动词过去式变化规则及其读音规则
规则动词的过去式变化如下:
1、一般情况下,动词词尾加 -ed ,如:
work ---worked play---played wanted----wanted act----acted
2、以不发音的 -e 结尾动词,动词词尾加 -d,如:
live---lived move----moved taste---tasted hope---hoped
3、以辅音字母 + y结尾的动词,把-y变为-i 再加-ed,如:
study---studied copy---copied cry---cried carry---carried
4、以一个辅音字母结尾的重读闭音节动词,双写词尾辅音字母,再加 -ed,如:
stop ---stopped
5、不规则动词的过去式变化规律性不强,须多加记忆。
go – went make – made get – got buy - bought come - came fly-flew
.动词ing形式的用法
1.正在进行时中,谓语动词后加ing. 如:I'm playing football.
2.一些特殊表达..如:
be good at doing sth
enjoy doing sth.
be busy doing
feel like doing
thank you for doing
do some cooking/cleaning/reading/shopping/washing
go swimming/fishing/shopping/skating/boating
二.动词现在分词由动词原形在词尾加ing构成,其规则如下:
1)一般情况下直接加ing
think---thinking sleep---sleeping
study---studying speak---speaking
carry---carrying say---saying
2)以不发音的字母e结尾的单词,去掉字母e,再加ing
wake---waking make---making come---coming
take---taking leave---leaving have---having
特殊单词(see—seeing)
3)以重读闭音节结尾,呈现“辅,元,辅”结构的动词,先双写末尾的辅音字母,再加ing。初中学过的这类词有:begin,cut, get, hit, run, set, sit, spit, stop, swim, beg, drop, fit, nod, dig, forget, regret, rid, 等。 (visit 不是以重读闭音节结尾,不用双写) travel虽然重读第一音节,词尾音节不重读,但是现在分词仍要双写末尾辅音字母,然后再加ing,如:travel---travelling.
4)以 y 结尾的动词 直接加 ing
carry—— carrying enjoy——enjoying
5)以ie结尾的动词,把ie改为y ,再加ing die---dying lie---lying
要特别注意有些动词没有进行时态。
1、表示状态、思想、感情和感觉的动词,如:see, hear, love, know, want, hope, think等,没有进行时态。
2、当have/has作为“拥有”时,没有进行时态,但表示“开会,吃饭,玩得高兴”等意思时,可以用进行时表达。
I am having many books. (这是错误的句子)
I am having a good time. (这才是正确的句子)
不规则动词的过去式的构成
1.把动词原形中的i改为a,变成过去式。如:
begin—began,drink—drank,give—gave,ring—rang,sing—sang,sit—sat,swim—swam
2.把重读开音节中的i改为o,变成过去式。如:
drive—drove,ride—rode,write—wrote
3.改动词原形中的aw /ow为ew,变成过去式。如:
draw—drew,grow—grew,know—knew,throw—threw(动词show除外,show—showed)
4.动词原形中的e改为o,变成过去式。如:
get—got,forget—forgot X Kb 1.Co m
5.动词原形中的ee改为e,变成过去式。如:
feed—fed,meet—met
6.动词原形中的eep改为ept,变成过去式。如:
keep—kept,sleep—slept,sweep—swept
7.动词原形中的eak改为oke,变成过去式。如:
break—broke,speak—spoke
8.动词原形中的ell改为old,变成过去式。如:
sell—sold,tell—told
9.动词原形中的an改为oo,变成过去式。如:
stand—stood,understand—understood
10.以ought和aught结尾,且读音是〔 :t〕的过去式。如:
bring—brought,buy— bought,think—thought,catch—caught,teach—taught
11.以ould结尾且读音为〔ud〕的情态动词过去式。如:
can—could,shall—should,will—would
12.把动词原形中的o改为a,变成过去式。如:
come—came,become—became
13.在动词原形后加d或t变成过去式,并且发生音变。如:
hear〔hi 〕—heard〔h :d〕, say〔sei〕—said〔sed〕,mean〔mi:n〕—meant〔ment〕
14.动词的过去式与动词原形一样。如:
let—let,must—must,put—put,read—read〔red〕
15.不符合上述规律的动词过去式。如:
am,is—was,are—were,build—built,do—did,eat—ate,fall—fell,feel—felt,find—found,fly—flew,go—went,have /has— had,hold—held,leave—left,make—made,may—might,run—ran,see—saw,take—took