2018年高考题
1.【2018·江苏】24. It’s strange that he _______ have taken the books without the owner’s permission.
A. would B. should
C. could D. might
【答案】B
点睛:本题考查虚拟语气。It is important/necessary/strange/impossible/natural that... 主语从句多数情况下用虚拟语气,表达一种要求、命令或者责备、建议或主观看法。但是如果只是表示陈述一个事实而不是强烈的感情,完全可以用一般的陈述语气。试比较: It is strange that he had made a mistake.(陈述一个事实:他犯了错误让人有点奇怪。) It is strange that he (should) have made a mistake. (虚拟语气,说话者是在责备他本不应该犯错。)
2.【2018·江苏】27. There is a good social life in the village, and I wish I _______ a second chance to become more involved.
A. had B. will have
C. would have had D. have had
【答案】A
【解析】考查虚拟语气。句意:在这个村里有很好的社交生活,并且我希望我再有机会去更多的参与。本题考查wish引导的宾语从句,表示与现在事实相反的愿望,所以从句用一般过去时。故选A。
点睛:本题考查wish引导的虚拟语气。由wish引起的表示愿望的虚拟语气:1.用wish表示对现在的愿望时,它所引起的宾语从句中谓语动词形式为:过去式(be动词用were)。2.用wish表示对将来的愿望时,它所引起的宾语从句中谓语动词形式为:would, could,
might+ 动词原形。3.wish用于对过去的事实表示一种不可能实现的愿望时,宾语从句中的谓语动词形式为:had+动词过去分词或could, would + have +动词过去分词。分析此题需抓住前句There is a good social life in the village的时态是一般现在时,可以判断出此题wish用于对现在的事实表示一种不可能实现的愿望。
3.【2018·天津】10. I can't find my purse. I___________ it in the supermarket yesterday, but I'm not sure.
A. should leave B. must have left
C. might leave D. could have left
【答案】D
点睛:情态动词是每年高考的热点也是难点。本题抓住两点:第一、时态。根据句中时间状语可以判断出是对过去事情的推测,故用情态动词 + have done;如果是对现在事情的推测,才用情态动词+v原形。第二、情态动词的选择。must为肯定推测,表示“一定”,could为不肯定推测,表示“可能”,这样就能选出正确答案。
4.【2018·北京】12. In today’s information age, the loss of data _________ cause serious problems for a company.
A. need B. should C. can D. must
【答案】C
【解析】考查情态动词。句意:在今天的信息时代,数据的丢失有时会对一个公司造成严重的问题。数据丢失造成严重问题是客观上会发生的情况,即“客观可能性”,故该空应用情态动词can。C选项正确。其余情态动词均没有该用法。need需要;should应该,竟然;must必须,肯定。
点睛:can的基本用法:1. (表示能力、功能)能,会;2. (表示推测)可能,可能会;3.(表示允许,请求)可以;4.(表示客观可能性)有时会。
5.【2018·北京】13. They might have found a better hotel if they _________ a few more
kilometers.
A. drove B. would drive C. were to drive D. had driven
【答案】D
【解析】考查虚拟语气。句意:如果他们多开几公里的话,他们也许会找到一个更好的旅馆。由“they might have found a better hotel”可知,该句是表示对过去的虚拟。if ____ a few more kilometers是条件句部分,表示对过去的虚拟,条件句部分要用过去完成时态,故D选项正确。
点睛:1. 表示对现在的虚拟:if条件句用一般过去时,主句用would/might/could/should+do;2. 表示对过去的虚拟:if条件句用过去完成时,主句用would/might/could/should+have done;3. 表示对将来的虚拟:if条件句用were to do/should do/一般过去时,主句用would/might/could/should+do。
6.【2018·天津】15. If we ___________the flight yesterday, we would be enjoying our holiday on the beach
A. had caught B. caught
C. have caught D. would catch
【答案】A
【解析】考查虚拟语气。句意:如果我们昨天赶上飞机的话,现在我们正在海滩享受我们的假日了。根据时间状语yesterday可知,从句表示与过去事实相反,故用had + v-ed。故选A。
点睛:本题考查虚拟语气。虚拟语气重要做题原则:根据题干中主句或从句中动词形式判断所考查的动词的虚拟时间,一般要保持一致,但要注意错综时间虚拟语气要根据各自所表示的虚拟时间做出调整。本题就是错综条件虚拟语气,从句与过去事实相反,故用had + v-ed,主句与现在事实相反。
2017年高考题
【2017·北京卷】21. Samuel, the tallest boy in our class, ______ easily reach the books on the top shelf.
A. must B. should C. can D. need
【答案】C
考点:考查情态动词
【名师点睛】
常用的情态动词有can,may,must,need, should等
1. can 的用法:
① 表示能力 “能,会” eg: He can speak a little Japanese.他会说一点日语。
② 表示请求或许可 “可以” eg: Can I help you? 要我帮忙吗?
③ 表示猜测 “可能” eg: Where can she go now? 她可能到哪里去了呢?
2.may 的用法:
①表示请求或允许 “可以”“准许” eg: May I go home,please?请问我可以回家吗?
② 表示可能性 “ 可能”、也许” eg: I think it may rain this afternoon. 我想今天下午可能下雨。
注:might为may的过去式,但也可以代替may,语气较为婉转客气或更加不肯定。
eg: ① He might not come today.今天他也许不来了。(语气不肯定)
②You might also get a headache when you work too hard,当你工作太努力时,你也可能患头痛
3. must的用法:
①表示义务、必要或命令 “必须、应该” eg: You must come early tomorrow.你明天得早来。
② 表示推测时“肯定,一定” eg: They must be at home.The light is on 他们肯定在家,灯亮着呢.
③ must not 禁止,不许 eg: You must not tell lies. 你不许撒谎。
注意: ①must开头的疑问句,其否定回答通常用 don't have to 或needn't 。而不用mustn't
eg: ---Must I finish my homework first? 我必须先完成作业吗?
---No, you don't have to/ needn't. 不,你不必。
② can 和 must在 表推测时,can一般否定句中,而must 常用于肯定句中。
eg: ①It can not be Li Lei 那个人不可能是李磊
② It must be Li Lei 那个人肯定是李磊。
4. need 的用法:
① 情态动词 “需要, 有必要”一般用于否定句或疑问句中。
eg: You needn't come here this afternoon.你今天下午不必来。
② 行为动词 “需要, 有必要” 可以用于各种句式中。
eg: ①You don't need to go now. 你不必现在就走。
② I need to have a rest. 我需要休息一下
③ Do we need to finish all the work today? 我们今天需要完成所有的工作吗?
need的用法的助记口诀:
实义动词表“需要”,后接名、代、不定式。 need后接动名词,主动形式表被动。
情态动词表“需要”,没有人称 数之变。 其后直接加动原,多用疑问与否定。
【2017·北京卷】34. If the new safety system _______ to use, the accident would never have happened.
A. had been put B. were put C. should be put D. would be put
【答案】A
考点:考查虚拟语气。
【名师点睛】
英语中的三种语气,语气是动词的一种形式,用来说明我们对自己的话所采取的态度。
1、 陈述语气(疑问,否定,肯定,感叹)
2、 祈使语气(命令,要求,建议,警告)
3、 虚拟语气:不可能发生的事,愿望,建议,与事实相反的假设等.
一、 虚拟语气在条件中的具体用法
真实条件句
If you work hard,you’ll surely pass the exam.
虚拟条件句(假设情况不存在,实现机会很小)
If I were a bird, I could fly freely in the sky.
if从句的谓语动词
主句谓语动词
1.与现在事实相反
动词过去式(be一律用were)
would/could/might/should+动词原形
2.与过去事实相反
had done
would/could/might/should+have done
3.与将来事实可能相反
a.动词过去式(be一律用were)
b.should+动词原形(不能用would)
c.were to+动词原形
would/could/might/should+动词原形
1. 与现在事实相反
if从句:动词过去式(be---were)
主句:would/could/might/should+动词原形
If we had time, we would go with you.
If I were you, I shouldn’t do that.
If it weren’t raining, we wouldn’t stay.
2. 与过去事实相反
if从句:had done
主句:would/could/might/should+have done
If the teacher hadn’t helped us, we couldn’t have succeeded.
I could have done it better if I had been more careful.
If he hadn’t been ill, he might have come.
3.与将来事实可能相反
if从句:a.动词过去式(be一律用were)
b.should+动词原形(不能用would)
c.were to+动词原形
主句:would/could/might/should+动词原形
If he came tomorrow, I would tell him everything.
If it should rain tomorrow, I would stay at home and watch TV.
If it were to snow tomorrow, they would not go out.
Should he come tomorrow, please give the book to him.
4. 错综时间条件句
在虚拟语气中,有时条件从句动作发生的时间和主句动作发生的时间是不一致的,称为错综时间条件句。这种句子的形式往往要根据句子的时间相调整,分别处理。
If you had spoken to him yesterday, you would know what to do now.
If you had followed the doctor’s advice then, you would be all right now.
If you had watered them more, the crops would be growing still better now.
(有时时间会省略)
5. 含蓄条件句
有时虚拟条件不用if条件从句,而用介词或介词短语来表示。
They would not be able to live without him.(如果没有)
He would have failed but for his teacher’s timely advice.
(要不是)=if it had not been for
If only you had worked with greater care!(要是......就好了)
You would have done the same thing in her position.
With a little more care you could have avoid the traffic accident.
6. 虚拟结合条件句
在虚拟语气中,假设的情况有时间可以通过上下文或其他方式表现出来,并且虚拟的情况和真实的情况同时存在。
I was ill that day. Otherwise, I would have taken part in the singing competition.
(实------虚)
=I was ill that day. If I hadn’t been ill that day, I would have taken part in the singing competition.
He would have bought the piano, but he didn’t have enough money.
(虚------实)
=He would have bought the piano if he had had enough money, but in fact he didn’t have enough money.
7. 省略if倒装条件句
在虚拟语气中,if从句假设的情况中如果有助动词had, should和were,那么可省略if,把had, should和were放在句首构成倒装,简称省略if倒装条件句。
If he had finished the work yesterday, he would have gone to the concert with you.
=Had he finished the work yesterday, he would have gone to the concert with you.
If I were you, I wouldn’t do that.
=were I you, I wouldn’t do that.
If I should meet him, I would tell him about it.
=Should I meet him, I would tell him about it.
【2017·江苏卷】22. _______ not for the support of the teachers, the student could not overcome her difficulty.
A. It were B. Were it C. It was D. Was it
【答案】B
【名师点睛】
在虚拟语气中,be动词只能用were;虚拟条件句省去连词if时,从句主谓部分倒装:Were/Had/Should+主
语+谓语动词...
e.g. Were I Tom, I would refuse. 如果我是汤姆,我会拒绝。
I will go, should it be necessary. 假若有必要,我会去的。
Had it not been for the bad weather we would have arrived in time. 若不是天气坏,我们就准时到达了。
若条件从句为否定句,否定词not应置于主语之后,而不能与were, should, had 等缩略成Weren’t, Shouldn’t,
Hadn’t置于句首。
考点:考查虚拟语气和倒装
【2017·天津卷】2. My room is a mess, but I __________clean it before I go out tonight. I can do it in the morning.
A. daren’t B. shouldn’t C. needn’t D. mustn’t
【答案】C
【解析】
试题分析: 句意:我的房间很乱,但是在今晚我出去之前不需要打扫,我可以明天早晨再打扫。A.不敢;B.不应该;C不需要;D.不许。根据句意,故选C。
考点:考查情态动词。
【名师点睛】情态动词主要考查句意和说话人的语气的强弱,这几个情态动词的否定形式意思各不相同,确定各自的含义,弄清它们的区别再结合上下文语境就不难理解了。 daren’t通常表示“不敢”,shouldn’t强调的是没有义务,必要性;needn’t表示“不需要”,mustn't 表示不许,语气比较强烈,它们之间有明显不同。
【2017·天津卷】15. —Do you have Betty’s phone number?
—Yes. Otherwise, I ______able to reach her yesterday.
A. hadn’t been B. wouldn’t have been C. weren’t D. wouldn’t be
【答案】B
【名师点睛】if的虚拟语气非常重要,首先要熟悉基本用法:1、表示与现在事实相反的情况,从句:If主语+过去时(be动词用were);主句:主语+should/would/could/might+do: 2、表示与过去事实相反的情况,从句:If主语+had+done;主句:主语+should/ would/ could/ might+have done 3、表示对将来情况的主观推测,从句:①if+主语+were to do②if+主语+should+do ③if+主语+did(动词过去式)/were ;主句:主语+should /would/ could /might+do,另外要注意从句也可以省略if,把had,were,should提前。这句话的虚拟语气是根据标志词otherwise和句意推断出主句是对过去的虚拟。
2016年高考题
1.【2016·北京】31. I love the weekend, because I ________ get up early on Saturdays and Sundays.
A. needn’t B. mustn’t C. wouldn’t D. shouldn’t
【答案】A
【解析】
试题分析:题目考查情态动词。句意:我喜欢周末,因为周六和周日我不需要早起。A. needn’t不需要;B. mustn’t禁止;C. wouldn’t不愿;D. shouldn’t不应该。根据句意可知,周六、周日不用早起,故选A。
考点:考查情态动词
【名师点睛】
常用的情态动词有can,may,must,need,should, had better.
1. can 的用法:
① 表示能力 “能,会” eg: He can speak a little Japanese.他会说一点日语。
② 表示请求或许可 “可以” eg: Can I help you? 要我帮忙吗?
③ 表示猜测 “可能” eg: Where can she go now? 她可能到哪里去了呢?
2.may 的用法:
①表示请求或允许 “可以”“准许” eg: May I go home,please?请问我可以回家吗?
② 表示可能性 “ 可能”、也许” eg: I think it may rain this afternoon. 我想今天下午可能下雨。
注:might为may的过去式,但也可以代替may,语气较为婉转客气或更加不肯定。
eg: ① He might not come today.今天他也许不来了。(语气不肯定)
②You might also get a headache when you work too hard,当你工作太努力时,你也可能患头痛
3. must的用法:
①表示义务、必要或命令 “必须、应该” eg: You must come early tomorrow.你明天得早来。
② 表示推测时“肯定,一定” eg: They must be at home.The light is on 他们肯定在家,灯亮着呢.
③ must not 禁止,不许 eg: You must not tell lies. 你不许撒谎。
注意: ①must开头的疑问句,其否定回答通常用 don't have to 或needn't 。而不用mustn't
eg: ---Must I finish my homework first? 我必须先完成作业吗?
---No, you don't have to/ needn't. 不,你不必。
② can 和 must在 表推测时,can一般否定句中,而must 常用于肯定句中。
eg: ①It can not be Li Lei 那个人不可能是李磊
② It must be Li Lei 那个人肯定是李磊。
4. need 的用法:
① 情态动词 “需要, 有必要”一般用于否定句或疑问句中。
eg: You needn't come here this afternoon.你今天下午不必来。
② 行为动词 “需要, 有必要” 可以用于各种句式中。
eg: ①You don't need to go now. 你不必现在就走。
② I need to have a rest. 我需要休息一下
③ Do we need to finish all the work today? 我们今天需要完成所有的工作吗?
need的用法的助记口诀:
实义动词表“需要”,后接名、代、不定式。 need后接动名词,主动形式表被动。
情态动词表“需要”,没有人称 数之变。 其后直接加动原,多用疑问与否定。
2.【2016·北京】34. Why didn’t you tell me about your trouble last week? If you ________ me, I could have helped.
A. told B. had told C. were to tell D. would tell
【答案】B
考点:考查虚拟语气
【名师点睛】
英语中的三种语气,语气是动词的一种形式,用来说明我们对自己的话所采取的态度。
1、 陈述语气(疑问,否定,肯定,感叹)
2、 祈使语气(命令,要求,建议,警告)
1、 虚拟语气:不可能发生的事,愿望,建议,与事实相反的假设等.
一、 虚拟语气在条件中的具体用法
真实条件句
If you work hard,you’ll surely pass the exam.
虚拟条件句(假设情况不存在,实现机会很小)
If I were a bird, I could fly freely in the sky.
If it snowed tomorrow, we would stay at the home.
if从句的谓语动词
主句谓语动词
1.与现在事实相反
动词过去式(be一律用were)
would/could/might/should+动词原形
2.与过去事实相反
had done
would/could/might/should+have done
3.与将来事实可能相反
a.动词过去式(be一律用were)
b.should+动词原形(不能用would)
c.were to+动词原形
would/could/might/should+动词原形
1. 与现在事实相反
if从句:动词过去式(be---were)
主句:would/could/might/should+动词原形
If we had time, we would go with you.
If I were you, I shouldn’t do that.
If it weren’t raining, we wouldn’t stay.
2. 与过去事实相反
if从句:had done
主句:would/could/might/should+have done
If the teacher hadn’t helped us, we couldn’t have succeeded.
I could have done it better if I had been more careful.
If he hadn’t been ill, he might have come.
3.与将来事实可能相反
if从句:a.动词过去式(be一律用were)
b.should+动词原形(不能用would)
c.were to+动词原形
主句:would/could/might/should+动词原形
If he came tomorrow, I would tell him everything.
If it should rain tomorrow, I would stay at home and watch TV.
If it were to snow tomorrow, they would not go out.
Should he come tomorrow, please give the book to him.
4. 错综时间条件句
在虚拟语气中,有时条件从句动作发生的时间和主句动作发生的时间是不一致的,称为错综时间条件句。这种句子的形式往往要根据句子的时间相调整,分别处理。
If you had spoken to him yesterday, you would know what to do now.
If you had followed the doctor’s advice then, you would be all right now.
If you had watered them more, the crops would be growing still better now.
(有时时间会省略)
5. 含蓄条件句
有时虚拟条件不用if条件从句,而用介词或介词短语来表示。
They would not be able to live without him.(如果没有)
He would have failed but for his teacher’s timely advice.
(要不是)=if it had not been for
If only you had worked with greater care!(要是......就好了)
You would have done the same thing in her position.
With a little more care you could have avoid the traffic accident.
6. 虚拟结合条件句
在虚拟语气中,假设的情况有时间可以通过上下文或其他方式表现出来,并且虚拟的情况和真实的情况同时存在。
I was ill that day. Otherwise, I would have taken part in the singing competition.
(实------虚)
=I was ill that day. If I hadn’t been ill that day, I would have taken part in the singing competition.
He would have bought the piano, but he didn’t have enough money.
(虚------实)
=He would have bought the piano if he had had enough money, but in fact he didn’t have enough money.
7. 省略if倒装条件句
在虚拟语气中,if从句假设的情况中如果有助动词had, should和were,那么可省略if,把had, should和were放在句首构成倒装,简称省略if倒装条件句。
If he had finished the work yesterday, he would have gone to the concert with you.
=Had he finished the work yesterday, he would have gone to the concert with you.
If I were you, I wouldn’t do that.
=were I you, I wouldn’t do that.
If I should meet him, I would tell him about it.
=Should I meet him, I would tell him about it.
3.【2016·江苏】27.If it for his invitation the other day, I should not be here now.
A. had not been B. should not be C. were not to be D. should not have been
【答案】A
【名师点睛】
有时条件从句和主句所表示的动作在时间上可以不一致(例如一个与过去事实相反,另一个与现在事实相反),这种虚拟条件句就称为错综时间虚拟条件句。在这种条件句中,动词的形式要根据具体情况进行调整。
例句:
She would never have behaved like that if she had some common sense.
如果她有一些常识的话,她就决不会像那样做了。
If I had a bike (now), I would have lent it to you yesterday.
假如我有自行车,昨天早就借给你了。
句型说明: 错综时间条件句中,特别注意时间状语,在这种情况下必须明确给以时间或通过上下文可明白看出时间不同,否则就按一般时间搭配使用。
考点:考查虚拟语气
4.【2016·天津】5. It was really annoying; I _____ get access to the data bank you had recommended.
A. wouldn’t B. couldn’t C. shouldn’t D. needn’t
【答案】B
考点:考查情态动词。
【名师点睛】情态动词主要考查句意和说话人的语气的强弱,这几个情态动词的否定形式意思各不相同,确定各自的含义,弄清它们的区别再结合上下文语境就不难理解了。couldn’t通常表示“没有能力”,wouldn’t带有意愿色彩,shouldn’t强调的是没有义务,必要性;needn’t表示“没有需要”,之间有明显不同。
5.【2016·天津】15. I was wearing a seatbelt. If I hadn’t been wearing one, I
____.
A. were injured B. would be injured
C. had been injured D. would have been injured
【答案】D
【解析】
试题分析:句意:我当时系着安全带。如果我没有系安全带,我就会受伤了。使用虚拟语气,根据if条件句用的had done,可知,主句用would have done表示对过去情况的虚拟,而且I和injure是被动关系。故选D。
【名师点睛】if的虚拟语气非常重要,首先要熟悉基本用法:1、表示与现在事实相反的情况,从句:If主语+过去时(be动词用were);主句:主语+should/would/could/might+do: 2、表示与过去事实相反的情况,从句:If主语+had+done;主句:主语+should/ would/ could/ might+have done 3、表示对将来情况的主观推测,从句:①if+主语+were to do②if+主语+should+do ③if+主语+did(动词过去式)/were ;主句:主语+should /would/ could /might+do,另外要注意从句也可以省略if,把had,were,should提前。这句话的虚拟语气比较明显,if条件句使用了过去完成进行时和过去相反,没有倒装形式,学生容易看出。
6.【2016·浙江】15. Had the governments and scientists not worked together , AIDS-related deaths _______ since their highest in 2005.
A. had not fallen B. would not fall C. did not fall D. would not have fallen
【答案】D
考点:考查虚拟语气。
【名师点睛】if的虚拟语气非常重要,首先要熟悉基本用法:1、表示与现在事实相反的情况,从句:If主语+过去时(be动词用were);主句:主语+should/would/could/might+do: 2、表示与过去事实相反的情况,从句:If主语+had+done;主句:主语+should/ would/ could/ might+have done 3、表示对将来情况的主观推测,从句:①if+主语+were to do②if+主语+should+do ③if+主语+did(动词过去式)/were ;主句:主语+should /would/ could
/might+do,另外要注意从句也可以省略if,把had,were,should提前。这句话的虚拟语气比较明显,if条件句省略了if,将had提前,说明使用了过去完成进行时和过去相反,学生看出这点就容易做题了。
7.【2016·浙江】17. George _________ too far . His coffee is still warm .
A. must have gone B. might have gone C. can't have gone D. needn't have gone
【答案】C
【解析】
试题分析:乔治不可能走得太远了。他的咖啡仍然是温的。can’t have done是对过去的否定推测;must have done过去一定做了某事;might have done过去可能做了某事;needn’t have done过去本不必做某事。故选C。
考点:考查情态动词+have done。
【名师点睛】熟练掌握情态动词的用法,对准确理解语法填空、完形填空、阅读理解、听力理解中含有情态动词的句子是很有益处的,并且在写作中也可能会用到情态动词。因此,我们应当学好情态动词,尤其要掌握好常用情态动词的用法。情态动词+have done的用法:情态动词无论是表达“推测和可能性”,还是表达“虚拟”这一概念,只要是对过去已经发生的事情进行描述,一律用“情态动词+have done”这一结构;对现在或将来的事情进行描述,用“情态动词+动词或系动词原形”。注意不同的情态动词和have done搭配的含义。表示推测的can have done一般用于疑问和否定句中。
2015年高考题
1.【2015·北京】29.—Can’t you stay a little longer?
—It’s getting late. I really _____go now, My daughter is home alone.
A .may B .can C . must D .dare
【答案】C
【考点定位】考查情态动词辨析
【名师点睛】本题是考查情态动词,这里考查的是语气的强度,在这里结合语境是“一定”的意思,所以要做好此类辨析题需掌握情态动词选项的语气并结合语境。
2.【2015·北京】34. If I _____it with my own eyes ,I wouldn’t have believed it.
A . didn’t see B. weren’t seeing C. wouldn’t see D. hadn’t seen
【答案】D
【解析】
试题分析:句意:如果不是我亲眼看到,我不会相信。根据后半句wouldn’t have believed可以判断是对过去的虚拟。所以从句是if+主语+ had+done的形式。故选D。
【考点定位】虚拟语气
【名师点睛】条件句中有if引导时,首先要根据句意和句子结构判断是真实条件句还是虚拟条件句,如果符合虚拟的结构,就可以根据句子中的时间和语意判断应该用哪种虚拟语气。
3.【2015·重庆】7. Without his wartime experiences, Hemingway____ his famous novel A Farewell to Arms.
A. didn’t write B. hadn’t written
C. wouldn’t write D. wouldn’t have written
【答案】D
【考点定位】 考查虚拟语气
【名师点睛】虚拟语气是一种动词形式,表示说话人的一种愿望,假设,怀疑,猜测建议等含义,表示的含义不是客观存在的事实,此类的题目一般难度不大,主要找对时间状语,并且看分清时间状语与主句还是从句有关系,再来确定用对现在,过去还是将来的虚拟。
4.【2015·重庆】12. You ____ be Carol. You haven’t changed a bit after all these years.
A. must B. can C. will D. shall
【答案】A
【解析】
试题分析:句意:你肯定是卡罗,这些年你一点也没有变化。 must表示对现在的肯定推测。 故选A。
【考点定位】考查情态动词。
【名师点睛】must 表推测的用法 must 表示很有把握的推测,其意为“一定会”“肯定会”,只用于肯定句,一般不用于否定句或疑问句。表示对现在或未来的情况作推测,后接动词原形。You have worked hard all day. You must be tired 你辛苦一整天,一定累了(对现在情况的推测判断)I didn’t hear the phone. I must have be asleep. 我刚才没有听到电话,我想必是睡着了。
5.【2015·浙江】4. It was so noisy that we hear ourselves speak.
A. couldn’t B. shouldn’t C. mustn’t D needn’t
【答案】A
【解析】
试题分析:句意:太吵了,以致我们不能够听到我们在说什么?A的意思是不能,B的意思是不应该,C的意思是禁止,D的意思是不需要。该题用到了一个so +形容词+ that的句式,做题时应该正确理解句意及这个句式的用法。正确理解这是表达不能还是表达其他的东西。must只能用于肯定句,用于否定句表示禁止,这一点尤其要注意因为往往会出错。如果表示一种可能往往是can 的形式(过去时态使用could)
【考点定位】考查情态动词
【名师点睛】情态动词是一种本身有一定的词义,表示说话人的情绪、态度或语气的动词,但它不能单独作谓语,只能和其他动词一起构成谓语。情态动词是每年高考的热点也是难点,每年单项填空题必考一题。考点集中在:情态动词表示推测的基本用法及区别,情态动词否定式的用法辨析,“情态动词+have done”的用法区别等。
6.【2015·天津】7. I ______ have worried before I came to the new school, for my classmates here are very friendly to me.
A. mightn’t B. mustn’t C. needn’t D. couldn’t
【答案】C
【解析】
试题分析:句意:我来新学校之前本没有必要担心,因为在这里我的同学对我非常友好。needn’t have done本没有必要做某事,表示实际上已经做了某事。根据句意可知选C。
【考点定位】考查情态动词。
【名师点睛】本题考查情态动词。分析此题需抓住后句for my classmates here are very friendly to me.可知此处为本没有必要做某事,mightn’t也许不;mustn’t不允许;couldn’t不可能。再根据句意可以选出正确答案。
7.【2015·天津】13. I wish I ______ at my sister’s wedding last Tuesday, but I was on a business trip in New York then.
A. will be B. would be
C. have been D. had been
【答案】D
【考点定位】考查虚拟语气。
【名师点睛】本题考查wish引导的虚拟语气。由wish引起的表示愿望的虚拟语气:1.用wish表示对现在的愿望时,它所引起的宾语从句中谓语动词形式为:过去式(be动词用were)。2.用wish表示对将来的愿望时,它所引起的宾语从句中谓语动词形式为:would, could, might+ 动词原形。3.wish用于对过去的事实表示一种不可能实现的愿望时,宾语从句中的谓语动词形式为:had+动词过去分词或could, would + have +动词过去分词。分析此题需抓住时间状语last Tuesday,可以判断出此题wish用于对过去的事实表示一种不可能实现的愿望。
8.【2015·四川】2.You _____be careful with the camera. It costs!
A .must B. may C. can D. will
【答案】A
【解析】
试题分析:考查情态动词。根据下文的it costs可知,照相机很昂贵,故选择A,意为:你一定要非常小心对待照相机,它很昂贵。
【考点定位】考查情态动词
【名师点睛】考查情态动词的用法。情态动词是每年高考的热点也是难点,此题主要考查情态动词基本意义的辨析。因此考生需要熟知选项中每个选项的具体意义以及之间的用法区别,然后根据句意选择正确的选项。选项B意为可能;选项C意为能够、有时会;选项D意为会、愿意等。根据句意,是说话人提出的要求,故选择A,表示必须。
9.【2015·陕西】21. You feel all the training a waste of time, but I’m a hundred percent sure later you’ll be grateful you did it.
A. should B. need C. shall D. may
【答案】D
【考点定位】考查情态动词
【名师点睛】情态动词主要考查句意和说话人的语气的强弱,同样是“可能”can表示“客观上可能”,may/might表示“不太确定的可能”,should“按道理”应该。弄清它们的区别再结合上下文语境就不难理解了。
10.【2015·陕西】23. Ellen is a fantastic dancer. I wish I as well as her.
A. dance B. will dance C. had danced D. danced
【答案】C
【解析】
试题分析:句意:Ellen是一个很棒的舞蹈演员。但愿我能和她跳得一样好。I wish“但愿”后面接宾语从句用虚拟语气,和现在相反用一般过去时,所以选C。
【考点定位】考查虚拟语气
【名师点睛】虚拟语气表示一些事与愿违或和事实不符的情况。有一些规则要记忆,如一些固定句型,还有要记住这些句型中动词的形式。I wish“但愿”后面接宾语从句用虚拟语气,和现在相反用一般过去时,和过去相反用过去完成时,和将来相反用could/would do sth。
11.【2015·福建】27.—Sorry, Mum! I failed the job interview again.
—Oh, it's too bad. You have made full preparations.
A. must B. can C. would D. should
【答案】D.
【考点定位】考查考查情态动词+have done结构
【名师点睛】情态动词是一种本身有一定的词义,表示说话人的情绪、态度或语气的动词,但它不能单独作谓语,只能和其他动词一起构成谓语。情态动词是每年高考的热点也是难点,每年单项填空题必考一题。考点集中在:情态动词表示推测的基本用法及区别,情态动词否定式的用法辨析,“情态动词+have done”的用法区别等。
12.【2015·江苏】28. It might have saved me some trouble ______ the schedule.
A. did I know B. have I known C. do I know D. had I known
【答案】D
【解析】
试题分析:句意:如果我早知道日程安排,可能会省去我一些麻烦。根据题干中might have saved可知主句是对过去的虚拟,从句应用if I had known与主句保持一致。if虚拟条件句中含有had时,可将if省去,同时将had提前构成倒装结构。故选D项。虚拟语气重要做题原则:根据题干中主句或从句中动词形式判断所考查的动词的虚拟时间, 一般要保持一致,但要注意错综时间虚拟语气要根据各自所表示的虚拟时间做出调整。另外,当 if 条件句中含有助动词 had,should 或 were 时, 可以省略 if,而将 had, should 或 were提到句首,从而构成倒装虚拟条件句。
【考点定位】虚拟语气
【名师点睛】虚拟语气重要做题原则:根据题干中主句或从句中动词形式判断所考查的动词的虚拟时间, 一般要保持一致,但要注意错综时间虚拟语气要根据各自所表示的虚拟时间做出调整。另外,当 if 条件句中含有助动词 had,should 或 were 时, 可以省略 if,而将 had, should 或 were提到句首,从而构成倒装虚拟条件句。
13.【2015·安徽】32.It is lucky we booked a room, or we ______nowhere to stay now.
A. had B. had had C. would have D. would have had
【答案】C
【考点定位】考查虚拟语气
【名师点睛】本题考查含蓄虚拟语气和错综时间虚拟语气。比较常见的是if引导的虚拟条件句,由otherwise, or, without等引出的相反的情况被称为“含蓄虚拟语气”。or引出相反的情况,对过去虚拟,主句用would+have done,但是主句中有“now”,表示与现在相反,因此用would+动词原形。
2014年高考英语分项解析精编版
专题06情态动词和虚拟语气
1.【2014·全国大纲卷】30.Although you ______ find bargains in London, its not generally a cheap place to shop.
A. should B. need C. must D. can
【答案】D
【解析】
试题分析:考查情态动词的用法。句意:尽管你能在伦敦找到便宜货,但是一般不是购物便宜的地方。此处can意为:能。根据句意选D。
考点:考查情态动词的用法。
【名师点睛】考查情态动词的用法。情态动词是每年高考的热点与难点,此题主要考查情态动词基本意义的辨析,属于比较简单的考查内容。考生需要熟知选项中每个选项的具体意义以及之间的用法区别,然后根据句意选择正确的选项。根据句意,是说话人对于可能性的描述,故选择D,表示能。
2.【2014·重庆卷】3. I’ve ordered some pizza, so we _______ worry about cooking when we get home tired.
A. can’t B. dare not C. needn’t D. may not
【答案】C
【解析】
试题分析:因为买了比萨饼,无需担心回家后疲劳还要做饭。故选择C项。needn’t意为“无必要”。can’t表示“无能力”;dare not表示“无勇气”;may not表示“推断”。
考点:考查情态动词的基本用法。
【名师点睛】本题考查情态动词。分析此题需抓住前句I’ve ordered some pizza.我已经预定了披萨饼,可知后面为不需要做某事,needn’t意为“无必要做某事”。can’t表示“无能力做某事”;dare not表示“无勇气、不敢做某事”;may not表示“推断”。再根据句意可以选出正确答案。
3.【2014·重庆卷】10. --- I spent two weeks in London last summer.
--- Then you must have visited the British Museum during your stay, _______ you?
A. mustn’t B. haven’t C. didn’t D. hadn’t
【答案】C
考点:考查情态动词的推断用法。
【名师点睛】本题考查特殊反义疑问句。A、B选项都是干扰选项,考生要注意调动知识储存来判断,没有A这种反问形式。这里结合情态动词考查反义疑问句,有两点注意:1、陈述部分有must 的疑问句,疑问部分根据实际情况而定。如:He must be a doctor, isn't he? /You must have studied English for three years, haven't you? didn't you?/He must have finished it yesterday, didn't he? 2、 带情态动词dare或need的反意疑问句,疑问部分常用 need (dare ) +主语。如:We need not do it again, need we ?/He dare not say so, dare you?当dare, need 为实义动词时,疑问部分用助动词do + 主语。如:She doesn't dare to go home alone, does she?根据第一个知识点可以选出正确答案。
4.【2014·重庆卷】13. It was John who broke the window. Why are you talking to me as if I _______ it?
A. had done B. have done C. did D. am doing
【答案】A
【解析】
试题分析:题意:John打坏了窗户,为什么跟“我”谈话?好像是“我”打坏了窗户似的。题中broke表明“打坏窗户”发生在“过去”。as if / though后面的从句用had done表示对“过去”的虚拟。故A项正确。
考点:考查虚拟语气的用法。
【名师点睛】本题考查含蓄虚拟语气。比较常见的是if引导的虚拟条件句,由otherwise, or, without等引出的相反的情况被称为“含蓄虚拟语气”。本题是As if引出虚拟的情况,“好像是我把窗户打碎了一样”,这是对过去虚拟,主句用had done,A选项正确。
5.【2014·北京卷】34. We __________ back in the hotel now if you didn’t lose the map.
A. are B. were
C. will be D. would be
【答案】D
考点:考查虚拟语气的用法
【名师点睛】错综时间虚拟语气做题原则:根据题干中主句或从句中动词形式判断所考查的动词的虚拟时间, 一般要保持一致,但要注意错综时间虚拟语气要根据各自所表示的虚拟时间做出调整。本题中有关键词now,可以知道是说话人现在在表达责备意思,丢失地图在过去发生,对现在情况的推测要用would do/be形式。
6.【2014·北京卷】_______ I have a word with you? It won’t take long.
A. Can B. Must
C. Shall D. Should
【答案】A.
【解析】
试题分析:本题考查情态动词,考查方式为情态动词词义辨析。句意:我能和你谈话吗?不会很长时间的。根据上下文可知,说话人在请求听话人允许不长时间的一个交谈,所以选择表示“能不能或可以不可以”的A
考点:考查情态动词的用法。
【名师点睛】本题考查情态动词。与2015年北京卷29题相似Can’t you stay a little
longer? —It’s getting late. I really __must___go now, My daughter is home alone.也是类似题型。这里考查的是语气的强度,结合语境是能不能或可以不可以的意思,所以要做好此类辨析题需掌握情态动词选项的语气并结合语境。考生要持续关注情态动词这一考点。
7.【2014·江西卷】30. Life is unpredictable; even the poorest __become the richest.
A. shall B. must C. need D. might
【答案】D
【解析】
试题分析: 根据句子意思,后句讲的是一种可能性。Need 需要;must 一定;shall 表较大的可能性,如:With an early start he should be here by noon. 动身得早,他中午就该到这里了。shall表示推断时,语气较肯定,通常是指非常可能的事(因为暗示有一定的事实依据或合乎常理),而may, might, could等表示推测时,则语气较不肯定,尤其是might, could。 因此D选项正确。句意为“ 人生是不可预测的;甚至最穷的也可能变得最有钱。”
考点:考查情态动词的用法
【名师点睛】在本题中,情态动词主要考查句意和说话人语气的强弱。首先排除B、C项。B过于肯定,C与题意不符。同样是“可能” shall表示说话者的意图、告诫、威胁、命令、决心等应该;必须;一定会。may/might表示“不太确定的可能”。弄清它们的区别再结合上下文语境就不难理解了。
8.【2014·四川卷】6. I still remember my happy childhood when my mother ______ take me to Disneyland at weekends.
A. might B. must C. would D. should
【答案】C
考点:考查情态动词和虚拟语气。
【名师点睛】
考查情态动词的用法。每年高考几乎都会考查情态动词,此题主要考查情态动词基本意义的辨析。因此考生需要熟知选项中每个选项的具体意义以及之间的用法区别,然后根据句意选择正确的选项。Would可以表示“过去常常”,强调过去经常发生的事情。根据句意,是妈妈经常带我去迪士尼,故选择C。
9.【2014·福建卷】32. no modern telecommunications, we would have to wait for weeks to get news from around the world.
A. Were there B. Had there been C .If there are D. If there have been
【答案】A
【解析】
试题分析:对现在情况的虚拟,条件句中用一般过去时,主句用“ would/ should/ might/ could +动词原形。虚拟条件句中有had, should, were时,可以将if去掉,然后把had, should, were提到主语前面。所以选A。句意:如果没有现代的通信,我们将会等上几周的时间才能得到来自世界的新闻。
【知识拓展】
虚拟条件句的基本类型与结构。一、与现在事实相反。若与现在事实相反,虚拟语气的条件从句的谓语用过去式(be通常用were),主句谓语用“should (would, could, might)+动词原形”。二、与过去事实相反。若与过去事实相反,虚拟语气的条件从句的谓语用过去完成时(had+过去分词),主句谓语用“should (would, could, might)+have+过去分词”。三、与将来事实相反。若与将来事实相反,条件从句的谓语用过去式(be通常用were),主句谓语用“should (would, could, might)+动词原形”。
考点:考查虚拟条件句。
【名师点睛】考查倒装虚拟条件句。遇到此类题目,采取还原句子的方式解题。原句是If there were no modern telecommunications, we would have to wait for weeks to get news from around the world,倒装的步骤如下:当 if 条件句中含有助动词 had,should 或 were 时, 可以省略 if,而将 had, should 或 were提到句首,从而构成倒装虚拟条件句。
10.【2014·江苏卷】31. It was sad to me that they, so poor themselves, ________ bring me food.
A. might B. would C. should D. could
【答案】C
考点:考查情态动词用法
【名师点睛】考查情态动词的常规用法。情态动词是一种本身有一定的词义,表示说话人的情绪、态度或语气的动词,但它不能单独作谓语,只能和其他动词一起构成谓语。本题表达的就是说话人的惊奇的语气。考试考点集中在:情态动词表示推测的基本用法及区别,情态动词否定式的用法辨析,“情态动词+have done”的用法区别等。
11.【2014·陕西卷】25. My book, The House of Hales, is missing. Who ________ have taken it?
A. need B. must C. should D. could
【答案】D
【解析】试题分析:考查情态动词辨析及语境理解。Need用在情态动词,只用在否定句和疑问句中,“必要”;must“必须”,表示肯定推测,用在肯定句中;should“应该、竟然”;could“能够、可能”。题干中的说话人书丢了,应该是猜测可能是谁拿走了,故选D。
考点:考查情态动词辨析及语境理解。
【名师点睛】考查情态动词在语境中的辨析。本题与2014年江苏卷31题相似,It was sad to me that they, so poor themselves, should bring me food. 本题表达的是肯定语气,江苏卷是惊奇的语气。这里考查的是语气的强度,在这里结合语境是“可能”的意思,所以要做好此类辨析题需掌握情态动词选项的语气并结合语境。
12.【2014·安徽卷】30.People are recycling many things which they away in the past.
A. had thrown B. will be throwing
C. were throwing D. would have thrown
【答案】D
【知识拓展】
考点:考查含蓄虚拟语气
所谓含蓄条件句就是利用语境不直接说出条件的句子。这种句子可以分为两类:一种是广义的含蓄条件句,另一种是狭义的含蓄条件句。1. 广义含蓄指的是不用连词 if 或 unless 介绍条件,而是改用其他方式。实上这些表达方式也是同样是条件状语。(1)用介词引入条件: * but for(如不是, 如没有):注意,凡是出现这个复合介词的句子,必须要用虚拟语气, * without/with (在不具备/具备…的条件下), * under (在…条件下)(2)分词短语充当条件(分词短语本身就具有充当条件状语的功能),(3)表示不具备条件的连词连词:but,but that,or或otherwise,2. 狭义含蓄指的是不用任何语言方式显示条件,而是把条件隐藏在具体的原环境中,(1)用上下文暗示条件,(2)用委婉语气暗示条件,(3)用表示愿望的语气暗示条件。
【名师点睛】本题考查的是含蓄虚拟语气从句。考生要善于分析句意,首先要根据句意和句子结构判断是真实条件句还是虚拟条件句,如果符合虚拟的结构,就可以根据句子中的语意和时间判断应该用哪种虚拟语气。结尾的in the past暗示了是对过去的虚拟,所以要用would+ have done形式。
13.【2014·湖南卷】If Mr. Dewey _____ present, he would have offered any possible assistance to
the people there.
A. were B. had been G. should be D. was
【答案】B
【解析】
试题分析:考查虚拟语气用法。本题考查的是if条件从句与过去事实相反的虚拟语气,故从句用had + v-ed,主句用would / could/ should / might + v-ed。句意:如果Dewey先生在场的话,他会提供那里人们的任何可能的帮助。故B正确。
考点:考查动虚拟语气用法
【知识拓展】
1. 表示与现在事实相反或不可能发生:条件状语从句:一般过去时(虚拟语气中be→were)主句用:would(should, could, might)+动词原形。
If we had time now, we would read it again.
If I were you, I would work hard.
2. 表示与过去事实相反或不可能发生:条件状语从句:had+过去分词;主句:would(should, could, might)+have+过去分词。
If I had known your telephone number then, I would have called you.
3. 表示与将来的事实可能相反或不可能发生:条件状语从句:①一般过去时②should +动词原形③were to+动词原形;主句:would(should, could, might)+动词原形。
If it should rain, the crops would be saved.
【名师点睛】本句的关键在后半句“he would have offered any possible assistance”,根据主句的时态我们可以推断出从句的形式,虚拟语气的规则是:表示与过去事实相反或不可能发生:条件状语从句:had+过去分词;主句:would(should, could, might)+have+过去分词。所以不难选出正确答案。
14.【2014·湖南卷】25. — I’ve prepared all kinds of food for the picnic.
—Do you mean we_____ bring anything with us?
A. can’t B. mustn’t C. shan’t D. needn't
【答案】D
考点:考查情态动词用法
【名师点睛】本题和2015年天津卷第7题类似I need not have worried before I came to the new school, for my classmates here are very friendly to me. 本题考查情态动词。分析此题需抓住前句I’ve prepared all kinds of food for the picnic.我已经准备好了野餐的食物了,可知此处为没有必要做某事,A. can’t不能够;B. mustn’t不许,不可以;C. shan’t将不;D. needn't不必。再根据句意可以选出正确答案。
15.【2014·浙江卷】16. They were abroad during the months when we were carrying out the investigation, or they _____ to our help.
A. would have come B. could come C. have come D. had come
【答案】A
【解析】试题分析:这里when引导的是定语从句,修饰前面的名词months;根据谓语动词were可知事情发生过去,or后是对过去的虚拟,所以应该用would have done,故选A。句意:在我们进行调查期间他们在国外,要不然的话他们就来帮忙。
考点:考查虚拟语气。
【名师点睛】本题与2015年安徽卷第32题类似.It is lucky we booked a room, or we would have nowhere to stay now. 本题考查含蓄虚拟语气和错综时间虚拟语气。常见的是if引导的虚拟条件句,由otherwise, or, without等引出的相反的情况被称为“含蓄虚拟语气”。or引出相反的情况,对过去虚拟,主句用would+have done,表示与过去相反,不难选出正确答案。
2013年高考英语试题分类汇编之单项填空
1.【2013浙江】I ________ myself more—it was a perfect day.
A. shouldn’t have enjoyed B. needn’t have enjoyed
C. wouldn’t have enjoyed D. couldn’t have enjoyed
【答案】D
【名师点睛】情态动词+have done的用法:情态动词无论是表达“推测和可能性”,还是表达“虚拟”这一概念,只要是对过去已经发生的事情进行描述,一律用“情态动词+have done”这一结构;对现在或将来的事情进行描述,用“情态动词+动词或系动词原形”。注意不同的情态动词和have done搭配的含义。否定的推测一般使用couldn’t have done。
2.[2013·陕西卷]The children lost in the woods; otherwise, they would have been at the lakeside camp as scheduled.
A. must have got B. must get C. should have got D. should get
【答案】A
【解析】考查虚拟语气。由otherwise后的would have
been可知时对过去情况的推测。而此处情态动词表示猜测,意思是:一定,肯定,用must;表示对过去发生的动作的猜测,其形式是must +have done,故选A。句意是:孩子们一定是在树林里迷路了,否则他们会按计划到达湖边的营地。
【名师点睛】情态动词+have done可以表示推测和虚拟:“must+have+done”表示对过去事情的肯定推测,译成“一定做过某事”,该结构只用于肯定句。“can't+have+done”表示对过去事情的否定推测,译成“不可能做过某事”。 “may+have+done”表示对发生过的事情的推测,意思是“可能已经”或“也许已经”,用于肯定句中。 “could+have+done”是虚拟语气,表示对过去事情的假设,意思是本来能够做某事而没有做。 “would+have+done”虚拟语气,表示对过去事情的假设,意思是“本来会做”。
3.[2013·重庆卷] —It rained cats and dogs this morning.I'm glad we took an umbrella.
—Yeah, we would have got wet all over if we ________.
A.hadn't B.haven't C.didn't D.don't
【答案】A
【名师点睛】if的虚拟语气非常重要,简要概括如下:1、表示与现在事实相反的情况,从句:If主语+过去时(Be动词用were);主句:主语+should/would/could/might+do: 2、表示与过去事实相反的情况,从句:If主语+had+done;主句:主语+should/would/could/might+have done 3、表示对将来情况的主观推测,从句:①if+主语+were to do②if+主语+should+do ③if+主语+did(动词过去式)/were ;主句:主语+should/would/could/might+do。
4.[2013·重庆卷] —What are you doing this Saturday?
—I'm not sure, but I ________ go to the Rolling Stones concert.
A.must B.would C.should D.might
【答案】D
【解析】考查情态动词。由前面的I'm not sure 可知是不太确定,因此用might表示有可能。
【名师点睛】情态动词是高考中的必考内容,也是教学的难点。因为相似的情态动词容易混淆,导致学生掌握起来较难。掌握情态动词的用法关键把握以下几点:1.熟记情态动词的用法;2.理解句意结合说话人语气解题。may,might表示没有把握的推测,这句话的I'm not sure可以表明说话人的语气。
5. [2013·天津卷] No one ________ be more generous; he has a heart of gold.
A. could B. must C.dare D.need
【答案】A
【解析】考查情态动词。后句说他有一颗金子般的心,前句表达的是“没人比他更慷慨”;此句是“否定词+形容词的比较级”相当于形容词的最高级。句意:没人比他更慷慨了;他有一颗金子般的心。
【名师点睛】掌握情态动词的用法关键把握以下几点:1.熟记情态动词的用法;2.理解句意结合说话人语气解题。这里考查can,could的固定搭配“can’t/couldn’t+形容词的比较级”相当于形容词的最高级的用法。
6. [2013·课标全国卷Ⅱ] Since nobody gave him any help, he ________ have done the research on his own.
A. can B. must C. would D. need
【答案】B
【名师点睛】情态动词+完成式要注意把握时间概念。情态动词无论是表达“推测和可能性”,还是表达“虚拟”这一概念,只要是对过去已经发生的事情进行描述,一律用“情态动词+have done”这一结构。肯定推测用must have done,否定推测用can’t/couldn’t have done.
7. [2013·江西卷] 29 When I was a child, I ________ watch TV whenever I wanted to.
A. should B. could C. must D. need
【答案】B
【解析】考查情态动词的用法。句意:当我还是孩子时,我想看电视时就可以看。should意为“应该,将会”;could意为“可以,能够”,符合语境;must意为“必须,应该,一定”;need意为“需要,必须”。
【名师点睛】情态动词是高考中的必考内容。相似的情态动词容易混淆,学生掌握起来较难。掌握情态动词的用法关键把握以下几点:1.熟记情态动词的用法;2.理解句意结合说话人语气解题。这里考查的can,could的基本用法“能够”。
8.[2013·四川卷] —Why are your eyes so red? You ________ have slept well last night.
—Yeah, I stayed up late writing a report.
A. can't B. mustn't C. needn't D. won't
【答案】A
【解析】考查情态动词。can't+have done对过去发生的事的否定推测。句意:——为什么你的眼睛那么红?你昨晚可能睡得不好。——是啊,我熬夜写报告。
【名师点睛】情态动词和完成时搭配既可以表示推测又可以表示虚拟,容易混淆,导致学生掌握起来较难。做题时首先根据情景判断是哪一种,这句话是推测的含义。推测的否定形式,疑问形式用can't, couldn't表示。
9.[2013·湖南卷] He ________ sleep, although he tried to, when he got on such a hunt for an idea until he had caught it.
A. wouldn't B. shouldn't C. couldn't D. mustn't
【答案】C
【解析】考查情态动词辨析。句意:尽管他想睡,但是却睡不着,当时他一直在拼命想着一件事,一直到想清楚为止。此处couldn't意为 “不能”,符合题意。
【名师点睛】情态动词是高考中的常考点。相似的情态动词容易混淆,学生掌握起来较难。掌握情态动词的用法关键把握以下几点:1.熟记情态动词的用法;2.理解句意结合说话人语气解题。这里考查的是情态动词的否定的含义。couldn't “不能”。
10. [2013·江苏] I should not have laughed if I ________ you were serious.
A.thought B.would think C.had thought D.have thought
【答案】C
【名师点睛】在含有虚拟条件句的复合句中,主句和从句的谓语都要用虚拟语气。首先要记住虚拟条件从句和主句的动词形式,在做题的时候分清是和现在,过去还是将来相反的情况,分别用不同的动词时态。
11. [2013·福建卷] 30—Do you think George has passed the driving test?
—No. If so, he ________his car to our college yesterday.
A. would drive B. drove C. would have driven D. had driven
【答案】C
【解析】考查虚拟语气的用法。 根据答语可知,乔治没有通过驾考。 “如果通过了……”是与过去事实相反,所以主句动词应用“would + 动词完成时”。句意为:——你认为乔治已经通过驾照考试了吗?——我认为没有。如果他通过了,他昨天就会开车来我们大学。
【名师点睛】虚拟条件句可以单独作为一个语法项目,因为它涉及不同的时间,导致学生掌握起来较难。掌握虚拟条件句的用法关键把握以下几点:1.理解句意;2.判断句意是事实还是虚拟;3.结合不同时间的虚拟条件句和主句的形式答题。
12. [2013·北京卷] If we ________ a table earlier, we wouldn't be standing here in a queue.
A. have booked B. booked C. book D. had booked
【答案】D
【解析】考查虚拟语气。条件句“如果我们早订了桌子”是对过去的假设,所以用过去完成时的形式,选D。
【名师点睛】虚拟语气是高考中的必考内容,也是教学的难点。有时条件从句中的动作和主句中的动作发生的时间不一致(表示错综时间的虚拟语气),这时动词的形式要根据它所表示的时间加以调整。
13. [2013·北京卷] 35—You needn't take an umbrella. It isn't going to rain.
—Well, I don't know. It ________do.
A. might B. need C. would D. should
【答案】A
【解析】考查情态动词。对于下雨与否不知道,所以选用语气最弱的情态动词might,仅仅表示非常不肯定的猜测。
【名师点睛】情态动词是高考中的必考内容,也是教学的难点。因为相似的情态动词容易混淆,导致学生掌握起来较难。掌握情态动词的用法关键把握以下几点:1.熟记情态动词的用法;2.理解句意结合说话人语气解题。may,might表示没有把握的推测,这句话的I don't know.可以表明说话人的语气。
14. [2013·安徽卷] It ________ be the vocabulary that caused you the problem in the exercise because you know a lot of words.
A.may B.couldn't C.should D.needn't
【答案】B
【名师点睛】情态动词是高考中的常考点。相似的情态动词容易混淆,学生掌握起来较难。掌握情态动词的用法关键把握以下几点:1.熟记情态动词的用法;2.理解句意结合说话人语气解题。这里考查的是情态动词的否定推测的含义。couldn't “不可能”。
15. [2013·安徽卷] I ________ to my cousin's birthday party last night, but I was not available.
A.went B.had gone C.would go D.would have gone
【答案】D
【解析】考查虚拟语气。前一分句使用了含蓄条件虚拟语气,表示与过去事实相反的假设,主句应该用would have done结构。完整表达是:I would have gone to my cousin's birthday party last night if I had been available。
【名师点睛】情态动词的完成式是高中阶段的重难点之一,需要考生熟记它们的用法,有的虚拟语气是隐含在句中,要学会辨别。这题可以根据but I was not available.这个事实,判断前面的句子是与事实不符的,用虚拟语气。
16. [2013·辽宁卷] Harry is feeling uncomfortable.He ________ too much at he party last night.
A.could drink B.should drink C.would have drunk D.must have drunk
【答案】D
【解析】考查情态动词。 must have done表示对过去肯定推测,句意“他昨晚在派对上一定喝多了”。
【名师点睛】情态动词表推测注意以下解题步骤:认真审题,结合所给出的语境,正确把握说话者的语气、情感、态度、观点等。认真思考所给选项中情态动词的基本特征和用法,并结合语境推敲答案。要注意把握时间概念。
17. [2013·天津卷] If he had spent more time practising speaking English before, he ________ able to speak it much better now.
A. will be B. would be C.has been D.would have been
【答案】B
【名师点睛】虚拟条件句可以单独作为一个语法项目,因为它涉及不同的时间,导致学生掌握起来较难。掌握虚拟条件句的用法关键把握以下几点:1.理解句意;2.判断句意是事实还是虚拟;3.结合不同时间的虚拟条件句和主句的形式答题。有时条件从句中的动作和主句中的动作发生的时间不一致(表示错综时间的虚拟语气),这时动词的形式要根据它所表示的时间加以调整。
18. [2013·新课标全国卷Ⅰ] The door________ open, no matter how hard she pushed.
A. shouldn't B. couldn't C. wouldn't D. mightn't
【答案】C
【解析】本题考查情态动词的用法。此处would not用来表达:即使某人努力让某事发生,某事就是不发生。即为“偏不”的意思。故C正确。句意:无论她怎么用力推,门就是打不开。
【名师点睛】情态动词的考查几乎每年都有一两道题。一般情况下,试题会给一个特定的情景,要求学生在理解句意和情景的情况下做题。考查要点主要包括: 1、弄清情态动词的基本特点;2、区别相似情态动词的不同;3、做题时要结合句意和情景;4、说话人的语气强弱也要考虑。will ,would可以表示习惯性的动作,有“总是”、“惯于”的含义。
19. [2013·陕西卷]My mom suggests that we eat out for a change this weekend.
A. should B. might C. could D. Would
【答案】A
【解析】考查虚拟语气。题干中主句的谓语动词是suggest,其后跟宾语从句时用虚拟语气,即从句谓语动词用should+动词原形,should可以省略,故选A。句意:我妈妈建议说本周末改变一下,我们出去吃饭。
【名师点睛】英语中表示“要求”的词,require, ask ,tell, demand;表示“建议”的词,suggest, recommend, advice;表示“命令”的词,order,command ;表示“坚持”的词,insist。他们后面接 should+动词原形的虚拟语气。should可以省略。如果是这些词的名词,后面的同位语从句和表语从句都是用虚拟语气。
20.【2013浙江】Eye doctors recommend that a child’s first eye exam ______ at the age of six months old.
A. was B. be C. were D. is
【答案】B
【名师点睛】英语中有4——四个表示“要求”的词,require, ask ,tell, demand;3——三个表示“建议”的词,suggest, recommend, advice;2——两个表示“命令”的词,order,command ; 1——一个表示“坚持”的词,insist。他们后面接 should+动词原形 的虚拟语气。should可以省略。