2018年高考题
A【2018·浙江卷】
In 1812, the year Charles Dickens was born, there were 66 novels published in Britain. People had been writing novels for a century—most experts date the first novel to Robinson Crusoe in 1719—
but nobody wanted to do it professionally. The steam-powered printing press was still in its early stages; the literacy（识字） rate in England was under 50%. Many works of fiction appeared without the names of the authors, often with something like “By a lady.”Novels, for the most part, were looked upon as silly, immoral, or just plain bad.
In 1870, when Dickens died, the world mourned him as its first professional writer and publisher, famous and beloved, who had led an explosion in both the publication of novels and their readership and whose characters — from Oliver Twist to Tiny Tim— were held up as moral touchstones. Today Dickens’ greatness is unchallenged. Removing him from the pantheon（名人堂） of English literature would make about as much sense as the Louvre selling off the Mona Lisa.
How did Dickens get to the top? For all the feelings readers attach to stories, literature is a numbers game, and the test of time is extremely difficult to pass. Some 60,000 novels were published during the Victorian age, from 1837 to1901; today a casual reader might be able to name a half-dozen of them. It’s partly true that Dickens’ style of writing attracted audiences
from all walks of life. It’s partly that his writings rode a wave of social, political and scientific progress. But it’s also that he rewrote the culture of literature and put himself at the center. No one will ever know what mix of talent, ambition, energy and luck made Dickens such a singular writer. But as the 200th anniversary of his birth approaches, it is possible — and important for our own culture—to understand how he made himself a lasting one.
21. Which of the following best describes British novels in the 18th century?
A. They were difficult to understand.
B. They were popular among the rich.
C. They were seen as nearly worthless.
D. They were written mostly by women.
22. Dickens is compared with the Mona Lisa in the text to stress________.
A. his reputation in France
B. his interest in modern art
C. his success in publication
D. his importance in literature
23. What is the author’s purpose in writing the text?
A. To remember a great writer.
B. To introduce an English novel.
C. To encourage studies on culture.
D. To promote values of the Victorian age.
【答案】21. C 22. D 23. A
【解析】本文写于Charles Dickens诞辰200周年前夕，介绍了Charles Dickens在英国小说方面的重要贡献和深远影响。
22. 推理判断题。根据第二段Dickens’ greatness is unchallenged.和列举的Charles Dickens小说的影响可知，把他和Mona Lisa相比是为了说明Charles Dickens在英国小说方面的重要性和Mona Lisa在绘画方面的重要性是一样的，故选D。
23. 写作意图题。根据文中对Charles Dickens及其作品在英国小说史上重要性的描写，和文章最后But as the 200th anniversary of his birth approaches, it is possible — and important for our own culture—to understand how he made himself a lasting one.可知本文是写于Charles Dickens诞辰200周年前夕，由此可知作者写本文是为了纪念这位伟大的作家。故选A。
【点睛】
推理判断题要求在理解表面文字的基础上，做出判断和推论，从而得到文章的隐含的意思和深层的意思，也就是通过文章中的文字信息，上下逻辑关系及事物的发展变化等已知的信息，推断出作者没有直接表达的态度和观点。
本文推理判断题的考法：
1. 推测文章的观点或结论。小题1要求判断18世纪英国小说的现状，根据第一段对当时情况的描写nobody wanted to do it professionally. The steam-powered printing press was still in its early stages; the literacy rate in England was under 50%.Novels, were looked upon as silly, immoral, or just plain bad.可知当时印刷技术落后，人们识字率低，小说被认为是愚蠢的不正常的，毫无价值可言。
2. 推测作者写作目的或意图。小题3判断本文的写作目的，根据文中对Charles Dickens及其作品在英国小说史上重要性的描写，和文章最后But as the 200th anniversary of his birth approaches, it is possible — and important for our own culture—to understand how he made himself a lasting one.可知本文是写于Charles Dickens诞辰200周年前夕，由此推断作者写本文是为了纪念这位伟大的作家。
B【2018·天津卷】
When I was 17, I read a magazine article about a museum called the McNay, once the home of a watercolorist named Marian McNay. She had requested the community to turn it into a museum upon her death. On a sunny Saturday, Sally and I drove over to the museum. She asked, "Do you have the address? ""No, but I'll recognize it, there was a picture in the magazine. "
"Oh, stop. There it is!”
The museum was free. We entered, excited. A group of people sitting in the hall stopped talking and stared at us.
"May I help you?" a man asked. "No, "I said. "We're fine.” Tour guides got on my nerves. What if they talked a long time about a painting you weren't that interested in? Sally had gone upstairs. The people in the hall seemed very nosy(爱窥探的), keeping their eyes on me with curiosity. What was their problem? I saw some nice sculptures in one room. Suddenly I sensed a man standing behind me. "Where do you think you are? " he asked. I turned sharply. "The McNay Art Museum!" He smiled, shaking his head. "Sorry, the McNay is on New Braunfels Street." "What’s this place?” I asked, still confused. "Well, it's our home." My heart jolted(震颤). I raced to the staircase and called out, "Sally! Come down immediately! "
"There's some really good stuff(艺术作品) up there." She stepped down, looking confused. I
pushed her toward the front door, waving at the family, saying, "Sorry, please forgive us, you have a really nice place." Outside, when I told Sally what happened, she covered her mouth, laughing. She couldn't believe how long they let us look around without saying anything.
The real McNay was splendid, but we felt nervous the whole time we were there. Van Gogh, Picasso. This time, we stayed together, in case anything else unusual happened.
Thirty years later, a woman approached me in a public place. "Excuse me, did you ever enter a residence, long ago, thinking it was the McNay Museum?"
"Yes. But how do you know? We never told anyone."
"That was my home. I was a teenager sitting in the hall. Before you came over, I never realized what a beautiful place I lived in. I never felt lucky before. You thought it was a museum. My feelings about my home changed after that. I've always wanted to thank you."
41. What do we know about Marian McNay?
A. She was a painter.
B. She was a community leader.
C. She was a museum director.
D. She was a journalist.
42. Why did the author refuse the help from the man in the house?
A. She disliked people who were nosy.
B. She felt nervous when talking to strangers.
C. She knew more about art than the man.
D. She mistook him for a tour guide.
43. How did the author feel about being stared at by the people in the hall?
A. Puzzled. B. Concerned.
C. Frightened. D. Delighted.
44. Why did the author describe the real McNay museum in just a few words?
A. The real museum lacked enough artwork to interest her.
B. She was too upset to spend much time at the real museum.
C. The McNay was disappointing compared with the house.
D. The event happening in the house was more significant.
45. What could we learn from the last paragraph?
A. People should have good taste to enjoy life.
B. People should spend more time with their family.
C. People tend to be blind to the beauty around them.
D. People tend to educate teenagers at a museum.
【答案】41. A 42. D 43. A 44. D 45. C
【解析】本文是一篇记叙文。文章作者和朋友原想参观McNay博物馆，到了之后参观的时候，发现很多人奇怪的看着她，最后才发现自己误将一个私人住宅当成McNay博物馆。30年后，一位女士认出误撞入自己住宅的作者，指出正是因为作者的误撞入才让她意识到自己住的地方有多么美丽。
41. 细节理解题。根据文章第一段When I was 17, I read a magazine article about a museum called the McNay, once the home of a watercolorist named Marian McNay.可知，Marian McNay是一名水彩画家。故选A。
42. 细节理解题。根据文章第四段"May I help you?" a man asked. "No, "I said. "We're fine.” Tour guides got on my nerves.可知，导游令作者心烦，作者误认为屋子里的男人是位导游。故选D。
43. 推理判断题。根据文章第四段The people in the hall seemed very nosy(爱窥探的), keeping their eyes on me with curiosity. What was their problem?（大厅的人看起来都非常爱窥探的，眼睛不停的好奇的看着我。他们有什么问题？）可以推断出，作者当时感到困惑不解。故选A。
【点睛】本文是叙事性的文章，文章有一定的趣味性，整体难度中等，考查主要以细节理解和推理判断两类题型。推理判断题属于主观性较强的高层次阅读理解题，做这类题目时，同学们要严格依据作者所陈述的细节、事实以及作者的措词、态度和语气，找出能够表露作者思想倾向和感情色彩的词句，然后利用自己已获得的相关知识进行推理判断，从而得出符合逻辑的结论。如小题3中考查作者被人盯着看的感受，我们需要找到文章中作者的措词nosy，curiosity和problem，可以推断出作者当时非常困惑不解的心理感受。
A【2018·北京卷】
My First Marathon（马拉松）
A month before my first marathon, one of my ankles was injured and this meant not running for two weeks, leaving me only two weeks to train. Yet, I was determined to go ahead.
I remember back to my 7th year in school. In my first P.E. class, the teacher required us to run laps and then hit a softball. I didn’t do either well. He later informed me that I was ＂not athletic＂.
The idea that I was ＂not athletic＂ stuck with me for years. When I started running in my 30s, I realized running was a battle against myself, not about competition or whether or not I was athletic. It was all about the battle against my own body and mind. A test of wills!
The night before my marathon, I dreamt that I couldn’t even find the finish line. I woke up sweating and nervous, but ready to prove something to myself.
Shortly after crossing the start line, my shoe laces(鞋带) became untied. So I stopped to readjust. Not the start I wanted!
At mile 3, I passed a sign: ＂GO FOR IT, RUNNERS!＂
By mile 17, I became out of breath and the once injured ankle hurt badly. Despite the pain, I stayed the course walking a bit and then running again.
By mile 21, I was starving!
As I approached mile 23, I could see my wife waving a sign. She is my biggest fan. She never minded the alarm clock sounding at 4 a.m. or questioned my expenses on running.
I was one of the final runners to finish. But I finished! And I got a medal. In fact, I got the same medal as the one that the guy who came in first place had.
Determined to be myself, move forward, free of shame and worldly labels(世俗标签), I can now call myself a ＂marathon winner＂.
36. A month before the marathon, the author ____________.
A. was well trained B. felt scared
C. made up his mind to run D. lost hope
37. Why did the author mention the P.E. class in his 7th year?
A. To acknowledge the support of his teacher.
B. To amuse the readers with a funny story.
C. To show he was not talented in sports.
D. To share a precious memory.
38. How was the author’s first marathon?
A. He made it. B. He quit halfway.
C. He got the first prize. D. He walked to the end.
39. What does the story mainly tell us?
A. A man owes his success to his family support.
B. A winner is one with a great effort of will.
C. Failure is the mother of success.
D. One is never too old to learn.
C2[2018•北京卷]
A
【要点综述】 本文是一篇故事类文章。作者记叙了没有运动天赋的他，在20多岁才开始长跑，但是一次在跑马拉松比赛前夕踝关节受伤，但他坚持不懈，最终实现了自我的故事。
36. C 细节理解题。根据文章第一段中的“Yet, I was determined to go ahead”可知，作者在马拉松前一个月下定决心要参加马拉松比赛。故选C。
37. C 写作意图题。根据文章第二段中的“He later informed me that I was "not athletic””可知，作者的经历证明他在运动方面并非很有天赋。故选C。
38. A 细节理解题。根据文章倒数第二段“I was one of the final runners to finish. But I finished! And I got a medal. In fact, I got the same medal as the one that the guy who came in first place had.”以及前文中作者行进经过的标志可知，虽然作者是最后到达终点的一批马拉松选手，但是他跑完了全程。故选A。
39. B 主旨大意题。根据文章最后一段“Determined to be myself, move forward, free of shame and worldly labels(世俗标签), I can now call myself a "marathon winner”.”可知，作者享受到了战胜自我的快乐，认为只要努力了就算是胜利者。故选B。
2017年高考题
人物传记类
C1[2017·浙江卷6月考]
A
Benjamin West, the father of American painting, showed his talent for art when he was only six
years of age. But he did not know about brushes before a visitor told him he needed one. In those days, a brush was made from camel's hair. There were no camels nearby. Benjamin decided that cat hair would work instead. He cut some fur from the family cat to make a brush.
The brush did not last long. Soon Benjamin needed more fur. Before long, the cat began to look ragged (蓬乱). His father said that the cat must be sick. Benjamin was forced to admit what he had been doing.
The cat's lot was about to improve. That year, one of Benjamin's cousins, Mr Pennington, came to visit. He was impressed with Benjamin's drawings. When he went home, he sent Benjamin a box of paint and some brushes. He also sent six engravings (版画) by an artist. These were the first pictures and first real paint and brushes Benjamin had ever seen.
In 1747，when Benjamin was nine years old，Mr Pennington returned for another visit. He was amazed at what Benjamin had done with his gift. He asked Benjamin's parents if he might take the boy back to Philadelphia for a visit.
In the city, Mr Pennington gave Benjamin materials for creating oil paintings. The boy began a landscape (风景) painting. William Williams, a well known painter，came to see him work. Williams was impressed with Benjamin and gave him two classic books on painting to take home. The books were long and dull. Benjamin could read only a little, having been a poor student. But he later said，“Those two books were my companions by day, and under my pillow at night.” While it is likely that he understood very little of the books，they were his introduction to classical paintings. The nine year old boy decided then that he would be an artist.
21．What is the text mainly about?
A. Benjamin's visit to Philadelphia.
B. Williams' influence on Benjamin.
C. The beginning of Benjamin's life as an artist.
D. The friendship between Benjamin and Pennington.
22．What does the underlined sentence in Paragraph 3 suggest?
A. The cat would be closely watched.
B. The cat would get some medical care.
C. Benjamin would leave his home shortly.
D. Benjamin would have real brushes soon.
23．What did Pennington do to help Benjamin develop his talent?
A. He took him to see painting exhibitions.
B. He provided him with painting materials.
C. He sent him to a school in Philadelphia.
D. He taught him how to make engravings.
24．Williams' two books helped Benjamin to ________．
A. master the use of paints
B. appreciate landscape paintings
C. get to know other painters
D. make up his mind to be a painter
【文章大意】 本文是一篇人物介绍类的记叙文，主要讲述了美国绘画之父本杰明·韦斯特小时候绘画天赋的培养和他在6至9岁时受到的艺术启蒙教育。
21. C 主旨大意题。根据文章第一段首句“Benjamin West…showed his talent for art when…”，以及下文第四段首句提到的“In 1747, when Benjamin was nine years old…”和最后一段内容及最后一句“…boy decided then that he would be an artist.”，并结合全文可知，文章主要讲述了Benjamin West (本杰明·韦斯特)少年时代的艺术启蒙，特别是6～9岁阶段，所以C项能概括全文大意。
22. D 句意理解题。该句需要结合上下文来理解。根据上文第二段提到本杰明剪猫的毛来制作画笔，导致猫的“毁毛破相”，而第三段提到本杰明的堂兄Pennington给他送来了很多画画的颜料和画笔。由此我们可以推断，该下划线句子内容说明“猫的命运不久将得到改善”，而这一点可以从本杰明得到了很多画笔资助推断出来。故这句话隐含着“本杰明将很快不再需要用猫的毛制作画笔了，他将得到很多真正的画笔”的意思，答案选D项。
【名师点睛】
本文后两个小题考查了细节题。在完成细节题时，要特别注意排除干扰项。如【小题23】中的D项“He taught him how to make engravings”属于“偷梁换柱”类干扰项，根据第三段第五句“He also sent six engravings by an artist”可知“这些版画是Pennington送给Benjamin的”，并非是Pennington教Benjamin如何画版画，说明D项明显错误。
干扰项的设置方法通常有以下几种方式：
1. 张冠李戴。命题者把文章作者的观点与他人的观点混淆起来，题干问的是作者的观点，选项中出现的却是他人的观点；或者题干问的是他人的观点，却把作者的观点放到选项中去。
2. 偷梁换柱。干扰项用了与原文相似的句型结构和大部分相似的词汇，却在不易引人注意的地方换了几个词汇，造成句意的改变。
3. 无中生有。干扰项往往是生活的基本常识和普遍接受的观点，但在原文中并无相关的信息支持点，这种选项的设置往往与问题的设问毫不相干。
4. 以偏概全。考生在做猜测文章中心思想、给文章添加标题或判断推理题时，往往会犯以偏概全的错误。产生这类错误的原因是考生受思维定势的影响或考虑不周，以局部代替整体。其具体表现为合理关联与不合理关联、准确概括与不准确概括之间的错位。不合理关联就是表层理解与深层理解相混淆。表层理解是对文章中客观事实的感知和记忆，往往是文章直接表述的结论；深层理解则是对文章中的客观事实进行逻辑推理、总结或概括后得出的结论。不准确概括是指不能准确地按题目要求概括或提取文中的表层或深层信息。
考点：考查记叙文阅读
故事类
[2017·北京卷]
A
It was a cold March day in High Point, North Carolina. The girls on the Wesleyan Academy softball team were waiting for their next turns at bat during practice, stamping their feet to stay warm. Eighth grader Taylor Bisbee shivered(发抖) a little as she watched her teammate Paris White play. The two didn't know each other well—Taylor had just moved to town a month or so before.
Suddenly, Paris fell to the ground.“Paris's eyes rolled back，” Taylor says. “She started shaking. I knew it was an emergency.”
It certainly was. Paris had suffered a sudden heart failure. Without immediate medical care,
Paris would die. At first, no one moved. The girls were in shock. Then the softball coach shouted out, “Does anyone know CPR？”
CPR is a life saving technique. To do CPR, you press on the sick person's chest so that blood moves through the body and takes oxygen to organs. Without oxygen, the brain is damaged quickly.
Amazingly, Taylor had just taken a CPR course the day before. Still, she hesitated. She didn't think she knew it well enough. But when no one else came forward, Taylor ran to Paris and began doing CPR. “It was scary. I knew it was the difference between life and death，” says Taylor.
Taylor's swift action helped her teammates calm down. One girl called 911. Two more ran to get the school nurse, who brought a defibrillator, an electronic device(器械) that can shock the heart back into work. Luck stayed with them: Paris's heartbeat returned.
“I know I was really lucky，” Paris says now. “Most people don't survive this. My team saved my life.”
Experts say Paris is right: for a sudden heart failure, the single best chance for survival is having someone nearby step in and do CPR quickly.
Today, Paris is back on the softball team. Taylor will apply to college soon. She wants to be a nurse. “I feel more confident in my actions now，” Taylor says. “I know I can act under pressure in a scary situation.”
56．What happened to Paris on a March day?
A．She caught a bad cold.
B．She had a sudden heart problem.
C．She was knocked down by a ball.
D．She shivered terribly during practice.
57．Why does Paris say she was lucky?
A．She made a worthy friend.
B．She recovered from shock.
C．She received immediate CPR.
D．She came back on the softball team.
58．Which of the following words can best describe Taylor?
A．Enthusiastic and kind.
B．Courageous and calm.
C．Cooperative and generous.
D．Ambitious and professional.
【文章大意】 本文是一篇记叙文，讲述了垒球女孩 Paris 在打球的过程中突然心力衰竭， 队友 Taylor对其进行了紧急心肺复苏，Paris因此恢复了心跳的故事。文章旨在说明病人心力衰竭时， 其他人保持冷静并对其进行紧急心肺复苏的重要性。
56．B 细节理解题。 根据第三段中“It certainly was. Paris had suffered a sudden heart failure.”可知， Paris突然心力衰竭，所以答案为B。
57．C 推理判断题。根据第六段可知队友的协助使Paris得到了及时的救助，所以 Paris说自己很幸运。故答案为 C。
58．B 推理判断题。根据第五段中“But when no one else came forward, Taylor ran to Paris and began doing CPR.”可知Taylor非常的勇敢，以及第六段首句“Taylor's swift action helped her teammates calm down.”可知， Taylor是一个勇敢、冷静的女孩， 所以答案为 B。
【名师点睛】
故事类文章是高考阅读理解常选材料之一。这类文章常通过叙述突出人物性格特征或讲述个人经历与感悟，以及逸闻趣事。文章的要素有时间、地点、人物、事件等。有些是按事件发展的经过为主线叙述的，在叙述的过程中有详有略；有些是按时间的顺序叙述的，有顺叙、倒叙等。
解题技巧：
1、高考选用的此类文章常常为幽默类或情感类故事，其目的或阐明某种观点，或抨击某种陋习，或赞扬某种品德，所以要关注作者表达的个人感悟，提出的个人意见，或故事中出其不意的变化，而这些往往体现文章中心或写作意图，属于必考点。如本题中的第58题，总结人物品质的，Taylor根据自己所学的CPR知识及时的挽救了 Paris的生命，虽然犹豫了，但是很快地进行CPR抢救，说明她很勇敢，很镇静，不慌不忙，不像其他孩子那样陷入惊慌之中，故选B。
2、该类文章语言流畅、有趣，命题往往从故事的情节、人物或事件之间的关系、作者的意图和态度、故事的前因和后果等方面入手，考查学生对细节的辨认能力以及推理判断能力。这类文章同学们常有文章易懂，题目不易做的感觉。要注意培养自己快速阅读的习惯。切不可在个别难懂的词句上停留太久，耽误时间。
3
、对整篇短文内容有了一定的了解后，要马上看短文后的问题，带着问题去选择或判断答案。要确定所需查找的信息范围，并注意所查找信息的特点。例如：如果问题或选项涉及到人名、地名，就应该找首字母大写的单词；如果问题或选项涉及时间、日期、数字，就应该寻找具体的数据。
[2017·全国卷Ⅰ]
B
I work with Volunteers for Wildlife, a rescue and education organization at Bailey Arboretum in Locust Valley. Trying to help injured, displaced or sick creatures can be heartbreaking; survival is never certain. However, when it works, it is simply beautiful.
I got a rescue call from a woman in Muttontown. She had found a young owl(猫头鹰) on the ground. When I arrived, I saw a 2 to 3 week old owl. It had already been placed in a carrier for safety.
I examined the chick(雏鸟) and it seemed fine. If I could locate the nest, I might have been able to put it back, but no luck. My next work was to construct a nest and anchor it in a tree.
The homeowner was very helpful. A wire basket was found. I put some pine branches into the basket to make this nest safe and comfortable. I placed the chick in the nest, and it quickly calmed down.
Now all that was needed were the parents, but they were absent. I gave the homeowner a recording of the hunger screams of owl chicks. These advertise the presence of chicks to adults; they might also encourage our chick to start calling as well. I gave the owner as much information as possible and headed home to see what news the night might bring.
A nervous night to be sure，but sometimes the spirits of nature smile on us all! The homeowner called to say that the parents had responded to the recordings. I drove over and saw the chick in the nest looking healthy and active. And it was accompanied in the nest by the greatest sight of all—LUNCH！The parents had done their duty and would probably continue to do so.
24．What is unavoidable in the author's rescue work according to Paragraph 1?
A．Efforts made in vain.
B．Getting injured in his work.
C．Feeling uncertain about his future.
D．Creatures forced out of their homes.
25．Why was the author called to Muttontown?
A．To rescue a woman.
B．To take care of a woman.
C．To look at a baby owl.
D．To cure a young owl.
26．What made the chick calm down?
A．A new nest.
B．Some food.
C．A recording.
D．Its parents.
27．How would the author feel about the outcome of the event?
A．It's unexpected.
B．It's beautiful.
C．It's humorous.
D．It's discouraging.
【文章大意】 本文是一篇记叙文。本文主要介绍了作者救助一只小猫头鹰，给它做新的窝，帮助它回到父母身边的故事。
25. C 细节理解题。根据文章第二段中的“She had found a young owl(猫头鹰) on the ground. When I arrived, I saw a 2 to 3 week old owl.”可知，有人给作者打电话是因为有只小猫头鹰掉在地上了，作者赶过去看看情况。文中并没有说小猫头鹰受伤了，作者只是过去看情况，所以D选项错误。故选C。
26. A 细节理解题。根据文章第四段中的“I placed the chick in the nest, and it quickly calmed down.”可知，在作者把小猫头鹰放在窝里之后，它很快就平静下来，所以是窝让小猫头鹰平静下来的。故选A。
27. B 推理判断题。根据前文描述可知作者为小猫头鹰做了窝，并且帮助它找回了它的父母。作者的救助成功了，说明结局是美好的。再结合第一段的“However, when it works, it is simply beautiful.”可推测，作者感觉很美好。故选B。
【名师点睛】
尽管近几年高考英语阅读试题中推断题呈不断上升的趋势，但细节题仍然占有较大比例，而且已由过去简单的对号入座直接答题转向通过语句的同义或反义转换来考查考生对英语语言的理解能力，因此难度比往年有所增加。
对于直接信息的细节题来说，考生可以首先从问题中找到关键词，然后以此为线索，运用略读及查阅的技巧在文中迅速寻找这一细节，找到后再把这一部分内容仔细阅读一遍，仔细比较所给选项与文中细节的细微区别，在准确理解细节的前提下，最后确定最佳答案。
而细节理解题是介于事实细节题和推理判断题之间的一种题型，做这类题目时，考生需要对原文信息进行加工处理，然后再进行进一步的推理或鉴别，这对考生来说有一定难度。
例如第25题Why was the author called to Muttontown?作者为什么会被打电话喊去Muttontown呢？通过浏览后文考生都知道是和救助小猫头鹰有关，但C选项To look at a baby owl.和D选项To cure a young owl.中都涉及到了“小猫头鹰”，那到底是去“看小猫头鹰”还是去“治疗小猫头鹰”呢？毕竟文章第一段中介绍作者工作职责的句子I work with Volunteers for Wildlife, a rescue and education organization at Bailey Arboretum in Locust Valley.中出现了rescue“救援”这个单词。再加上后文又出现injured， displaced or sick creatures等单词，给考生的心理暗示就是被救助的小动物都是受伤的状态。有了前文的暗示，考生很有可能会选择D选项，认为作者接到电话后去Muttontown救助小猫头鹰。但实际上，小猫头鹰只是掉在地面上，并没有受伤。根据这一点，D选项就被排除了。所以正确答案是C选项。
[2017·全国卷Ⅱ]
B
I first met Paul Newman in 1968, when George Roy Hill, the director of Butch Cassidy and the Sundance Kid, introduced us in New York City. When the studio didn't want me for the film—it wanted somebody as well known as Paul—he stood up for me. I don't know how many people would have done that; they would have listened to their agents or the studio powers.
The friendship that grew out of the experience of making that film and The Sting four years later had its root in the fact that although there was an age difference, we both came from a tradition of theatre and live TV. We were respectful of craft(技艺)and focused on digging into the characters we were going to play. Both of us had the qualities and virtues that are typical of American actors: humorous, aggressive, and making fun of each other—but always with an underlying affection. Those were also at the core (核心)of our relationship off the screen.
We shared the belief that if you're fortunate enough to have success, you should put something
back—he with his Newman's Own food and his Hole in the Wall camps for kids who are seriously ill, and me with Sundance and the institute and the festival. Paul and I didn't see each other all that regularly, but sharing that brought us together. We supported each other financially and by showing up at events.
I last saw him a few months ago. He'd been in and out of the hospital.He and I both knew what the deal was，and we didn't talk about it.Ours was a relationship that didn't need a lot of words.
24．Why was the studio unwilling to give the role to the author at first?
A．Paul Newman wanted it.
B．The studio powers didn't like his agent.
C．He wasn't famous enough.
D．The director recommended someone else.
25．Why did Paul and the author have a lasting friendship?
A．They were of the same age.
B．They worked in the same theatre.
C．They were both good actors.
D．They had similar characteristics.
26．What does the underlined word “that” in Paragraph 3 refer to?
A．Their belief.
B．Their care for children.
C．Their success.
D．Their support for each other.
27．What is the author's purpose in writing the text?
A．To show his love of films.
B．To remember a friend.
C．To introduce a new movie.
D．To share his acting experience.
【文章大意】 这是一篇记叙文。作者深情地追忆了自己和Paul Newman志趣相投、信念相守的深厚的友情。
24. C 推理判断题。由第一段第二句“When the studio didn't want me for the film—it wanted somebody as well known as Paul…”可知，摄制组拒绝接纳“我”，因为“我”没有Paul
有名气，由此可以推断作者当时名气不足。
25. D 推理判断题。第二段第一句后半部分及后面的内容详细说明了作者和Paul的共同志向、追求与爱好。尽管两人年龄差距很大，但是因为性格相似、志趣相投而成为忘年交。
【名师点睛】
本文前三题均考查了细节题。在完成细节题时，要特别注意排除干扰项。
如24题中的A项“Paul Newman wanted it.”属于“颠倒黑白”类干扰项，根据“When the studio didn’t want me for the film— it wanted somebody as well known as Paul”可知制片人不想要我，他想要当时比较出名的演员Paul，说明A项明显错误。
干扰项的设置方法除了“颠倒黑白”之外，通常还有以下几种方式：
1. 张冠李戴。命题者把文章作者的观点与他人的观点混淆起来，题干问的是作者的观点，选项中出现的却是他人的观点；或者题干问的是他人的观点，却把作者的观点放到选项中去。
2. 偷梁换柱。干扰项用了与原文相似的句型结构和大部分相似的词汇，却在不易引人注意的地方换了几个词汇，造成句意的改变。
3. 无中生有。干扰项往往是生活的基本常识和普遍接受的观点，但在原文中并无相关的信息支持点，这种选项的设置往往与问题的设问毫不相干。
4. 以偏概全。考生在做猜测文章中心思想、给文章添加标题或判断推理题时，往往会犯以偏概全的错误。产生这类错误的原因是考生受思维定势的影响或考虑不周，以局部代替整体。其具体表现为合理关联与不合理关联、准确概括与不准确概括之间的错位。不合理关联就是表层理解与深层理解相混淆。表层理解是对文章中客观事实的感知和记忆，往往是文章直接表述的结论；深层理解则是对文章中的客观事实进行逻辑推理、总结或概括后得出的结论。不准确概括是指不能准确地按题目要求概括或提取文中的表层或深层信息。
考点：考查记叙文阅读
[2017·天津卷]
B
Fifteen years ago, I took a summer vacation in Lecce in southern Italy. After climbing up a hill for a panoramic(全景的) view of the blue sea, white buildings and green olive trees, I paused to catch my breath and then positioned myself to take the best photo of this panorama.
Unfortunately, just as I took out my camera, a woman approached from behind, and planted herself right in front of my view. Like me, this woman was here to stop, sigh and appreciate the view.
Patient as I was, after about 15 minutes, my camera scanning the sun and reviewing the shot I would eventually take, I grew frustrated. Was it too much to ask her to move so I could take just one picture of the landscape? Sure, I could have asked her, but something prevented me from doing so. She seemed so content in her observation. I didn't want to mess with that.
Another 15 minutes passed and I grew bored. The woman was still there. I decided to take the photo anyway. And now when I look at it, I think her presence in the photo is what makes the image interesting. The landscape, beautiful on its own, somehow comes to life and breathes because this woman is engaging with it.
This photo, with the unique beauty that unfolded before me and that woman who “ruined” it, now hangs on a wall in my bedroom. What would she think if she knew that her figure is captured(捕捉) and frozen on some stranger's bedroom wall? A bedroom, after all, is a very private space, in which some woman I don't even know has been immortalized(使……永存). In some ways, she lives in my house.
Perhaps we all live in each others' spaces. Perhaps this is what photos are for: to remind us that we all appreciate beauty, that we all share a common desire for pleasure, for connection, for something that is greater than us.
That photo is a reminder, a captured moment, an unspoken conversation between two women, separated only by a thin square of glass.
41．What happened when the author was about to take a photo?
A．Her camera stopped working.
B．A woman blocked her view.
C．Someone asked her to leave.
D．A friend approached from behind.
42．According to the author, the woman was probably ________．
A．enjoying herself
B．losing her patience
C．waiting for the sunset
D．thinking about her past
43．In the author's opinion, what makes the photo so alive?
A．The rich colour of the landscape.
B．The perfect positioning of the camera.
C．The woman's existence in the photo.
D．The soft sunlight that summer day.
44．The photo on the bedroom wall enables the author to better understand ________．
A．the need to be close to nature
B．the importance of private space
C．the joy of the vacation in Italy
D．the shared passion for beauty
45．The passage can be seen as the author's reflections upon ________．
A．a particular life experience
B．the pleasure of travelling
C．the art of photography
D．a lost friendship
【文章大意】 本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了作者本来想照一张最好的照片，结果一位女士一直待在那里毁了作者的想法。后来作者把那个人照了进来，而且还把那张照片挂在了卧室里。作者通过这件事意识到自己或许也是别人照片里的风景。
41. B 细节理解题。根据第二段中的“Unfortunately, just as I took out my camera, a woman approached from behind, and planted herself right in front of my view.”可知“我”刚要拍照，突然一位女士从后面靠近，挡了“我”的视线。
42. A 推理判断题。根据第二段最后一句“…sigh and appreciate the view.”以及第三段中的倒数第二句“She seemed so content in her observation.”可知这位女士沉浸在美丽的风景中，非常满足。
43. C 细节理解题。根据第四段中的最后一句“The landscape, beautiful on its own, somehow
comes to life and breathes because this woman is engaging with it.”可知“我”认为这张照片之所以有了生命力，是因为那位女士在照片中的存在。
44. D 推理判断题。根据倒数第二段中的“…to remind us that we all appreciate beauty, that we all share a common desire for pleasure, for connection, for something that is greater than us.”可知“我”从这张照片中更好地理解了人们对美景的共同的爱。
【名师点睛】这是一篇故事类短文，题目设置都以细节题为主，推理判断为辅。细节题一般就是文章出现的内容即是答案，也有推理判断题，就是不是通过题干的某个单词定位到文中能直接看出答案来的，要通过故事中所陈述的内容来推理判断。做题时不能流于表面。可以适当运用一些解题技巧。
做推理判断题要善于抓住某一段话中的关键信息，即某些关键词或短语去分析、推理、判断，利用逆向思维或正面推理，从而推断出这句话所隐含的深层含义。比如45题，问这篇文章是作者对___ 的思考，答案是根据最后三段内容推理出来的。
2016年高考题
1.【2016·全国新课标I】C
I am peter Hodes ,a volunteer stem courier. Since March 2012, I've done 89 trips of those , 51 have been abroad, I have 42 hours to carry stem cells（干细胞）in my little box because I've got two ice packs and that's how long they last, in all, from the time the stem cells are harvested from a donor(捐献者) to the time they can be implanted in the patient, we’ve got 72 hours at most, So I am always conscious of time.
I had one trip last year where I was caught by a hurricane in America. I picked up the stem cells in Providence, Rhode Island, and was meant to fly to Washington then back to London. But when I arrived at the check-in desk at Providence, the lady on the desk said: “Well, I’m really sorry, I’ve got some bad news for you-there are no fights from Washington.” So I took my box and put it on the desk and I said: “In this box are some stem cells that are urgently needed for a patient-please, please, you’ve got to get me back to the United Kingdom.” She just dropped everything. She arranged for a
flight on a small plane to be held for mere-routed(改道)me through Newark and got me back to the UK even earlier than originally scheduled.
For this courier job, you’re consciously aware than that box you’re got something that is potentially going to save somebody’s life.
29.Which of the following can replace the underlined word “courier” in Paragraph17
A provider B delivery man
C collector D medical doctor
30.Why does Peter have to complete his trip within 42hours?
A. He cannot stay away from his job too long.
B. The donor can only wait for that long.
C. The operation needs that very much.
D. The ice won't last any longer.
31.Which flight did the woman put Peter on first?
A. To London B. To Newark C. To Providence D. To Washington
【答案】
29-31.B D.B
【解析】
试题分析：本文是一篇记叙文，主要介绍了作者在一次运送造血干细胞途中的一段经历，表现了人们之间的友爱。
29.B词义猜测题。根据本段内容 I’ve done 89 trips和I have 42 hours to carry stem cells in my little box以及第二段内容可知作者是运送干细胞的人，也就是delivery man。故选B 。
【技巧点拨】词义猜测题的答题技巧。1.根据定义或上下文解释进行猜测2.根据同位关系进行猜测3.根据构词法(前缀、后缀、复合、派生等)进行猜测4.根据转折或对比关系进行猜测。在本文中要根据上下文对作者工作的描写来推测出正确的词义。
30. D细节理解题。根据第一段第二句I have 42 hours to carry stem cells in my little box because I’ve got two ice packs and that’s how long they last.可知冰盒只能保持42小时适宜的温度。故选D 。
31.B细节理解题。根据第二段末句 She arranged for a flight on a small plane to be held for me, re-routed me through Newark 可知，这位好心的女士首先安排作者去Newark的航班。故选 B。
考点：故事类短文阅读
2.【2016·全国新课标II】B
Five years ago, when I taught art at a school in Seattle, I used Tinkertoys as a test at the beginning of a term to find out something about my students. I put a small set of Tinkertoys in front of each student, and said:”Make something out of the Tinkertoys. You have 45 minutes today - and 45minutes each day for the rest of the week.”
A few students hesitated to start. They waited to see the rest of the class would do. Several others checked the instructions and made something according to one of the model plans provided. Another group built something out of their own imaginations.
Once I had a boy who worked experimentally with Tinkertoys in his free time. His constructions filled a shelf in the art classroom and a good part of his bedroom at home. I was delighted at the presence of such a student. Here was an exceptionally creative mind at work. His presence meant that I had an unexpected teaching assistant in class whose creativity would infect(感染) other students.
Encouraging this kind of thinking has a downside. I ran the risk of losing those students who had a different style of thinking. Without fail one would declare, ”But I’m just not creative.”
“Do you dream at night when you’re asleep?”
“Oh, sure.”
“So tell me one of your most interesting dreams.” The student would tell something wildly imaginative. Flying in the sky or in a time machine or growing three heads. “That’s pretty creative. Who does that for you?”
“Nobody. I do it.”
“Really-at night, when you’re asleep?”
“Sure.”
“Try doing it in the daytime, in class, okay?”
5. The teacher used Tinkertoys in class in order to ________?
A. know more about the students B. make the lessons more exciting
C. raise the students’ interest in art D. teach the students about toy design
6. What do we know about the boy mentioned in Paragraph 3?
A. He liked to help his teacher. B. He preferred to study alone.
C. He was active in class. D. He was imaginative.
7. What does the underlined word “downside” in Paragraph 4 probably mean?
A. Mistake. B. Drawback.
C. Difficulty. D. Burden.
8. Why did the teacher ask the students to talk about their dreams?
A. To help them to see their creativity. B. To find out about their sleeping habits.
C. To help them to improve their memory. D. To find out about their ways of thinking.
【答案】5. A 6. D 7. B 8. A
【解析】
试题分析：本文属于记叙文，作者通过让学生拼装玩具发现并鼓励学生的创造性和想象力。
5.A 推理判断题。根据文章第二段可知当我把拼装式玩具放在学生面前的时候，有些学生犹豫着在等着看别人如何行动，有一些学生查看了使用说明并根据模型做出了一些东西。而另外一些学生则根据本人的想象力做出了一些东西。通过观察我对不同的学生的性格有了不同的理解。故A正确。
6.D 推理判断题。文章第三段第一句中提到的这个男孩在空闲时间拼装这些玩具，而且他的作品堆满了艺术教室的架子，家里的卧室里也有很多。第三段倒数第三句“Here was an exceptionally creative mind at work”说明他是一个很有想象力和创造性的人。故D项正确。
【名师点睛】
本文【小题7】属于词义猜测题。我们可以根据后句“I ran the risk ...... thinking.”中的“risk”说明我的教育方法也有不足之处，故划线词意为“drawback缺点，不足”。本题属于典型的理由上下文语境推测。
近几年高考阅读中猜测词义考查方法多样化，其中根据上下文语境推测将会越来越多。根据上下文语境作出判断：有时短文中出现一个需猜测其意义的词或短语，下面接着出现其定义域解释或例子，这就是判断该词或短语意义的主要依据。请看下例：
Shanghai Bashi Tourism Car Rental Centre offers a wide variety ofchoices—deluxe sedans, minivans, station wagons, coaches, Santana sedans are the big favorite.
从前面的Car Rental Center可知出租车公司提供的只能是cars for rent(出租汽车)，也就是说划线的词都是出租汽车的名称。
除此之外，我们还可以根据转折或对比关系进行判断：根据上下句的连接词，如but，however，otherwise
等就可以看到前后句在意义上的差别，从而依据某一句的含义，来确定另一句的含义。另外，分号(；)也可以表示转折、对比或不相干的意义。
还可以根据因果关系进行判断：俗话说，“有因必有果，有果必有因”。根据原因可以预测结果，根据结果也可以找出原因。例如
Biggest power failure in the city's history．．．All of our ice—cream and frozen foods melted．
根据因果关系，停电只能导致冰淇淋和冷冻食品“融化”，也就是melted。
考点：考查记叙文阅读
3.【2016·北京】B
Surviving Hurricane Sandy(飓风桑迪)
Natalie Doan,14, has always felt lucky to live in Rockaway, New York. Living just a few blocks from the beach, Natalie can see the ocean and hear the wave from her house. “It’s the ocean that makes Rockaway so special,” she says.
On October 29, 2012, that ocean turned fierce. That night, Hurricane Sandy attacked the East Coast, and Rockaway was hit especially hard. Fortunately, Natalie’s family escaped to Brooklyn shortly before the city’s bridge closed.
When they returned to Rockaway the next day, they found their neighborhood in ruins. Many of Natalie’s friends had lost their homes and were living far away. All around her, people were suffering, especially the elderly. Natalie’s school was so damaged that she had to temporarily attend a school in Brooklyn.
In the following few days, the men and women helping Rockaway recover inspired Natalie. Volunteers came with carloads of donated clothing and toys. Neighbors devoted their spare time to helping others rebuild. Teenagers climbed dozens of flights of stairs to deliver water and food to elderly people trapped in powerless high-rise buildings.
“My mom tells me that I can’t control what happens to me,” Natalie says. “but I can always choose how I deal with it.”
Natalie’s choice was to help.
She created a website page matching survivors in need with donors who wanted to help. Natalie posted introduction about a boy named Patrick, who lost his baseball card collecting when his house burned down. Within days, Patrick’s collection was replaced.
In the coming months, her website page helped lots of kids: Christopher, who received a new basketball; Charlie, who got a new keyboard. Natalie also worked with other organizations to bring
much-need supplies to Rockaway. Her efforts made her a famous person. Last April, she was invited to the White House and honored as a Hurricane Sandy Champion of Change.
Today, the scars(创痕)of destruction are still seen in Rockaway, but hope is in the air. The streets are clear, and many homes have been rebuilt. “I can’t imagine living anywhere but Rockaway,” Natalie declares. “My neighborhood will be back, even stronger than before.”
59.When Natalie returned to Rockaway after the hurricane ,she found______.
A.some friends had lost their lives
B.her neighborhood was destroyed
C.her school had moved to Brooklyn
D.the elderly were free from suffering
60.According to paragraph4,who inspired Natalie most?
A.The people helping Rockaway rebuild
B.The people trapped in high_rise building
C.The volunteers donating money to survivors
D.Local teenagers bringing clothing to elderly people
61.How did Natalie help the survivors?
A.She gave her toys to the kids
B.She took care of younger children
C.She called on the White House to help
D.She built an information sharing platform
62.What does the story intend to tell us?
A.Little people can make a big difference
B.A friend in need is a friend indeed
C.East or West,home is best
D.Technology is power
【答案】
59.B60.A61.D62.A
【解析】
试题分析：Natalie是一个14岁的孩子，她生活的地方Brooklyn遭到了飓风桑迪的袭击，受灾严重。看到人们在帮助家乡重建，Natalie也加入了进去，Natalie
创建网站来分享求助信息，帮助捐赠者找到需要的受助者。Natalie的行为得到了社会的认可和表扬。
59.B段落大意题。A项未提及；根据第三段“Natalie’s school was so damaged that she had to temporarily attend a school in Brooklyn”可知，学校没有搬走，而是暂时去Brooklyn上学，排除C；根据“people were suffering, especially the elderly”排除D；根据“When they returned to Rockaway the next day, they found their neighborhood in ruins.”可知，他们的街区被飓风毁了，故选B。
60.A细节理解题。根据第四段“In the following few days, the men and women helping Rockaway recover inspired Natalie.”可知，那些帮助Rockaway恢复重建的人给了Natalie鼓舞，故选A。
61.D细节理解题。根据倒数第三段“She created a website page matching survivors in need with donors who wanted to help.”可知，Natalie创建了一个网站来分享和匹配求助信息和捐赠信息，故选D。
考点：人物故事类短文阅读。
【名师点睛】
故事类文章是高考阅读理解常选材料之一。这类文章常通过叙述突出人物性格特征或讲述个人经历与感悟，以及逸闻趣事。文章的要素有时间、地点、人物、事件等。有些是按事件发展的经过为主线叙述的，在叙述的过程中有详有略；有些是按时间的顺序叙述的，有顺叙、倒叙等。
解题技巧：
1、高考选用的此类文章常常为幽默类或情感类故事，其目的或阐明某种观点，或抨击某种陋习，或赞扬某种品德，所以要关注作者表达的个人感悟，提出的个人意见，或故事中出其不意的变化，而这些往往体现文章中心或写作意图，属于必考点。如本题中的第62题：通过Natalie帮助他人的行为告诉读者小人物也可以有大作为这一道理。
2
、该类文章语言流畅、有趣，命题往往从故事的情节、人物或事件之间的关系、作者的意图和态度、故事的前因和后果等方面入手，考查学生对细节的辨认能力以及推理判断能力。这类文章同学们常有文章易懂，题目不易做的感觉。要注意培养自己快速阅读的习惯。切不可在个别难懂的词句上停留太久，耽误时间。
3、对整篇短文内容有了一定的了解后，要马上看短文后的问题，带着问题去选择或判断答案。要确定所需查找的信息范围，并注意所查找信息的特点。例如：如果问题或选项涉及到人名、地名，就应该找首字母大写的单词；如果问题或选项涉及时间、日期、数字，就应该寻找具体的数据。
4.【2016·天津】B
Every man wants his son to be somewhat of a clone, not in features but in footsteps. As he grows you also age, and your ambitions become more unachievable. You begin to realize that your boy, in your footsteps, could probably accomplish what you hoped for. But footsteps can be muddied and they can go off in different directions.
My son Jody has hated school since day one in kindergarten. Science projects waited until the last moment. Book reports weren’t written until the final threat.
I’ve been a newspaperman all my adult life. My daughter is a university graduate working toward her master’s degree in English. But Jody? When he entered the tenth grade he became a “vo-tech” student(技校学生). They’re called “motorheads” by the rest of the student body.
When a secretary in my office first called him “motorhead”, I was shocked. “Hey, he’s a good kid,” I wanted to say. “And smart, really.”
I learned later that motorheads are, indeed, different. They usually have dirty hands and wear dirty work clothes. And they don’t often make school honor rolls(光荣榜).
But being the parent of a motorhead is itself an experience in education. We who labor in clean shirts in offices don’t have the abilities that motorheads have. I began to learn this when I had my car crashed. The cost to repair it was estimated at $800. “Hey, I can fix it,” said Jody. I doubted it , but let him go ahead, for I had nothing to lose.
My son ,with other motorheads, fixed the car. They got parts(零件）from a junkyard, non-toasting toaster have been fixed. Neighbours and co-workers trust their car repair to him.
Since that first repair job, a broken air-conditioner, a non-functioning washer and a non-toasting toaster have been fixed. Neighbors and co-workers trust their car repairs to him.
These kids are happiest when doing repairs. They joke and laugh and are living in their own relaxed world. And their minds are bright despite their dirty hands and clothes.
I have learned a lot from my motorhead: publishers need printers, engineers need mechanics,
and architects need builders. Most important, I have learned that fathers don’t need clones in footsteps or anywhere else.
My son may never make the school honor roll. But he made mine.
41. What used to be the author’s hope for his son?
A. To avoid becoming his clone.
B. To resemble him in appearance.
C. To develop in a different direction.
D. To reach the author’s unachieved goals.
42. What can we learn about the author’s children?
A. His daughter does better in school.
B. His daughter has got a master’s degree.
C. His son tried hard to finish homework.
D. His son couldn’t write his book reports.
43. The author let his son repair the car because he believed that_______.
A. His son had the ability to fix it.
B. it would save him much time.
C. it wouldn’t cause him any more loss
D. other motorheads would come to help.
44. In the author’s eyes, motorheads are _______.
A. tidy and hardworking
B. cheerful and smart
C. lazy but bright
D. relaxed but rude
45. What did the author realize in the end?
A. It is unwise to expect your child to follow your path.
B. It is important for one to make the honor roll.
C. Architects play a more important role than builders.
D. Motorheads have greater ability than office workers.
【语篇解读】这是一篇记叙文。作者一开始希望自己的儿子能效仿他，完成他没有实现的目标。但是他的儿子学习成绩不理想，只上了技校。一次作者的车坏了，儿子和同学帮助作者修好了车，让作者改变了自己的看法。
41.【答案】D
【解析】
试题分析：根据第一段的句子You begin to realize that your boy, in your footsteps, could accomplish what you hoped for.可知，作者希望儿子完成他没有实现的目标。故选D。
考点：考查细节理解。
42.【答案】A
【解析】
试题分析：根据第三段的句子My daughter is a university graduate working toward her master’s degree in English，可知，作者的女儿学习很好。故选A。
考点：考查推理判断。
43.【答案】C
【解析】
试题分析：根据第六段的句子I doubted it, but let him go ahead, for I had nothing to lose，可知，作者让儿子修车，因为他觉得这不会给他带来损失。故选C。
考点：考查细节理解。
44.【答案】B
考点：考查推理判断。
45.【答案】A
【解析】
试题分析：根据倒数第二段的句子Most important, I have learned that fathers don’t need clones in footsteps or anywhere else，可知，作者最后意识到期望孩子走自己的道路这是不明智的。故选A。
考点：考查细节理解。
【名师点睛】这是一篇故事类短文，题目设置都以细节题为主，细节题一般就是文章出现的内容即是答案，也有推理判断题，就是不是通过题干的某个单词定位到文中能直接看出答案来的，要通过故事中人物的语言，动作去揣摩他们的真正意图。做题时不能流于表面。可以适当运用一些解题技巧。
做推理判断题要善于抓住某一段话中的关键信息，即某些关键词或短语去分析、推理、判断，利用逆向思维或正面推理，从而推断出这句话所隐含的深层含义。比如这篇阅读理解的第二题，问：作者的孩子是怎么样的？根据第三段的内容My daughter is a university graduate working toward her master’s degree in English. But Jody? When he entered the tenth grade he became a “vo-tech” student(技校学生). They’re called “motorheads” by the rest of the student body.可知，作者的女儿正在学习硕士学位，所以B是错的；而作者的儿子是一个技校生，学习不是很好，C是错的；D项说作者的儿子不能完成报告，而文中只是说他的儿子会拖延，所以D也是错的，正确答案是通过第三段内容推理出来的。
5.【2016·上海】(A)
One early morning, I went into the living room to find my mother reading a thick book called Best Loved Poems to Read Again and Again. My interest was aroused only by the fact that the word “Poems” appeared in big, hot pink letters.
“Is it good?” I asked her.
“Yeah,” she answered. “There’s one I really like and you’ll like it, too.” I leaned forward.
“‘Patty Poem,’” she read the title. Who is Patty? I wondered. The poem began:
She never puts her toys away,
Just leaves them scattered① where they lay,… ①散乱的
The poem was just three short sections. The final one came quickly:
When she grows and gathers poise②, ②稳重
I’ll miss her harum-scarum③ noise, ③莽撞的
And look in vain④ for scattered toys. ④徒劳地
And I’ll be sad.
A terrible sorrow washed over me. Whoever Patty was, she was a mean girl. Then, the shock.
“It’s you, honey,” My mother said sadly.
To my mother, the poem revealed a parent’s affection when her child grows up and leaves. To me, the “she” in the poem was horror. It was my mama who would be sad. It was so terrible I burst out crying.
“What’s wrong?” my mother asked.
“Oh Mama,” I cried. “I don’t want to grow up ever!”
She smiled. “Honey, it’s okay. You’re not growing up anytime soon. And when you do, I’ll still love you, okay?”
“Okay,” I was still weeping. My panic has gone. But I could not help thinking about that silly poem. After what seemed like a safe amount of time, I read the poem again and was confused. It all fit so well together, like a puzzle. The language was simple, so simple I could plainly understand its meaning, yet it was still beautiful. I was now fascinated by the idea of poetry, words that had the power to make or break a person’s world.
I have since fallen in love with other poems, but “Patty Poem” remains my poem. After all, “Patty Poem” gave me my love for poetry not because it was the poem that lifted my spirits, but because it was the one that hurt me the most.
66. Why was the writer attracted by the book Best Loved Poems to Read Again and Again?
A. It was a thick enough book.
B. Something on its cover caught her eye.
C. Her mother was reading it with interest.
D. It has a meaningful title.
67. After her mother read the poem to her, the writer felt ______ at first.
A. sad B. excited C. horrified D. confused
68. The writer’s mother liked to read “Patty Poem” probably because______.
A. it reflected her own childhood
B. it was written in simple language
C. it was composed by a famous poet
D. it gave her a hint of what would happen
69. It can be concluded from the passage that“Patty Poem”leads the writer to _______.
A. discover the power of poetry
B. recognize her love for puzzles
C. find her eagerness to grow up
D. experience great homesickness
【答案】66. B 67. A 68. D 69. A
【解析】
试题分析：本文属于记叙文，叙述了作者通过阅读“Patty Poem”感受到诗歌的美，进而爱上了诗。
66.B 细节理解题。根据第一段最后一句My interest was aroused only by the fact that the word “Poems” appeared in big, hot pink letters.我的兴趣被激起来了，主要是因为这本书封面上的“Poems”很大很红。故B项正确。
67.A 细节理解题。根据A terrible sorrow washed over me. Whoever Patty was, she was a mean girl.可知当我读完这首诗的时候，我很难过。诗里的情感让我不愿意长大。故A正确。
68.D 推理判断题。根据To my mother, the poem revealed a parent’s affection when her child grows up and leaves. To me, the “she” in the poem was horror. It was my mama who would be sad.可知对妈妈来说这首诗让她想起我也会长大也会离开她，她也会因为我的离开而非常难受。所以这本书让她把未来可能发生的事情联系了起来。故D项正确
69.A 推理判断题。根据文章最后一段“I have since fallen in love with other poems, but “Patty Poem” remains my poem. After all, “Patty Poem” gave me my love for poetry not because it was the poem that lifted my spirits, but because it was the one that hurt me the most.”可知这首诗让作者感受了诗歌的美，让作者爱上了诗歌，这首因为她发现诗歌有强烈的情感冲击力。故A项正确。
【名师点睛】
本文【小题69】属于判断推理题中的人物性格、心情处境、态度及观点等推断题
高考阅读测试中有些题目考查学生对文章作者的主导思想、被描写人物语气、言谈话语中流露的情绪、性格倾向和作用或文中人物的态度、观点等方面的理解。做这一类题时一定注意：
（1）由表及里地准确把握字里行间的意思，切勿用自己的主观想法或观点代替作者的思想观点。
（2）特别注意那些描写环境气氛的语言，以及表达感情，态度观点的词语。要特别注意作者在文章中的措辞，尤其是感情色彩的形容词。
（3）能结合自己平时积累的有关英语国家的文化传统、风俗习惯等背景知识来识别评价。
以【小题69】为例，根据文章最后一段“I have since fallen in love with other poems, but “Patty Poem” remains my poem. After all, “Patty Poem” gave me my love for poetry not because it was the
poem that lifted my spirits, but because it was the one that hurt me the most.”可知这首诗让作者感受了诗歌的美，让作者爱上了诗歌，这首因为她发现诗歌有强烈的情感冲击力。
考点：考查记叙文阅读
6.【2016·上海】(A)
One early morning, I went into the living room to find my mother reading a thick book called Best Loved Poems to Read Again and Again. My interest was aroused only by the fact that the word “Poems” appeared in big, hot pink letters.
“Is it good?” I asked her.
“Yeah,” she answered. “There’s one I really like and you’ll like it, too.” I leaned forward.
“‘Patty Poem,’” she read the title. Who is Patty? I wondered. The poem began:
She never puts her toys away,
Just leaves them scattered① where they lay,… ①散乱的
The poem was just three short sections. The final one came quickly:
When she grows and gathers poise②, ②稳重
I’ll miss her harum-scarum③ noise, ③莽撞的
And look in vain④ for scattered toys. ④徒劳地
And I’ll be sad.
A terrible sorrow washed over me. Whoever Patty was, she was a mean girl. Then, the shock.
“It’s you, honey,” My mother said sadly.
To my mother, the poem revealed a parent’s affection when her child grows up and leaves. To me, the “she” in the poem was horror. It was my mama who would be sad. It was so terrible I burst out crying.
“What’s wrong?” my mother asked.
“Oh Mama,” I cried. “I don’t want to grow up ever!”
She smiled. “Honey, it’s okay. You’re not growing up anytime soon. And when you do, I’ll still love you, okay?”
“Okay,” I was still weeping. My panic has gone. But I could not help thinking about that silly poem. After what seemed like a safe amount of time, I read the poem again and was confused. It all
fit so well together, like a puzzle. The language was simple, so simple I could plainly understand its meaning, yet it was still beautiful. I was now fascinated by the idea of poetry, words that had the power to make or break a person’s world.
I have since fallen in love with other poems, but “Patty Poem” remains my poem. After all, “Patty Poem” gave me my love for poetry not because it was the poem that lifted my spirits, but because it was the one that hurt me the most.
66. Why was the writer attracted by the book Best Loved Poems to Read Again and Again?
A. It was a thick enough book.
B. Something on its cover caught her eye.
C. Her mother was reading it with interest.
D. It has a meaningful title.
67. After her mother read the poem to her, the writer felt ______ at first.
A. sad B. excited C. horrified D. confused
68. The writer’s mother liked to read “Patty Poem” probably because______.
A. it reflected her own childhood
B. it was written in simple language
C. it was composed by a famous poet
D. it gave her a hint of what would happen
69. It can be concluded from the passage that“Patty Poem”leads the writer to _______.
A. discover the power of poetry
B. recognize her love for puzzles
C. find her eagerness to grow up
D. experience great homesickness
【答案】66. B 67. A 68. D 69. A
【解析】
试题分析：本文属于记叙文，叙述了作者通过阅读“Patty Poem”感受到诗歌的美，进而爱上了诗。
66.B 细节理解题。根据第一段最后一句My interest was aroused only by the fact that the word “Poems” appeared in big, hot pink letters.我的兴趣被激起来了，主要是因为这本书封面上的“Poems”很大很红。故B项正确。
67.A 细节理解题。根据A terrible sorrow washed over me. Whoever Patty was, she was a mean girl.可知当我读完这首诗的时候，我很难过。诗里的情感让我不愿意长大。故A正确。
69.A 推理判断题。根据文章最后一段“I have since fallen in love with other poems, but “Patty Poem” remains my poem. After all, “Patty Poem” gave me my love for poetry not because it was the poem that lifted my spirits, but because it was the one that hurt me the most.”可知这首诗让作者感受了诗歌的美，让作者爱上了诗歌，这首因为她发现诗歌有强烈的情感冲击力。故A项正确。
【名师点睛】
本文【小题69】属于判断推理题中的人物性格、心情处境、态度及观点等推断题
高考阅读测试中有些题目考查学生对文章作者的主导思想、被描写人物语气、言谈话语中流露的情绪、性格倾向和作用或文中人物的态度、观点等方面的理解。做这一类题时一定注意：
（1）由表及里地准确把握字里行间的意思，切勿用自己的主观想法或观点代替作者的思想观点。
（2）特别注意那些描写环境气氛的语言，以及表达感情，态度观点的词语。要特别注意作者在文章中的措辞，尤其是感情色彩的形容词。
（3）能结合自己平时积累的有关英语国家的文化传统、风俗习惯等背景知识来识别评价。
以【小题69】为例，根据文章最后一段“I have since fallen in love with other poems, but “Patty Poem” remains my poem. After all, “Patty Poem” gave me my love for poetry not because it was the poem that lifted my spirits, but because it was the one that hurt me the most.”可知这首诗让作者感受了诗歌的美，让作者爱上了诗歌，这首因为她发现诗歌有强烈的情感冲击力。
考点：考查记叙文阅读
7.【2016·江苏】D
Not so long ago, most people didn’t know who Shelly Ann Francis Pryce was going to become. She was just an average high school athlete. There was every indication that she was just another American teenager without much of a future. However, one person wants to change this. Stephen Francis observed then eighteen-year-old Shelly Ann as a track meet and was convinced that he had
seen the beginning of true greatness. Her time were not exactly impressive, but even so, he seemed there was something trying to get out, something the other coaches had overlooked when they had assessed her and found her lacking. He decided to offer Shelly Ann a place in his very strict training seasons. Their cooperation quickly produced results, and a few year later at Jamaica’s Olympic games in early 2008, Shelly Ann, who at that time only ranked number 70 in the world, beat Jamaica’s unchallenged queen of the sprint(短跑).
“Where did she come from?” asked an astonished sprinting world, before concluding that she must be one of those one-hit wonders that spring up from time to time, only to disappear again without signs. But Shelly Ann was to prove that she was anything but a one-hit wonder. At the Beijing Olympic she swept away any doubts about her ability to perform consistently by becoming the first Jamaican woman ever to win the 100 meters Olympic gold. She did it again one year on at the World Championship in Briton, becoming world champion with a time of 10.73--- the fourth record ever.
Shelly-Ann is a little woman with a big smile. She has a mental toughness that did not come about by chance. Her journey to becoming the fastest woman on earth has been anything but smooth and effortless. She grew up in one of Jamaica’s toughest inner-city communities known as Waterhouse, where she lived in a one-room apartment, sleeping four in a bed with her mother and two brothers. Waterhouse, one of the poorest communities in Jamaica, is a really violent and overpopulated place. Several of Shelly-Ann's friends and family were caught up in the killings; one of her cousins was shot dead only a few streets away from where she lived. Sometimes her family didn’t have enough to eat. She ran at the school championships barefooted because she couldn’t afford shoes. Her mother Maxime, one of a family of fourteen, had been an athlete herself as a young girl but, like so many other girls in Waterhouse, had to stop after she had her first baby. Maxime’s early entry into the adult world with its responsibilities gave her the determination to ensure that her kids would not end up in Waterhouse's roundabout of poverty. One of the first things Maxime used to do with Shelly-Ann was taking her to the track, and she was ready to sacrifice everything.
It didn't take long for Shelly-Ann to realize that sports could be her way out of Waterhouse. On a summer evening in Beijing in 2008, all those long, hard hours of work and commitment finally bore fruit. The barefoot kid who just a few years previously had been living in poverty, surrounded
by criminals and violence, had written a new chapter in the history of sports.
But Shelly-Ann’s victory was far greater than that. The night she won Olympic gold in Beijing, the routine murders in Waterhouse and the drug wars in the neighbouring streets stopped. The dark cloud above one of the world’s toughest criminal neighbourhoods simply disappeared for a few days. “ I have so much fire burning for my country,”Shelly said. She plans to start a foundation for homeless children and wants to build a community centre in Waterhouse. She hopes to inspire the Jamaicans to lay down their weapons. She intends to fight to make it a woman’s as well as a man’s world.
As Muhammad Ali puts it, “ Champions aren't made in gyms. Champions are made from something they have deep inside them. A desire, a dream, a vision.” One of the things Shelly-Ann can be proud of is her understanding of this truth.
65. Why did Stephen Francis decide to coach Shelly-Ann?
A. He had a strong desire to free her family from trouble.
B. He sensed a great potential in her despite her weaknesses.
C. She had big problems maintaining her performance.
D. She suffered a lot of defeats at the previous track meets.
66. What did the sprinting world think of Shelly-Ann before the 2008 Olympic Games?
A. She would become a promising star.
B. She badly needed to set higher goals.
C. Her sprinting career would not last long.
D. Her talent for sprinting was known to all.
67. What made Maxime decide to train her daughter on the track?
A. Her success and lessons in her career.
B. Her interest in Shelly-Ann’s quick profit.
C. Her wish to get Shelly-Ann out of poverty.
D. Her early entrance into the sprinting world.
68. What can we infer from Shelly-Ann's statement underlined in Paragraph 5?
A. She was highly rewarded for her efforts.
B. She was eager to do more for her country.
C. She became an athletic star in her country.
D. She was the envy of the whole community.
69. By mentioning Muhammad Ali’s words, the author intends to tell us that .
A. players should be highly inspired by coaches
B. great athletes need to concentrate on patience
C. hard work is necessary in one’s achievements
D. motivation allows great athletes to be on the top
70. What is the best title for the passage?
A. The Making of a Great Athlete
B. The Dream for Championship
C. The Key to High Performance
D. The Power of Full Responsibility
【答案】65. B 66. C 67. C 68.B 69.D 70. A
【解析】
试题分析：本文是一篇励志短文，牙买加著名女飞人Shelly-Ann从不被人看好到成为奥运冠军，再到最后成为世界上跑的最快的女性，并想用自己的影响力改变能够吞噬了很多人梦想的贫民窟。
66.C 推理判断题。根据第二段第一句“Where did she come from?” asked an astonished sprinting world, before concluding that she must be one of those one-hit wonders that spring up from time to time, only to disappear again without signs.当2008年奥运会上Shelly-Ann获得冠军以后，很多人都质疑她是一个流星而已，认为她的成功不会延续很长时间。故C项正确。
67.C 推理判断题。根据第三段最后两句Maxime’s early entry into the adult world with its responsibilities gave her the determination to ensure that her kids would not end up in Waterhouse's roundabout of poverty. One of the first things Maxime used to do with Shelly-Ann was taking her to
the track, and she was ready to sacrifice everything.可知Shelly-Ann的母亲Maxime很早进入要承担很多责任的成人世界，她决定要让女儿Shelly-Ann离开混乱的Waterhouse，唯一的方法就是让女儿练习田径。故C项正确。
68.B 推理判断题。根据第五段最后四句“ I have so much fire burning for my country,”Shelly said. She plans to start a foundation for homeless children and wants to build a community centre in Waterhouse. She hopes to inspire the Jamaicans to lay down their weapons. She intends to fight to make it a woman’s as well as a man’s world.可知Shelly-Ann计划为牙买加建立无家可归儿童基金会，鼓励牙买加人放下武器。说明她很迫切地想为祖国做一些事情。故B正确。
69.D 推理判断题。根据最后一段拳王阿里的名言：冠军不是体育馆里造出来的。造就冠军的是冠军内心深处的某种东西─渴望、梦想、愿景。他们需同时拥有技能和意志，但是意志必须强于技能。作者是在鼓励运动员们达到巅峰。故D项正确。
70.A 标题概括题。本文介绍了牙买加著名女飞人Shelly-Ann从不被人看好到成为奥运冠军，再到最后成为世界上跑的最快的女性。激励我们要想成功必须要经过艰苦的努力。故A项正确。BCD三项的范围有点过大，与文章不贴切。
【名师点睛】
本文【小题70】属于主旨大意题中的标题概括题。文章标题通常有如下要求：不能过大、过于笼统，放之四海皆适用；也不能过小、以偏概全，挂一漏万。标题是文章中心思想的精练表达,多为一个名词词组，短小明了,函盖性强｡做这类题目时,要在阅读全文的基础上,把握好层次关系。注意选项的归纳范围要恰如其分,干扰项往往是局部信息，是某一小节或文章里的某一句。所以我们在解题时要反复推敲，把概括范围过窄或过宽的选项过滤掉。 好的文章标题具有较强的针对性、独特性，能够准确地概括出这篇短文的主旨大意，而不是其它文章的大意。本题中BCD三项的内容都与文章内容不够贴切，范围显得过大。我们可以使用逆向推理方法识别范围过大的标题。
考点：考查记叙文阅读
2015年高考试题
故事类
1.【2015·湖北卷】B
What Theresa Loe is doing proves that a large farm isn’t prerequisite for a modern grow-your-own lifestyle. On a mere 1/10 of an acre in Los Angeles, Loe and her family grow, can（装罐）and preserve much of the food they consume.
Loe is a master food preserver, gardener and canning expert. She also operates a website, where she shares her tips and recipes, with the goal of demonstrating that every has the ability to control what’s on their plate.
Loe initially went to school to become an engineer, but she quickly learned that her enthusiasm was mainly about growing and preparing her own food. “I got into cooking my own food and started growing my own herbs (香草) and foods for that fresh flavor,”she said. Engineer by day, Loe learned cooking at night school. She ultimately purchased a small piece of land with her husband and began growing their own foods.
“I teach people how to live farm-fresh without a farm,” Loe said. Through her website Loe emphasizes that “anybody can do this anywhere.” Got an apartment with a balcony （阳台）? Plant some herbs. A window? Perfect spot for growing. Start with herbs, she recommends, because “they’re very forgiving.” Just a little of the herbs “can take your regular cooking to a whole new level,” she added. “I think it’s a great place to start.” “Then? Try growing something from a seed, she said, like a tomato or some tea.”
Canning is a natural extension of the planting she does. With every planted food. Loe noted, there’s a moment when it’s bursting with its absolute peak flavor. “I try and keep it in a time capsule in a canning jar,” Loe said. “Canning for me is about knowing what’s in your food, knowing where it comes from.”
In addition to being more in touch with the food she’s eating, another joy comes from passing this knowledge and this desire for good food to her children: “Influencing them and telling them your opinion on not only being careful what we eat but understanding the bigger picture,” she said, “that if we don’t take care of the earth, no will.”
55.The underlined word “prerequisite” (Pare. 1) is closest in meaning to “______”.
A. recipe B. substitute C. requirement D. challenge
56.Why does Loe suggest starting with herbs?
A. They are used daily.
B. They are easy to grow.
C. They can grow very tall
D. They can be eaten uncooked
57.According to Loe, what is the benefit of canning her planted foods?
A. It can preserve their best flavor
B. It can promote her online sales
C. It can better her cooking skills
D. It can improve their nutrition
58.What is the“the bigger picture” (Para. 6) that Loe wishes her children to understand?
A. The knowledge about good food
B. The way to live a grow-our-own life
C. The joy of getting in touch with foods
D. The responsibility to protect our earth
【解析】
试题分析：本文是一篇记叙文。Loe是“自己种植”现代生活方式的实践者，她热衷于自己种植香草和味道新鲜的食物，并将食物装入密封罐中保持以保持最佳的风味，更想通过自己的举动影响孩子们，让他们意识到保护地球的责任。
55. C词义猜测题。根据首段第二句“On a mere 1/10 of an acre … and preserve much of the food they consume”可知面积并不是硬要求。该句句意为：Loe在那里所做的一切证明，一个大农场对“自己种植”现代生活方式来说并不是一个硬要求。故选C项。
56.B细节理解题。根据第四段中“Start with herbs… Just a little of the herbs …”可知香草很容易生长。故选B项。
【考点定位】记叙文阅读
【名师点睛】记叙文体裁特点是：人不离事,事不离人。写人的文章事情是重点；记事的文章人物是关键。考生要注意抓住故事情节，理解文章脉络，重点关注作者重墨泼就的细节描写，领会作者的写作意图。同时还要把握人物的情绪起伏,要进入“角色”，客观做题。本文顺应当前社会生活潮流，介绍了园艺和食品保存大师Theresa Loe如何利用阳台、小院在喧嚣繁忙的大都市里过田园生活。
2.【2015·北京卷】A
The Boy Made It!
One Sunday, Nicholas, a teenager, went skiing at Sugarloaf Mountain in Maine. In the early afternoon, when he was planning to go home, a fierce snowstorm swept into the area. Unable to see far, he accidentally turned off the path. Before he knew it, Nicholas was lost, all alone! He didn’t have food, water, a phone, or other supplies. He was getting colder by the minute.
Nicholas had no idea where he was. He tried not to panic. He thought about all the survival shows he had watched on TV. It was time to put the tips he had learned to use.
He decided to stop skiing. There was a better chance of someone finding him if he stayed put. The first thing he did was to find shelter form the freezing wind and snow. If he didn’t, his body temperature would get very low, which could quickly kill him.
Using his skis, Nicholas built a snow cave. He gathered a huge mass of snow and dug out a hole in the middle. Then he piled branches on top of himself, like a blanket, to stay as warm as he could.
By that evening, Nicholas was really hungry. He ate snow and drank water from a nearby stream so that his body wouldn’t lose too much water. Not knowing how much longer he could last, Nicholas did the only thing he could- he huddled(蜷缩) in his cave and slept.
The next day, Nicholas went out to look for help, but he couldn’t find anyone. He followed his tracks and returned to the snow cave, because without shelter, he could die that night. On Tuesday, Nicholas went out to find help. He had walked for about a mile when a volunteer searcher found him. After two days stuck in the snow, Nicholas was saved.
Nicholas might not have survived this snowstorm had it not been for TV. He had often watched Grylls’ survival show. Man vs. Wild. That’s where he learned the tips that saved his life, In each episode(一期节目)of Man vs. Wild, Grylls is abandoned in a wild area and has to find his way out.
When Grylls heard about Nicholas’ amazing deeds, he was super impressed that Nicholas had made it since he knew better than anyone how hard Nicholas had to work to stay alive.
56. What happened to Nicholas one Sunday afternoon?
A. He got lost. B. He broke his skis.
C. He hurt his eyes D. He caught a cold
57. How did Nicholas keep himself warm?
A. He found a shelter. B. He lighted some branches.
C. He kept on skiing. D. He built a snow cave.
58. On Tuesday, Nicholas _____.
A. returned to his shelter safely
B. was saved by a searcher
C. got stuck in the snow
D. staved where he was
59. Nicholas left Grylls a very deep impression because he _____.
A. did the right things in the dangerous situation
B. watched Grylls’ TV program regularly
C. created some tips for survival
D. was very hard-working
【解析】
试题分析：本文讲的是一个小男孩在暴风雪中迷路，他不畏艰难，利用在电视中学到的野外生存知识逃脱困境的故事。
56. A 细节理解题。根据第一段第三行，Before he knew it, Nicholas was lost, all alone!”可知答案。说明在Nicholas迷路了。故选A。
57. D 细节理解题。根据文章第二段根据第四段第一行，Nicholas built a snow cave。以及to stay as warm as he could可知，Nicholas保持温暖的方式是建了一个雪洞。故选D。
58.B 细节理解题。根据第六段第三行，He had walked for about a mile when a volunteer searcher found him。可知，星期二的时候，Nicholas被一名志愿搜索者救了。故选B。
59.A 推理判断题。根据最后一段中的，He was super impressed that Nicholas had made it since he knew better than anyonehow hard Nicholas had to work to stay alive。”可知，Grylls这个人想表达一个小男孩能在如此困难的情况下成功逃生是难能可贵的，A选项正好能表达此意思。故选A。
【考点定位】故事类阅读
【名师点睛】本文考查记叙文，讲的是“小孩在山里迷路，求生的过程”
，做好一篇记叙文，要交代清楚人物和事件，就必须交代清楚记叙的要素，即：时间、地点、人物、事件的原因、经过和结果。弄清记叙文中的人称代词指代的对象，有利于更好地理解文意。线索是记叙文的纲，抓住线索，就能理顺文章内容，掌握文章结构，更好地理解文章的中心思想。记叙文以叙事为主，但有时也运用描写、说明和议论。尤其是要注意夹叙夹议类文章，它的题目往往设计为推理性和总结性题目。文中题目往往在文中能找到出处，把握好文中具体细节即可。
3.【2015·广东】A
Peter loved to shop used articles. Almost a month ago, he bought popular word game that used little pieces of wood with different letters on them. As he was purchasing it, the salesgirl said, “Uh, look, the game box haven’t even been opened yet. That might be worth some money. ”
Peter examined the box, and, sure enough, it was completely covered in factory-sealed plastic. And he saw a date of 1973 on the back of the box.
“You should put that up for auction (拍卖) on the Internet, and see what happens.”the salesgirl said.
“Yes, you’re right. People like something rare.” Peter agreed, “I can’t imagine there being very many unopened boxes of this game still around 40 years later.”
“Don’t forget to tell me if you sell it.” the salesgirl smiled.
“No problem.” Peter said.
After he got home, Peter went online to several auction websites looking for his game. But he couldn’t find it. Then he typed in the name of the word game and hit Search. The search result was 543 websites containing information about the changes of the game. Over the years, the game had been produced using letters in different sizes and game boards in different colors. He also found some lists of game fans looking for various versions of the game. Peter emailed some of them, telling them what he had.
Two weeks later, Peter went back to the shop.
“Hello. Do you still remember the unopened word game?”
The salesgirl looked at him for a second, then recognized him and said, “Oh, hi!”
“I’ve got something for you,” Peter said. “I sold the game and made $1,000. Thank you for your suggestion.” He handed her three $ 100 bills.
“Wow!” the salesgirl cried out. “Thank you, I never expected it.”
26. Which of the following best describes Peter’s word game?
A. It was made around 40 years ago.
B. It had game boards in different sizes.
C. It was kept in a plastic bag with a seal.
D. It had little pieces of wood in different colors.
27. What did the salesgirl probably think of Peter’s word game?
A. Old and handy.
B. Rare and valuable.
C. Classic and attractive.
D. Colorful and interesting
28. Peter got the names of the game fans from _________.
A. an auction
B. the Internet
C. a game shop
D. the second-hand shop
29. What happened at the end of the story?
A. Peter gave the girl $300 as a reward.
B. The salesgirl became Peter’s friend.
C. Peter returned the word game for $ 1,000.
D. The salesgirl felt confused to see Peter again.
30. What is the main theme of the story?
A. It’s important to keep a promise.
B. It’s great to share in other people’s happiness.
C. We should be grateful for the help from others.
D. Something rare is worth a large amount of money.
【解析】
试题分析：本文叙述了Peter在听从了一位女销售员的建议，买了一个旧的游戏盒子，并到网上拍卖。结果他挣了1000美元。为了感激这位女销售员，他给了她300美元做为回报。
29. A 细节理解题。根据Peter said,“ I sold the game and made $1000.Thank you for your suggestion,”He handed her three $100 bills.可知Bill感谢这位女销售员的建议，给了她300美元作为回报。故选A。
30. C推理判断题。全文围绕着Peter听了女销售员的建议，买了这个游戏盒，赚了钱，为了表示感谢，他给了这位女销售员300美元作为回报。故推断这个故事的主题是我们应该感激别人的帮助。故选C。
【考点定位】 故事类短文阅读。
【名师点睛】本文考查学生的细节理解能力和推理判断能力。考生需认真阅读短文，仔细审题，主要的是要理解全文的中心思想，让人们懂得学会感激别人的帮助。第30题，需要学生通过阅读全文，概括总结出，作者的意图。
4.【2015·陕西】B
When the dog named Judy spotted the first sheep in her life, she did what comes naturally. The four-year-old dog set off racing after the sheep across several fields and, being a city animal, lost both her sheep and her sense of direction. Then she ran along the edge of cliff( 悬崖) and fell 100 feet, bouncing off a rock into the sea.
Her owner Mike Holden panicked and celled the coastguard of Cornwall, who turned up in seconds . Six volunteers slid down the cliff with the help of a rope but gave up all hope of finding her alive after a 90-minute search.
Three days later, a hurricane hit the coast near Cornwall. Mr. Holden returned home from his holiday upset and convinced his pet was dead. He comforted himself with the thought she had died in the most beautiful part of the country.
For the next two weeks, the Holdens were heartbroken . Then, one day, the phone rang and Steve Tregear, the coastguard of Cornwall, asked Holder if he would like his dog bark.
A birdwatcher, armed with a telescope, found the pet sitting desperately on a rock. While he
sounded the alarm, a student from Leeds climbed down the cliff to collect Judy.
The dog had initially been knocked unconscious(失去知觉的)but had survived by drinking water from a fresh scream at the base of the cliff. She may have fed on the body of a sheep which had also fallen over the edge. “The dog was very thin and hungry,” Steve Tregear said , “It was a very dog. She survived because of a plentiful supply of fresh water,” he added.
It was ,as Mr. Holden admitted, “a minor miracle(奇迹)”.
50. The dog Jody fell down the cliff when she was
A. rescuing her owner B. caught in a hurricane
C. blocked by a rock D. running after a sheep
51. Who spotted Judy after the accident?
A. A birdwatcher B. A student from Leeds
C. Six volunteers D. The coastguard of Cornwall
52. What can we infer from the text?
A. People like to travel with their pets.
B. Judy was taken to the fields for hunting.
C. Luck plays a vital role in Judy's survival.
D. Holden cared little where Judy was buried.
53. Which of the following can be the best title for the text?
A. Miracle of the Coastguard. B. Surviving a Hurricane.
C. Dangers in the Wild D. Coming Back from the Dead.
【解析】
试题分析：文章介绍是叫Judy的狗在追赶一只羊的时候，从悬崖上掉下来。主人努力寻找几个小时无果，以为它已经死去就放弃了，结果几天后，意外得到消息，狗还活着。真是很幸运的事情。
50.细节理解题。根据文章第一段的句子：The four-year-old dog set off racing after the sheep across several fields…,Then she ran along the edge of a cliff(悬崖) and fell 100 feet, bouncing off a rock into the sea.可知叫Judy的狗在追赶一只羊的时候，从悬崖上掉下来。故选D。
51.细节理解题。根据文章第五段的句子：A birdwatcher, armed with a telescope, found the pet sitting desperately on a rock. 可知事故后是一个观鸟者看见了Judy，故选A。
52.细节理解题。根据文章第六段的句子：It was a very lucky dog. She survived because of a plentiful supply of fresh water.可知在Judy的事故中运气起着至关重要的作用。故选C。
53.主旨大意题。根据文章的内容可知介绍一只狗掉到悬崖下面死里逃生的经历，所以用Coming Back from the Dead比较合适。故选D。
【考点定位】故事类阅读理解
【名师点睛】这是一篇故事类阅读理解。这种题材内容易懂而且有趣味性，是考生擅长的，这篇文章篇幅不长，难易度适中，考查细节题为主。通读全文后，可以带着问题到文章中找出信息句，分析信息句和题干，选项之间的关联，答案不难找出。
5.【2015·四川】B
Nothing could stop Dad. After he was put on disability for a bad back, he bought a small farm in the country, just enough to grow food for the family. He planted vegetables, fruit trees and even kept bees for honey.
And every week he cleaned Old Man McColgin's chicken house in exchange for manure(肥料). The Smell really burned the inside of your nose. When we complained about the terrible smell, Dad said the stronger the manure, the healthier the crops, and he was right. For example, just one of his cantaloupes filled the entire house with its sweet smell, and the taste was even sweeter.
As the vegetables started coming in, Dad threw himself into cooking. One day, armed with a basket of vegetables, he announced he was going to make stew(炖菜).Dad pulled out a pressure cooker and filled it up with cabbages, eggplants, potatoes, corns, onions and carrots. For about half an hour. the pressure built and the vegetables cooked. Finally, Dad turned off the stove, the pot began to cool and the pressure relief valve sprayed out a cloud of steam. If we thought Dad's pile of chicken manure was bad, this was 10 times worse. When Dad took off the lid, the smell nearly knocked us out.
Dad carried the pot out and we opened doors and windows to air out the house. Just how bad was it? The neighbors came out of their houses to see if we had a gas leak!
Determined, Dad filled our plates with steaming stew and passed them around. It didn’t look that bad, and after the first wave had shut down my ability to smell, it didn’t offend the nose so much, either. I took a taste. It would never win a prize in a cooking competition, but it was surprisingly edible and we drank up every last drop of soup.
34.Why did Dad clean Old Man Mocolgin’s chicken house regularly?
A. To earn some money for the family.
B. To collect manure for his crops.
C. To get rid of the terrible smell.
D. To set a good example to us.
35.What can we infer about Dad’s stew?
A. It is popular among the neighbors.
B. It contains honey and vegetables.
C. It looks very wonderful.
D. It tastes quite delicious.
36.What does the underlined word “offend” in the last paragraph mean?
A. To attract B. To upset C. To air D. To shut
37.What can we learn about Dad form the text?
A. He is an experienced cook.
B. He is a troublesome father.
C. He has a positive attitude to life.
D. He suffers a lot from his disability.
【解析】
试题分析：本文主要讲述了作者的父亲买了一个小农场，在里面种满了各种蔬菜、果树甚至还养了蜜蜂。
但作者的父亲收获的时候，他炖了一锅蔬菜，闻到味道时，作者和其他人觉得烧得很糟糕，但是最后全部都吃光了。
34.B 细节理解题。根据文章第一段的And every week he cleaned Old Man McColgin's chicken house in exchange for manure(肥料).可知选择B，是为了收集肥料。
【考点定位】 考查记叙文阅读
【名师点睛】本题考查记叙文阅读。在高考试卷中，每套试卷中通常都会包含记叙文。通常情况下记叙文阅读的难度相对比较低。要求考生能够依据文章的写作顺序，弄清文章大意，了解记叙文的5W(what/who/when/where/why)，同时关注考题中的细节，掌握文章的主题大意。本题中细节理解题有一题（34），要求考生能关注关键词manure
，在原文中迅速定位；推理判断题有两题（35、37题），要求考生能够迅速找到与之相关的stew和父亲的做事风格等。记叙文阅读通常都会出现词义猜测题，要求考生能通过对上下午的理解猜测出词的大概意思。
6.【2015·天津】C
One day when I was 12, my mother gave me an order: I was to walk to the public library, and borrow at least one book for the summer. This was one more weapon for her to defeat my strange problem — inability to read.
In the library, I found my way into the “Children’s Room.” I sat down on the floor and pulled a few books off the shelf at random. The cover of a book caught my eye. It presented a picture of a beagle. I had recently had a beagle, the first and only animal companion I ever had as a child. He was my secret sharer, but one morning, he was gone, given away to someone who had the space and the money to care for him. I never forgot my beagle.
There on the book’s cover was a beagle which looked identical（相同的） to my dog. I ran my fingers over the picture of the dog on the cover. My eyes ran across the title, Amos, the Beagle with a Plan. Unknowingly, I had read the title. Without opening the book, I borrowed it from the library for the summer.
Under the shade of a bush, I started to read about Amos. I read very, very slowly with difficulty. Though pages were turned slowly, I got the main idea of the story about a dog who, like mine, had been separated from his family and who finally found his way back home. That dog was my dog, and I was the little boy in the book. At the end of the story, my mind continued the final scene of reunion, on and on, until my own lost dog and I were, in my mind, running together.
My mother’s call returned me to the real world. I suddenly realized something: I had read a book, and I had loved reading that book. Everyone knew I could not read. But I had read it. Books could be incredibly wonderful and I was going to read them.
I never told my mother about my “miraculous” (奇迹般地) experience that summer, but she saw a slow but remarkable improvement in my classroom performance during the next year. And years later, she was proud that her son had read thousands of books, was awarded a PhD in literature, and authored his own books, articles, poetry and fiction. The power of the words has held.
46. The author’s mother told him to borrow a book in order to_____.
A. encourage him to do more walking
B. let him spend a meaningful summer
C. help cure him of his reading problem
D. make him learn more about weapons
47. The book caught the author’s eye because_____.
A. it contained pretty pictures of animals
B. it reminded him of his own dog
C. he found its title easy to understand
D. he liked children’s stories very much
48. Why could the author manage to read the book through?
A. He was forced by his mother to read it.
B. He identified with the story in the book.
C. The book told the story of his pet dog.
D. The happy ending of the story attracted him.
49. What can be inferred from the last paragraph?
A. The author has become a successful writer.
B. The author’s mother read the same book.
C. The author’s mother rewarded him with books.
D. The author has had happy summers ever since.
50. Which one could be the best title of the passage?
A. The Charm of a Book B. Mum’s Strict Order
C. Reunion with My Beagle D. My Passion for Reading
【解析】
试题分析：文章大意：文章讲述了作者从一名阅读困难的孩子到最终成为一名成功的作家的故事，告诉我们书本的魅力。
46. C细节理解题。根据文章第一段最后一句This was one more weapon for her to defeat my strange problem — inability to read.可知母亲让他借书看是为了治愈他的阅读问题。故选C。
47. B 细节理解题。根据文章第二段The cover of a book caught my eye. It presented a picture of a beagle. I had recently had a beagle, the first and only animal companion I ever had as a child.可知此本书引起作者注意的原因。选B。
48. B 推理判断题。根据第四段That dog was my dog, and I was the little boy in the book. At the end of the story, my mind continued the final scene of reunion, on and on, until my own lost dog and
I were, in my mind, running together.可知作者感同身受地把自己与书本得主人公联系在一起。选B。
49. A 推理判断题。根据最后一段And years later, she was proud that her son had read thousands of books, was awarded a PhD in literature, and authored his own books, articles, poetry and fiction.可以判断出作者最终成为一名成功的作家。故选A。
50. A 主旨大意题。文章讲述了作者从一名阅读困难的孩子到最终成为一名成功的作家的故事，从而展现给我们书本的魅力。故选A。
【考点定位】记叙类短文阅读
【名师点睛】本文是一篇记叙类短文阅读，整体难度中等。考生需要从整体把握全文，全面理解作者是怎么从阅读困难的孩子，从而演化为一名成功的作家的历程，特别注重作者将自己融合到书本的细节方面的描写。
7.【2015·重庆】A
At thirteen, I was diagnosed（诊所） with kind of attention disorder. It made school difficult for me. When everyone else in the class was focusing on tasks, I could not.
In my first literature class, Mrs.Smith asked us to read a story and then write on it, all within 45 minutes. I raised my hand right away and said,“Mrs.Smith, you see, the doctor said I have attention problems. I might not be able to do it.”
She glanced down at me through her glasses, “you are no different from your classmates, young man.”
I tried, but I didn’t finish the reading when the bell rang. I had to take it home.
In the quietness of my bedroom, the story suddenly all became clear to me. It was about a blind person, Louis Braille. He lived in a time when the blind couldn’t get much education. But Louis didn’t give up. Instead, he invented a reading system of raised dots（点）, which opened up a whole new world of knowledge to the blind.
Wasn’t I the “blind” in my class, being made to learn like the “sighted” students? My thoughts spilled out and my pen started to dance. I completed the task within 40 minutes. Indeed, I was no different from others; Ijust needed a quieter place. If Louis could find his way out of his problems, why should I ever give up?
I didn’t expect anything when I handled in my paper to Mrs.Smith, so it was quite a surprise when it came back to me the next day- with an“A” on it. At the bottom of the paper were these
words:“ See what you can do when you keep trying?”
36. The author didn’t finish the reading in class because.
A. He was new to the class B. He was tried of literature
C. He had an attention disorder D. He wanted to take the task home
37. What do we know about Louis Braille from the passage?
A. He had good sight B. He made a great invention.
C. He gave up reading D. He learned a lot from school
38. What was Mrs.Smith ‘s attitude to the author at the end of the story?
A. Angry B. Impatient C. Sympathetic D. Encouraging
38. What is the main idea of the passage?
A.The disabled should be treated with respect.
B.A teacher can open up a new world to students.
C. One can find his way out of difficulties with efforts.
D. Everyone needs a hand when faced with challenges.
【解析】
试题分析: 本文主要讲述作者有注意力紊乱，不想努力，在老师的激励下，克服困难的故事
38.D 推断题。根据最后一段提到so it was a surprise when it came back to me the next day—with an “A”当我看到作业上A时，非常的吃惊，史密斯小姐对我的态度是令人鼓励的，故选D项。
39.C 主旨大意。本文主要讲述作者有注意力紊乱，不想努力，在老师的激励下，克服困难的故事，故选C项。
【考点定位】日常生活类阅读
【名师点睛】本文是叙事性的文章，着重一些事实细节，认真阅读题干，找到问题的切入点，不可以自以为的事实做为判断的依据，而要立足于文章，而37
题属于推断题，则要根据排除来进行选择，且注意主语是谁，不可与文章的主人公混淆；38题是主旨大意，首先比较选项，排除完全没有意义的A项，再根据文章的大意来判断哪个答案更符合。
8.【2015·安徽】B
When her five daughters were young, Helene An always told them that there was strength in unity (团结). To show this, she held up one chopstick, representing one person. Then she easily broke it into two pieces. Next, she tied several chopsticks together, representing a family. She showed the girls it was hard to break the tied chopsticks. This lesson about family unity stayed with the daughters as they grew up.
Helene An and her family own a large restaurant business in California. However, when Helene and her husband Danny left their home in Vietnam in 1975, they didn't have much money. They moved their family to San Francisco. There they joined Danny's mother, Diana, who owned a small Italian sandwich shop. Soon afterwards, Helene and Diana changed the sandwich shop into a small Vietnamese restaurant. The five daughters helped in the restaurant when they were young. However, Helene did not want her daughters to always work in the family business because she thought it was too hard.
Eventually the girls all graduated from college and went away to work for themselves, but one by one, the daughters returned to work in the family business. They opened new restaurants in San Francisco and Los Angeles. Even though family members sometimes disagreed with each other, they worked together to make the business successful. Daughter Elisabeth explains, "Our mother taught us that to succeed we must have unity, and to have unity we must have peace. Without the strength of the family, there is no business."
Their expanding business became a large corporation in 1996, with three generations of Ans working together. Now the Ans' corporation makes more than $20 million each year. Although they began with a small restaurant, they had big dreams, and they worked together. Now they are a big success.
60. Helene tied several chopsticks together to show ______.
A. the strength of family unity B. the difficulty of growing up
C. the advantage of chopsticks D. the best way of giving a lesson
61. We can I earn from Paragraph 2 that the An family ______.
A. started a business in 1975 B. left Vietnam without much money
C. bought a restaurant in San Francisco D. opened a sandwich shop in Los Angeles
62. What can we infer about the An daughters?
A. They did not finish their college education.
B. They could not bear to work in the family business.
C. They were influenced by what Helene taught them.
D. They were troubled by disagreement among family members.
63. Which of the following can be the best title for the passage?
A. How to Run a Corporation B. Strength Comes from Peace
C. How to Achieve a Big Dream D. Family Unity Builds Success
【答案】
60. A
61. B
62. C
63. D
【解析】
试题分析：文章通过讲述一个家族企业的发展历程。作者以此来强调家庭团结的重要性。Helene和丈夫离开越南时，他们并不富有。Helene给她的女儿讲述了一个关于团结的故事。一双筷子很容易被折断，但是，当几双筷子绑在一起时，它们将很难被折断，对于家庭来说亦是如此。
60. A 细节理解题。根据第一段“she tied several chopsticks together, representing a family.
This lesson about family unity...”可知，Helene把筷子绑在一起并试着折断它们，是为了显示团结的力量。
61. B 细节理解题。根据“when Helene and her husband Danny left their home in Vietnam in 1975, they didn't have much money.”可知，当离开越南时，Helene夫妇并没有太多的钱。
62. C 推理判断题。根据倒数第二段“Eventually the girls all graduated from college”排除A；根据“the daughters returned to work in the family business”可知，Helene的女儿们相继都回到了家族企业，但文中未提到她们无法承受家族企业里的工作，排除B；根据“they worked together to make the business successful”可知，虽然有分歧，但她们还是齐心协力地工作，排除D。
63. D 选择最佳标题。根据第一段“Helene An always told them that there was strength in unity (
团结).”和第三段“to succeed we must have unity”与第四段“and they worked together. Now they are a big success.”可知，文文章主要讲的是家庭团结对取得成功的重要性。文章没有讲怎样经营一家大型公司，也没有提到怎样实现伟大梦想。
【考点定位】故事类短文阅读
【名师点睛】细节理解题比较简单，考生可以从文中直接找到提示；推理判断题需要从文中找到排除某一个选项的依据，而不能主观臆断。选择最佳标题，需要注意排除绝对化或片面的选项，要放眼全文，从手段和末段寻找文章的主旨大意。
9.【2015·新课标全国II】A
My color television has given me nothing but a headache. I was able to buy it a little over a year ago because I had my relatives give me money for my birthday instead of clothes that wouldn’t fit. I let a salesclerk fool me into buying a discontinued model. I realized this a day later, when I saw newspaper advertisements for the set at seventy-five dollars less than I had paid. The set worked so beautiful when I first got it home that I would keep it on until stations signed off for the night. Fortunately, I didn’t get any channels showing all-night movies or I would never have gotten to bed.
Then I started developing a problem with the set that involved static(静电) noise. For some reason, when certain shows switched into a commercial, a loud noise would sound for a few seconds. Gradually, this noise began to appear during a show, and to get rid of it, I had to change to another channel and then change it back. Sometimes this technique would not work, and I had to pick up the set and shake it to remove the sound. I actually began to build up my arm muscles(肌肉) shaking my set.
When neither of these methods removed the static noise, I would sit helplessly and wait for the noise to go away. At last I ended up hitting the set with my first, and it stopped working altogether. My trip to the repair shop cost me $62, and the sit is working well now, but I keep expecting more trouble.
21. Why did the author say he was fooled into buying the TV set?
A. He got an older model than he had expected.
B. He couldn’t return it when it was broken.
C. He could have bought it at a lower price.
D. He failed to find any movie shows on it.
22. Which of the following an best replace the phrase “signed off” in paragraph 1?
A. ended all their programs
A. provided fewer channels
B. changed to commercials
C. showed all-night movies
23. How did the author finally get this TV set working again?
A. By shaking and hitting it
B. By turning it on and off
C. By switching channels
D. By having it repaired
24. How does the author sound when telling the story?
A. Curious
B. Anxious
C. Cautious
D. Humorous
【答案】
21. C
22. A
23. D
24. D
21. C 细节理解题。根据第一段第四行“when I saw newspaper advertisements for the set at seventy-five dollars less than I had paid.” 当我看到报纸上75美元比我买的价格低的时候，我感觉我上当了。故选C。
22.A 词义推测题。根据后一句Fortunately, I didn’t get any channels showing all-night movies or I would never have gotten to bed.：幸运的是，我没有可以整晚看电影的频道，否则我就不能睡觉了，故选A。
23.D 细节理解题。根据文章最后一段的My trip to the repair shop cost me $62，可知作者由于用拳头砸电视，导致电视没了噪音，也什么都不出了。最后只好自己花钱去修理店修电视机，共花了62美元，故选D。
24.D推理判断题。根据开头Fortunately, I didn’t get any channels showing all-night movies or I would never have gotten to bed.意思是说：看不了电视节目就可以睡觉；中间还说I actually began to build up my arm muscles(肌肉) shaking my set.意思是：晃动电视的同时还锻炼了胳膊上肌肉，可知作者很诙谐幽默。故选D。
【考点定位】故事类短文阅读
【名师点睛】本文以考查学生对本故事的内容是否理解为主要考点，以细节理解题为主，兼顾对词语在语境中的意义的考查。最后一题较难，推断作者对事情的态度，考生需要在全文中寻找有关线索，尤其对Fortunately, I didn’t get any channels showing all-night movies or I would never have gotten to bed.的理解很关键，or I would never have gotten to bed.是一个虚拟语气句，看不成电视反而成了好事；I actually began to build up my arm muscles(肌肉) shaking my set，晃电视是因为有噪音，作者竟然还提到锻炼了胳膊的肌肉，从中可以看出作者幽默的一面。
10.【2015·福建】B
Papa, as a son of a dirt-poor farmer, left school early and went to work in a factory, for education was for the rich then. So, the world became his school. With great interest, he read everything he could lay his hands on, listened to the town elders and learned about the world beyond his tiny hometown. "There's so much to learn," he'd say. "Though we're born stupid, only the stupid remain that way. " He was determined that none of his children would be denied ( fll^fe) an education.
Thus, Papa insisted that we learn at least one new thing each day. Though, as children, we thought this was crazy, it would never have occurred to us to deny Papa a request. And dinner time seemed perfect for sharing what we had learned. We would talk about the news of the day; no matter how insignificant, it was never taken lightly. Papa would listen carefully and was ready with some comment, always to the point.
Then came the moment—the time to share the day's new learning.
Papa, at the head of the table, would push back his chair and pour a glass of red wine, ready to listen.
"Felice," he'd say, "tell me what you learned today. "
"I learned that the population of Nepal is .... "
Silence.
Papa was thinking about what was said, as if the salvation of the world would depend upon it.
"The population of Nepal. Hmm. Well . . . . " he'd say. "Get the map; let's see wrhere Nepal is. " And the wThole family
went on a search for Nepal.
This same experience was repeated until each family member had a turn. Dinner ended only after we had a clear understanding of at least half a dozen such facts.
As children, we thought very little about these educational wonders. Our family, however, was growing together, sharing experiences and participating in one another's education. And by looking at us, listening to us, respecting our input, affirming our value, giving us a sense of dignity, Papa was unquestionably our most influential teacher.
Later during my training as a future teacher /1 studied with some of the most famous educators. They were imparting what Papa had known all along—the value of continual learning. His technique has served me well all my life. Not a single day has been wasted, though I can never tell when knowing the population of Nepal might prove useful.
60.What do we know from the first paragraph?
A. The author's father was born in a worker's family.
B. Those born stupid could not change their life.
C. The town elders wanted to learn about the world.
D. The poor could hardly afford school education.
61.The underlined word "it" in the second paragraph refers to "
A. one new thing B. a request C. the news D. some comment
62.It can be learned from the passage that the author .
A. enjoyed talking about news
B. knew very well about Nepal
C. felt regret about those wasted days
D . appreciated his father's educational technique
63What is the greatest value of "dinner time" to the author?
A. Continual learning. B. Showing talents.
C. Family get-together. D. Winning Papa's approval.
64.The author's father can be best described as .
A. an educator expert at training future teachers
B. a parent insistent on his children's education
C. a participant willing to share his knowledge
D. a teacher strict about everything his students did
【解析】
试题分析：考查记叙文阅读。本文是一篇记叙文，通过对父亲的教育方式的描写，表达了作者对于父亲的敬爱。
60.D细节理解题。根据第一段第一句最后半句，for education was for the rich then. So, the world became his school.因为教育是对有钱人开放的，所以世界城了爸爸的学校。可以推断出作为一个穷人的爸爸付不起学费，故选D
63.A分析推断题。根据最后一段倒数第二句His technique has served me well all my life. 他的教育方式使我受用终生。而该句前一句中又提到父亲的教育方式就是持续性的教育，故选A
64.B分析推断题。从全文来看，我们可以知道父亲的教育方针就是让我们持续性的学习，故可以知道父亲是一个坚持着教育孩子的人。故选B
【考点定位】记叙文阅读。
【名师点睛】记叙文的文章更相对而言是比较容易做，贴近生活，但需要的是一个细心和理解。答案都是在文章中可以找到或者通过文中的线索分析出来，必须一个一个选项匹配排除，最终才能够得出最佳答案。只要掌握了每一段的大意，做题就不会太难。
2014年高考试题
阅读理解之故事类
【2014·四川卷】C
A schoolgirl saved her father's life by kicking him in the chest after he suffered a serious allergic (过敏的) reaction which stopped his heart.
Izzy, nine, restarted father Colm's heart by stamping (踩) on his chest after he fell down at home
and stopped breathing.
Izzy's mother, Debbie, immediately called 999 but Izzy knew doctors would never arrive in time to save her father, so decided to use CPR.
However, she quickly discovered her arms weren't strong enough, so she stamped on her father's chest .Debbie then took over with some more conventional chest compressions (按压) until the ambulance arrived .
Izzy, who has been given a bravery award by her school, said: "I just kicked him really hard. My mum taught me CPR but I knew I wasn't strong enough to use hands. I was quite scared. The doctor said I might as well be a doctor or a nurse. My mum said that Dad was going to hospital with a big footprint on his
"She's a little star," said Debbie, "i was really upset but Izzy just took over. I just can't believe what she did. I really think all children should be taught first aid. Izzy did CPR then the doctor turned up. Colm had to have more treatment on the way to the hospital and we've got to see an expert."
Truck driver Colm, 35, suffered a mystery allergic reaction on Saturday and was taken to hospital, but was sent home only for it to happen again the next day. The second attack was so serious that his airway swelled, preventing him from breathing, his blood pressure dropped suddenly, and his heart stopped for a moment.
He has now made a full recovery from his suffering.
【小题1】. Izzy kicked her father in the chest ______ .
A. to express her helplessness B. to practise CPR on him
C. to keep him awake D. to restart his heart
【小题2】. What's the right order of the events?
1Izzy kicked Colm.
2Debbie called 999.
3Izzy learned CPR.
4Colm's heart stopped.
A. 3124 B. 4231 C. 3421 D. 4312
【小题3】 What does Paragraph 8 mainly talk about?
A. What Colm suffered.
B. Colm's present condition.
C. What caused Colm's allergy.
D. Symptoms of Colm's allergic reaction.
【小题4】. Why does the author write the news?
A. To describe a serious accident.
B. To prove the importance of CPR.
C. To report a 9-year-old girl's brave act.
D. To call people's attention to allergic reaction.
【答案】
【小题1】D
【小题2】C
【小题3】A
【小题4】C
【解析】
试题分析: 本文属于记叙文范畴，在文中作者主要讲述了9岁的小女孩Lzzy当父亲心脏病发作时采取急救的事情。Lzzy的母亲曾经教给Lzzy一些急救措施，当看到父亲心脏病发作的时候，她因为手的力气小，而用脚去踩父亲的胸口，以达到使心脏恢复跳动的目的。机智勇敢的Lzzy她不仅救了父亲，而且对此也受到了学校的奖励。
【小题1】D考查细节理解。根据文章第二段lzzy, nine , restarted father Colm’s heart by stamping on his chest 可知Lzzy自知自己力气小，用手很难达到急救的目的，她用脚踩父亲胸口的目的就是为了让他的心脏恢复跳动，故答案选D。
【小题2】C考查细节理解。本道排序题的解题重点是首尾确定法，文章采取倒叙的手法，先描述了Lzzy对父亲采取的急救措施，然后在下文又提到以前母亲教给过Lzzy如何急救，所以Lzzy学会急救方法是最先发生的事情，排除BC选项。再根据作者对事件的叙述可知在父亲晕倒后，母亲去拨打了急救电话，而她怕医生不能及时赶到而又去对父亲采取了必要的急救措施，选C。
【小题3】A考查细节理解。在文章第八段中作者对Colm，也就是Lzzy的父亲进行了介绍，这位卡车司机因病而住院接受治疗，然而在出院的第二天病症又次发生，以至于呼吸停止，由此可知本段内容主要讲述了Colm发病的事情，故答案选A。
【小题4】C考查推理判断。在文章中作者主要讲述了当父亲发病，呼吸心脏停止的时候，Lzzy
采取急救行动救父亲的故事，通过这件事描写了小女孩lzzy的勇敢，而其他选项内容片面，不能反应文章的中心，故答案选C。
考点：考查故事类短文阅读。
【2014·四川卷】B
In 1943, when I was 4, my parents moved from Coeur d'Alene, Idaho, to Fairbanks, Alaska, where adventure was never very far away.
We arrived in the summer, just in time to enjoy the midnight sun. All that sunlight was fantastic for Mom's vegetable garden. Working in the garden at midnight tended to throw her timing off, so she didn't care much about my bedtime.
Dad was a Railway Express agent and Mom was his clerk. That left me in a mess. I usually managed to find some trouble to get into. Once I had a little Are going in the dirt basement of a hotel. I had tried to light a barrel（桶） of paint but couldn't really get a good fire going. The smoke got pretty bad, though, and when 1 made my exit, a crowd and the police were there to greet me. The policemen took my matches and drove me
Mom and Dad were occupied in the garden and Dad told the police to keep me, and they did! I had a tour of the prison before Mom rescued me. 1 hadn't turned 5 yet.
As I entered kindergarten, the serious cold began to set in. Would it surprise you to know that I soon left part of my tongue on a metal handrail at school?
As for Leonhard Seppala, famous as a dog sledder (驾雪橇者), I think I knew him well because I was taken for a ride with his white dog team one Sunday. At the time I didn't realize what a superstar he was, but I do remember the ride well. I was wrapped (包裹) heavily and well sheltered from the freezing and blowing weather.
In 1950, we moved back to Coeur d'Alene, but we got one more Alaskan adventure when Leonhard invited us eight years later by paying a visit to Idaho to attend a gathering of former neighbors of Alaska.
【小题1】. What can be inferred about the author's family?
A. His father was a cruel man. B. His parents didn't love him.
C. His parents used to be very busy. D. His mother didn't have any jobs.
【小题2】. What happened when the author was 4?
A. He learned to smoke. B. He was locked in a
basement.
C. He was arrested by the police. D. He nearly caused a fire accident.
【小题3】. Which of the following is true?
A. Leonhard was good at driving dog sleds.
B. The author spent his whole childhood in Alaska.
C. Leonhard often visited the author's family after 1950.
D. The author suffered a lot while taking the dog sled in Alaska.
【小题4】. What is the author's purpose of writing the text?
A. To look back on his childhood with adventures.
B. To describe the extreme weather of Alaska.
C. To express how much he misses Leonhard.
D. To show off his pride in making trouble.
【答案】
【小题1】C
【小题2】D
【小题3】A
【小题4】A
【小题1】C考查推理判断。根据文章第二段Working in the garden at midnight tended to throw her timing off,和第三段内容Dad was a Railway Express agent and Mom was his clerk. That left me in a mess. 可知在铁路部门工作的父母忙于工作无瑕顾及作者，由此判断作者的父母非常忙碌，选C。
【小题2】D考查细节理解。在文章第三段和第四段作者讲述了自己小时候玩火差点酿成火灾的事情，然后在第四段末尾提到1 hadn't turned 5 yet.当时我还不到5
岁，由此可知当作者四岁的时候他的淘气险些酿成火灾，正确答案为D。
【小题3】A考查细节理解。从文章末段内容可知作者后来搬家了，故 B选项内容错误，而C选项中作者提到Leonhard1950年以后还经常去他家，内容与文章末段提示的信息矛盾，故排除。根据文章第四段As for Leonhard Seppala, famous as a dog sledder和but I do remember the ride well.可知Leonhard Seppala以驾雪橇的高超技术而著名，而且作者第一次的乘坐雪橇也是非常愉快的，故D选项错误，答案选A。
【小题4】A考查主旨大意。文章开头提出自己在四岁的时候，一家人搬到了阿拉斯加，在那里他的冒险生活就开始了，然后在下文中作者回忆了在那里发生的的事情，由此可知本文主要讲述了作者小时候的事情，是作者对童年的回忆，选A。
考点：考查故事类短文阅读。
【2014·全国新课标II】A
Arriving in Sydney on his own from India, my husband ,Rashid, stayed in a hotel for a short time while looking for a house for me and our children.
During the first week of his stay, he went out one day to do some shopping. He came back in the late afternoon to discover that his suitcase was gone. He was extremely worried as the suitcase had all his important papers, including his passport.
He reported the case to the police and then sat there，lost and lonely in strange city, thinking of the terrible troubles of getting all the paperwork organized again from a distant country while trying to settle down in a new one.
Late in the evening, the phone rang. It was a stranger. He was trying to pronounce my husband’s name and was asking him a lot of questions. Then he said they had found a pile of papers in their trash can（垃圾桶）that had been left out on the footpath.
My husband rushed to their home to find a kind family holding all his papers and documents. Their young daughter had gone to the trash can and found a pile of unfamiliar papers. Her parents had carefully sorted them out, although they had found mainly foreign addresses on most of the documents. At last they had seen a half-written letter in the pile in which my husband had given his new telephone number to a friend.
That family not only restored the important documents to us that day but also restored our faith and trust in people. We still remember their kindness and often send a warm wish their way.
【小题1】.What did Rashid plan to do after his arrival in Sydney?
A. Go shopping
B. Find a house
C. Join his family
D. Take his family
【小题2】.The girl’s parents got Rashid’s phone number from_______.
A. a friend of his family
B. a Sydney policeman
C. a letter in his papers
D. a stranger in Sydney
【小题3】.What does the underlined word “restored” in the last paragraph mean?
A. Showed
B. Sent out
C. Delivered
D. Gave back
【小题4】.Which of the following can be the best title for the text?
A. From India to Australia.
B. Living in a New Country.
C. Turning Trash to Treasure.
D. In Search of New Friends.
【答案】
【小题1】B
【小题2】C
【小题3】D
【小题4】C
【解析】
试题分析: 本文属于记叙文题材。在文中作者讲述了她们一家经历的一件事情。作者的丈夫不慎丢失了文件包，正当着急的时候，有人打电话给送了回来，原来是那家人的小孩在垃圾桶旁边发现了这些文件，通过这件事作者一家不仅找回了丢失的文件也找回了对人们的信任。
【小题1】B 考查细节理解。根据文章首段Rashid, stayed in a hotel for a short time while looking for a short time while looking for a house可知作者的丈夫Rashid
独自一人到了悉尼后住在旅馆中，同时到处去给家人找房子住，故答案选B。
【小题2】C 考查细节理解。 根据文章倒数第二段At last they had seen a half-written letter in the pile in which my husband had given his new telephone number to a friend.可知陌生人一家是通过作者丈夫文件中一封信里的内容得知他的电话号码的，故答案选C。
【小题3】D 考查猜测词义。A展示；B寄出；C运送；D归还。C选项容易被误选，要注意deliver侧重送货上门，而根据文章倒数第二段My husband rushed to their home to find a kind family holding all his papers and documents.可知那家人把捡到的文件替作者的丈夫保存着，然后亲自送还给他，由此判断“归还”更符合语境，故答案选B。
【小题4】C 考查文章标题。文章讲述了作者的丈夫丢失的物品被人认为是垃圾而扔到了垃圾箱里，但是有一个好心的家庭却把那些文件等规整好送还给作者的丈夫，这些别人眼里的垃圾对作者的丈夫来说却是重要的，由此判断C选项内容更能体现文章中心，故答案选C。
考点：考查故事类短文阅读。
【2014·陕西卷】B
When I told my father that I was moving to Des Moines, Iowa, he told me about the only time he had been there. It was in the 1930s, when he was an editor if the literary magazine of Southern Methodist University（SMU）in Dallas, Texas. He also worked as a professor at SMU, and there was a girl student in his class who suffered from a serious back disease. She couldn;t afford the operation because her family was poor.
Her mother ran a boardinghouse in Galveston, a seaside town near Houston, Texas. She was cleaning out the attic（阁楼）one day when she came across an old dusty manuscript（手稿）. On its top page were the words, “By O. Henry”. It was a nice story, and she sent it to her daughter at SMU, who showed it to my father. My father had never read the story before, but it sounded like O. Henry, and he knew that O. Henry had once lived in Houston. So it was possible that the famous author had gone to the beach and stayed in the Gainestown boardinghouse, and had written the story there and left the manuscript behind by accident. My father visited an O. Henry expert at Columbia University in New York, who authenticated the story as O. Henry’s.
My father then set out to sell it. Eventfully, he foud himself in Des Moines, meeting with Gardner Cowles, a top editor at the Des Moines Register. Cowles loves the story and bought it on the spot. My father took the money to the girl. It was just enough for her to have the operation she so
desperately needed.
My father never told me what the O. Henry story was about. But i doubt that it could have been better than his own story.
【小题1】 Who found the O. Henry’s manuscript?
A. The girl’s mother. B. The author’s father.
C. The girl. D. The author.
【小题2】Which of the following might explain the fact that the manuscript was found in the attic?
A. O. Henry once worked in Houston. B. O. Henry once stayed in Galveston.
C. O. Henry once moved to Des Moines. D. O. Henry once taught at SMU.
【小题3】The underlined word “authenticated” in Paragraph 2 probably means __________.
A. named B. treated C. proved D. described
【小题4】According to the text, why did the author’s father go to Des Moines?
A. To sell the O. Henry story. B. To meet the author himself.
C. To talk with the O. Henry expert. D. To give money to the girl.
【答案】
【小题1】A
【小题2】B
【小题3】C
【小题4】A
【解析】
试题分析：文章大意：这是一位处于贫困中的母亲在发现O.Henry书稿时没有私藏，而是转交给作者的父亲，作者的父亲让专家鉴定后将书稿卖的钱如数给小女孩的母亲，生病的孩子得救了。
【小题3】C考查猜测词义。根据前文作者的父亲找到一位专家应是“证明”是O.Henry的作品。A命名；B对待；C证明；D描述。故选C。
【小题4】A考查细节理解。根据最后一段的My father then set out to sell it我父亲然后出发去把它卖掉，可知选A。
考点：考查故事类短文阅读
【2014·天津卷】C
“Dad,” I say one day …..take a trip. Why don’t you fly and meet me?”
My father had just retired……….. His job filled his day, his thought, his life. While he woke up and took a warm shower, I screamed under a freezing waterfall Peru. While he tied a tie and put on the same Swiss watch, I rowed a boat across Lake of the Ozarks.
My father sees me drifting aimlessly, nothing to show for my 33 years but a passport full of funny stamps. He wants me to settle down, but now I want him to find an adventure.
He agrees to travel with me through the national parks. We meet four weeks later in Rapid City.
“ What is our first stop?” asks my father.
“What time is it?”
“Still don’t have a watch?”
Less than an hour away is Mount Rushmore. As he stares up at the four Presidents carved in granite(), his mouth and eyes open slowly, like those of little boy.
“Unbelievable,” he says, “How was this done?”
A film in the information center shows sculptor Gutzon Borglum devoted 14 years to the sculpture and then left the final touches to his son.
We stare up and I ask myself, Would I ever devote my life to anything?
No directions, …… I always used to hear those words in my father’s voice. Now I hear them in my own.
The next day we’re at Yellowstone National Park, where we have a picnic.
“Did you ever travel with your dad? I ask.
“Only once,” he says. “ I never spoke much with my father. We loved each other---but never said it. Whatever he could give me, he gave.”>
The kast sebtebce----it’s probably the same thing I’s say about my father. And what I’d want my child to say about me.
In Glacier National Park, my father says, “I’ve never seen water so blue.” I have, in several places of the world, I can keep traveling, I realize--- and maybe a regular job won’t be as dull as I feared.
Weeks after our trip, I call my father.
“The photos from the trip are wonderful,” he says.” We have got to take another trip like that sometime.
I tell him I’ve learn decided to settle down, and I’m wearing a watch.
【小题1】We can learn from Paragraphs 2 and 3 that the father _________.
A. followed the fashion
B. got bored with his job
C. was unhappy with……
D. liked the author’s collection of stamps
【小题2】 What does the author realize at Mount Rushmore?
A. His father is interested in sculpture
B. His father is as innocent as a little boy
C. He should learn sculpture in the future
D. He should pursue a specific aim in life.
【小题3】From the underlined paragraph, we can see that the author________.
A. wants his children to learn from their grandfather
B. comes to understand what parental love means
C. learns how to communicate with his father
D. hopes to give whatever he can to his father
【小题4】What could be inferred about the author and his father from the end of the story?
A. The call solves their disagreements
B. The Swiss watch has drawn them closer
C. They decide to learn photography together.
D. They begin to change their attitudes to life
【小题5】What could be the best title for the passage?
A. Love Nature, Love Life
B. A Son Lost in Adventure
C. A Journey with Dad
D.The Art of Travel
【答案】
【小题1】C
【小题2】D
【小题3】B
【小题4】D
【小题5】C
【试题分析】
【文章大意】本文是一篇记叙文。叙述了作者的父亲在退休前一直忙于工作，没有时间走出去旅行，而儿子平时整天我所事事。在儿子的请求下，父子两个进行了一次旅行，通过这次旅行两人都改变了对人生的观点。
【小题1】C. 考查细节理解。我们从2、3段能够了解到关于父亲的什么。根据My father sees me driffing aimlessly,nothing to show for my 33 years.可知父亲对作者的生活方式不满，故选C。
【小题2】D. 考查判断推理。作者在Mount Rushmore意识到什么？根据I realize—and maybe a regular job won’t be as dull as I feared.可以推知作者意识到自己应该有自己的人生目标了，故选D。
【小题3】B. 考查句意理解。从划线的句子我们看到作者的什么情况。根据划线的句子的内容可知作者想说的关于父亲的话，和作者的孩子说的关于作者的话内容是一样的。可知这里指的是作者慢慢地理解了父母对孩子的爱。故选B。
【小题4】D. 考查判断推理。从故事的结尾可以推出作者和父亲怎样了。根据最后的几句父亲和作者的话，父亲要改变以前的做法，想要在将来的某个时候继续旅行，作者决定安顿下来，不再无所事事，所以可推出他们通过这次旅行都改变了各自的人生观点，故选D。
考点：故事类阅读。
【2014·湖南卷】B
In the mid-1950s, I was a somewhat bored early-adolescent male student who believed that
doing any more than necessary was wasted effort. One day, this approach threw me into embarrassment
In Mrs. Totten’s eighth-grade math class at Central Avenue School in Anderson, Indiana, we were learning to add and subtract decimals (小数).
Our teacher typically assigned daily homework, which would be recited in class the following day. On most days, our grades were based on our oral answer to homework questions.
Mrs. Totten usually walked up and down the rows of desks requesting answers from student after student in the order the questions had appeared on our homework sheets. She would start either at the front or the back of the classroom and work toward the other end.
Since I was seated near the middle of about 35 students, it was easy to figure out which questions I might have to answer. This particular time, I had completed my usual two or three problems according to my calculations.
What I failed to expect was that several students were absent, which threw off my estimate. As Mrs. Totten made her way from the beginning of the class，I desperately tried to determine which math problem I would get. I tried to work it out before she got to me, but I had brain freeze and couldn’t function.
When Mrs. Totten reached my desk，she asked what answer I’d got for problem No. 14. “I…I didn’t get anything,” I answered，and my face felt warm.
“Correct,” she said.
It turned out that the correct answer was zero.
What did I learn that day? First, always do all your homework. Second, in real life it isn’t always what you say but how you say it that matters. Third，I would never make it as a mathematician.
If I could choose one school day that taught me the most, it would be that one.
【小题1】What does the underlined part in Paragraph 1 indicate?
A.It is wise to value one’s time.
B.It is important to make an effort
C.It is right to stick to one’s belief.
D.It is enough to do the necessary.
【小题2】Usually, Mrs. Totten asked her students to _______.
A. recite their homework together
B.grade their homework themselves
C.answer their homework questions orally
D.check the answers to their homework questions
【小题3】The author could work out which questions to answer since the teacher always _______.
A.asked questions in a regular way
B.walked up and down when asking questions
C.chose two or three questions for the students
D.requested her students to finish their usual questions
【小题4】The author failed to get the questions he had expected because _______.
A.the class didn’t begin as usual
B.several students didn’t come to school
C.he didn’t try hard to make his estimate
D.Mrs. Totten didn’t start from the back of the class
【小题5】 Which of the following can be the best title for the passage?
A.An Unforgettable Teacher
B.A Future Mathematician
C.An Effective Approach
D.A Valuable Lesson
【答案】
【小题1】D
【小题2】C
【小题3】A
【小题4】B
【小题5】D
【解析】
试题分析：文章大意：本文是一篇记叙文。作者回忆了自己青春期早期，非常的自负。然而，在一堂数学课上所发生的一件尴尬的事情，给作者一次有价值的教训，也让作者明白了许多道理。
【小题1】D考查句意理解。根据文章第一段I was a somewhat bored early-adolescent male student who believed that doing any more than necessary was wasted effort.
及下文作者的讲述可知此句的含义是：做任何必要的都是白费力气。故D正确。
【小题2】C考查细节理解。根据文章第三段最后一句On most days, our grades were based on our oral answer to homework questions.可知作者的数学老师要求学生口头回答家庭作业的问题。故C正确。
【小题3】A考查细节理解。根据文章第五段中Since I was seated near the middle of about 35 students, it was easy to figure out which questions I might have to answer.可知作者坐中间，很容易推算出他要回答的问题。故A正确。
【小题4】B考查细节理解。根据文章第六段首句What I failed to expect was that several students were absent, which threw off my estimate.可知由于几位同学缺席，导致了不能够知道他回答哪个问题。故B正确。
【小题5】D考查文章标题。文章作者回忆了自己青春期早期，在一堂数学课上所发生的尴尬的事情，给作者一次有价值的教训。故D正确。
考点：考查记叙文阅读
【2014·浙江卷】D
A city child’s summer is spent in the street in front of his home, and all through the long summer vacations I sat on the edge of the street and watched enviously the other boys on the block play baseball. I was never asked to take part even when one team had a member missing—not out of special cruelty, but because they took it for granted I would be no good at it. They were right, of course.
I would never forget the wonderful evening when something changed. The baseball ended about eight or eight thirty when it grew dark. Then it was the custom of the boys to retire to a little stoop(门廊) that stuck out from the candy store on the corner and that somehow had become theirs. No grownup ever sat there or attempted to. There the boys would sit, mostly talking about the games played during the day and of the game to be played tomorrow. Then long silences would fall and the boys would wander off one by one. It was just after one of those long silences that my life as an outsider changed. I can no longer remember which boy it was that summer evening who broke the silence with a question: but whoever he was, I nod to him gratefully now. “What’s in those books you’re always reading?” he asked casually. “Stories,” I answered. “What kind?” asked somebody else without much interest.
Nor do I know what drove me to behave as I did,for usually I just sat there in silence, glad enough to be allowed to reain among them; but instead of answering his question, I told them for two hours the story I was reading at the moment. The book was Sister Carrie. They listened bug-eyed and breathless. I must have told it well, but I think there was another and deeper reason that made them to keep an audience. Listening to a tale being told in the dark is one of the most ancient of man’s entertainments, but I was offering them as well, without being aware of doing it, a new and exciting experience.
The books they themselves read were the Rover Boys or Tom Swift or G.A.Henty. I had read them too, but at thirteen I had long since left them behind. Since I was much alone I had become an enthusiastic reader and I had gone through the books-for-boys series. In those days there was no reading material between children’s and grownups’books or I could find none. I had gone right fromTome Swift and His Flying Machine to Theodore Dreiser and Sister Carrie. Dreiser had hit my young mind, and they listened to me tell the story with some of the wonder that I had had in reading it.
The next night and many nights thereafter, a kind of unspoken ritual (仪式) took place. As it grew dark, I would take my place in the center of the stoop and begin the evening’s tale. Some nights, in order to taste my victory more completely, I cheated. I would stop at the most exciting part of a story by Jack London or Bret Harte, and without warning tell them that that was as far as I had gone in the book and it would have to be continued the following evening. It was not true, of course; but I had to make certain of my new-found power and position. I enjoyed the long summer evenings until school began in the fall. Other words of mine have been listened to by larger and more fashionable audiences, but for that tough and athletic one that sat close on the stoop outside the candy store, I have an unreasoning love that will last forever.
【小题1】 Watching the boys playing baseball, the writer must have felt ________.
A. bitter and lonely B. special and different
C. pleased and excited D. disturbed and annoyed
【小题2】 The writer feels grateful even now to the boy who asked the question because the boy ________.
A. invited him to join in their game
B. liked the book that he was reading
C. broke the long silence of that summer evening
D. offered him an opportunity that changed his life
【小题3】 According to Paragraph 3, story-telling was popular among the boys basically because ________.
A. the story was from a children’s book B. listening to tales was an age-old practice
C. the boys had few entertainments after dark D. the boys didn’t read books by themselves
【小题4】 The boys were attracted to Sister Carrie because ________.
A. it was written by Theodore Dreiser B. it was specifically targeted at boys
C. it gave them a deeper feeling of pleasure D. it talked about the wonders of the world
【小题5】 Sometimes the writer stopped at the most exciting part of a story to _______.
A. play a mean trick on the boys B. experience more joy of achievement
C. add his own imagination to the story D. help the boys understand the story better
【小题6】 What is the message conveyed in the story?
A. One can find his position in life in his own way.
B. Friendship is built upon respect for each other.
C. Reading is more important than playing games.
D. Adult habits are developed from childhood.
【答案】
【小题1】A
【小题2】D
【小题3】B
【小题4】C
【小题5】B
【小题6】A
【小题2】D 推理判断题。作者直到现在都对那个问他问题的男孩充满感激是因为什么？根据短文第二段的内容可知，因为这个男孩的提问，打破了沉默，也让一直总是沉默的作者融入了他们当中，改变了作者的生活。故应该选D。
【小题3】B细节理解题。根据第三段的内容，讲故事在这些孩子们孩子很受欢迎，是因为什么？根据第三段中Listening to a tale being told in the dark is one of the most ancient of man’s entertainments可知，在晚上听故事是男人们最古老的的娱乐形式之一，即听故事是有很久的历史的，是很传统的。故应该选B。
【小题4】C推理判断题。这些孩子们被Sister Carrie 的故事吸引了是因为什么？根据短文第四段的内可知，那些孩子们读过的书，作者早已读过。并且因为作者总是不合群，所以特别热爱读书。当作者给他们讲他们从没听过的故事的时候，孩子们立刻被吸引住了，这给了他们更多的快乐。故应该选C。
【小题5】B细节理解题。有时候作者会在故事中最令人激动的地方停下来是为了什么？根据短文最后一段中Some nights, in order to taste my victory more completely, I would stop at the most exciting part of the story.，作者在故事中最令人激动的地方停下来，看着那些孩子们被故事所吸引，作者感受到了自己的成功，所以是为了享受自己的成功。由此可知选B。
【小题6】A主旨大意题。这篇短文中，一开始作者只是一些打棒球的孩子们的旁观者，一个偶然的机会，作者给他们讲了他正在读的一本书的故事，吸引了这些孩子们的注意力，融入了他们的世界。作者通过他的亲身经历告诉诉我们，每个人都可以有自己的方法找到他在生活中的位置。故选A。
考点：故事类短文阅读。
【2014·浙江卷】A
Wealth starts with a goal saving a dollar at a time. Call it the piggy bank strategy(策略). There are lessons in that time-honored coin-saving container.
Any huge task seems easier when reduced to baby steps. I f you wished to climb a 12,000-foot mountain, and could do it a day at a time, you would only have to climb 33 feet daily to reach the top in a year. If you want to take a really nice trip in 10 years for a special occasion, to collect the $15,000 cost, you have to save $3.93 a day. If you drop that into a piggy bank and then once a year put $1,434 in a savings account at 1% interest rate after-tax, you will have your trip money.
When I was a child, my parents gave me a piggy bank to teach me that, if I wanted something, I should save money to buy it. We associate piggy banks with children, but in many countries, the little containers are also popular with adults. Europeans see a piggy bank as a sign of good fortune and wealth. Around the world, many believe a gift of a piggy bank on New Year’s Day brings good luck and financial success. Ah, but you have to put something in it.
Why is a pig used as a symbol of saving? Why not an elephant bank, which is bigger and holds more coins? In the Middle Ages, before modern banking and credit instruments, people saved money at home, a few coins at a time dropped into a jar or dish. Potters(制陶工) made these inexpensive containers from an orange-colored clay(黏土) called “pygg,” and folks saved coins in pygg jars.The Middle English word
for pig was “pigge”. While the Saxons pronounced pygg, referring to the clay, as “pug”, eventually the two words changed into the same pronunciation, sounding the “i” as in pig or piggy. As the word became less associated with the orange clay and more with the animal, a clever potter fashioned a pygg jar in the shape of a pig, delighting children and adults. The piggy bank was born.
Originally you had to break the bank to get to the money, bringing in a sense of seriousness into savings. While piggy banks teach children the wisdom of saving, adults often need to relearn childhood lessons. Think about the things in life that require large amounts of money--- college education, weddings, cars, medical care, starting a business, buying a home, and fun stuff like great trips. So when you have money, take off the top 10%, put it aside, save and invest wisely.
【小题1】 What is the piggy bank strategy?
A. Paying 1% income tax at a time.
B. Setting a goal before making a travel plan.
C. Aiming high even when doing small things.
D. Putting aside a little money regularly for future use.
【小题2】 Why did the writer’s parents give him a piggy bank as a gift?
A. To delight him with the latest fashion. B. To encourage him to climb mountains.
C. To help him form the habit of saving. D. To teach him English pronunciation.
【小题3】 What does then underlined word “something”(Paragraph 3) most probably refer to?
A. Money B. Gifts
C. Financial success D. Good luck
【小题4】 The piggy ban originally was _________.
A. a potter’s instrument B. a cheap clay container
C. an animal-shaped dish D. a pig-like toy for children
【小题5】 The last paragraph talks about ________.
A. the seriousness of educating children B. the enjoyment of taking a great trip
C. the importance of managing money D. the difficulty of starting a business
【答案】
【小题1】D
【小题2】C
【小题3】A
【小题4】B
【小题5】C
【解析】
【试题分析】这是一篇记叙文。这篇短文给我们讲述的是小猪银行策略，即存钱罐定期地存钱，这样不仅可以让孩子养成攒钱的好习惯，对于成年人来说，为以后的生活定期地存钱也是很有意义的。
【小题3】A词义猜测题。划线的单词something
最有可能指代的是什么？根据这个单词所在的句子和这一段的内容可知，有了存钱罐，你可以慢慢攒钱，买你想要的东西，当然，你必须得往里放钱。所以这里的something指的就是钱。故选A。
【小题4】B细节理解题。小猪银行原本是什么？根据短文第四段的内容可知，很久以前，还没有现在的银行的时候，人们在家里攒钱，把一颗颗硬币放在一个用黏土制成的罐子里。后来慢慢演变成了现在的存钱罐。故应该选B。
【小题5】C段落大意题。最后一段讲述的什么？根据短文最后一段的内容可知，这一段讲述的是我们用存钱罐攒钱的意义是什么，他不仅可以使孩子养成存钱的习惯，而且对于大人们来说，为以后的生活定期地存钱也是很有意义的。故应该选C。
考点：故事类短文阅读。
【2014·广东卷】C
Like many new graduates, I left university full of hope for the future but with no real idea of what I wanted to do. My degree, with honors, in English literature had not really prepared me for anything practical. I knew I wanted to make a difference in the world somehow, but I had no idea how to do that. That’s when I learned about the Lighthouse Project.
I started my journey as a Lighthouse Project volunteer by reading as much as I could about the experiences of previous volunteers. I knew it would be a lot of hard work, and that I would be away from my family and friends for a very long time. In short, I did not take my decision to apply for the Lighthouse Project lightly. Neither did my family.
Eventually, however, I won the support of my family, and I sent in all the paperwork needed for the application. After countless interviews and presentations, I managed to stand out among the candidates and survive the test alone. Several months later, I finally received a call asking me to report for the duty. I would be going to a small village near Abuja, Nigeria. Where? What? Nigeria? I had no idea. But I was about to find out.
After completing my training, I was sent to the village that was small and desperately in need of proper accommodation. Though the local villagers were poor, they offered their homes, hearts, and food as if I were their own family. I was asked to lead a small team of local people in building a new schoolhouse. For the next year or so, I taught in that same schoolhouse. But I sometimes think I learned more from my students than they did from me.
Sometime during that period, I realized that all those things that had seemed so strange or unusual to me no longer did, though I did not get anywhere with the local language, and returned to the
United States a different man. The Lighthouse Project had changed my life forever.
【小题1】What do we know about the author?
A. His university education focused on the theoretical knowledge.
B. His dream at university was to become a volunteer.
C. He took pride in having contributed to the world.
D. He felt honored to study English literature.
【小题2】According to the Paragraph 2, it is most likely that the author
A. discussed his decision with his family.
B. asked previous volunteers about voluntary work
C. attended special training to perform difficult tasks
D. felt sad about having to leave his family and friends
【小题3】In his application for the volunteer job, the author
A. participated in many discussions
B. went through challenging survival tests
C. wrote quite a few paper on voluntary work
D. faced strong competition from other candidates
【小题4】On arrival at the village, the author was
A. asked to lead a farming team
B. sent to teach in a schoolhouse
C. received warmly by local villagers
D. arranged to live in a separate house.
【小题5】What can we infer from the author’s experiences in Nigeria?
A. He found some difficulty adapting to the local culture
B. He had learned to communicate in the local language.
C. He had overcome all his weaknesses before he left for home.
D. He was chosen as the most respectable teacher by his students.
【答案】
【小题1】A
【小题2】D
【小题3】D
【小题4】C
【小题5】A
【解析】
试题分析：本文是一篇记叙文。叙述了作者在尼日利亚当志愿者的故事。作者大学毕业后，报名参加了灯塔项目活动，经过激烈的竞争，他被选中了。然后，他被拍到尼日利亚的一个村庄。他一到达那儿就开始带领当地人建校舍，然后第二年在那所学校教书。他在尼日利亚学到很多东西，他所以说灯塔项目永远改变了他的生活。
【小题1】A.考查细节理解。关于作者我们知道什么？根据 My degree, with honors, in English literature had not really prepared me for anything practical. 可知我所学的英语文学专业没有让我为实际生活做好准备，故推断在大学里他主要学习的是理论知识。故选A。
【小题2】D.考查细节理解。根据第二段，作者很有可能怎么样？根据I knew it would be a lot of hard work, and that I would be away from my family and friends for a very long time. 可知作者认为离开家人和朋友很长时间是很困难的，故推断是令他难过的事情。故选D。
【小题3】D.考查推理判断。在申请志愿者工作中，作者做了些什么？根据After countless interviews and presentations, I managed to stand out among the candidates and survive the test alone. 可知作者在申请成为志愿者的过程中，成功地许多应聘者中脱颖而出，故推断竞争对手多，他面对来自对手的强大竞争。故选D。
【小题4】C.考查细节理解。作者一到达那个村庄，就做什么事？根据Though the local villagers were poor, they offered their homes, hearts, and food as if I were their own family. 可知作者到达那个村庄后，村民们把他当做家庭成员提供给他很多东西，故推断他受到了热烈的欢迎。故选C。选项A，被要求领导一个耕作组。根据I was asked to lead a small team of local people in building a new schoolhouse.可知他被要求领着当地人见校舍，故与原文不符。选项B，他被派到学校教书。根据For the next year or so, I taught in that same schoolhouse.可知第二年，他在那所学校教书，不是一到达那儿，故排除B项。选项D，他被安排住在一个单独的房子里。根据they offered their homes, hearts, and food as if I were their own family.可知他住在村民家，故排除D项。
考点：故事类短文阅读。
【2014·广东卷】B
It was a cold winter day. A woman drove up to the Rainbow Bridge tollbooth (收费站). “I’m paying for myself, and for the six cars behind me,” she said with a smile, handing over seven tickets. One after another, the next six drivers arriving at the tollbooth were informed, “Some lady up ahead already paid your fare.”
It turned out that the woman, Natalie Smith, had read something on a friend’s refrigerator: “Practice random kindness and senseless acts of beauty.” The phrase impressed her so much that she copied it down.
Judy Foreman spotted the same phrase on a warehouse wall far away from home. When it stayed on her mind for days, she gave up and drove all the way back to copy it down. “I thought it was beautiful,” she said, explaining why she’d taken to writing it at the bottom of all her letters, “like a message from above.” Her husband, Frank, liked the phrase so much that he put it up on the classroom wall for his students, one of whom was the daughter of Alice Johnson, a local news reporter. Alice put it in the newspaper, admitting that though she liked it, she didn’t know where it came from or what it really meant.
Two days later, Alice got a call from Anne Herbert, a woman living in Marin. It was in a restaurant that Anne wrote the phrase down on a piece of paper, after turning it around in her mind for days.
“Here’s the idea,” Anne says. “Anything you think there should be more of, do it randomly.” Her fantasies include painting the classrooms of shabby schools, leaving hot meals on kitchen tables in the poor part of town, and giving money secretly to a proud old lady. Anne says, “Kindness can build on itself as much as violence can.”
The acts of random kindness spread. If you were one of those drivers who found your fare paid, who knows what you might have been inspired to do for someone else later. Like all great events, kindness begins slowly, with every single act. Let it be yours!
【小题1】Why did Natalie Smith pay for the six cars behind her?
A. She knew the car drivers well.
B. She wanted to show kindness.
C. She hoped to please others.
D. She had seven tickets.
【小题2】Judy Foreman copied down the phrase because she .
A. thought it was beautifully written
B. wanted to know what it really meant
C. decided to write it on a warehouse wall
D. wanted her husband to put it up in the classroom
【小题3】Who came up with the phrase according to the passage?
A. Judy Foreman.
B. Natalie Smith.
C. Alice Johnson.
D. Anne Herbert.
【小题4】Which of the following statements is closest in the meaning to the underlined sentence above?
A. Kindness and violence can change the world.
B. Kindness and violence can affect one’s behavior.
C. Kindness and violence can reproduce themselves.
D. Kindness and violence can shape one’s character.
【小题5】What can we infer from the last paragraph?
A. People should practice random kindness to those in need.
B. People who receive kindness are likely to offer it to others.
C. People should practice random kindness to strangers they meet.
D. People who receive kindness are likely to pay it back to the giver.
【答案】
【小题1】B
【小题2】A
【小题3】D
【小题4】C
【小题5】B
【解析】
试题分析：本文是一篇记叙文。叙述了一个名叫Natalie Smith受“经常做些好事和愚蠢的善意行为”这句话的影响，要做好事，所以为她身后的六辆车付钱。原来这句话是住在马林的Anne Herbert想出来的。她经常会做一些随意的好事，她认为善意的事情会和暴力行为一样自己会不断的壮大。
【小题1】B.考查推理判断。为什么Natalie Smith为她身后的六辆汽车付钱？根据It turned out that the woman, Natalie Smith, had read something on a friend’s refrigerator: “Practice random kindness and senseless acts of beauty.” The phrase impressed her so much that she copied it down.可知她受“经常做些好事和愚蠢的善意行为”这句话的影响，要做好事，所以为她身后的六辆车付钱。故选B。
【小题2】A.考查细节理解。Judy Foreman抄下这个短语是因为什么？根据she gave up and drove all the way back to copy it down. “I thought it was beautiful,”可知Judy Foreman因为这个短语写得漂亮而抄下来。故选A。
【小题3】D.考查细节理解。根据短文，谁想出的这个短语？根据It was in a restaurant that Anne wrote the phrase down on a piece of paper, after turning it around in her mind for days.可知正是Anne Herbert想出的这个短语，写在了一张纸上。故选D。
【小题4】C.考查词义猜测。下面那个表达与文中画线句子的意思更接近？根据The acts of random kindness spread.可知不经意的善良行为会不断传播，壮大。故选C。
【小题5】B.考查推理判断。从最后一段我们可以推断出什么？根据If you were one of those drivers who found your fare paid, who knows what you might have been inspired to do for someone else later. 可知你得到别人善意的帮助，你以后也可能做一些善意的事帮助别人。故选B。
考点：人生百味类短文阅读。
【2014·福建卷】A
It was Mother’s Day morning last year and I was doing my shopping at our local supermarket with my five-year-old son, Tenyson. As we were leaving, we found that only minutes earlier an elderly woman had fallen over at the entrance and had hit her head on the concrete. Her husband was with her, but there was blood everywhere and the woman was embarrassed and clearly in shock.
Walking towards the scene, Tenyson became very upset about what had happened to the couple. He said to me, “Mum, it’s not much fun falling over in front of everyone.”
At the front of the supermarket a charity(慈善) group had set up a stand selling cooked sausages and flowers to raise funds. Tenyson suggested that we should buy the lady a flower. “It will make
her feel better,” he said. I was amazed that he’d come up with such a sweet idea. So we went over to the flower seller and asked her if we could buy a flower for the lady to cheer her up. “Just take it,” she replied. “I can’t take your money for such a wonderful gesture.”
By now paramedics（救援人员）had arrived, and were attending the injured woman. As we walked up to her, my son became intimidated by all the blood and medical equipment. He said he was just too scared to go up to her.
Instead I gave the flower to the woman’s husband and told him, “ My son was very upset for your wife and wanted to give her this flower to make her feel better.”
At that, the old man started crying and said, “Thank you so much, you have a wonderful son. Happy Mother’s Day to you.”
The man then bent down and gave his wife the flower, telling her who it was from. Though badly hurt and shaken, the old lady looked up at Tenyson with love in her eyes and gave him a little smile.
56. What dose the author intend to tell us?
A. One can never be too careful.
B. Actions speak louder than words.
C. Love begins with a little smile.
D. A small act of kindness brings a great joy.
57. Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage?
A. The elderly woman was knocked down by Tenyson.
B. Tenyson’s idea of buying a flower gained his father’s support.
C. Tenyson’s care for the elderly woman puzzled the flower seller.
D. The elderly woman was moved to tears by Tenyson’s gesture.
58. The underlined word “intimidated” in the fourth paragraph probably means “___________”.
A. astonished B. struck C. frightened D. excited
59. What would be the best title for the passage?
A. Flower Power
B. Mother’s Day
C. An Accidental Injury
D. An Embarrassing Moment
【答案】
【小题1】D
【小题2】B
【小题3】C
【小题4】A
56. D. 推测题：这篇文章讲了一个母亲节，作者和儿子在商场购物，发现了一位摔倒受伤的老人，作者的儿子坚持要给老人买束花。尽管老人受伤严重，但是仍然向作者的儿子露出了微笑。由此可见一个小小的善举都可能带来快乐。故选D。
57. B. 细节题：根据第三段中so we went over to the flower seller and asked her if we could buy a flower for the lady to cheer her up.可知对Tenyson的主意获得了他的母亲的支持，故选B。
58. C. 猜词题：根据he said he was just too scared to go up to her可猜出 “intimidated”意思是害怕。故选C。
59. A. 主旨题：这篇文章讲了一个母亲节，作者和儿子在商场购物，发现了一位摔倒受伤的老人，作者的儿子坚持要给老人买束花。尽管老人受伤严重，但是仍然向作者的儿子露出了微笑。所以最好的题目应该是鲜花的力量，故选A。
考点：考查故事类阅读
【2014·湖北卷】A
Before I had my son, I spent two years working with children with disabilities. I learned that shouting and threats of punishment would result in a disaster. Coming up against their behaviour could only make the job harder and their behaviour more extreme. I found something that worked, though.
There was a very naughty boy in the nursery and a teacher who was generally very confident with the children was asked to take charge of him. One day the boy joined a session in the room next to mine. His appearance created an atmosphere of tension. He spent the entire session running around, hitting and kicking, and destroying property.
I was in the craft room working with some other children when my co-worker told me that this
boy’s teacher was in tears, and could not get control of the situation. As we were talking，the boy ran in. I told my co-worker that I would take care of him.
I closed the door. He was full of energy, throwing things around and making a huge mess. But I could see that he was doing all these to annoy me. He needed connection, and this was the only way he knew how to ask for it. So I sat back down and kept quiet. Then he slowed down and began making a rocket. I talked to him about it. We continued like this for a few minutes before I slipped into the conversation:
“So what happened today?”
It was purely a question, no blame or anger in my tone. I believe that if I had criticized him, the gate that was slowly opening would have shut firmly closed. He told me that the teacher didn’t let him do what he knew well due to safety but asked him to do what he disliked. He also admitted that he had enjoyed making her run around and saw it as a game. I explained that his teacher had not seen it as a game and was very upset. This again was stated simply as a fact. I suggested that next time he had a session, he talk about what he hoped to do at the start，which might be easier for everyone. He agreed and was quiet for a moment. Then he looked at me with tears in his eyes before quietly asking if he could go to find his teacher to apologize.
【小题1】.The boy made trouble for his teacher because he_____ .
A. was accused of destroying property
B. was told not to yell at other children
C. was made to do things against his will
D. was blamed for creating an air of tension
【小题2】.Why didn’t the author do anything about the boy’s bad behavior at first?
A. She didn’t want to make it worse.
B. She didn’t mind the huge mess at all.
C. She was tired of shouting and threats.
D. She hadn’t thought of a coping strategy.
【小题3】.The author managed to get the boy to talk to her by _____.
A. playing games with him
B. giving him a good suggestion
C. describing his teacher’s feelings
D. avoiding making critical remarks
【小题4】 Why did the boy have tears in his eyes in the end?
A. He was sorry about his reputation.
B. He was regretful about his behavior.
C. He was fearful of the author’s warning.
D. He was sad for the author’s misunderstanding.
【答案】
【小题1】C
【小题2】A
【小题3】D
【小题4】B
【解析】
【文章大意】这是一篇情感类的记叙文。文章讲述了作者从与有残疾的小孩相处的一段经历中得出教育小孩更应该需要的是交流与讲道理而不是威胁甚至是惩罚，因为那样更是适得其反。
【小题1】C考查细节理解。根据文章第六段“…but asked him to do what he disliked”可知那个男孩之所以惹麻烦是因为老师总叫他做他不喜欢的事情也就是违背他意愿的事，故C正确。
【小题2】A考查细节理解。根据文章第六段“I believe that if I had criticized him, the gate that was slowly opening would have shut firmly closed”可知作者知道如果批评的话那个小男孩就不会再交流什么了，所以作者期望情况不要恶化好利于与男孩的交流，故A正确。
【小题3】D考查细节理解。根据文章第六段“…no blame or anger in my tone”可知作者的语气上没有任何的责备与生气，这也是作者所采取的策略即不适用任何批评性的言辞，故D正确。
【小题4】B考查判断推理。根据第六段最后一句“hen he looked at me with tears in his eyes before quietly asking if he could go to find his teacher to apologize”可知男孩想去道歉，所以推断出男孩是感到后悔了，故B正确。
【2014·江苏卷】D
August 1990, Boston
Dear Maya Shao ming，
To me, June 6，1990 is a special day. My long awaited dream came true the minute your father cried, “A girl！” You are more than just a second child, more than just a girl to match our boy.
You, little daughter, are the link to our female line, the legacy of another woman's pain and sacrifice 31 years ago.
Let me tell you about your Chinese grandmother. Somewhere in Hong Kong, in the late fifties, a young waitress found herself pregnant(怀孕) by a cook, probably a co worker at her restaurant. She carried the baby to term, suffered to give it birth, and kept the little girl for the first three months of her life. I like to think that my mother—your grandmother—loved me and fought to raise me on her own, but that the daily struggle was too hard. Worn down by the demands of the new baby and perhaps the constant threat of starvation, she made the painful decision to give away her girl so that both of us might have a chance for a better life.
More likely, I was dropped at the orphanage(孤儿院) steps or somewhere else. I will probably never know the truth. Having a baby in her unmarried state would have brought shame on the family in China, so she probably kept my existence a secret. Once I was out of her life, it was as if I had never been born. And so you and your brother and I are the missing leaves on a family tree.
Do they ever wonder if we exist?
Before I was two, I was adopted by an Anglo couple. Fed three square meals a day, I grew like a wild weed and grasped all the opportunities they had to offer—books, music, education, church life and community activities. In a family of blue eyed blonds, though, I_stood_out_like_a_sore_thumb. Whether from jealousy or fear of someone who looked so different, my older brothers sometimes teased me about my unpleasing skin, or made fun of my clumsy walk. Moody and impatient, burdened by fears that none of us realized resulted from my early years of need, I was not an easy child to love. My mother and I conflicted countless times over the years, but gradually came to see one another as real human beings with faults and talents, and as women of strength in our own right. Lacking a mirror image in the mother who raised me, I had to seek my identity as a woman on my own. The Asian American community has helped me regain my double identity.
But part of me will always be missing: my beginnings, my personal history, all the delicate details that give a person her origin. Nevertheless, someone gave me a lucky name “Siu Wai”. “Siu” means “little”， and “Wai” means “clever”. Therefore, my baby name was “Clever little one”. Who chose those words? Who cared enough to note my arrival in the world?
I lost my Chinese name for 18 years. It was Americanized for convenience to “Sue”. But like an ill fitting coat, it made me uncomfortable. I hated the name. But even more, I hated being Chinese.
It took many years to become proud of my Asian origin and work up the courage to take back my birth name. That, plus a little knowledge of classroom Cantonese, is all the Chinese culture I have to offer you. Not white, certainly, but not really Asian, I try to pave the way between the two worlds and bridge the gap for you. Your name, “Shao ming”， is very much like mine—“Shao” means “little”. And “ming” is “bright”， as in a shining sun or moon. Whose lives will you brighten, little Maya? Your_past_is_more_complete_than_mine,_and each day I cradle you in your babyhood, generously giving you the loving care I lacked for my first two years. When I pat you, I comfort the lost baby inside me who still cries for her mother.
Sweet Maya, it doesn't matter what you “become” later on. You have already fulfilled my wildest dreams.
I love you，
Mummy
【小题1】Why is June 6, 1990 a special day for Mommy?
A. Her dream of being a mother came true.
B. She found her origin from her Chinese mother.
C. She wrote the letter to her daughter.
D. Her female line was well linked.
【小题2】How does Mommy feel about her being given away?
A. It is bitter and disappointing.
B. It is painful but understandable.
C. She feels sorry but sympathetic.
D. She feels hurt and angry.
【小题3】 What does “I stood out like a sore thumb” in Paragraph 5 mean?
A. I walked clumsily out of pains.
B. I was not easy to love due to jealousy.
C. I was impatient out of fear.
D. I looked different from others.
【小题4】 What can be inferred from Mommy’s Anglo family life?
A. She used to experience an identity crisis.
B. She fought against her American identity.
C. She forgot the pains of her early years.
D. She kept her love for Asia from childhood.
【小题5】Why did Mommy name her daughter “Shao-ming?”
A. To match her own birth-name.
B. To brighten the lives of the family.
C. To identify her with Chinese origin.
D. To justify her pride in Chinese culture.
【小题6】By “Your past is more complete than mine,” Mommy means ________.
A. her past was completed earlier than Shao-ming’s
B. Shao-ming has got motherly care and a sense of roots
C. her mother didn’t comfort her the way she did Shao-ming
D. her past was spent brokenly, first in Asia, then in the US
【答案】
【小题1】D
【小题2】B
【小题3】D
【小题4】A
【小题5】C
【小题6】B
【解析】
试题分析：文章大意：本文是妈妈写给女儿的一封信。作者回忆了自己小时候的经历，以及给女儿取名字的由来。
【小题3】D考查句意理解。根据文章第五段中In a family of blue-eyed blonds, though.和
Whether from jealousy or someone who looked so different都可以判断出作者在那些孩子中看起来与其他人不同。故D正确。
【小题4】A考查推理判断。根据文章第五段，尤其最后Lacking a mirror image in the mother who raised me, I had to seek my identity as a woman on my own. The Asian American community has helped me regain my double identity.可以判断作者过去经历了一次身份危机。故A正确。
【小题5】C考查推理判断。根据文章第五、六、七段可知，作者自身经历了身份危机。因此，妈妈给女儿取名“少明”是为了让她女儿避免她小时候的困扰。故C正确。
【小题6】B考查句意理解。此句的字面含义为“你的过去比我更完整”。根据此句后句and each day I cradle you in your babyhood, generously giving you the loving care I lacked for my first two years.可以判断妈妈意味着她将给予更多的慈母般的爱和归属感。故B正确。
考点：考查书信阅读
【2014·江西卷】A
Larry was on another of his underwater expeditions(探险)but this time, it was different. He decided to take his daughter along with him. She was only ten years old. This would be her first trip with her father on what he had always been famous for.
Larry first began diving when he was his daughter’s age. Similarly, his father had taken him along on one of his expeditions. Since then, he had never looked back. Larry started out by renting diving suits from the small diving shop just along the shore. He had hated them. They were either too big or too small. Then, there was the instructor. He gave him a short lesson before allowing him into the water with his father. He had made an exception. Larry would never have been able to go down without at least five hours of theory and another similar number of hours on practical lessons with a guide. Children his age were not even allowed to dive.
After the first expedition, Larry’s later diving adventures only got better and better. There was never a dull moment. In his black and blue suit and with an oxygen tank fastened on his back, Larry dived from boats into the middle of the ocean. Dangerous areas did not prevent him from continuing his search. Sometimes, he was limited to a cage underwater but that did not bother him. At least, he was still able to take photographs of the underwater creatures.
Larry’s first expedition without his father was in the Cayman Islands. There were numerous diving spots in the area and Larry was determined to visit all of them. Fortunately for him, a man offered to take him around the different Spots for free. Larry didn’t even know what the time was,
how many spots he dived into or how many photographs he had taken. The diving spots afforded such a wide array of fish and sea creatures that Larry saw more than thirty varieties of creatures.
Larry looked at his daughter. She looked as excited as he had been when he was her age. He hoped she would be able to continue the family tradition. Already, she looked like she was much braver than had been then. This was the key to a successful underwater expedition.
56.In what way was this expedition different for Larry?
A.His daughter had grown up.
B.He had become a famous diver.
C.His father would dive with him.
D.His daughter would dive with him.
57. What can be inferred from Paragraph2?
A. Larry had some privileges.
B. Larry liked the rented diving suits.
C.Divers had to buy diving equipment.
D.Ten-year-old children were permitted to dive.
58. Why did Larry have to stay in a cage underwater sometimes?
A. To protect himself from danger.
B.To dive into the deep water.
C.To admire the underwater view.
D.To take photo more conveniently.
59. What can be learned from the underlined sentence?
A. Larry didn’t wear a watch.
B. Larry was not good at math.
C. Larry had a poor memory.
D. Larry enjoyed the adventure.
60. What did Larry expect his daughter to do?
A. Become a successful diver.
B. Make a good diving guide.
C. Take a lot of photo underwater.
D. Have longer hours of training.
【文章大意】这是一篇记叙文。Larry小时候，特别受优待——接受了水下探险的理论和实践的教育。在父亲的带领下开始了惊奇的水下探险之旅，并不断地成长。最后成为一个有名的探险家。今天，他也要带着女儿水下探险，希望女儿能继承家中传统，也成为一个好的水下探险者。
【小题1】D
解析：细节理解题 第一段第1，2 句（but this time, it was different. He decided to take his daughter along with him.）告诉我们，Larry再一次进行水下探险，但这一次不同，他决定带他女儿一起去。所以D选项正确。B选项干扰性较大。该段最后一句是说：这是Larry成名后女儿第一次跟父亲去的水下探险。Larry的成名并不是此次探险的不同。
【小题2】A
解析：推理判断题 从该段可知，本来像他这样年龄的小孩是不被允许水下探险的（Children his age were not even allowed to dive.，然而他是个例外（He had made an exception），并且下水之前，他必须接受至少5小时的理论教育以及5小时以上的和老师一起下水的实践辅导。（Larry would never have been able to go down without at least five hours of theory and another similar number of hours on practical lessons with a guide.），由此推测，A选项正确。
【小题3】A
解析：推理判断题 第三段告诉我们，Larry潜入深水中，一些危险区域也阻扰不了他的深水搜寻（Dangerous areas did not prevent him from continuing his search.）。而根据常识，在深水中人呆在铁笼中以防危险的突发（如海底动物的袭击）。故选A。
【小题4】D
【小题5】A
解析：细节理解题 从最后一段得知，Larry看着他女儿，希望她能继承他家的传统（He hoped she would be able to continue the family tradition.）；瞧着她的勇敢劲儿，肯定能变为一个成功的水下探险者（This was the key to a successful underwater expedition.）。故A选项正确。
【2014·重庆卷】D
One moment it was quiet and calm in the forest, the next, the air was charged with tension. The elephant had heard the distant alarm calls of animals and her mood suddenly changed. I urged the elephant deeper into the forest. We sounded like a forest fire --- cracking, snapping, trailblazing. But through all the noise came a sharp warning cry. The elephant stopped and we heard it again --- the tell-tale call of a spotted deer.
I looked quickly around the shadows of the forest. Rays of sunlight shone through tree branches, beneath which the patchwork（交错）of green plants and shadows-within-shadows would make tiger stripes（条纹）look more attractive. Apart from an occasional noise from the elephant’s stomach, the forest was silent.
Gradually, the tension slipped from our bodies. The elephant seized a nearby branch and put it into its mouth. I reached forward and gently moved my hand over the elephant’s neck; there was a soft part, free of wrinkles and hairs, behind her ear.
This was my fourth time to sense the aura of the forest in Corbett, although I saw no tigers in the end. Located at the foot of the Himalayan mountains, Corbett is home to about 135 Bengal tigers, but the forest seemed to be guarding their whereabouts（出没处）, a silent reminder of their secrecy and rarity. Still, I was happy enough touching the elephant behind the ear. If I had so desperately wanted to see a tiger, I could have gone to a zoo. After all, spotting tigers merely confirms their beauty; tracking them can make you aware of something more.
【小题1】. Which of the following was a clear signal of alarm?
A. The elephant stopped. B. A spotted deer called.
C. The elephant seized a branch. D. The forest was silent for a while.
【小题2】. The author begins his account of the tour in the forest mainly by _______.
A. describing various sounds B. comparing different animals
C. listing different activities D. introducing various plants
【小题3】. What does the underlined part “to sense the aura” most probably mean?
A. To see the diversity. B. To enjoy the scenery.
C. To feel the atmosphere. D. To experience the freedom.
【小题4】. How does the author feel after several visits to Corbett?
A. Seeing a Bengal tiger is quite thrilling.
B. It is very time-consuming to travel in Corbett.
C. It is really worthwhile to study the animals in Corbett.
D. The process of finding Bengal tigers is most appealing.
【答案】
【小题1】B
【小题2】A
【小题3】C
【小题4】D
【解析】
试题分析：
本文记叙了作者骑着大象在森林追踪老虎的过程和这个过程中的心理体验。
【小题1】细节题。从第一段But through all the noise came a sharp warning cry. The elephant stopped and we heard it again --- the tell-tale call of a spotted deer.一句可知，梅花鹿的鸣叫是“报警”的声音。A、D两项均是听到“报警”之后的结果。选择B。
【小题2】推断题。从第一段distant alarm calls, all the noise, a sharp warning cry等词语可知，作者开头描述了森林里的各种声音。选择A。
【小题3】词义推断题。从上下文可知，作者去森林是为了感受追踪老虎的那份神秘、兴奋和紧张的氛围。故选择C项。
【小题4】主旨大意题。文章最后一段After all, spotting tigers merely confirms their beauty; tracking them can make you aware of something more.一句告诉我们，在作者看来，真正看见老虎只是证实它们的美，并且直接去动物园就可以实现这个目的；但是追踪老虎却能带来更多感受，作者真正感兴趣的是这个过程。故选择D项。
考点：记叙文。
【2014·北京卷】B
The Brown Bear
My wife Laura and I were on the beach, with three of our children, taking pictures of shore birds near our home in Alaska when we spotted a bear. The bear was thin and small, moving aimlessly.
Just a few minutes later, I heard my daughter shouting, “Dad! The bear is right behind us!” An agreesive bear will usually rush forward to frighten away its enemy but would suddenly stop at the last minute. This one was silent and its ears pinned back---- the sign (迹象) of an animal that is
going in for the kill. And it was a cold April day. The bear behaved abnormally, probably because of hunger.
I held my camera tripod (三脚架) in both hands to form a barrier as the bear rushed into me. Its huge head was level with my chest and shoulders, and the tripod stuck across its mouth. It bit down and I found myself supporting its weight. I knew I would not be able to hold it for long.
Even so, this was a fight I had to win: I was all that stood between the bear and my family, who would stand little chance of running faster than a brown bear.
The bear hit at the camera, cutting it off the tripod. I raised my left arm to protect my face; the beast held tightly on the tripod and pressed it into my side. My arm could not move, and I sensed that my bones were going to break.
Drawing back my free hand, I struck the bear as hard as I could for five to six times. The bear opened its mouth and I grasped its fur, trying to push it away. I was actually wrestling (扭打) with the bear at this point. Then, as suddenly as it had begun, the fight ended. The bear moved back toward the forest, before returning for another attack----- The first time I felf panic.
Apparently satisfied that we caused no further threat, the bear moved off, destroying a fence as it went. My arm was injured, but the outcome for us could hardly have been better. I’m proud that my family reminded clear-headed when panic could have led to a very different outcome.
60. The brown bear approached the family in order to _______.
A. catch shore birds B. start an attack
C. protect the children D. set up a barrier for itself
61. The bear finally went away after it _______.
A. felt safe B. got injured
C. found some food D. took away the camera
62. The writer and his family survived mainly due to their ______ .
A. pride B. patience
C. calmness D. cautiousness
【答案】
【小题1】B
【小题2】A
【小题3】C
【解析】
【文章大意】本篇是一篇故事，介绍的是我和全家人在海滩上拍照时突遇一头棕熊的遭遇。作者和熊进行了搏斗，最后棕熊感觉他们没有威胁时，返回了森林。
【小题2】A 考查细节理解。根据文章最后一段中“Apparently satisfied that we caused no further threat”可知，棕熊是因为没了威胁才走的，也就是感到了安全。B、C、D选项都是文中没有提到的信息，为无效信息。
【小题3】C 考查细节推理。根据文章最后一段内容“I’m proud that my family reminded clear-headed when panic could have led to a very different outcome”可知，他们全家保持了头脑清晰（clear-headed），如不如此，可能结果迥异了。所以，他们全家无虞全仰仗他们的冷静（calmness）。D. cautiousness小心，谨慎，与文章内容不合。
考点：考查故事类阅读
【2014·重庆卷】A
I was never very neat, while my roommate Kate was extremely organized. Each of her objects had its place, but mine always hid somewhere. She even labeled（贴标签）everything. I always looked for everything. Over time, Kate got neater and I got messier. She would push my dirty clothing over, and I would lay my books on her tidy desk. We both got tired of each other.
War broke out one evening. Kate came into the room. Soon, I heard her screaming. “Take your shoes away! Why under my bed!” Deafened, I saw my shoes flying at me. I jumped to my feet and started yelling. She yelled back louder.
The room was filled with anger. We could not have stayed together for a single minute but for a phone call. Kate answered it. From her end of the conversation, I could tell right away her grandma was seriously ill. When she hung up, she quickly crawled（爬）under her covers, sobbing.
Obviously, that was not something she should not go through alone. All of a sudden, a warm feeling of sympathy rose up in my heart.
Slowly, I collected the pencils, took back the books, made my bed, cleaned the socks and swept
the floor, even on her side. I got so into my work that I even didn’t notice Kate had sat up. She was watching, her tears dried and her expression one of disbelief. Then, she reached out her hands to grasp mine. I looked up into her eyes. She smiled at me, “Thanks.”
Kate and I stayed roommates for the rest of the year. We didn’t always agree, but we learned the key to living together: giving in, cleaning up and holding on.
【小题1】. What made Kate so angry one evening?
A. She couldn’t find her books.
B. She heard the author shouting loud.
C. She got the news that her grandma was ill.
D. She saw the author’s shoes beneath her bed.
【小题2】. The author tidied up the room most probably because _______.
A. she was scared by Kate’s anger
B. she hated herself for being so messy
C. she wanted to show her care
D. she was asked by Kate to do so
【小题3】. How is Paragraph 1 mainly developed?
A. By analyzing causes B. By showing differences
C. By describing a process D. By following time order
【小题4】. What might be the best title for the story?
A. My Friend Kate B. Hard Work Pays Off
C. How to Be Organized D. Learning to Be Roommates
【答案】
【小题1】D
【小题2】C
【小题3】B
【小题4】D
【解析】
试题分析：作者与室友生活习惯迥异，冲突在所难免。在室友遭遇悲痛之时，作者以实际行动表达自己的同情，从而达成和好。作者从中懂得一个道理：让步、整理房间和坚持是处理室友关系的关键。
【小题1】细节题。从第二段I heard her screaming. “Take your shoes away! Why under my bed!” Deafened, I saw my shoes flying at me.等句可知，室友生气是因为作者乱丢乱放的鞋子。故选择D。
【小题2】推断题。从第四段All of a sudden, a warm feeling of sympathy rose up in my heart.一句可知，作者整理房间是出于对室友悲伤的同情而表达自己的关切。故选择C。
【小题3】第一段描述了作者与室友在日常习惯上的种种差异。故选择B。
【小题4】主旨大意题。文章最后作者表达了自己叙述这个故事的意图：就是懂得了与室友相处的关键。选择D。
考点：故事。
【2014·山东卷】A
One morning, Ann’s neighbor Tracy found a lost dog wandering around the local elementary school. She asked Ann if she could keep an eye on the dog. Ann said that she could watch it only for the day.
Tracy took photos of the dog and printed off 400 FOUND fliers（传单）, and put them in mailboxes. Meanwhile, Ann went to the dollar store and bought some pet supplies, warning her two sons not to fall in love with the dog. At the time, Ann’s son Thomas was 10 years old, and Jack, who was recovering from a heart operation, was 21 years old.
Four days later Ann was still looking after the dog, whom they had started to call Riley. When she arrived home from work, the dog threw itself against the screen door and barked madly at her. As soon as she opened the door, Riley dashed into the boys’ room where Ann found Jack suffering from a heart attack. Riley ran over to Jack, but as soon as Ann bent over to help him the dog went silent.
“If it hadn’t come to get me, the doctor said Jack would have died,” Ann reported to a local newspaper. At this point, no one had called to claim the dog, so Ann decided to keep it.
The next morning Tracy got a call. A man named Peter recognized his lost dog and called the number on the flier. Tracy started crying, and told him, “That dog saved my friend’s son.”
Peter drove to Ann’s house to pick up his dog, and saw Thomas and Jack crying in the window. After a few moments Peter said, “Maybe Odie was supposed to find you, maybe you should keep it.”
【小题1】41. What did Tracy do after finding the dog?
A. She looked for its owner B. She gave it to Ann as a gift.
C. She sold it to the dollar store. D. She bought some food for it.
【小题2】42. How did the dog help save Jack?
A. By breaking the door for Ann. B. By leading Ann to Jack’s room.
C. By dragging Jack out of the room. D. By attending Jack when Ann was out.
【小题3】43. What was Ann’s attitude to the dog according to Paragraph 4?
A. Sympathetic B. Doubtful C. Tolerant D. Grateful
【小题4】44. For what purpose did Peter call Tracy?
A. To help her friend’s son. B. To interview Tracy
C. To take back his dog. D. To return the flier to her.
【小题5】45. What can we infer about the dog from the last paragraph?
A. It would be given to Odie. B. It would be kept by Ann’ family.
C. It would be returned to Peter. D. It would be taken away by Tracy.
【答案】
【小题1】A
【小题2】B
【小题3】D
【小题4】C
【小题5】B
【解析】
【小题1】.A考查细节理解。根据第二段开头句子“Tracy took photos of the dog and printed off 400 FOUND fliers…”可知，Tracy照了狗的照片，印了400张传单。这都是为了找到狗的主人。故选A。
【小题2】B考查判断推理。根据第三段句子“When she arrived home…where Ann found Jack…”可以推断，狗Riley是通过向Ann狂叫并领Ann进入Jack的房间让Ann发现Jack犯了心脏病从而及时救了Jack的。故选B。
【小题3】D考查判断推理。根据第四段Ann跟报社说的话，“If it hadn’t …”,如果不是狗领着
Ann找到Jack，Jack可能就死了。也就是狗救了Jack的命，所以可以推断Ann对狗很感激，感激它救了她儿子的命。故选D。
【小题4】C考查细节理解。根据第五段句子“A man named Peter recognized his lost dog…”可知，Peter给Tracy打电话的目的是为了领回他丢失的狗。故选C。
【小题5】B考查判断推理。根据最后一段Peter去Ann家里领回他的狗时看到的场景“saw Thomas and Jack crying…”及他说说的话“Maybe … you should keep it.”可以推断，狗最终是留着了Ann家里。故选B。
考点：考查记叙文阅读
【2014·山东卷】B
It was one of those terribly hot days in Baltimore. Needless to say, it was too hot to do anything outside. But it was also scorching in our apartment. This was 1962, and I would not live in a place with an air conditioner for another ten years. So my brother and I decided to leave the apartment to find someplace indoors. He suggested we could see a movie. It was a brilliant plan.
Movie theaters were one of the few places you could sit all day and—most important —sit in air conditioning. In those days, you could buy one ticket and sit through two movies. Then, the theater would show the same two movies again. If you wanted to, you could sit through them twice. Most people did not do that, but the manager at our theater. Mr. Bellow did not mind if you did.
That particular day, my brother and I sat through both movies twice, trying to escape the heat. We bought three bags of popcorn and three sodas each. Then, we sat and watched The Music Man followed by The Man Who Shot Liberty Valance. We’d already seen the second movie once before. It had been at the theater since January, because Mr. Bellow loved anything with John Wayne in it.
We left the theater around 8, just before the evening shows began. But we returned the next day and saw the same two movies again, twice more. And we did it the next day too. Finally, on the fourth day, the heat wave broke.
Still, to this day I can sing half the songs in The Music Man and recite half of John Wayne and Jimmy Stewart’s dialogue from The Man Who Shot Liberty Valance! Those memories are some of the few I have of the heat wave of 1962. They’re really memories of the screen, not memories of my life.
【小题1】46.In which year did the author first live in a place with an air conditioner?
A. 1952 B. 1962 C. 1972 D. 1982
【小题2】47.What does the underlined word”It” in Paragraph 3 refer to?
A. The heat B. The theater.
C. The Music Man D. The Man Who Shot Liberty Valance
【小题3】48.What do we know about Mr. Bellow?
A. He loved children very much. B. He was a fan of John Wayne.
C. He sold air conditioners. D. He was a movie star.
【小题4】49.Why did the author and his/her brother see the same movies several times?
A. The two movies were really wonderful.
B. They wanted to avoid the heat outside.
C. The manager of the theater was friendly.
D. They liked the popcorn and the soda at the theater.
【小题5】50.What can we learn from the last paragraph?
A. The author turned out to be a great singer.
B. The author enjoyed the heat wave of 1962.
C. The author’s life has been changed by the two movies.
D. The author considers the experience at the theater unforgettable.
【答案】
【小题1】C
【小题2】D
【小题3】B
【小题4】B
【小题5】D
【文章大意】这是一篇记叙文。本文讲述了作者小时候为了避暑和弟弟到电影院去一遍一遍看电影，以至于多年时候还记得电影里面的歌曲和对白，表达了自己对以往那段在电影院里度过的时光的怀念之情。
【解析】
【小题1】C考查细节理解。由第二段第三句“This was 1962,I wuold not live in a place with air conditioner for another ten years”可知，作者在10年后住进了有空调的房子。故选C。
考查类别统一为：考查细节理解。考查猜测词义。考查判断推理。考查主旨要义；考查文章标题；
【小题2】D考查指代判断。由第三段第三句和第四句“Then，we sat and watched The Music Man followed by The Man Who Shot Liberty Valance. We have already seen the second movie once more.”可知，it指的是这两部电影中的第二部电影即The Man Who Shot Liberty Valance。故选D。
【小题3】B考查细节理解。由第三段最后一句“…because Mr. Bellow loved anything with John Wayne in it.”可知，Mr. Bellow很喜欢John Wayne。故选B。
【小题4】B考查细节理解。由第二段第一句可知，在这炎热的夏天电影院是你可以一坐一整天的为数不多的地方，最重要的是这里有空调，所以作者和弟弟到电影院区的目的是为了避暑。故选B。
【小题5】D考查判断推理。最后一段中作者说时至今日他仍然会唱The Man Who Shot Liberty Valance里的歌，会背诵里面的对白，很少会记起1962年的热浪但是会时常记起这部电影，说明作者很怀念那段在电影院度过的时光。故选D。
考点：考查记叙文阅读
2015年人物传记
【2015·新课标全国I】C
Salvador Dali (1904-1989) was one of the most popular of modern artists. The Pompidou Centre in Paris is showing its respect and admiration for the artist and his powerful personality with an exhibition bringing together over 200 paintings, sculptures, drawings and more. Among the works and masterworks on exhibition the visitor will find the best pieces, most importantly The Persistence of Memory. There is also L’Enigme sans Fin from 1938, works on paper, objects, and projects for stage and screen and selected parts from television programmes reflecting the artist’s showman qualities.
The visitor will enter the World of Dali through an egg and is met with the beginning, the world of birth. The exhibition follows a path of time and subject with the visitor exiting through the brain.
The exhibition shows how Dali draws the viewer between two infinities (无限). “From the infinity small to the infinity large, contraction and expansion coming in and out of focus: amazing Flemish accuracy and the showy Baroque of old painting that he used in his museum-theatre in Figueras,” explains the Pompidou Centre.
The fine selection of the major works was done in close collaboration (合作)with the Museo Nacional Reina Sofia in Madrid, Spain, and with contributions from other institutions like the
Salvador Dali Museum in St. Petersburg, Florida.
28. Which of the following best describe Dali according to Paragraph 1?
A. Optimistic. B. Productive. C. Generous. D. Traditional.
29. What is Dali’s The Persistence of Memory considered to be?
A. One of his masterworks.
B. A successful screen adaptation.
C. An artistic creation for the stage.
D. One of the best TV programmes.
30. How are the exhibits arranged at the World of Dali?
A. By popularity.
B. By importance.
C. By size and shape.
D. By time and subject.
31. What does the word “contributions” in the last paragraph refer to?
A. Artworks. B. Projects. C. Donations. D. Documents.
【答案】
28. B
29. A
30. D
31. A
【解析】
试题分析：本文主要介绍了最受欢迎的现代艺术家萨尔瓦多·达利的艺术作品在巴黎蓬皮杜艺术中心展览的细节。
28. B细节理解题。根据文章第一段第二句The Pompidou Centre in Paris is showing its respect and admiration for the artist and his powerful personality with an exhibition bringing together over 200 paintings, sculptures, drawings and more.可知达利的作品是多产的。故选B。
31. A 词义推测题。根据文章最后一段The fine selection of the major works was done in close collaboration (合作)with the Museo Nacional Reina Sofia in Madrid, Spain, and with contributions from other institutions like the Salvador Dali Museum in St. Petersburg.可以推测出contribution为“艺术作品”之一。故选A。
【考点定位】说明类短文阅读
【名师点睛】本篇文章为中等难度，难度主要体现在于艺术题材对学生来说相对陌生，且对于艺术作品的解释比较抽象。考生容易从心理上排斥此类阅读理解，但题目本身都是可以在原文中定位并找到答案的细节理解题，只要静心下来仔细寻找即可。最后一题的词义猜测稍微有点难度，因为contribution这个词对考生来说并不陌生，但此处并非“捐献”的含义。
2014年人物传记
【2014·山东卷】 C
Elizabeth Freeman was born about 1742 to African American parents who were slaves. At the age of six months she was acquired, along with her sister, by John Ashley, a wealthy Massachusetts slaveholders. She became known as “Mumbet” or “Mum Bett.”
For nearly 30 years Mumbet served the Ashley family. One day, Ashley’s wife tried to strike Mumbet’s sister with a spade. Mumbet protected her sister and took the blow instead. Furious, she left the house and refused to come back. When the Ashleys tried to make her return, Mumbet consulted a lawyer, Theodore Sedgewick. With his help, Mumbet sued(起诉) for her freedom.
While serving the Ashleys, Mumbet had listened to many discussions of the new Massachusetts constitution. If the constitution said that all people were free and equal, then she thought it should apply to her. Eventually, Mumbet won her freedom---- the first slave in Massachusetts to do so under the new constitution.
Strangely enough, after the trial, the Ashleys asked Mumbet to come back and work for them as
a paid employee. She declined and instead went to work for Segdewick. Mumbet died in 1829, but her legacy lived on in her many descendants(后裔). One of her great-grandchildren was W.E.B. Du Bois, one of the founder of the NAACP, and an important writer and spokesperson for African American civil rights.
Mumbet’s tombstone still stands in the Massachusetts cemetery where she was buried. It reads, in part: “She was born a slave and remained a slave and remained a slave for nearly thirty years. She could neither read nor write, yet in her own sphere she had no superior or equal.”
【小题1】51. What do we know about Mumbet according to Paragraph 1?
A. She was born a slave B. She was a slaveholder
C. She had a famous sister D. She was born into a rich family
【小题2】52. Why did Mumbet run away from the Ashleys?
A. She found an employer B. She wanted to be a lawyer
C. She was hit and got angry D. She had to take care of her sister
【小题3】53. What did Mumbet learn from discussions about the new consititution?
A. She should always obey her owners’ orders B. She should be as free and equal as whites
C. How to be a good servant D. How to apply for a job
【小题4】54. What did Mumbet do after the trial?
A. She chose to work for a lawyer B. She found the NAACP
C. She continued to serve the Ashleys D. She went to live with her grandchildren
【小题5】55. What is the test mainly about?
A. A story of a famous writer and spokesperson B. The friendship between a lawyer and a slave
C. The life of a brave African American woman D. A trial that shocked the whole world
【答案】
【小题1】A
【小题2】C
【小题3】B
【小题4】A
【小题5】C
【文章大意】这是一片人物传记。本文讲述了一位勇敢的奴隶为了获得自由和平等权而努力斗争的故事。
【解析】
【小题1】A考查细节理解。由第一句“Elizabeth Freeman was born about …who were slaves.”可知，Mumbet出生在一个奴隶家庭里，所以她也是一个奴隶。故选A。
【小题2】C考查细节理解。由第二段的第三句“Mumbet protected her sister…”和第四句“Furious, she left the house and refused to come back.”可知，Mumbet在奴隶主暴打姐姐的时候因为保护姐姐而被打，她因为愤怒而离开了奴隶主家。故选C。
【小题3】B考查细节理解。由第三段的第二句“If the constitution said that all…she thought it should apply to her”可知，Mumbet在新宪法的讨论中知道了所有人都是自由和平等的，故选B。
【小题4】 A考查细节理解。由第四段可知，Mumbet在审判之后拒绝了Ashleys家的聘用，去为律师Sedgewick工作，故选A。
【小题5】C考查主旨要义。通过阅读文章可知，本文讲述的是一位勇敢的奴隶为了获得自由而做出的努力。故选C。
考点：考查人物传记阅读
【2014·广东卷】A
Samuel Osmond is a 19-year-old law student from Cornwall, England. He never studied the piano. However, he can play very difficult musical pieces by musicians such as Chopin and Beethoven just a few minutes after he hears them. He learns a piece of music by listening to it in parts. Then he thinks about the notes in his head. Two years ago, he played his first piece Moonlight Sonata（奏鸣曲）by Beethoven. He surprised everyone around him.
Amazed that he remembered this long and difficult piece of music and played it perfectly, his teachers say Samuel is unbelievable .They say his ability is very rare, but Samuel doesn’t even realize that what he can do is special. Samuel wanted to become a lawyer as it was the wish of his parents, but music teachers told him he should study music instead. Now, he studies law and music.
Samuel can’t understand why everyone is so surprised. “I grew up with music. My mother played the piano and my father played the guitar. About two years ago, I suddenly decided to start playing the piano, without being able to read music and without having any lessons. It comes easily to me ---I hear the notes and can bear them in mind---each and every note,” says Samuel.
Recently, Samuel performed a piece during a special event at his college. The piece had more than a thousand notes. The audience was impressed by his amazing performance. He is now learning
a piece that is so difficult that many professional pianists can’t play it. Samuel says confidently,” It’s all about super memory---I guess I have that gift.”
However, Samuel’s ability to remember things doesn’t stop with music. His family says that even when he was a young boy, Samuel heard someone read a story, and then he could retell the story word for word.
Samuel is still only a teenager. He doesn’t know what he wants to do in the future. For now, he is just happy to play beautiful music and continue his studies.
【小题1】What is special about Samuel Osmond?
A. He has a gift for writing music.
B. He can write down the note he hears.
C. He is a top student at the law school.
D. He can play the musical piece he hears.
【小题2】What can we learn from Paragraph 2?
A. Samuel chose law against the wish of his parents.
B. Samuel planned to be a lawyer rather than a musician.
C. Samuel thinks of himself as a man of great musical ability.
D. Samuel studies law and music on the advice of his teachers.
【小题3】Everyone around Samuel was surprised because he _________.
A. received a good early education in music
B. played the guitar and the piano perfectly
C. could play the piano without reading music
D. could play the guitar better than his father
【小题4】What can we infer about Samuel in Paragraph 4?
A. He became famous during a special event at his college.
B. He is proud of his ability to remember things accurately.
C. He plays the piano better than many professional pianists.
D. He impressed the audience by playing all the musical pieces.
【小题5】Which of the following is the best title of the passage?
A. The Qualities of a Musician
B. The Story of a Musical Talent
A. The Importance of Early Education
B. The Relationship between Memory and Music.
【答案】
【小题1】D
【小题2】B
【小题3】C
【小题4】B
【小题5】B
【解析】
试题分析：本文是一篇记叙文。文中叙述了一个名叫Samuel Osmond的音乐天才。他在不会读乐谱的情况下，能把听到的乐曲弹奏出来。他的记忆力好，能把听到的乐曲记下来。他不仅能记住乐曲，听到的故事也能复述。
【小题1】D.考查细节理解。Samuel Osmond的特殊之处是什么？根据 However, he can play very difficult musical pieces by musicians such as Chopin and Beethoven just a few minutes after he hears them. 可知Samuel Osmond能把听到的乐曲弹奏出来，故选D。
【小题3】C.考查细节理解。Samuel周围的人对他感到惊讶是因为什么？根据I suddenly decided to start playing the piano, without being able to read music and without having any lessons.可知Samuel不会读乐谱的情况下就会弹钢琴，这使大家感到惊讶。故选C。
【小题4】B.考查推理判断。在第四段中我们可以推断出关于Samuel的什么事情？ 根据He is now learning a piece that is so difficult that many professional pianists can’t play it.可知Samuel正在学习许多专业钢琴家也不会弹的曲子，故推断他比许多专业钢琴家弹钢琴弹得好。故选B。
【小题5】B.考查文章标题。下面哪一个是文章的最好标题？根据He never studied the piano. However, he can play very difficult musical pieces by musicians such as Chopin and Beethoven just a few minutes after he hears them. 本文围绕着Samuel没有学习弹钢琴，只是听到乐曲就能记下来，然后弹奏出来，这是一个特殊的天赋，因此本文的标题是讲的一个音乐天才的故事。故选B。
考点：人物类短文阅读。
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