing (恩惠) of brothers: sisters-in-law!
For many years now, my brothers’ 55 have provided the 56 I always dreamed of — choosing the oversize sweater for Christmas the year I 57 weight, visiting frequently to cheer me up when I was in hospital, 58 their children as my own hope for motherhood became less and less likely.
I can always 59 the diets we’ve tried, the walks we’ve taken, the stories we’ve shared, the meals we’ve cooked and the babies we’ve chased. Both my brothers and my sisters-in-law have become the most 60 part of my life, showing me the blessing of belonging.
41. A. decided B. refused C. answered D. promised
42. A. lack B. memory C. love D. loss
43. A. upset B. lonely C. embarrassed D. afraid
44. A. educate B. help C. deliver D. expect
45. A. finished B. worked C. failed D. passed
46. A. regretted B. enjoyed C. stopped D. tried
47. A. happiness B. quietness C. darkness D. plainness
48. A. before B. after C. beside D. beyond
49. A. bad B. serious C. fortunate D. interesting
50. A. far B. moving C. same D. opposite
51. A. knowing B. hoping C. doubting D. imagining
52. A. clever B. funny C. brave D. selfless
53. A. as well as B. ahead of C. except for D. in case of
54. A. As B. So C. But D. Since
55. A. classmates B. neighbors C. friends D. wives
56. A. present B. surprise C. support D. life
57. A. put on B. keep down C. lose D. measure
58. A. raising B. sharing C. following D. lending
59. A. cook B. recognize C. remember D. appreciate
60. A. useful B. complete C. ordinary D. important
第Ⅱ卷
第三部分：语言知识运用（共两节，满分45分）
第二节（共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分）
阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容（不多于3个单词）或括号内单词的正确形式。
If you get the chance to visit Brazil, you should go to the town of Ouro Preto (欧鲁普雷图). It was a mining town during 61. ________ 1700s and became very wealthy thanks to the gold trade. Thousands of people crowded into the town in the hope of finding gold, an event 62. ________ (know) as a gold rush. The town wasn’t only filled with gold hunters because artists and writers followed soon after. This is 63. ________ the area is full of beautiful works of arts.
The fantastic buildings and art still exist to be seen and enjoyed because people kept Ouro Preto well 64. ________ (preserve) over the years. The architecture has helped the development of tourism, 65. ________ Ouro Preto now relies heavily. Tourist favorites are the 18th⁃ and 19th⁃century churches that are decorated 66. ________ real gold. There are also many sculptures by famous Brazilian artists.
One of the famous works in Ouro Preto is the Church of San Francisco de Assis. However, another 67. ________ (amaze) sight, other than the church itself, is the painted wooden ceiling inside. The painting has beautiful colors and shows cupid
(丘比特) flying in a(n) 68. ________ (enjoy) scene. With the 69. ________ (extreme) impressive buildings and statues, more and more visitors 70. ________ (attract) to Ouro Preto every year.
第四部分：写作（共两节，满分35分）
第一节：短文改错（共10小题；每小题1分，满分10分）
假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文，请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。文中共有10处语言错误，每句中最多有两处。每处错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。
增加：在缺词处加一个漏字符号（∧），并在其下面写出该加的词。
删除：把多余的词用斜线（＼）划掉。
修改：在错的词下划一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词。
注意：1. 每处错误及其修改均仅限一词；2. 只允许修改10处，多者（从第11处起）不计分。
Recently, while camping, I had one of the long nights of my life, and it was all thanks my best friend, Bradley.
After tell my friend about my fear of spiders, I was told that the average human who swallows eight spiders per year while sleeping. He told me that for some reason and other, spiders love the warmth of human breath great. So they go down our throat while it’s open, and we have no idea because they are asleep. After hearing that, I was unable to speak, let alone slept. When it was time to go to sleep that night, I couldn’t get the thought out of my minds.
The next morning, Bradley finally told me that he is joking about the spiders.
第二节：书面表达（满分25分）
假如你是李华，你的英国网友Mary想来参观你的家乡——贵州，来信询问一些相关情况。请根据所给提示，用英语写一封回信。内容主要包括：
1. 贵州气候宜人，交通便利，矿产资源丰富；
2. 著名的黄果树瀑布（位于安顺市西南部， 距离贵阳市150公里）水流湍急，清澈凉爽；草海自然保护区四面环山，栖息着100多种珍奇水鸟。
注意：
1. 词数120左右（开头和结尾已给出，但不计入总词数）；
2. 可适当增加细节，以使行文连贯；
3. 参考词汇：黄果树瀑布Huangguoshu Waterfall；草海自然保护区Caohai Nature Reserve；水鸟water birds
Dear Mary,
I’m glad to hear that you’d like to visit my hometown — Guizhou.
_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
Best regards,
Li Hua
参考答案
21-25 BDCBB 26-30 ADACC
31-35 DACBA 36-40 GADCB 41-45 DABCB
46-50 CBDAC 51-55 ABACD 56-60 CABCD
61. the 62. known 63. why
64. preserved 65. on which 66. with
67. amazing 68. enjoyable 69. extremely 70. are attracted
短文改错：
71. ... the long nights ... long → longest
72. ... thanks my best friend ... thanks后加to
73. After tell my friend ... tell → telling
74. ... who swallows ... 去掉who
75. ... reason and other ... and → or
76. ... human breath great. great → greatly
77. ... they are asleep. they → we
78. ... let alone slept. slept → sleep
79. ... out of my minds. minds → mind
80. ... he is joking ... is → was
One possible version:
Dear Mary,
I’m glad to hear that you’d like to visit my hometown — Guizhou. Guizhou, lying in the southwestern part of China, is rich in natural resources. Its climate is favorable and it is convenient to get here by air, rail or highway.
There are many places of interest in Guizhou, such as Huangguoshu Waterfall, which has a high reputation both at home and abroad. Huangguoshu Waterfall is located in the southwest of Anshun, 150 kilometers away from Guiyang. It is well known for its rapid and beautiful waterfall, which is clear and cool. Another famous tourist attraction is Caohai Nature Reserve, which is surrounded by mountains. It is the habitat of more than 100 species of water birds.
In short, it is well worth visiting Guizhou, where I believe you will enjoy yourself. I’d be glad to be your guide when you’re here.
Best regards,
Li Hua
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