2016-2018三年高考英语分项解析--非谓语动词
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‎2018年高考题 ‎1.【2018·北京】3. _________ along the old Silk Road is an interesting and rewarding experience A. Travel B. Traveling C. Having traveled D. Traveled ‎【答案】B ‎【解析】考查动名词。句意:沿着丝绸之路旅行是一次既有趣又有益的经历。“____ along the old Silk Road”做主语,要用动名词,故B选项正确。‎ 点睛:动名词是动词-ing形式的一种,兼有动词和名词特征。在句子中可以作主语、宾语、表语、定语。‎ ‎2.【2018·北京】6. During the Mid-Autumn Festival, family members often gather together _________ a meal, admire the moon and enjoy moon cakes.‎ A. share B. to share C. having shared D. shared ‎【答案】B 点睛:动词不定式可以做主语,状语,定语,宾语,表语等。动词不定式做目的状语时,可以置于主句之前也可以置于主句之后,通常译为“为了”。‎ ‎3.【2018·北京】10. Ordinary soap, _________ correctly, can deal with bacteria effectively.‎ A. used B. to use C. using D. use ‎【答案】A ‎【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意:如果正确使用的话,普通的肥皂可以有效地处理细菌。Ordinary soap can deal with bacterial effectively是主句,_________ correctly是条件状语,修饰ordinary soap,ordinary soap和use之间是被动关系,故要用过去分词,A选项正确。‎ 点睛:过去分词所表示的一个含义就是“被动”。‎ ‎4.【2018·天津】12. I didn't mean ___________anything but the ice cream looked so good that I couldn’t help_______ it.‎ A. to eat;to try B. eating;trying C. eating;to try D. to eat; trying ‎【答案】D ‎【解析】考查短语固定搭配。句意:我不打算吃任何东西,但冰淇淋看起来如此的好以至于我忍不住的要试一试。固定短语短语mean to do(打算做),couldn’t help doing忍不住做。故选D。‎ 点睛:本题考查动词短语固定搭配。同学在平时学习中要多把握动词不同搭配的不同含义,本题需要区分“mean to do打算做”与“mean doing意味着做”和“can’t help to do sth.不能帮助做”与“couldn’t help doing忍不住做”之间的含义。‎ ‎5.【2018·天津】7. I need a new passport so I will have to have my photographs___________.‎ A. taking B. taken C. being taken D. take ‎【答案】B ‎【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意:我需要一个新护照,所以我将不得不拍照片。本题考查非谓语动词作宾语补足语,宾语my photograph与补足语之间为被动关系,故用过去分词作宾语补足语。C项表示正在进行。故选B。‎ 点睛:本题考查的非谓语动词为高中重点语法之一。在分析题目的时候,首先要抓住非谓语动词在句中所作的成分,找出该非谓语动词所对应的逻辑主语,再分析二者之间的关系,最后根据句意选择正确的答案。‎ ‎6.【2018·江苏】26. Around 13,500 new jobs were created during the period, _______ the expected number of 12,000 held by market analysts.‎ A. having exceeded B. to exceed C. exceeded D. exceeding ‎【答案】D ‎【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意:在这期间,大约创造13,500个新的工作,超过市场分析师持有的12,000的预期数量。分析全句可知,这里指前一件事情所带来自然而然的结果,故用现在分词作结果状语。故选D。‎ 点睛:本题考查非谓语动词。非谓语动词主要有动词不定式、现在分词和过去分词形式。‎ having exceeded强调时间先后,指的是此动作发生在谓语动词create的动作之前;to exceed表示将要超出;exceeded过去分词表示被动。分析句意可知,这里用现在分词作结果状语。‎ ‎2017年高考题 ‎【2017·天津卷】14. The hospital has recently obtained new medical equipment, _____ more patients to be treated.‎ ‎ A. being allowed B. allowing C. having allowed D. allowed ‎【答案】B ‎【解析】‎ 试题分析:句意:近期这个医院购进了新的医疗设备,允许更多的病人被治疗。前句购进医疗设备和后面允许更多的病人被治疗之间是必然的结果关系,用doing即现在分词作结果状语,表示顺理成章的结果。A. being allowed 表示被动且正在进行 C. having allowed 强调先于谓语动词发生 D. allowed 表示被动且完成,故选B。‎ 考点:考查非谓语。‎ ‎【名师点睛】判断非谓语动词的形式的第一步是分析句子成分,看是用谓语动词还是非谓语动词,确定了是非谓语动词,还要判断非谓语动词的成分,和这个动词和逻辑主语的关系。‎ ‎【2017·天津】10. I was watching the clock all through the meeting, as I had a train ______.‎ A. catching B. caught C. to catch D. to be caught ‎【答案】C 考点:考查非谓语。‎ ‎【名师点睛】本句考查的是have的符合结构:have+ 宾语 + 非谓语,既是重点又是难点。对于have的符合结构,非谓语用什么形式,首先确定have的词义,是“有”还是“让”,have(有)+ sth to do sth (由主语完成);have(让) + 宾语 + do / doing / done (用哪种形式需要具体分析),所以要正确理解句意和本结构的具体用法,灵活掌握才能把题作对。‎ ‎【2017·江苏卷】21. Many Chinese brands, _______ their reputations over ‎ centuries, are facing new challenges from the modern market.‎ A. having developed B. being developed C. developed D. developing ‎【答案】A ‎【解析】‎ 试题分析:考查非谓语动词。brands是逻辑主语,和develop是主谓关系,所以用现在分词,表示伴随状 况;再根据“over centuries”可知,应该使用现在分词的完成式,故选A。句意:许多中国品牌,享誉数百 年,现在正面临着来自现代市场的新挑战。‎ ‎【名师点睛】‎ 现在分词作状语,表示主动和伴随状况;与逻辑主语是主谓关系,或叫主动关系,即现在分词表示的动作 是逻辑主语发出的。现在分词的形式有一般式doing/being done,完成式having done/having been done。‎ 当现在分词表示的动作和主句谓语表示的动作先后发生时,使用现在分词的完成式。‎ e. g. Having watered the vegetables, the farmer took a short rest.‎ ‎ Having seen the film twice, he didn’t want to go to the cinema with his wife.‎ ‎ Having done his homework , the boy began to watch TV.‎ ‎ I didn’t feel surprised, having expected all this.‎ ‎ Not having done it right, I tried again.‎ 现在分词作状语,可以转换为一个状语从句。‎ 1) 表示时间时,相当于after, before, when , while等引导的状语从句,现在分词动作发生在主句动作之前或与主句动作同时发生。‎ Stepping carelessly off the pavement, he was knocked down by the bus.(发生在主句动作之前)‎ Arriving at the station , he found the train had gone.(之前)‎ He went out , shutting the door behind him.(之后)‎ Walking through the park, she saw a flower show .(同时)‎ Talking a key out of his pocket , he open the door .(一个简短动作一发生,另一个动作紧跟着发生)之前。‎ Hearing the news , they all jumped with joy.‎ Be careful when crossing the street. ‎ While waiting for the train, I had a long talk with Jane.‎ Her husband died in 1999, leaving her with two children . ‎ Lying under the apple tree, Newton was thinking and thinking .‎ Thinking she must be late, Miss Smith decided to take a taxi.‎ There are a number of students waiting to be examined.‎ He refused the offer , saying that this would be too expensive.‎ The man feel and slipped, getting off the bus.某一动作进行时,发生了另一个短暂动作或结果。‎ 1) 原因(句首)‎ Being short of money, I applied for the job.‎ Not seeing John, I can’t tell you what he looks like.‎ 2) 方式,伴随 Singing a pop song in a low voice, he came into the yard.‎ He stood by the window, watching the children playing.‎ She stopped as if expecting him to speak.‎ His parents arrived late for one day, leaving their children being hungry for a whole day.‎ 3) 结果(后置)‎ She fell, only striking her head against the rock. ‎ He spread a rumor, leading to a great confusion in class. ‎ It rained heavily causing severe flood in that region.‎ 4) 条件 If traveling north, I asked where he was.‎ 5) 让步 knowing all this, they still insisted on paying for the damage.‎ Many boys , having had few advantages in their youth, have yet great contribution to their country later.‎ Unless paying by credit card, he pays in cash.‎ Though understanding no English, he was able to communicate with them.‎ 考点:考查非谓语动词 ‎【2017·北京卷】27. Many airlines now allow passengers to print their boarding passes online ______ their valuable time. ‎ A. save B. saving ‎ C. to save D. saved ‎【答案】C 试题分析: 句意:许多航空公司现在允许乘客网上打印他们的登机牌来节省时间。此处是动词不定式表目的,故选C。‎ 考点:考查非谓语动词。‎ ‎【名师点睛】‎ 不定式的作用之状语 不定式作状语,表示目的、结果、原因等,有时还有一些固定搭配的不定式短语,如in order to , so as to, so…as to, such …as to, ….enough to, too…to等。‎ (1) 做目的状语,just to, only to (仅仅为了), in order to, so as to, so(such)….as to…(如此···以便···)如:‎ He ran so fast as to catch the first bus. 他飞快地跑以便赶上第一班车。‎ He came to the school to see his son.‎ (2) 作结果状语,表事先没有预料到的,要放在句子后面。如:‎ He hurried to the post office only to find it was closed.‎ He searched the room only to find nothing.‎ (3) 做原因状语。如:‎ We were very excited to hear the news.‎ I’m glad to see you.‎ (4) 做条件状语。如:‎ To turn to the left, you could find a post office.‎ ‎【2017·北京卷】30. The national park has a large collection of wildlife, _________ from butterflies to elephants. ‎ A. ranging B. range C. to range D. ranged ‎ ‎【答案】A 考点:考查非谓语动词。‎ ‎【名师点睛】‎ 现在分词和过去分词的区别:‎ 在语态上,现在分词表示主动意义,过去分词表示被动意义;‎ 在时间上,现在分词表示的动作往往正在进行或者与谓语动词同时发生,过去分词表示的动作已经完成或没有一定的时间性。‎ 如:falling leaves 正在下落的树叶 fallen leaves 已经落在地上的树叶 分词的作用 1、 作定语 (1) 单个分词作定语,分词前置。如:‎ The sleeping boy is my son.‎ The excited people rushed into the building.‎ (2) 分词短语作定语,分词后置;分词修饰不定代词something等要后置;个别分词如give,left等作定语也后置。如:‎ The girl standing under the tree is my niece.‎ The building built last year is our library.‎ (3) 过去分词作定语与其修饰的词是被动关系,相当于一个被动语态的定语从句。如:Most of the people invited to the party were famous scientists 2、 作状语 现在分词和过去分词在句中可以作时间、原因、方式、伴随、条件、结果等状语。‎ Not receiving any letter from him, I gave him a call.‎ As I didn’t receive any letter from him, I gave him a call.‎ Given more attention, the trees could have grown better.‎ If more attention was given, the trees could have grown better.(条件)‎ Walking along the street, I ran across my old friend.‎ Bitten by a snake, he was taken to hospital(原因).‎ Though defeated, he didn’t lose heart. (让步)‎ He lay on the grass, looking into the sky. (伴随)‎ He came running to tell me the good news. (方式)‎ ‎ 注意:‎ (1) 选择现在分词还是过去分词,关键看主句的主语。如分词的动作是由主句的主语发出,分词就用现在分词,反之就用过去分词。试比较:‎ ‎(Being)Used for a long time, the book looks old.由于用了很长时间,这本书看上去很旧。‎ Using the book, I find it useful.在使用的过程中,我发现这本书很有用。‎ (2) 分词作状语时,其逻辑主语必须和主句的主语一致,如果不一致,就用独立主格结构,即在分词前加上它的逻辑主语。现在分词的完成式主要用于作状语,一般不用作定语。‎ 1、 作表语 现在分词作表语多表示主语具有的特征,过去分词作表语多指主语所处的状态。如:‎ The film is touching.‎ The glass is broken.‎ 2、 作宾语补足语 分词和不定式一样,在一些感官动词或使役动词后作宾语补足语。如:‎ I smell something burning.‎ I heard him singing the song.‎ I heard my name called.‎ 3、 作插入语 其结构是固定的,意思上的主语并不是句子的主语。‎ generally speaking 一般说来 talking of (speaking of) 说到 strictly speaking 严格地说 judging from 从···判断 all things considered 从整体来看 taking all things into consideration 全面看来。如:‎ Judging from his face, he must be ill.从他的脸色看,他一定是病了。‎ Generally speaking, dogs can run faster than pigs.总的来说,狗比猪跑得快。‎ ‎【2017·北京卷】32. Jim has retired, but he still remember the happy time _______ with his students.‎ A. to spend B. spend C. spending D. spent ‎ ‎【答案】D 试题分析:句意:Jim已经退休了,但是他依然记得和学生一起度过的快乐时光。句子已经有了谓语,空格只能填非谓语动词,逻辑主语是time,和spend之间是被动关系,故用过去分词spent。‎ 考点:考查非谓语动词。‎ ‎2016年高考题 ‎1.【2016·北京】26. ________ it easier to get in touch with us, you’d better keep this card at hand.‎ A. Made B. Make C. Making D. To make ‎【答案】D 考点:考查不定式作目的状语 ‎【名师点睛】‎ 一、不定式的作用 1、 作主语:不定式作主语时,谓语用单数。往往用it 作形式主语,把不定式放在谓语后面。如:‎ It took us two hours to finish the job.‎ It is impossible for us to get there on time.‎ It is very kind of you to help us.‎ 注意:(1)其他系动词如look, appear等也可用于此句型。‎ ‎ (2)当不定式作主语的句子中又有一个不定式作表语时,不能用It is …to…的句型。试比较:‎ ‎ It is to negate my own idea to believe him.(错)‎ ‎ To believe him is to negate my own idea .(对) ‎ ‎(3)It is+ adj. of / for sb. to do sth. 结构中,当不定式的逻辑主语和前面的形容词可以构成系表结构时,用of, 否则用 for.‎ 2、 作宾语 ‎(1) 动词+不定式。如:‎ He managed to escape from the fire.‎ I find it hard to get along with him.(it 作形式宾语)‎ 注:下列动词通常用不定式作宾语:want, try, hope, wish, need, forget, know, promise, refuse, help, decide, begin, start, learn, agree, choose, get等 (1) 动词+疑问词+to , “特殊疑问句+不定式”相当于名词,作宾语。如:‎ I don’t know what to do next/ how to do it next.‎ I can’t decide when to go there.‎ 注意:不定式短语作宾语时,如果还带有宾语补足语,往往把不定式短语放在宾语补足语之后,用it 作形式宾语。如:‎ I find it necessary to learn a foreign language.‎ 1、 作宾语补足语 (1) 动词+宾语+不定式(to do )。如:‎ He warned me to be careful.‎ I want you to speak to Tom.‎ What makes you think so? (不带to的不定式)‎ ‎ 注:可以用动词不定式做宾补的动词有:ask, tell, order ,want ,get, would like, like, advise, invite, allow, help, wish, warn, expect, would prefer, encourage (2) 表见解、看法的动词结构可为:动词+宾语+ to be 的不定式结构。如:‎ We consider Tom to be one of the best students in our class.‎ The book is believed to be useful.(被动语态)‎ ‎(3) There +不定式。如:‎ We didn’t expect there to be so many people there.我们没料到会有那么多人在那里。‎ 注意:(1)有些动词需用 as 短语作补语,像regard, think, believe, take, consider。如:‎ We regard Eric as our best teacher. 我们认为艾瑞克是我们最好的老师。‎ Mary took him as her father. 玛丽把他当作自己的父亲。‎ ‎(4) 在动词feel (一感),hear, listen to(二听),have, let, make(三让),notice, see, watch, observe, look at(五看)(即:吾看三室两厅一感觉)等后面的补足语中,不定式不带to,但变为被动语态后,必须带to。如:‎ They saw the boy fall off the tree. The boy was seen to fall off the tree.‎ ‎(5) help后面作宾语补足语的不定式可以带to,也可以不带to.‎ ‎ I often help him (to)clean the room.‎ ‎ I helped him (to) find his things.‎ 1、 作定语 不定式作定语,修饰名词或代词,不定式和它所修饰的名词之间有逻辑上的主谓关系、动状关系、同位关系或动宾关系。不定式通常要放在这些被修饰的词后。如:‎ I have a lot of work to do.(动宾关系)‎ He is looking for a room to live in.(动状关系)‎ He is the first person to think of the idea.(主谓关系)‎ He has got a chance to go abroad.(同位关系)‎ 注意:1.不定式的逻辑主语是句子的主语时,不定式用主动形式表被动。如:‎ ‎ Do you have anything else to say?‎ ‎ 2.如果作定语的不定式是一个短语,则要保留不定式短语中的副词或介词。如:‎ ‎ I need a pen to write with. (I will write with the pen ) (我需要一支钢笔写字)‎ ‎ I have a little baby to look after. (I must look after the little baby ) (我有一个婴儿要照看)‎ ‎5. 作状语 作状语,表示目的、结果、原因等,有时还有一些固定搭配的不定式短语,如in order to , so as to, so…as to, such …as to, ….enough to, too…to等。‎ (1) 做目的状语,just to, only to (仅仅为了), in order to, so as to, so(such)….as to…(如此···以便···)如:‎ He ran so fast as to catch the first bus. 他飞快地跑以便赶上第一班车。‎ He came to the school to see his son.‎ (2) 作结果状语,表事先没有预料到的,要放在句子后面。如:‎ He hurried to the post office only to find it was closed.‎ He searched the room only to find nothing.‎ (3) 做原因状语。如:‎ We were very excited to hear the news.‎ I’m glad to see you.‎ (1) 做条件状语。如:‎ To turn to the left, you could find a post office.‎ ‎6. 作表语 不定式可放在be动词后面,构成表语。如:‎ The question is how to put it into practice.‎ My question is when to leave.‎ His dream is to be a doctor.‎ Her work is to look after the babies.‎ 注意:1.不定式在句中作表语时,对应的谓语动词用单数。‎ ‎ 2.当主语是不定式时,表语不能用V+ing形式,可用不定式。‎ ‎ 如:To see is to believe. (眼见为实)(Seeing is believing. )‎ ‎7独立结构。如:‎ To tell you the truth, I don’t agree with you.‎ To make matters worse, it began to rain.‎ 二、 不定式的时态和语态 1、 不定式的时态 (1) 现在时:有时与谓语动词表示的动作同时发生,有时发生在谓语动词的动作之后。如:‎ He seems to know this. I hope to see you again. ‎ (2) 完成时:表示的动作发生在谓语动词表示的动作之前。如:‎ I’m sorry to have given you so much trouble.‎ He seems to have caught a cold.‎ (3) 进行时:表示动作正在进行,与谓语动词表示的动作同时发生。如:‎ He seems to be eating something.‎ ‎(4)完成进行时:表示动作从过去某个时间开始,一直延续到现在,并有可能持续下去。如:‎ She is known to have been working on the problem for many years.‎ 2、 不定式的语态 当不定式的逻辑主语是其动作的承受者时,就用被动式。如:‎ He was seen to enter the hall. He asked to be sent to work in Tibet.‎ 二、 省to 的动词不定式 1、 情态动词(除ought 外,ought to)‎ 2、 would rather, had better.‎ 3、 感官动词 see, watch, look at, notice, observe, hear, listen to, smell, feel 等后作宾补,省略 to.‎ 注意:在被动语态中 to 不能省略掉。如:‎ I saw him dance. ‎ He was seen to dance. ‎ The boss made them work the whole night.‎ They were made to work the whole night.‎ 4、 使役动词 let, have, make.‎ 5、 由 and, or 和 than 连接的两个不定式,第二个 to 可以省去。如:He wants to move to France and marry the girl.‎ 6、 help 可带 to ,也可不带to, help sb. (to) do sth.‎ 7、 Why don’t you…/Why not…‎ 8、 but 和 except 前是动词 do 时,后面出现的动词用不带 to 的动词不定式。试比较: ‎ ‎ He wants to do nothing but go out. ‎ ‎ He wants to believe anything but to take the medicine.‎ 9、 通常在discover, imagine, suppose, think, understand 等词后,可以省去 to be .如:‎ He is supposed (to be) nice. 他应该是个好人。‎ ‎2.【2016·北京】28. ______ over a week ago, the books are expected to arrive any time now.‎ A. Ordering B. To order C. Having ordered D. Ordered ‎【答案】D 考点:考查过去分词作状语 ‎ 【名师点睛】‎ 分词作状语 ‎1. 分词作时间状语相当于when引导的时间状语从句;on doing sth. =as soon as。‎ ‎2. 分词作原因状语相当于as,since,because引导的原因状语从句。‎ ‎3. 分词作方式或伴随状语不能用状语从句替换,但是可以改写成并列句。‎ ‎ 4. 分词作条件状语相当于if unless等引导的从句。常见的引导条件状语的分词有given,supposing, considering, provided, compared with等。‎ ‎ 5. 分词作结果状语相当于so that引导的结果状语从句。分词前常有副词thus,thereby,only等。‎ ‎ 6. 分词作让步状语相当于though或者even if等引导的让步状语从句。‎ ‎3.【2016·北京】32. Newly-built wooden cottages line the street, ________ the old town into a dreamland.‎ A. turn B. turning C. to turn D. turned ‎【答案】B 考点:考查现在分词 ‎【名师点睛】‎ 现在分词和过去分词的区别:‎ 在语态上,现在分词表示主动意义,过去分词表示被动意义;‎ 在时间上,现在分词表示的动作往往正在进行或者与谓语动词同时发生,过去分词表示的动作已经完成或没有一定的时间性。‎ 如:falling leaves 正在下落的树叶 fallen leaves 已经落在地上的树叶 一、 分词的作用 1、 作定语 (1) 单个分词作定语,分词前置。如:‎ The sleeping boy is my son.‎ The excited people rushed into the building.‎ A lost opportunity never returns.‎ He is a retired worker.‎ (2) 分词短语作定语,分词后置;分词修饰不定代词something等要后置;个别分词如give,left等作定语也后置。如:‎ The girl standing under the tree is my niece.‎ The building built last year is our library.‎ This is the question given.‎ There is nothing interesting.‎ (3) 过去分词作定语与其修饰的词是被动关系,相当于一个被动语态的定语从句。如:Most of the people invited to the party were famous scientists ‎2. The first textbook ______ for teaching English as a foreign language came out in the 16th century.‎ A. have written B. to be written C. being written D. written ‎3. What’s the language ______ in Germany?‎ A. speaking B. spoken C. be spoken D. to speak ‎4. Prices of daily goods ______ through a computer can be lower than store prices.‎ A. are bought B. bought C. been bought D. buying.‎ ‎5. When I got back home I saw a message pinned to the door ______ “Sorry to miss you; will call later.”‎ A. read B. reads C. to read D. reading 2、 作状语 现在分词和过去分词在句中可以作时间、原因、方式、伴随、条件、结果等状语。‎ Not receiving any letter from him, I gave him a call.‎ As I didn’t receive any letter from him, I gave him a call.‎ Given more attention, the trees could have grown better.‎ If more attention was given, the trees could have grown better.(条件)‎ Walking along the street, I ran across my old friend.‎ Bitten by a snake, he was taken to hospital(原因).‎ Though defeated, he didn’t lose heart. (让步)‎ He lay on the grass, looking into the sky. (伴随)‎ He came running to tell me the good news. (方式)‎ ‎6. ______ some officials, Napoleon inspected his army.‎ A. Followed B. Followed by C. Being followed D. Having been followed ‎7. There was a terrible noise______ the sudden burst of light.‎ ‎ A. followed B. following C. to be followed D. being followed ‎8. ______, liquids can be changed into gases.‎ ‎ A. Heating B. To be heated C. Heated D. Heat ‎ 注意:‎ (1) 选择现在分词还是过去分词,关键看主句的主语。如分词的动作是由主句的主语发出,分词就用现在分词,反之就用过去分词。试比较:‎ ‎(Being)Used for a long time, the book looks old.由于用了很长时间,这本书看上去很旧。‎ Using the book, I find it useful.在使用的过程中,我发现这本书很有用。‎ (2) 分词作状语时,其逻辑主语必须和主句的主语一致,如果不一致,就用独立主格结构,即在分词前加上它的逻辑主语。现在分词的完成式主要用于作状语,一般不用作定语。‎ ‎9. When______, the museum will be open to the public next year.‎ A. completed B. completing C. being completed D. to be completed ‎10. ______ such heavy pollution already, the river becomes dead water.‎ A. Having suffered B. Suffering C. To suffer D. Suffered 1、 作表语 现在分词作表语多表示主语具有的特征,过去分词作表语多指主语所处的状态。如:‎ The film is touching.‎ The glass is broken.‎ She looked tired with cooking.‎ He remained standing beside the table.‎ 1、 作宾语补足语 分词和不定式一样,在一些感官动词或使役动词后作宾语补足语。如:‎ I smell something burning.‎ I heard him singing the song.‎ I heard my name called.‎ I can’t make myself understood in English.‎ I found my car missing.‎ I’ll have my watch repaired.我想把我的手表修一下。‎ 2、 作插入语 其结构是固定的,意思上的主语并不是句子的主语。‎ generally speaking 一般说来 talking of (speaking of) 说到 strictly speaking 严格地说 judging from 从···判断 all things considered 从整体来看 taking all things into consideration 全面看来。如:‎ Judging from his face, he must be ill.从他的脸色看,他一定是病了。‎ Generally speaking, dogs can run faster than pigs.总的来说,狗比猪跑得快。‎ 二、分词的时态 1、 与主语动词同时。如:‎ Arriving there, they found the boy dead. ‎ ‎11. The secretary worked late into the night, ______ a long speech for the president.‎ A. to prepare B. preparing C. prepared D. was preparing 2、 先于主语动词 分词作时间状语,如果先于主动词的动作,且强调先后,要用having done。如:‎ Having finished his homework, he went out for a walk.‎ After he had finished his homework, he went out for a walk.‎ ‎12. ______ a reply, he decided to write again.‎ A. Not receiving B. Receiving not ‎ C. Not having received D. Having not received 三、分词的语态 1、 通常情况下,现在分词表示主动,过去分词表示被动。如:‎ He is the man giving you/who gave you the book ‎ She is the girl stopped by/who was stopped by the car. ‎ 2、 不及物动词的过去分词表示动作已经发生。像:gone, fallen, retired, grown-up, escaped, faded, returned等词。如:‎ a retired person 一个退休的人 a fallen ball 一个落下来的球 a burnt-out match 烧完了的火柴 ‎4.【2016·江苏】28.In art criticism, you must assume the artist has a secret message ________within the work.‎ A. to hide B. hidden C. hiding D. being hidden ‎【答案】B ‎【名师点睛】‎ 过去分词作定语,在语态上,表被动;在时间上,表示动作已经发生或完成,与它所修饰的名词有逻辑(意义)上的动宾关系。过去分词作定语时,所修饰的名词在逻辑上相当于被动句中的主语,过去分词相当于谓语。  过去分词作定语表示动作在谓语动作之前发生,已经完成并具有被动意义。有时也不表示时间性。作定语的过去分词一般由及物动词变来,因为只有及物动词才有被动意义。‎ 例如:  He is a teacher loved by his students. 他是个很受学生爱戴的老师。   ‎ 也有用不及物动词的过去分词作定语的情况,一般作前置定语,它不表示被动意义,只表示主动意义,强调动作完成。不能像及物动词的过去分词那样放在名词后面作定语。‎ 例如:  fallen leaves 落叶   retired workers 退休工人   the risen sun 升起的太阳   ‎ 注意下面过去分词作定语的几种情况:   ‎ ‎1. 单个的过去分词作定语一般放在被修饰的名词之前。例如:   ‎ We needed much more qualified workers. 我们需要更多的合格的工人。   ‎ My friend is a returned student. 我的朋友是个归国的留学生。   ‎ 单个分词也可以作后置定语,用以强调动作。例如:   ‎ They decided to change the material used. 他们决定更换使用的材料。  ‎ ‎2. 过去分词短语作定语要放在被修饰的名词后面,作后置定语,其作用相当于一个定语从句。‎ 例如:The student dressed in white is my daughter.   ‎ ‎=The student who is dressed in white is my daughter.)穿白色衣服的学生是我的女儿。  ‎ ‎3. 如果被修饰的词是由every/some/any/no + thing/body/one所构成的复合代词或指示代词those等时,即使一个单一的分词作形容词用,也要放在被修饰词的后面。‎ 例如: There is nothing changed here since I left this town.自从我离开这个城镇以来,几乎没有什么变化。  ‎ ‎4. 单个过去分词前加一名词或副词,常用连字符将它们连接起来构成一个复合形容词,放在其修饰的名词前,作前置定语。分词前加的名词表示分词的动作或行为主体,所加的副词表示方 式、时间、程度、性质等意义。‎ 例如: This is a state-owned factory. 这是一家国营工厂。   ‎ ‎5. 作前置定语的某些动词的过去分词的形式与作谓语或表语的过去分词的形式往往不一样。‎ 考点:考查分词做定语 ‎5.【2016·天津】4. The cooling wind swept through out bedroom windows, ____ air conditioning unnecessary.‎ ‎ A. making B. to make C. made D. being made ‎【答案】A ‎【解析】‎ 试题分析:句意:冷风从我们卧室的窗户吹进来,使得没有必要开空调了。前面的事情造成后面的结果,用现在分词作结果状语,表示顺理成章的结果。不定式也可以作结果状语,但是那是预料不到的结果。故选A。‎ 考点:考查非谓语动词。‎ ‎【名师点睛】判断非谓语动词的形式的第一步是分析句子成分,看是用谓语动词还是非谓语动词,确定了是非谓语动词,还要判断非谓语动词的成分,和这个动词和逻辑主语的关系。这道题还有一个考点就是同样是结果状语从句,现在分词和不定式用法也不同,还要结合语境判断符合哪一个,来加以判断。‎ ‎6.【2016·浙江】10.To return to the problem of water pollution , I'd like you to look at a study _______ in Australia in 2012. ‎ A. having conducted B. to be conducted C. conducting D. conducted ‎【答案】D ‎【解析】‎ 试题分析:句意:为了回到水污染的问题,我想要你研究一下2012年澳大利亚进行的研究。使用非谓语动词作定语,study和conduct是动宾关系,用过去分词作定语。B项也表示被动,但是不定式的被动,表示将要发生的事情。故选D。‎ 考点:考查非谓语动词。‎ ‎【名师点睛】判断非谓语动词的形式的第一步是分析句子成分,看是用谓语动词还是非谓语动词,确定了是非谓语动词,还要判断非谓语动词的成分,和这个动词和逻辑主语的关系。这道题考查非谓语动词作定语的用法,看carry out和修饰的study之间的关系可知用过去分词。‎ ‎7.【2016·浙江】19. I had as much fun sailing the seas as I now do with students.‎ A. working B. work C. to work D. worked ‎ ‎【答案】A ‎【解析】‎ 试题分析:句意:我在海上航行和现在和学生一起一样快乐。使用非谓语动词作状语,I和work是主谓关系,用现在分词作时间状语。故选A。‎ 考点:考查非谓语动词。‎ ‎【名师点睛】判断非谓语动词的形式的第一步是分析句子成分,看是用谓语动词还是非谓语动词,确定了是非谓语动词,还要判断非谓语动词的成分,和这个动词和逻辑主语的关系。这道题考查非谓语动词作状语的用法,看I和work的逻辑关系可以看出是现在分词。‎ ‎2015年高考题 ‎1.【2015·湖南】30.When the clerk saw a kind face wrinkled in an apologetic smile, she stood rooted to the ground, ________ whether to stay or leave.‎ A. wondering B. wonder C.to wonder D.wondered ‎【答案】A  ‎ ‎【考点定位】考查非谓语动词 ‎【名师点睛】‎ 非谓语形式有三种:1、动词不定式:to do  2、动词的ing : doing  3、 动词的过去分词:done;不定式:表示目的和将来;动词的ing:表示主动和进行;过去分词:表示被动和完成。非谓语动词的做题步骤1、判定是否用非谓语形式。方法:看看句子中是否已有了谓语动词了;2、找非谓语动词的逻辑主语。方法:非谓语动词的逻辑主语一般是句子的主语。3、判断主被动关系。方法:非谓语动词与其逻辑主语的主动还是被动关系。4、判断时间关系。方法:分析句子,看看非谓语动词所表示的动作发生在谓语动作之前、之后还是同时。之前常用 done; 之后常用to do; 同时常用doing.从本题来看主句的主语she与动词wonder构成逻辑上的主动关系,因此用v.ing形式作伴随状语。‎ ‎2.【2015·北京】21._____the early flight,we ordered a taxi in advance and got up very early.‎ A.Catching. B.Caught. C.To catch. D.Catch ‎【答案】C ‎ ‎【解析】‎ 试题分析:句意:为了赶上早班的飞机,我们提前叫了出租车并且起得很早。这里逻辑主语是we,空中用不定式作目的状语,表示提前交出租车并且早起的目的。故选C。‎ ‎【考点定位】考查非谓语动词。‎ ‎【名师点睛】此题应抓住逻辑主语与从句的关系,然后从句意中看出句子中缺少的成份,可以知道这里用不定式做目的状语,意思是“为了…”,学生需要注意非谓语动词中现在分词、过去分词、不定式和各种动词在句子中做的成份,才可以做好此类题。‎ ‎3.【2015·北京】23.The park was full of people,____themselves in the sunshine.‎ A.having enjoyed B.enjoyed C.enjoying D.to enjoy ‎【答案】C ‎【解析】‎ 试题分析:句意:这个公园充满了人,在阳光下他们玩的很尽兴。本题考查非谓语动词。本题非谓语动词的逻辑主语为people,人们玩得开心为主动的,因此排除B选项;D to enjoy 不定式表示动作未发生,由题干可知,是过去的动作,因此排除D选项;A having enjoyed 为现在分词的完成形式,一定要发生在谓语动作之前,根据题意,不符合。故选C。‎ ‎【考点定位】考查非谓语动词 ‎【名师点睛】本题考查学生对非谓语动词的掌握情况,做题时可以先根据情景,语境等排除错误选项。然后根据句子中的主谓关系判断出正确选项。做好此类题需要先判断逻辑主语和非谓语动词是主动关系还是被动关系,然后看非谓语动词动作与谓语动词动作发生的先后顺序,所以学生需要多加注意句子之间的关系。‎ ‎4.【2015·北京】31.If ___for the job, you’ll be informed soon.‎ A .to accept B. accept C. accepting D. accepted ‎ ‎【答案】D ‎【解析】‎ 试题分析:句意:如果录用你了,我们将很快通知你。本句条件状语从句中省略了主语you,与accept构成被动关系,用过去分词accepted。故选D。‎ ‎【考点定位】考查非谓语动词。‎ ‎【名师点睛】本题暗含了状语从句的省略和非谓语动词的用法两个知识点,并牢记现在分词表主动或进行,过去分词表被动或完成,不定式表将要执行的动作的原则。做好此类题需要牢记句子中省略,还有主语和动词之间的关系。‎ ‎5.【2015·重庆】6. ____ in the poorest area of Glasgow, he had a long, hard road to becoming a football star.‎ A. Being raised B. Raising C. Raised D. To raise ‎【答案】C ‎ ‎【解析】 ‎ 试题分析:句意:他在 格拉斯哥最穷的地方长大,要想成为足球明星还有很长的路要走。根据句意可知raise这个动词的主语是he,他在这个地方长大,两者之间是主谓关系,故选C项。 ‎ ‎【考点定位】考查非谓语谓语动词。‎ ‎【名师点睛】 本题在考查非谓语动词,题目难度中等,从选项看,不定式:表示目的和将来;动词的ing:表示主动和进行;过去分词:表示被动和完成。从句子结构判断,两个句子是否共用一个主语,主语与第一个动词之间是主谓关系还是动宾关系,再者还要注意判断时间关系,从而得出答案来。‎ ‎6.【2015·重庆】11. Like ancient sailors, birds can find their way____ the sun and the stars.‎ A. used B. having used C. using D. use ‎【答案】C ‎ ‎【解析】 ‎ 试题分析:句意:象古代的水手,鸟能利用太阳和星辰来找到他们的路。Using是伴随状语。 选C。‎ ‎【考点定位】考查非谓语动词。‎ ‎【名师点睛】伴随状语是指状语从句的动作伴随主句发生,它的特点是:它所表达的动作或状态是伴随着句子谓语动词的动作而发生或存在的,这个考点在高考中经常出现,本题考查的是分词做伴随状语,分为现在分词和过去分词,现在分词短语表示与主句的主语在逻辑上有主谓关系,即表示主动意义; 而过去分词短语则表示与主句的主语在逻辑上是动宾关系,即被动意义;He sen me an e-mail hoping to ge further information 他给我发一封电子邮件,希望得到更多的信息; He hurried to the hall, followed by two guards. 他匆忙进了大厅,后面跟着两个警卫。‎ ‎7.【2015·浙江】18. Listening to music at home is one thing, going to hear it live is quite another.‎ ‎ A. perform B. performing C. to perform D. being performed ‎【答案】D ‎【解析】‎ 试题分析:句意:在家里面听音乐是一回事,去到现场听又是另一回事。hear sb/sth doing 表听到某人某物做某事。由于音乐是被演奏的,所以需要被动,所以选D。分析4个选项知道,答案所使用的是同一个动词,不同的是时态、语态或者是非谓语形式。‎ ‎ A是动词原形,B是非谓语现在分词形式,C是非谓语的不定式,D是非谓语的现在分词被动形式。分析句子结构以及用法,不难知道音乐是被演奏的,所以需要被动,所以选D。‎ ‎【考点定位】考查动词非谓语 ‎【名师点睛】解答此题,既需要正确区分非谓语和谓语的用法,又要对语态中的被动和主动有所了解,另外也要对hear 这个感官动词的用法有了解。其中的非谓语和谓语可以根据句子成分划分得出,而语态关键看主语是人还是物。当物作主语时需要用被动。‎ ‎8.【2015·天津】8. ______ for two days, Steve managed to finish his report on schedule. ‎ ‎ A. To work B. Worked ‎ C. To be working D. Having worked ‎【答案】D ‎【解析】‎ 试题分析:句意:工作了两天,Steve成功的按时完成了他的报告。句中的逻辑主语为Steve,与work之间为主动关系,故用现在分词,这里用having worked,表示动作的先后性。故选D。‎ ‎【考点定位】考查非谓语动词。‎ ‎【名师点睛】本题考查的非谓语动词为高中重点语法之一。在分析题目的时候,首先要抓住非谓语动词所对应的逻辑主语,再分析二者之间的关系,现在分词完成式表示其动作发生在句子谓语动作之前,放在句首的不定式只能表示目的性,故应当排除。‎ ‎9.【2015·天津】5. ______in painting, John didn’t notice evening approaching. ‎ ‎ A. To absorb B. To be absorbed ‎ C. Absorbed D. Absorbing ‎ ‎【答案】C ‎【考点定位】考查非谓语动词。‎ ‎【名师点睛】本题考查的非谓语动词为高中重点语法之一。在分析题目的时候,首先要抓住非谓语动词所对应的逻辑主语,确定逻辑主语之后,再分析非谓语动词和逻辑主语在搭配使用时是主动还是被动关系,最后根据句意选择正确的答案。‎ ‎10.【2015·陕西】17. After receiving the Oscar for Best Supporting Actress, Anne ‎ Benedict went on all the people who had helped in her career.‎ ‎ A. to thank B. thanking C. having thanked D. to have thanked ‎【答案】A ‎【解析】‎ 试题分析:句意:在获得奥斯卡最佳女配角后,Anne Benedict继续感谢所有帮助她演绎生涯的人。go on to do继续做不同的事情,所以选A。‎ ‎【考点定位】考查不定式 ‎【名师点睛】不定式有一些具体的用法,可以做宾语,定语,状语。还有不定式的不同形式:to do;to be doing;to have done。这题要注意go on to do“继续做不同的事情”和go on doing“继续做相同的事情”的区别。结合语境是关键。‎ ‎11.【2015·陕西】18. Back from his two-year medical service in Africa, Dr. Lee was very happy to see his mother good care of at home.‎ A. taking B. taken C. take D. be taken ‎ ‎【答案】B ‎【解析】‎ 试题分析:句意:在非洲医疗援助两年回来后,Dr. Lee很高兴看见妈妈被照顾得很好。his mother和take care of是被动关系,用过去分词做宾语补足语,所以选B。‎ ‎【考点定位】考查过去分词 ‎【名师点睛】考生在做非谓语动词的题目时,首先要通过分析句子知道这里需要的是谓语动词还是非谓语动词。还有是作什么成分,然后根据和修饰语的关系决定用哪种非谓语单词:是现在分词还是过去分词或者不定式。‎ ‎12.【2015·福建】28._________ more about Chinese culture, Jack has decided to take Chinese folk music as an elective course.‎ A. Learn B. Learned C. To learn D. To be learning ‎【答案】C ‎【解析】‎ 试题分析:考查非谓语动词。这里是动词不定式形式的非谓语动词做目的状语。该句意思为:为了更多了解到中国文化,杰克决定选择中国传统音乐作为选修课。故选C ‎【考点定位】考查考查非谓语动词。‎ ‎【名师点睛】非谓语动词的考点可以说占了高考的很大比重。但是他们的使用方法也很好判别,一般现在分词表示主动的关系,而过去分词表示被动的关系,动词不定式的用法很多,通常是跟在一个动词后面形成的固定结构,只要分辨出句子中的关系就能够成功解题。‎ ‎13.【2015·福建】33.In recent years an English word "infosphere" has appeared, _______the sense of “information” and " atmosphere".‎ A. combine B. combined C. combining D. being combined ‎【答案】C ‎【解析】‎ 试题分析:考查非谓语动词。非谓语动词主要有动词不定式、现在分词和过去分词形式。其中现在分词表示主动的关系,而过去分词通常表示被动的关系。根据该句意思:最近几年,一个叫做infosphere的英语单词出现了,结合了“信息”和“气氛”这两个单词。这里的结合与前面新出现的单词的关系是主动的,所以故选C ‎【考点定位】考查非谓语动词 ‎【名师点睛】非谓语动词的考点可以说占了高考的很大比重。但是他们的使用方法也很好判别,一般现在分词表示主动的关系,而过去分词表示被动的关系,动词不定式的用法很多,通常是跟在一个动词后面形成的固定结构,只要分辨出句子中的关系就能够成功解题。‎ ‎14.【2015·江苏】24.Much time _____ sitting at a desk, office workers are generally troubled by health problems.‎ A. being spent B. having spent C. spent D. spending ‎【答案】C ‎【解析】‎ 试题分析:句意:上班族们坐在办工座前太久,一般会受到健康问题的困扰。分析句子结构可知,分词的逻辑主语和后面主句的主语不一致,应用独立主格结构。分词主语和分词动作之间构成逻辑上的动宾关系,且动作已完成,故用过去分词。故选C项。‎ ‎【考点定位】独立主格结构 ‎【名师点睛】考生要抓住非谓语动词考点做题重要原则:非谓语动词作状语,其逻辑主语必须和句子主语保持一致,和句子主语构成主谓关系时用-ing形式,构成动宾关系是用-ed形式。其逻辑主语和句子主语不一致时,要在非谓语动词前加逻辑主语,构成独立主格结构。‎ ‎15.【2015·安徽】27.______ the difference between the two research findings will be one of the worst mistakes you make.‎ A. Ignore B. Ignoring C. Ignored D. Having ignored ‎【答案】B ‎【解析】‎ 试题分析:句意:忽视这两项研究结果的差异将会是你所犯的最严重的错误之一。句子缺少主语,ignore的逻辑主语是you,两者是主谓关系,因此用动名词做主语,故选B。‎ ‎【考点定位】考查动名词作主语 ‎【名师点睛】本题考查非谓语动词。“will be”前面的“______ the difference between the two research findings”是主语部分,动词原形和过去分词不能直接作主语,习惯上用动名词作主语。且you和ignore是主谓关系,这里表示同时发生,而非先后发生,因此不用分词的完成式。‎ ‎16.【2015·湖南】34.Sometimes I act as a listening ear for fellow students ________ what is bothering them.‎ A. to talk over B. talked over C.talk over D.having talked over ‎【答案】A  ‎ ‎【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意:有时我充当了倾听同学们谈论烦心事的对象。此处不定式表示目的。故选A。‎ ‎【考点定位】考查非谓语动词。‎ ‎【名师点睛】‎ ‎【名师点睛】非谓语动词不定式可以表示目的,在句中作目的状语。①表目的:He worked day and night to get the money. 他夜以继日地工作来赚钱。She sold her hair to buy the watch chain. 她卖掉了自己的头发来买那条表链。注意不定式放句首时,逻辑主语与句子主语要一致 ‎2014年高考英语分项解析精编版 专题07非谓语动词 ‎1.【2014·全国大纲卷】23.Today there are more airplanes________ more people than ever before in the skies.‎ A. carry B. carrying C. carried D. to be carrying ‎【答案】B 考点:考查现在分词作定语 ‎【名师点睛】非谓语动词的做题步骤1、判定是否用非谓语形式。方法:看看句子中是否已有了谓语动词了;2、找非谓语动词的逻辑主语。方法:非谓语动词的逻辑主语一般是句子的主语。3、判断主被动关系。方法:非谓语动词与其逻辑主语的主动还是被动关系。4、判断时间关系。方法:分析句子,看看非谓语动词所表示的动作发生在谓语动作之前、之后还是同时。之前常用 done; 之后常用to do; 同时常用doing.从本题来看主句的主语airplanes与动词carry构成逻辑上的主动关系,因此用v.ing形式作定语。‎ ‎2.【2014·全国大纲卷】33. ______me tomorrow and I will let you know the lab result.‎ A. Calling B. Call C. To call D. Having called ‎ ‎【答案】B ‎【解析】‎ 试题分析:考查动词的正确形式。句意:明天给我打电话,我会告诉你实验的结果。此句是祈使句,故用动词原形。选B。‎ 考点:考查动词的正确形式。‎ ‎【名师点睛】本题考查的是祈使句。祈使句主语(you)通常不表示出来,直接以动词原形开头。祈使句用于两个重要句型:1、祈使句+and+表示结果的陈述句,用来叙述肯定的条件2、祈使句+or+表示结果的陈述句,用来叙述否定的条件,表示要不然。如:Hurry up and you can catch the train=Hurry up or you will miss the train.本题就属于前一种形式。‎ ‎3.【2014·重庆卷】5. The producer comes regularly to collect the cameras _______ to our shop for quality problems.‎ ‎ A. returning B. returned C. to return D. to be returned ‎【答案】B ‎【解析】‎ 试题分析:本题意为:厂商定期回收因质量问题退回来的相机。camera是“退回”的承受者,应使用过去分词。A、C两项语态错误;D项表“未来”,时态不合语境。故本题选择B项。‎ 考点:考查非谓语动词的用法。‎ ‎【名师点睛】本句考查过去分词作定语。原句是The producer comes regularly to collect the cameras (which were returned)to our shop for quality problems.首先看题目中有无谓语动词,若有,就要把需要填的谓语动词非谓语化,本题前面已经有谓语动词“comes”。再看逻辑主语和谓语动词是何关系,被动还是主动,本题是被动关系。最后看时间关系,看看非谓语动词所表示的动作发生在谓语动作之前、之后还是同时。之前常用 done; 之后常用to do; 同时常用doing.本题就应该选择returned。‎ ‎4.【2014·重庆卷】11. Group activities will be organized after class _______ children develop team spirit.‎ ‎ A. helping B. having helped C. helped D. to help ‎【答案】D ‎【解析】‎ 试题分析:题意:将组织各种团体活动以帮助儿童培养团队精神。培养团队精神是组织课外团体活动的目的。英语中表示“目的”时应当使用动词不定式。故本题选择D项。‎ 考点:考查非谓语动词的用法。‎ ‎【名师点睛】本题与2015年湖南卷第34题类似.Sometimes I act as a listening ear for fellow students to talk over what is bothering them. 本题考查非谓语动词不定式表目的,在句中作目的状语。不定式表目的:如He worked day and night to get the money. 他夜以继日地工作来赚钱。She gave up her career to help her husband. 她牺牲自己事业去帮助她的丈夫。注意不定式放句首时,逻辑主语与句子主语要一致。‎ ‎5.【2014·北京卷】35.The film star wears sunglasses. Therefore, he can go shopping without ______..‎ A. recognizing B. being recognized ‎ C. having recognized D. having been recognized ‎【答案】B ‎ ‎【解析】‎ 试题分析:本题考查动词的非谓语动词形式。句意:那位电影明星戴上墨镜。所以,他去买东西不会被认出来。根据题中的介词without判断,此后应该使用动词的动名词形式,由于他是被人认出的,所以应该用动名词的被动式,所以选B。‎ 考点:考查非谓语动词的用法 ‎【名师点睛】本题考查介词与被动语态。Without是介词后面的动词要用ing形式,类似的介词还有:instead of、rather than等。根据句意“明星戴眼镜就不会被人认出来了”,可知要用被动语态“be recognized ”,再结合介词后动词的形式,就可以得出正确答案。考生在做此类题目时一定要细心,可以把四个选项都浏览一遍再选择,切忌粗心大意丢分。‎ ‎6.【2014·北京卷】28. There are still many problems ______ before we are ready for a long stay on the Moon.‎ A. solving B. solved ‎ C. being solved D.to be solved ‎【答案】D ‎ ‎【解析】‎ 试题分析:本题考查非谓语动词,考查方式为非谓语动词形式选择。根据题干信息,非谓语动词在这里做定语,限定“要去解决的问题”。根据非谓语动词做定语的规则,现在分词表示主动和正在发生,过去分词表示被动或完成,而不定式表示将要发生,所以选D。‎ 考点:考查非谓语动词的用法 ‎【名师点睛】非谓语动词在高考中占的比重很大。但他们的使用方法也很好判别,一般现在分词表示主动的关系,过去分词表示被动的关系,动词不定式的用法很多,通常表示未做的事情,表示将来的动作,只要分辨出句子中的关系就能够成功解题。本题就是“很多未解决的问题”,故选择D。‎ ‎7.【2014·北京卷】24. __ carefully if any change occurs when doing experiments in the lab..‎ A. Observe B. To observe C. Observed D. Observing ‎【答案】A ‎ ‎【解析】‎ 试题分析:本题考查非谓语动词。考查方式为识别是否适用非谓语动词。根据上下文可知,后面提供了两个从句,一个为条件状语从句、另一个为时间状语从句的省略句,由此可知,在某条件下和某时间,建议某人做某事。因此,应该选择动词原形,引起的是祈使句。所以,本题选A。‎ 考点:本题考查非谓语动词。‎ ‎【名师点睛】考查祈使句。第二人称祈使句通常表示向听话者发出命令、建议或者要求,祈使句主语(you)通常不表示出来,直接以动词原形开头,如:stand up! /Clean the window and mop the floor.本题表达的就是说话者的命令语气:“做实验时认真观察以防任何意外发生”。句首用动词原形observe。‎ ‎8.【2014·北京卷】25. Last night, there were millions of people _______ the opening ceremony live on TV.‎ A.watch B. to watch C. watched D. watching ‎【答案】D ‎ 考点:本题考查非谓语动词 ‎【名师点睛】本题考查非谓语。逻辑主语是people,谓语watch与构成的是主动关系,要用ing形式,watching。这里还有另外一个语法点:there be句型,仔细分析近几年的高考试题,几乎每年都以不同形式、从不同角度考查该句型的运用。因此,很有必要对此进行认真的分析和总结, 从而达到熟练掌握和运用这一句型的目的。其句型结构通常为::There be + sb./sth. + somewhere/doing sth。但仅仅知道这点用法还远远不够,“There be”还有更多较为特殊的用法。如:There will be a class meeting this afternoon. (一般将来时);There was a football match in our school yesterday.  (一般过去时);There have been great changes in China in the past twenty years. (现在完成时);There are going to be two English parties next week. (一般将来时);There must be something wrong with the computer. ( must + be)考生平时要多多积累。 ‎ ‎9.【2014·天津卷】7. Clearly and thoughtfully________, the book inspires confidence in students who wish to seek their own answers.‎ A. writing B. to write C. written D. being written ‎【答案】C ‎【解析】‎ 试题分析:句意: 这本书写得既清楚又完整,该书激励了那些希望寻求自己的答案的学生的自信心。Clearly and thoroughly 是副词 ‎,writing是动词的-ing形式,表示与主语book是主动关系;to write是动词不定式,表将来和目的;written是动词的过去分词形式,表示与主语book是被动的关系。根据语境可知,选C。 ‎ 考点:考查非谓语动词。‎ ‎【名师点睛】本题考查学生对非谓语动词的掌握情况,做题时可以先根据情景,语境等排除错误选项。然后根据句子中的主谓关系判断出正确选项。本题中book和write明显是被动关系。做好此类题需要先判断逻辑主语和非谓语动词是主动关系还是被动关系,然后看非谓语动词动作与谓语动词动作发生的先后顺序,所以学生需要多加辨别。‎ ‎10.【2014·天津卷】5. Anxiously, she took the dress out of the package and tried it on, only _________ it didn’t fit A. to find B. found C. finding D. having found ‎【答案】A ‎【解析】‎ 试题分析:句意:她焦急地从包里拿出裙子试穿,结果却发现不合身。only +动词不定式,表示意想不到的结果。found是过去分词,常常表示被动和完成的含义;finding是现在分词,常常表示主动和进行;having found 是-ing的完成式,表示动作发生在先。 ‎ 考点:考查非谓语动词及语境理解。‎ ‎【名师点睛】本题考查only to结构。1. only to do sth在句中做结果状语,一般用逗号和句子主干分开。‎ 它表示出乎句子主语意料之外的/不如人意的结果。2. 该结果状语中还含有一个固定结构:感官动词(find) + 宾语it) + 宾语补足语(not fit).3. 再如:1) Many reporters hurried to the airport, only to be told that the superstar had already left.很多记者匆忙赶到机场,结果只是被告知说那个超级明星已经离开了。2)I returned home from work, only to find my house broken into.我下班后回到家中,结果只是发现我家被人破门而入了。‎ ‎11.【2014·山东卷】6. There is a note pinned to the door______ when the shop will open again. ‎ ‎ A. saying B. says C. said D. having said ‎ ‎【答案】A ‎【解析】‎ 试题分析:在这个句子中note和say是主动关系,所以要用saying。此处saying引导的句子做伴随状语。句意为:门上钉着张纸条,写着这家商店什么时候再营业。故答案选A。‎ 考点:考查非谓语动词。‎ ‎【知识拓展】非谓语动词的选择要根据所填的动词及它所要修饰的逻辑主语之间的关系确定。doing表主动表进行;done表被动表完成;to do表目的表将来。‎ ‎【名师点睛】本题考查非谓语。先把句子简化:There is a note (which is pinned to the door) saying when the shop will open again. 伴随状语是指状语从句的动作伴随主句发生,它所表达的动作或状态是伴随着句子谓语动词的动作而发生或存在的,本题考查的是现在分词做伴随状语,用ing形式。现在分词短语表示与主句的主语在逻辑上有主谓关系,即表示主动意义; 而过去分词短语则表示与主句的主语在逻辑上是动宾关系,即被动意义;如:He went to the classroom holding two books; He went to the forest , followed by two dogs. ‎ ‎12.【2014·山东卷】9. It’s standard practice for a company like this one______ a security officer. ‎ ‎ A. employed B. being employed C. to employ D. employs ‎【答案】C ‎【解析】‎ 试题分析:it是形式主语,真正的主语是后面的动词不定式。句意为:像这样的一个公司雇用一名保安是惯例。故答案选C。‎ 考点:考查非谓语动词。‎ ‎【名师点睛】考查非谓语中不定式。本题也是在考查不定式作形式主语,it是形式主语,真正的主语是不定式后面的to employ a security officer。把引导词it放在句首作形式主语,而把真正的主语———动词不定式(短语)放在后面。如:①It's not easy to work out the problem.计算出这道题不容易。‎ ‎②It is interesting to play with snow in winter.冬季里玩雪是很有趣的 ‎13.【2014·江西卷】26. When it comes to __ in public, no one can match him.‎ A. speak B. speaking C. being spoken D. be spoken ‎ ‎【答案】B ‎【解析】‎ 试题分析:When it comes to sth 是一固定句型,表示“当谈到...”,to 是属于介词。而此句子不含被动意思。being spoken 被说。因此B选项正确。句意为“ 当谈到在公众场合演讲,没人能与他相比。”‎ 考点:考查固定句型 ‎【名师点睛】考查固定搭配。When it comes to 的用法(1) 后面接名词或接动词的ING形式(动名词) (2) when前面可以用逗号,整个跟着某个句子句子后面(用法有点像插入语)。也可以作为分句直接位于句首,整个部分后接逗号。1. Although she plays football well, when it comes to English, she is not so good. 她的足球玩得很好,就英语而言,她没学的那么好。2.When it comes to eating, Joey is full of joy.一谈到食物,乔伊就很高兴。 3. When it comes to fishing, John is an expert. 谈及钓鱼,约翰是个专家 ‎14.【2014·江西卷】31. ___nearly all our money, we couldn’t afford to stay at a hotel.‎ A. Having spent B. To spent C. Spent D. To have spent ‎【答案】A ‎【解析】‎ 试题分析:根据句子意思分析,前后逻辑主语都是we,并且花钱的动作发生在couldn’t afford之前,该用动词ing形式的完成式作状语。Having spend 已经花掉;to spend 将要花去;spent 被花去;to have spent将已花去。 因此A选项正确。句意为“ 已经几乎用完所有的钱,所以我们住不起旅馆。”‎ 考点:考查动词ing形式。‎ ‎【名师点睛】考查现在完成时非谓语形式。非谓语形式有三种:1、动词不定式2、动词的ing 3、动词的过去分词。非谓语动词的做题步骤1、判定是否用非谓语形式;2、找非谓语动词的逻辑主语。3、判断主被动关系。看非谓语动词与其逻辑主语的主动还是被动关系。4、判断时间关系。主要分析句子,看看非谓语动词所表示的动作发生在谓语动作之前、之后还是同时。本题就是完成时的非谓语,“花光钱”与“不能付房租”有明显先后关系。用having done 形式。‎ ‎15.【2014·江西卷】34. He is thought ___foolishly .Now he has no one but himself to blame for losing the job.‎ A. to act B. to have acted C. acting D. having acted ‎【答案】B 考点:考查动词非谓语形式。‎ ‎【名师点睛】考查非谓语动词。be thought to be 被认为,被看作,如:She is thought to be the top student in our class,类似的还有be regarded as/believed /found to be.本题还要考虑时间问题,后半句Now he has no one but himself to blame for losing the job.暗示主从句有明显先后关系,因此,从句要用完成时。‎ ‎16.【2014·四川卷】5. The manager was satisfied to see many new products ______ after great effort.‎ A. having developed      B. to develop          C. developed          D. develop ‎【答案】C ‎【解析】‎ 试题分析:分析结构可知此处是“see +宾语+补语”结构,动词develop和宾语之间存在被动关系,应该用过去分词,故答案选C。句意:经理很满意得看到经过努力后许多新产品被研制了出来。‎ ‎【知识拓展】判断现在分词或过去分词做补语的方法是:看动词和宾语之间的关系,如果是主动关系,则用现在分词,而如果是被动关系则用过去分词。比如:We saw the bird fly away。我们看到鸟飞走了。 He found himself tied to a tree他发现自己被捆在树上。‎ 考点:考查非谓语动词的用法。‎ ‎【名师点睛】考查非谓语动词。See的用法如下:1. see sb do sth 看见某人做过某事,I often see him draw a picture.2. see sb doing sth 看见某人正在做某事.When I pass the window I see him drawing a picture.3. be seen to do ,用于被动语态还原to ,He is seen to draw a picture.‎ 本题属于第一种情况,但是产品和开发之间的关系是被动的,要用过去分词developed。‎ ‎17.【2014·四川卷】7.— I hope to take the computer course.‎ ‎— Good idea. ____ more about it, visit this website.‎ A. To find out               B. Finding out        C. To be finding out       D. Having found out ‎【答案】A ‎【解析】‎ 试题分析:由结构判断此处是非谓语短语位于句首表示目的,现在分词不做目的状语,排除CD选项。To be doing强调正在进行,不能做目的状语,故答案选A。句意:---我希望选修计算机课程。---好主意。要想多了解计算机情况的话,去这个网站看看。‎ 考点:考查非谓语动词的用法。‎ ‎【名师点睛】本题考查不定式作目的状语。本题与2015年福建省第28题类似,To learn more about Chinese culture, Jack has decided to take Chinese folk music as an elective course. 这里是动词不定式形式的非谓语动词做目的状语。 非谓语动词的考点可以说占了高考的很大比重。一般现在分词表示主动的关系,而过去分词表示被动的关系,动词不定式的用法很多,通常是跟在一个动词后面形成的固定结构,考生要分辨出关系就可以锁定答案。‎ ‎18.【2014·福建卷】27. the past year as an exchange student in Hong Kong, Linda appears more mature than those of her age.‎ A. Spending B. Spent C. Having spent D. To spend ‎【答案】C ‎【解析】‎ 试题分析:“花费”和其逻辑主语“Linda”之间是主动关系,故用现在分词作原因状语。且“花费”的动作明显早于“看起来成熟”这个动作。表示发生在谓语动作之前的动作,用现在分词的完成时。句意:由于Linda过去几年在香港作交换留学生,所以她看起来比她的实际年龄更成熟。‎ 考点:考查非谓语动词的用法。‎ ‎【名师点睛】考查非谓语动词。非谓语有3种(注意非谓语动作与主语的关系是主动还是被动):1.不定式 to do (一般表主语目的)eg:To draw maps properly, you need a special pen.2 现在分词doing(主语一般表状态)eg:Living in a remote countryside he is always late for school.3 过去分词done(一般表主语被动)eg:Told that his mother was ill, Li ‎ Lei hurried home quickly,用having的原因是现在分词作谓语的完成时,首先表状态要用doing;同时非谓语在谓语动作之前,用完成时(have done),二者综合考虑就是Having done .‎ ‎19.【2014·福建卷】30. For those with family members far away, the personal computer and the phone are important in staying________.‎ A. connected B. connecting C. to connect D. to be connected ‎【答案】A ‎【解析】‎ 试题分析:“个人电脑和手机”与“联系”之间是被动关系,故用过去分词,所以选A。句意:对于那些远离家人的人来说,个人电脑和电话在与家人保持联络方面起着很重要的作用。Stay是系动词,用来表示主语继续或保持一种状况或态度 考点:考查非谓语动词的用法。‎ ‎【名师点睛】考查非谓语动词。从语法结构来看,stay这里相当于连系动词,同lie、stand等,表示“(始终)处于某种状态”;而用过去分词作表语,系表结构作谓语成分,故构成stay connected结构。考生平时要多记忆类似的形式句子,做试卷时才能得心应手。‎ ‎20.【2014·江苏卷】29. The lecture ________, a lively question-and-answer session followed.‎ A. being given B. having given C. to be given D. having been given ‎【答案】D ‎【解析】‎ 试题分析:考查非谓语动词用法。句中逻辑主语lecture与动词give是被动关系,故需要用被动语态。being given指正在进行的演讲;to be given将要发表的演讲。having been given则强调时间先后,指的是此动作发生在谓语动词follow的动作之前。句意:发表演讲之后,接下来是现场提问时间。故D正确。‎ 考点:考查非谓语动词用法 ‎【名师点睛】本题考查非谓语。a lively question-and-answer session followed是一个完整的句子,本题的两部分之间缺少连词,所以逗号前面的不能是句子,只能是一个独立主格结构。名词his lecture与动词give之间构成被动关系,所以使用过去分词表示被动,排除B项。A项表示正在进行,C项不定式表示将要进行。都可排除,D项having been done在做状语的时候相当于done。本句的独立主格结构His lecture having been given相当于After his lecture had been given。故D正确 ‎21.【2014·陕西卷】12. It’s quite hot today. Do you feel like _________ for a swim?‎ A. to go B. going C go D. having gone ‎ ‎【答案】B ‎【解析】试题分析:考查非谓语动词的用法。feel like后跟v-ing形式作宾语,排除A和C,having done表示已经发生的动作,根据语境,此处因为天热,询问对方是否想去游泳,故动作没有发生,因此选B。‎ 考点:考查非谓语动词的用法。‎ ‎【名师点睛】feel like是高中英语知识中一个常见的语法词汇。feel like的搭配 ‎1. 后接名词Do you feel like a rest? 你想休息一下吗?It feels like rain (snow). 像是要下雨(雪)的样子。‎ ‎2. 后接代词We’ll go for a walk if you feel like it. 你愿意的话,咱们就去散散步。“Why did you do that?” “Because I felt like it.” “你为什么那么做呢?”“因为我想那么做。”注:有时后接反身代词,表示觉得身体情况正常。如:I don’t feel like myself today. 我今天感到不太舒服。有时可省略介词 like。如He isn’t feeling himself this morning. 今天早上他感到不太舒服。3. 后接动名词I feel like catching a cold. 我像是感冒了。I felt like laughing, but I didn’t dare. 我想笑,但是不敢笑。After being ill I didn’t feel like eating but I managed to force something down. 我病后不想吃东西,不过还是勉强咽了一点。4. 后接句子I feel like I want to cry. 我觉得我想哭。注:后接句子时,其中的like相当于as if或as though。如:I felt like [as if, as though] I was swimming. 我觉得好像在游泳似的。本题属于第三种情况。‎ ‎22.【2014·陕西卷】20. ________ the difficult maths problem, I have consulted Professor Russell several times.‎ A. Working out B. Worked out C. To work out D. Work out ‎【答案】C ‎【知识拓展】不定式在句子中可作什么状语?‎ ‎1)目的状语。To… only to (仅仅为了), in order to, so as to, so(such)… as to… ‎ ‎(如此……以便……) 如:He ran so fast as to catch the first bus. 他飞快地跑以便赶上第一班车。I come here only to say good-bye to you. 我来仅仅是向你告别。 2)作结果状语,表事先没有预料到的,要放在句子后面。 如:What have I said to make you angry?我说什么让您生气了?He searched the room only to find nothing.他搜查了房间什么也没找到。 3) 表原因。如:I'm sorry to hear your father is ill听说你父亲病了很难过。‎ 考点:考查非谓语动词的用法。‎ ‎【名师点睛】本题考查不定式作目的状语。本题与2014年四川卷第7题相似— Good idea. To find more about it, visit this website.这里是动词不定式形式的非谓语动词做目的状语。 非谓语动词是高考的重要考点。一般现在分词表示主动的关系,而过去分词表示被动的关系,动词不定式的用法很多,通常是跟在一个动词后面形成的固定结构,能够分辨出具体试题中的关系就可以轻松解题。‎ ‎23.【2014·安徽卷】32.While waiting for the opportunity to get , Henry did his best to perform his duty.‎ A. promote B. promoted C. promoting D. to promote ‎【答案】B ‎【解析】‎ 试题分析:句意:当等待机会升职的时候,Henry尽最大努力履行他的职责。这里使用了get done结构,表示被动关系,因为he和promote是动宾关系,所以用get done结构。故选B。‎ ‎【知识拓展】‎ 考点:考查get+过去分词结构 get被用来代替助动词be和过去分词连用,构成被动结构,表示某一事件或事故的发生,着重强调动作。1.常见于以下两种情况: ① 谈论某人或某物的客观遭遇,往往表示一种突然的、未曾料到的偶发事件或事故,如: Some glasses got broken when we were moving. 我们搬家的时候有些玻璃杯被打碎了。② 谈论设法做到自己称心的事。当主语是人时,常可在get和过去分词之间插入一个反身代词,表示主语对动作的结果负有一定的责任,此时既含有被动意义,同时又含有主动意义, Our car gets cleaned about once every two months. 我们的车每两个月大约清洗一次。‎ ‎【名师点睛】本题考查非谓语动词。本题考察的非谓语动词的固定搭配“get+过去分词”,如“get burnt”被烫伤,get paid获得报酬;get ‎ done结构,表示被动关系,因为he和promote是动宾关系,所以用get done结构,本句中的get promoted获得提拔。‎ ‎24.【2014·湖南卷】21.Children,when ______ by their parents, are allowed to enter the stadium.‎ A. to be accompanied B. to accompany C. accompanying D. accompanied ‎【答案】D ‎【解析】‎ 试题分析:考查非谓语动词用法。句中的逻辑主语为children,与accompany之间为被动意义上的关系,故用过去分词作状语。句意:当有父母陪伴的时候,孩子们是允许进入体育馆的。故D正确。‎ 考点:考查非谓语动词用法 ‎【名师点睛】考查非谓语。还原句子:when children are accompanied by their parents, they are allowed to enter the stadium.主从句的主语一样,省略从句主语children,去掉系动词are,直接用accompanied,这也是省略的一种方式。在句子比较难以分辨的时候,考生可以采取还原句子的方式解题。‎ ‎25.【2014·湖南卷】____your own needs and styles of communication is as important as learning to convey your affection and emotions.‎ A. Understanding B. To be understood C. Being understood D. Having understood ‎【答案】A ‎【解析】‎ 试题分析:考查非谓语动词用法。不定式(短语)或动名词(短语)均可作主语,区别在于不定式常表示将来,是特指;而动名词表示一般情况,是泛指。而本句指的是普遍现象,属泛指,故用动名词较好。句意:理解你自身的需要及交际风格,同时会表达你的感情和情绪是一样重要。故A正确。‎ 考点:考查非谓语动词用法 ‎【名师点睛】考查非谓语。动词作主语时用动名词,语境陈述一个客观事实,”理解你自身的需要及交际风格”,所以用动名词的一般式。动名词的被动式表示一个被动的动作;动名词的完成式,表示一个已经完成的动作,这都不符合语境。故A 正确。考生要注意分辨不同形式动词的区别。‎ ‎26.【2014·湖南卷】27.There is no greater pleasure than lying on my back in the middle of the grassland, _____at the night sky.‎ A. to stare B. staring C. stared D, having stared ‎【答案】B ‎【解析】‎ 试题分析:考查非谓语动词用法。句中的动词stare的逻辑主语是隐含主语I,两者之间为主动关系,故用现在分词。句意:没有比背躺在草地中间,盯着夜空更快乐的事情了。故B正确。‎ 考点:考查非谓语动词用法 ‎【名师点睛】考查非谓语。本题与2015年北京卷第23题相似,.The park was full of people, enjoying themselves in the sunshine. 本题考查学生对非谓语动词的掌握情况,是伴随状语,从本题来看主句的主语she与动词stare构成逻辑上的主动关系,因此用v.ing形式作伴随状语。‎ ‎27.【2014·湖南卷】30.______ what you’re doing today important, because you’re trading a day of your life for it A. Make B. To make C. Making D. Made ‎【答案】A ‎【解析】‎ 试题分析:考查动词用法。根据句中的连词because,可以排除前一句用非谓语动词。用于表达命令、请求、劝告、警告、禁止等的句子叫做祈使句。句意:让你今天所做的重要,因为你在经营你生命中的一天。故A正确。‎ 考点:考查动词用法 ‎【名师点睛】本题考查祈使句。近年来,高考更加侧重对祈使句的考查。祈使句(Imperative Sentence)用于表达命令、请求、劝告、警告、禁止等。祈使句因对象(即主语)是第二人称,所以通常都省略。祈使句的动词都为一般现在时,句末则使用感叹号来表示结束。例:Go and wash your hands.(去洗你的手。——命令)Be quiet,please.(Please be quiet.)(请安静。——请求)Be kind to our sister.(对姊妹要和善。——劝告)Watch your steps.(走路小心。——警告)。‎ ‎28.【2014·湖南卷】35. ourselves from the physical and mental tensions,we each need deep thought and inner quietness.‎ A. Having freed B. Freed C. To free D. Freeing ‎【答案】C 考点:考查非谓语动词用法 ‎【名师点睛】本题与2014年陕西卷第20题相似。To work out the difficult math problem, I have consulted Professor Russell several times. 用不定式作目的状语,不定式在句子作状语的用法如下:1)目的状语。To… only to (仅仅为了), in order to, so as to, so(such)… as to… (如此……以便……) 如:He ran so fast as to catch the first bus. 他飞快地跑以便赶上第一班车。I come here only to say good-bye to you. 我来仅仅是向你告别。 2)作结果状语,表事先没有预料到的,要放在句子后面。 如:What have I said to make you angry?我说什么让您生气了?He searched the room only to find nothing.他搜查了房间什么也没找到。 3) 表原因。如:I'm sorry to hear your father is ill听说你父亲病了很难过。‎ ‎29.【2014·浙江卷】14. Annie Salmon, disabled, is attended throughout her school days by a nurse _______ to guard her.‎ ‎   A. to appoint         B. appointing            C. appointed           D. having appointed ‎【答案】C ‎【试题分析】这里a nurse与appoint(任命)之间是被动关系,故排除ABD,这里是过去分词短语作定语。故选C。句意:Amie Salmon是一个残疾人,她在上学期间有一个指定的护士来照顾她。‎ 考点:考查非谓语动词。‎ ‎【名师点睛】分词主语和分词动作之间构成逻辑上的动宾关系,且动作已完成,故用过去分词。考生要抓住非谓语动词考点做题重要原则:非谓语动词作状语,其逻辑主语构成动宾关系是用-ed形式。构成独立主格结构。掌握这些规则做题就较为轻松了。‎ ‎2013年高考英语试题分类汇编之单项填空 专题07—非谓语动词 ‎1. [2013·山东卷] ________ at the cafeteria before, Tina didn't want to eat there again.‎ A. Having eaten B. To eat C. Eat D. Eating ‎【答案与解析】A 考查非谓语动词。从句中的again可知,Tina已经在这家自助餐馆吃过饭,再根据句中的before,空格中这个动作要发生在didn't want之前,eat与Tina是主动的关系,故用现在分词的完成时。句意:Tina以前在这家自助餐馆吃过饭,她不想再在那里吃了。‎ ‎【名师点睛】首先要分析句子知道非谓语动词是做的什么成分,然后根据和修饰语的关系决定是现在分词还是过去分词或者不定式。这题是作状语,Tina和eat是主动关系,用现在分词做状语。还要考虑非谓语动词是发生在主句的动作之前,用现在分词的完成式。‎ ‎2. [2013·山东卷] I stopped the car ________ a short break as I was feeling tired.‎ A. take B. taking C. to take D. taken ‎【答案与解析】C 考查非谓语动词。我停下车的目的是想休息一下。to take a short break是不定式短语作目的状语。句意:我停下车休息一下,因为我感到累了。‎ ‎【名师点睛】做题时首先分析句子看这里需要什么成分。通过这句话的句意可知这里是作目的状语。在非谓语动词中只有不定式是作目的状语的,而且一般放在句首,也有放在句中的。这里相当于so as to do sth。‎ ‎3. [2013·山东卷] The room is empty except for a bookshelf ________ in one corner.‎ A.standing B. to stand C. stands D. stood ‎【答案与解析】A 考查非谓语动词。句子中已经有谓语is,bookshelf与stand是主动的关系,用现在分词作定语,修饰bookshelf。句意:除了一个书架屹立在一个墙角,这间屋子空空的。‎ ‎【名师点睛】当分词做定语的时候,如果构成分词的动词与名词构成主动关系,就使用现在分词做定语;当二者构成被动关系,使用过去分词做定语。单独的一个分词做定语要放在名词的前面,分词短语做定语要放在分词的后面。‎ ‎4. [2013·江西卷] If ________ to look after luggage for someone else, inform the police at once.‎ A. asked B. to ask C. asking D. having asked ‎【答案与解析】A 考查非谓语动词。句意:如果被要求为他人照看包裹,请立即通知警察。主句为祈使句,省略了主语you,根据语境可知,you与ask之间为动宾关系,故选A项。‎ ‎【名师点睛】当状语从句的主语与主句的主语一致,且状语从句中有系动词be的时候,可以把状语从句的主语和be动词一起省略。如果状语从句中有it is的时候,it is 也可以省略。‎ ‎5. [2013·江苏] Shortly after suffering from a massive earthquake and ________ to ruins, the city took on a new look.‎ A.reducing B.reduced C.being reduced D.having reduced ‎【答案与解析】C 考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知,空格处应与前面的suffering并列,作介词after的宾语,同时动词reduce与逻辑主语the city之间构成动宾关系,所以用动名词的被动形式,故选C项。‎ ‎【名师点睛】考查动名词的用法。动名词可以做介词和动词的宾语,这里介词后面有两个并列的宾语,and后面是动名词,还要注意短语搭配be reduced to ruins。用be动词的动名词。‎ ‎6. [2013·辽宁卷] Laura was away in Paris for over a week.When she got home, there was a pile of mail ________ for her.‎ A.waited B.to wait C.waiting D.was waiting ‎【答案与解析】C 考查非谓语动词。a pile mail和wait是主动关系,所以用现在分词。句意“当她回家时,一大堆邮件正等着她处理”。‎ ‎【名师点睛】当分词做定语的时候,如果构成分词的动词与名词构成主动关系,就使用现在分词做定语;当二者构成被动关系,使用过去分词做定语。单独的一个分词做定语要放在名词的前面,分词短语做定语要放在分词的后面。‎ ‎7. [2013·湖南卷] ________ warm at night, I would fill the woodstove, then set my alarm clock for midnight so I could refill it.‎ ‎ A. Staying B. Stayed C. To stay D. Stay ‎【答案与解析】C  考查非谓语动词。句意:为了晚上保暖,我往火炉中添了木材,又设置了午夜闹铃以便及时添加。此处“保暖”是“添加木材”的目的,故用不定式表示。‎ ‎【名师点睛】做题时首先分析句子看这里需要什么成分。通过这句话的句意可知这里是作目的状语。在非谓语动词中只有不定式是作目的状语的,而且一般放在句首,相当于in order to ‎ do sth。‎ ‎8. [2013·江苏] Lionel Messi ,________the record for the most goals in a calendar year,is considered the most talented football player in Europe.‎ A.set B.setting C.to set D.having set ‎【答案与解析】D 考查非谓语动词。句意为:Lionel Messi在一年内打破进球最多的记录,被认为是欧洲最有天赋的足球运动员。动词set在主句的谓语动词consider之前发生,且与逻辑主语Lionel Messi表主谓关系,所以用现在分词的完成式,故选D项。‎ ‎【名师点睛】首先要分析句子知道非谓语动词是做的什么成分,然后根据和修饰语的关系决定是现在分词还是过去分词或者不定式。这题是作状语,Lionel Messi和set是主动关系,用现在分词做状语。还要考虑非谓语动词是发生在主句的动作之前,用现在分词的完成式。‎ ‎9 [2013·湖南卷] The sun began to rise in the sky, ________ the mountain in golden light.‎ ‎ A. bathed B. bathing C. to have bathed D. having bathed ‎【名师点睛】首先要分析句子知道非谓语动词是做的什么成分,然后根据和修饰语的关系决定是现在分词还是过去分词或者不定式。这题是作状语,The sun和bath是主动关系,用现在分词做状语。‎ ‎10. [2013·湖南卷] You cannot accept an opinion ________ to you unless it is based on facts.‎ ‎ A. offering B. to offer C. having offered D. offered ‎【答案与解析】D  考查非谓语动词。句意:你不能接受别人给你提出的建议,除非该建议是基于事实的。过去分词offered作定语修饰名词opinion,与该名词构成逻辑上的被动关系。‎ ‎【名师点睛】当分词做定语的时候,如果构成分词的动词与名词构成主动关系,就使用现在分词做定语;当二者构成被动关系,使用过去分词做定语。单独的一个分词做定语要放在名词的前面,分词短语做定语要放在分词的后面。‎ ‎11. [2013·福建卷] Anyone, once ________ positive for H7N9 flu virus, will receive ‎ free medical treatment from our government.‎ A. to be tested B. being tested C. tested D. to test ‎【答案与解析】C 考查非谓语动词的用法。本句意为:任何人一旦被检出H7N9流感病毒呈阳性,都将接受政府的免费治疗。不定式作状语只用于表目的和意外结果,其他形式的状语均由分词担当。根据句意,此处应为条件状语或时间状语,可先排除不定式的答案。being tested是现在分词的被动语态,表示一件正在发生的被动动作,不符合句意,故答案应为C。‎ ‎【名师点睛】当状语从句的主语与主句的主语一致,且状语从句中有系动词be的时候,可以把状语从句的主语和be动词一起省略。做题时,可以用还原法,还可以利用这点找到主句。‎ ‎12. [2013·北京卷] When we saw the road ________ with snow, we decided to spend the holiday at home. ‎ A. block B. to block C. blocking D. blocked ‎【答案与解析】D 考查非谓语动词。路是被堵的,所以此空应填入一个表示“路已经被堵”的动词形式,所以选D。‎ ‎【名师点睛】表示感觉或心理状态的动词.如:see, watch, observe, look at, hear, listen to, feel, notice, think等;2.表示"致使"意义的动词.如:have, make, let,都可以接现在分词做宾语补足语。表示和宾语的主动和进行的关系。‎ ‎13. [2013·福建卷] ________ basic first-aid techniques will help you respond quickly to emergencies.‎ A. Known B. Having known C. Knowing D. Being known ‎【答案与解析】C 考查非谓语动词的用法。动名词在本句中作主语,此处表示一般情况,用一般式;having known 是完成式,表示动作已经完成或先于谓语动词发生。句意为: 懂得一些基本的急救技巧将有助于你对紧急情况作出快速应对。‎ ‎【名师点睛】动名词可以做主语,宾语,表语,定语,除用作动词的宾语外,还可用作介词的宾语。动名词前面可以加逻辑主语,这句话只有主语部分,要还原句子才能看出这是动名词做主语的。‎ ‎14. [2013·北京卷] _______ the course very difficult, she decided to move to a lower level.‎ A. Find B. Finding C. To find D. Found ‎【答案与解析】B 考查非谓语动词。在发现课程非常难的同时,她决定转移到较低层次。finding表示伴随,是主动和进行的用法。‎ ‎【名师点睛】首先要分析句子知道非谓语动词是做的什么成分,然后根据和修饰语的关系决定是现在分词还是过去分词或者不定式。这题是作伴随状语,she和find是主动关系,用现在分词做状语。‎ ‎15. [2013·安徽卷] ________in the early 20th century, the school keeps on inspiring children's love of art.‎ ‎ A.To found B.Founding C.Founded D.Having founded ‎【答案与解析】C  考查过去分词作状语。found与逻辑主语the school之间是被动关系,且已经完成,故用其过去分词形式作时间状语。解答非谓语动词的相关题时,先确定其逻辑主语,判断两者之间是主动关系还是被动关系,主动关系用现在分词,被动关系用过去分词。‎ ‎【名师点睛】首先要分析句子知道非谓语动词是做的什么成分,然后根据和修饰语的关系决定是现在分词还是过去分词或者不定式。这题是作状语,the school和found是被动关系,用过去分词做状语。‎ ‎16. [2013·北京卷] Volunteering gives you a chance ________ lives, including your own.‎ A. change B. changing C. changed D. to change ‎【答案与解析】D  考查非谓语动词。不定式表达的是未做的事情。‎ ‎【名师点睛】不定式及其短语作定语,与其他短语作定语一样,一般都放在被修饰的词之后,通常表示一个将来的动作,有时也可以表示某一过去的特定动作。一些名词后常用不定式作定语,如:chance(机会),way(方法),time(时间)等;另外,the first,the second,the last,the only等作名词或者它们作形容词用来修饰代词,它们或它们所修饰的代词后,也常用不定式作定语。不定式作定语时,不定式与被修饰词之间存在的关系复杂,有的是主谓关系;有的是动宾关系;有的是动状关系,还有的不存在主谓、动宾、动状关系。‎ ‎17. [2013·四川卷] ________ which university to attend,the girl asked her teacher for advice.‎ A. Not knowing B. Knowing not C. Not known D. Known not ‎【答案与解析】A 考查非谓语动词。此处the girl与know是主动关系,所以用knowing作原因状语,其否定是在分词前加not。句意:因为不知道上哪所大学,所以女孩向她的老师请教。‎ ‎【名师点睛】分析句子可知这题是作伴随状语,the girl和know是主动关系,用现在分词做状语。而且还涉及到非谓语动词的否定形式,非谓语动词的否定是在非谓语动词前面加not。‎ ‎18. [2013·四川卷] The airport ________ next year will help promote tourism in this area.‎ A. being completed B. to be completed C. completed D. having been completed ‎【答案与解析】B 考查非谓语动词。此处to be completed表将来、被动。 句意:将于明年建成的机场会有助于促进这个地区的旅游业。‎ ‎【名师点睛】这是考查非谓语动词做定语的用法,句中关键词next year说明动作是将要发生。而The airport和complete是被动关系,用不定式的被动做定语。‎ ‎19. [2013·天津卷] In some languages,100 words make up half of all words ________ in daily conversation.‎ A. using B. to use C.having used D.used ‎ ‎【答案与解析】D 考查非谓语动词。空格前的all words与use构成逻辑上的被动关系,需用过去分词。句意:在一些语言里,100个单词组成了日常会话里用的所有的单词的一半。‎ ‎【名师点睛】当分词做定语的时候,如果构成分词的动词与名词构成主动关系,就使用现在分词做定语;当二者构成被动关系,使用过去分词做定语。单独的一个分词做定语要放在名词的前面,分词短语做定语要放在分词的后面。‎ ‎20. [2013·课标全国卷Ⅱ] I got to the office earlier that day, ________ the 7:30 train from Paddington.‎ A.caught B. to have caught C. to catch D. having caught ‎【答案与解析】D 考查非谓语动词。句意:因为赶上了7点半从帕丁顿始发的火车,所以今天我到办公室比较早。此句考查分词作原因状语,having done表示分词的动作和主语是主动关系且发生在谓语动词动作之前。‎ ‎【名师点睛】这是一个易错题。如果学生不能正确理解句意可能认为这是不定式做目的状语。但是分析句子可知:到办公室不是为了赶上火车,而是先赶上火车,然后才早早到办公室的。这道题说明正确理解句意的重要性。‎ ‎21. [2013·新课标全国卷Ⅰ] They might just have a place ________on the writing course—why don't you give it a try?‎ A. leave B. left C. leaving D. to leave ‎【答案与解析】B  本题考查非谓语动词的用法。此处left作定语修饰a place。句意:他们可能还有个预留的学习写作课的机会,你为什么不试一试呢?‎ ‎【名师点睛】当分词做定语的时候,如果构成分词的动词与名词构成主动关系,就使用现在分词做定语;当二者构成被动关系,使用过去分词做定语。单独的一个分词做定语要放在名词的前面,分词短语做定语要放在分词的后面。‎ ‎22. [2013·新课标全国卷Ⅰ] The driver wanted to park his car near the roadside but was asked by the police ________.‎ ‎ A.not to do B. not to C. not do D. do not ‎【名师点睛】这里涉及到不定式的省略式。为了避免重复已经出现的动词,以不定式to来代替整个不定式结构,如果在省略的动词不定式结构中含有be, have或have been,通常保留be, have been。又如:—Are you on holidays?   —你在度假吗?—No, but I’d like to be. —不是,但我倒愿意。‎ ‎23.[2013·新课标全国卷Ⅰ] The sunlight is white and blinding, ________ hard-edged shadows on the ground.‎ ‎ A. throwing B.being thrown C.to throw D.to be thrown ‎【答案与解析】A  本题考查非谓语动词的用法。句子主语the sunlight和throw是主动关系,故用现在分词。此处是现在分词短语作结果状语,表示自然的结果。故选A。句意:阳光炽白炫目,在地上投下浓重的阴影。‎ ‎【名师点睛】首先要分析句子知道非谓语动词是做的什么成分,然后根据和修饰语的关系决定是现在分词还是过去分词或者不定式。这题是作结果状语,The sunlight和throw是主动关系,用现在分词做状语。‎ ‎24. [2013·重庆卷] When I was little, my mother used to sit by my bed, ________ me stories till I fell asleep.‎ A.having told B.telling C.told D.to tell ‎【答案与解析】B  考查非谓语动词。telling me stories结构作伴随状语。‎ ‎【名师点睛】首先要分析句子知道非谓语动词是做的什么成分,然后根据和修饰语的关系决定是现在分词还是过去分词或者不定式。这题是作伴随状语,my mother和tell是主动关系,用现在分词做状语。‎ ‎25. [2013·重庆卷] The engine just won't start.Something seems ________ wrong with it.‎ A.to go B.to have gone C.going D.having gone ‎【答案与解析】B 考查非谓语动词。seem后应接不定式,但又要表达不定式动作先于seem动作发生,所以用不定式的完成式。‎ ‎【名师点睛】这题考查的是不定式作宾语的用法。seem后应接不定式,根据不同的时间又分成:seem to do;seem to be doing;seem to have done。这里表达不定式动作先于seem动作发生,所以用不定式的完成式。‎ ‎26. [2013·陕西卷] The witnesses by the police just now gave very different descriptions of the fight.‎ ‎ A. questioned B. being questioned C. to be questioned D. having questioned ‎【答案与解析】A考查非谓语动词。非谓语动词作后置定语修饰witnesses,其逻辑主语就是所修饰的名词witnesses,非谓语动词与逻辑主语之间是被动关系,且其动作在谓语动词动作发生之前已经完成,用过去分词,故选A。句意:警察们刚才询问的目击者们对于打斗过程的描述出入很大。‎ ‎【名师点睛】当分词做定语的时候,如果构成分词的动词与名词构成主动关系,就使用现在分词做定语;当二者构成被动关系,使用过去分词做定语。单独的一个分词做定语要放在名词的前面,分词短语做定语要放在分词的后面。‎ ‎27. [2013·陕西卷]Let those in need that we will go all out to help them.‎ ‎ A. to understand B. understand C. understanding D. Understood ‎【答案与解析】B考查非谓语动词。所填的非谓语动词作使役动词let的宾语补足语,常用省略to的动词不定式,即动词原形,故选B。句意:让那些需要的人明白我们将倾我们所能帮助他们。‎ ‎【名师点睛】这里考查的是非谓语动词作宾语补足语的用法。表示感觉或心理状态的动词.如:see, watch, observe, look at, hear, listen to, feel, notice, think等;2.表示"致使"意义的动词.如:have, make, let,都可以接省略to的不定式作宾语补足语。但是如果是被动形式要还原to。‎ ‎28.【2013浙江】______how others react to the book you have just read creates an added pleasure.‎ A. Hearing B. Hear C. Having heard D. To be hearing ‎【答案与解析】 A考查非谓语动词。在该句中,要注意区分现在分词和动名词的用法。根据句子结构知,此处create前面的主语应该是_____how others react to the book you have just read,其中you have just read是定语从句修饰the book,所以此处空格中应该用动名词形式,故选A项。‎ ‎【名师点睛】动名词可以做主语,宾语,表语,定语,除用作动词的宾语外,还可用作介词的宾语。动名词前面可以加逻辑主语,这句话只有主语部分,要还原句子才能看出这是动名词做主语的。‎ ‎29.【2013浙江】19. There are some health problems that, when ______ in time, can become bigger ones later on.‎ A. not treated B. not being treated C. not to be treated D. not have been treated ‎【名师点睛】状语从句是对动词或者句子的整个谓语动词,对状语从句的考查也是集中在连接词的选择上,要根据句子的意思来选择契合句意的连接词,同时要注意句子成分的分析。如果状语从句要省略,必须符合条件,而且省略主语和be动词。‎ 如果主句的主语和从句的主语一致,且状语从句的谓语动词中有 be 动词,从句的主语连同be 可一起省略,该类状语从句多为时间、地点、条件、方式或让步等,连词为when, while, though, if, unless, although, as if 等,后面通常接分词、不定式、形容词、名词等。‎ ‎ ‎

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