第一讲 语法填空
[全国卷3年考情分析]
注：2017、2016年全国高考共3套试题，有的按甲、乙、丙卷分类，有的按Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ卷分类，其对应关系为Ⅰ卷—乙卷、Ⅱ卷—甲卷、Ⅲ卷—丙卷，本书按Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ卷分类，以下各题型同。
[命题者说]
语法填空是高考英语试题的一项创新，它将语法知识的考查融于一篇英语短文中，通过设置纯空格题和给词填空两种形式表现出来，突出考查学生通过语境运用语法知识的能力，更客观、准确地考量学生的语法知识水平。此题虽然只有15分，占英语全卷分数的十分之一，但也是英语考卷的重要组成部分，不可小觑。要想此题有好的发挥，学好语法，注重运用必不可少，这是基础；了解考点，掌握解题技巧才是确保得分的关键。
近3年全国卷八套试题的语法填空部分充分体现了“实词考查为主，虚词考查为辅”的命题原则。命题形式分为有提示词和无提示词两种。
1．有提示词
有提示词的语法填空考查了动词的时态、语态、主谓一致；非谓语动词；形容词的比较等级；名词的数；代词的格以及词类转换。
(1)动词的考查是语法填空的重点，包括谓语动词和非谓语动词。近3年的八套试题对动词的考查比较稳定，基本是每套3－5题，涉及的范围比较广，几乎涵盖了除虚拟语气之外所有动词的用法。预计将来对动词的考查将一如既往地稳定，虚拟语气也应引起大家的注意。
(2)名词、代词的考查每年都会涉及。名词主要考查单复数的变化，代词主要考查人称代词主格、宾格和形容词性物主代词的变化。在此提醒大家关注一下反身代词的考查。
(3)形容词、副词的比较等级偶有考查，近3年的八套试题中出现了两次，都是考查的比较级。但最高级也应成为大家关注的对象。
(4)词类转换的考查相对稳定，平均每套题两个左右，形容词变副词是考查的重点，另外，动
词变为名词，名词与形容词的互变等都应在备考中多注意。
2．无提示词
无提示词的语法填空考查了冠词、介词、代词、并列连词、从句引导词、助动词以及语境填词。
(1)冠词、介词主要考查基本用法及固定搭配；并列连词主要看前后的逻辑关系；助动词主要是疑问句或否定句；语境填词包括按固定搭配或逻辑关系选择合适的词。
(2)从句引导词指的是三大从句的引导词，包括定语从句的关系代词和关系副词；名词性从句的连接词、连接代词和连接副词；状语从句的连词。但是考查的比较简单，只要搞清从句的基本用法大体都能做对。
(3)另外，there be结构与强调句型也应在备考中多关注。
(2017·全国卷Ⅰ)There has been a recent trend in the food service industry toward lower fat content and less salt. This trend, which was started by the medical community(医学界) 61.____________ a method of fighting heart disease, has had some unintended side 62.____________ (effect) such as overweight and heart disease—the very thing the medical community was trying to fight.
Fat and salt are very important parts of a diet. They are required 63.____________ (process) the food that we eat, to recover from injury and for several other bodily functions. When fat and salt 64.____________ (remove) from food, the food tastes as if it is missing something. As 65.____________ result, people will eat more food to try to make up for that something missing. Even 66.____________ (bad), the amount of fast food that people eat goes up. Fast food 67.____________ (be) full of fat and salt; by 68.____________ (eat) more fast food people will get more salt and fat than they need in their diet.
Having enough fat and salt in your meals will reduce the urge to snack(吃点心) between meals and will improve the taste of your food.However, be 69.____________ (care) not to go to extremes. Like anything, it is possible to have too much of both, 70.____________ is not good for the health.
[解题导语] 本文是一篇说明文。文章讲述了对于食物中的脂肪和盐分，人们的态度不一。脂肪和盐分对于健康来说是必不可少的，但如果人们摄入过多的脂肪和盐分，自身的健康将会受到损害。
61．as 解析：考查介词。分析句子结构可知，此处在句中作状语，表示“作为一种抵御心脏病的方式”，所以填as，意为“作为”。
62．effects 解析：考查名词复数。这种趋势产生了一些意想不到的副作用。根据空前的“some”及空后的“such as overweight and heart disease”可知，此处指不止一种副作用，故用名词复数形式effects。
63．to process 解析：考查非谓语动词。be required to do sth.为固定用法。
64．are removed 解析：考查时态和语态。本文的主体时态为一般现在时，此处亦应用一般现在时；又因fat and salt是动词remove的承受者，应用被动语态。所以此处填are removed。
65．a 解析：考查冠词。as a result为固定搭配，意为“结果”。
66．worse 解析：考查比较级。短语even worse意为“更糟糕的是”，表示意义的递进。故用worse。
67．is 解析：考查时态和主谓一致。此处是对客观情况的描述，应用一般现在时；分析句子结构可知，该句缺少谓语动词，又因主语为Fast food，故填is。
68．eating 解析：考查非谓语动词。介词by后跟名词、代词或动名词作宾语，故填eat的动名词形式eating。
69．careful 解析：考查形容词。句意：然而，注意不要走极端。此处为形容词作表语，故填careful“当心的”构成系表结构。
70．which 解析：考查非限制性定语从句。分析句子结构可知，此处为非限制性定语从句，空处指代前句的内容，且在从句中作主语，故填关系代词which。
(2017·全国卷Ⅱ)In 1863 the first underground passenger railway in the world opened in London. It ran for just under seven kilometers and allowed people to avoid terrible 61.____________(crowd) on the roads above as they travelled to and 62.____________ work. It took three years to complete and was built using an interesting method. This included digging up the road, 63.____________(lay) the track and then building a strong roof over 64.____________ top. When all those had been done, the road surface was replaced.
Steam engines 65.____________(use) to pull the carriages and it must have been 66.____________(fair) unpleasant for the passengers, with all the smoke and noise. However, the railway quickly proved to be a great success and within six months, more than 25，000 people were using 67.____________ every day.
Later, engineers 68.____________(manage) to construct railways in a system of deep tunnels(隧道), which became known as the Tube. This development was only possible with the 69.____________ (introduce) of electricpowered engines and lifts. The Central London Railway was one of the most 70.____________(success) of these new lines,
and was opened in 1900. It had whitepainted tunnels and bright red carriages, and proved extremely popular with the public.
[解题导语] 本文是一篇说明文，介绍了全世界第一个地下客运铁路在英国开放及其逐渐发展成现在的地铁的过程。
61．crowds 解析：考查名词复数。因为crowd为可数名词，并且其前没有限定词，所以此处用其复数形式。
62．from 解析：考查介词。此处to and from work是指“当他们来回上下班时”。
63．laying 解析：考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知，该句的主语为This，谓语动词included后由and连接了三个动名词短语作宾语。故填laying。
64．the 解析：考查定冠词。此处指的是在顶端建造一个结实的顶，所以在top前加the。
65．were used 解析：考查动词时态和语态。因为是介绍1863年的事情，而且Steam engines与use之间为被动关系，故用一般过去时的被动语态。故填were used。
66．fairly 解析：考查副词。此处fair是形容词，unpleasant也是形容词，所以要将fair变为副词来修饰形容词unpleasant，故在其前填fairly。
67．it 解析：考查代词。根据上文的“the railway quickly”可知，此处用it代替the railway。
68．managed 解析：考查动词时态。因为engineers与manage之间为主动关系，而且是发生在过去的事情，所以填managed。
69．introduction 解析：考查词性转换。由前面的定冠词the可知，其后应接名词，故填introduction。
70．successful 解析：考查词性转换。根据语境并结合空前的the most可知，空处表达最高级意义。故填successful。
(2017·全国卷Ⅲ)She looks like any other schoolgirl, freshfaced and full of life. Sarah Thomas is looking forward to the challenge of her new Alevel course. But unlike her school friends ，16yearold Sarah is not spending halfterm 41.____________(rest). Instead, she is earning ￡6，500 a day as 42.____________ model in New York.
Sarah 43.____________(tell) that she could be Britain’s new supermodel, earning a million dollars in the next year. Her father Peter, 44, wants her to give up school to model fulltime. But Sarah, 44.____________ has taken part in shows along with top models, wants 45.____________(prove) that she has brains as well as beauty. She is determined to carry on with her 46.____________(educate)．
She has turned down several 47.____________(invitation) to star at shows in order to concentrate on her studies. After school she plans to take a year off to model fulltime before going to university to get a degree 48.____________engineering or
architecture.
Sarah says, “My dad thinks I should take the offer now. But at the moment, school 49.____________(come) first. I don’t want to get too absorbed in modeling. It is 50.____________(certain) fun but the lifestyle is a little unreal. I don’t want to have nothing else to fall back on when I can’t model any more.”
[解题导语] 本文是一篇记叙文，讲述了16岁的Sarah在上学的同时兼职做模特，并且取得了巨大的成功；虽然她父亲希望她当全职模特，但是Sarah仍然坚持要完成学业。
41．resting 解析：考查非谓语动词。spend time doing sth.是固定搭配，故填resting。
42．a 解析：考查冠词。该空后面model是可数名词单数，此处表示“作为一名模特”，故填a。
43．has been told/was told 解析：考查动词时态和语态。此处动词tell与Sarah是被动关系，因为第二段在讲述父亲和Sarah的想法时都是用现在时，因此可以用现在完成时表达过去对现在的影响，故可以填has been told。此外，“被告知”这件事情发生在过去，故也可填was told。
44．who 解析：考查定语从句。此句Sarah是主语，wants是主句谓语，因此可以判断此处是非限制性定语从句，先行词为Sarah，从句中缺主语且指人，故填who。
45．to prove 解析：考查非谓语动词。want to do是固定搭配，故填to prove。
46．education 解析：考查词性转换。形容词性物主代词her后需用educate的名词形式，故填education。
47．invitations 解析：考查名词单复数。invitation是可数名词，前面有several修饰，要用复数形式，故填invitations。
48．in 解析：考查介词。degree与介词in搭配，表示在某方面的学位。故填in。
49．comes 解析：考查动词时态。全文均为现在时，且school是第三人称单数，故填comes。
50．certainly 解析：考查副词。此处fun是形容词，应该用副词来修饰形容词，故填certainly。
一、有提示词
(一)提示词为动词
“一定三思”解“动词”
命题点1 考查谓语动词
若句中没有别的谓语动词，或者虽然已有谓语动词，但需填的动词与之是并列关系时，所给动词就是谓语动词，就要考虑时态和语态，还要注意主谓一致和虚拟语气。
[示例1] (2017·全国卷Ⅰ)When fat and salt 64.____________ (remove) from food, the food tastes as if it is missing something.
[解析] are removed 考查时态、语态和主谓一致。分析句子结构可知，64空所在的时间状语从句中没有谓语动词，故空处应填谓语动词。根据语境可知此处用一般现在时，由于主语fat and salt是复数概念，且与remove是被动关系，所以填一般现在时的被动语态结构are removed。
[示例2] (2017·全国卷Ⅱ)Later, engineers 68.____________(manage) to construct railways in a system of deep tunnels(隧道), which became known as the Tube.
[解析] managed 考查时态。分析句子结构可知，68空所在句的句中没有谓语动词，故空处应填谓语动词。因为engineers与manage之间为主动关系且从时间状语later和became known as ... 可知应用一般过去时，所以应填managed。
命题点2 考查非谓语动词
若句中已有谓语动词，又不是并列谓语时，所给动词通常是非谓语动词，就要确定是v.－ing形式，v.－ed形式，还是不定式。一般来说，v.－ing形式表示主动进行；v.－ed形式表示被动完成；不定式表示尚未发生的动作。
[示例1] (2017·全国卷Ⅱ)This included digging up the road, 63.____________(lay) the track and then building a strong roof over 64.the top.
[解析] laying 考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知，63空所在的句子中已有谓语动词included，且空处不与included作并列谓语，故空处应填非谓语动词。included后的dig，lay，build是三个并列的动作，根据digging及building可知，lay也应用动名词形式。
[示例2] (2017·全国卷Ⅲ)But unlike her school friends，16yearold Sarah is not spending halfterm 41.____________(rest)．
[解析] resting 考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知，41空所在的句子中已有谓语动词is not spending，且空处不与其作并列谓语，故空处应填非谓语动词。spend time(in) doing
sth.表示“花费时间做某事”。
[示例3] (2016·全国卷Ⅲ)Skilled workers also combine various hardwoods and metal 43.____________(create) special designs.
[解析] to create 考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知，43空所在句中已有谓语动词combine，且空处不与combine作并列谓语，故填非谓语动词。此处应用不定式作目的状语，故答案为to create。
[示例4] (2015·全国卷Ⅰ)A study of travelers 68.____________(conduct) by the website TripAdvisor names Yangshuo as one of the top 10 destinations in the world.
[解析] conducted 考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知，68空所在句中已有谓语动词names，且不与names作并列谓语，故填非谓语动词。study和conduct之间为被动关系，所以使用过去分词作定语。故答案为conducted。
命题点3 考查词类转换
有时所给提示词虽然是动词，但是空格处既不是考查谓语动词也不是考查非谓语动词，而是要求进行词类转换。
[示例1] (2017·全国卷Ⅲ)She is determined to carry on with her 46.____________(educate)．
[解析] education 考查词性转化之动词变名词。形容词性物主代词her应该用来修饰名词，educate的名词形式是education。
[示例2] (2017·全国卷Ⅰ)Having enough fat and salt in your meals will reduce the urge to snack(吃点心) between meals and will improve the taste of your food.However, be 69.____________ (care) not to go to extremes.
[解析] careful 考查词性转换之动词变为形容词。be之后接形容词作表语，care的形容词形式是careful。
(二)提示词为名词或代词
“一同二变”看“名、代”
命题点1 考查名词、代词的数与格
所给提示词是名词时，一般考查单复数的变化，偶尔考查所有格；所给词是代词时，一般考查人称代词变为物主代词。
[示例1] (2017·全国卷Ⅰ)This trend, which was started by the medical community(医学界) 61.as a method of fighting heart disease, has had some unintended
side 62.____________(effect) such as overweight and heart disease—the very thing the medical community was trying to fight.
[解析] effects 考查名词复数。side effect副作用，由前面的some和下文中的两个例子overweight and heart disease可知名词effect用复数形式effects。
[示例2] (2016·全国卷Ⅱ)Recent 66.____________(study) show that we are far more productive at work if we take short breaks 67.regularly．
[解析] studies 考查名词的数。本句的谓语动词是show，说明空格处的主语是名词复数studies。
[示例3] (2016·四川卷)By that time，the panda no longer needed 68.____________ (it) mother for food.
[解析] its 考查代词的格。此处表示“它的母亲”，故使用形容词性物主代词修饰名词mother。故答案为its。
命题点2 考查名词的词类转换及人称代词变为反身代词
所给提示词是名词时，有时考查词类转换，主要是名词变为形容词或动词。所给提示词为代词时，有时考查人称代词变为反身代词。
[示例1] (2017·全国卷Ⅱ)The Central London Railway was one of the most 70.____________(success) of these new lines, and was opened in 1900. It had whitepainted tunnels and bright red carriages, and proved extremely popular with the public.
[解析] successful 考查词性转换之名词变为形容词。“one of the＋形容词最高级＋可数名词复数”表示“最……的……之一”，此处应填success的形容词形式successful。
[示例2] (2015·全国卷Ⅱ)As 49.____________ (nature) architects，the Pueblo Indians figured out exactly 50.how thick the adobe walls needed to be to make the cycle work on most days.
[解析] natural 考查词性转换之名词变为形容词。结合空格后的architects可知应该用形容词作定语，修饰名词，因此填natural。
[示例3] (2017·咸阳模拟)When I got to the exit again, I found 66.____________(I) driving to the place we had driven in.
[解析] myself 考查人称代词转化为反身代词。空格内的词与前面的I相对应，应是我发现“我自己”，故用反身代词myself。
(三)提示词为形容词或副词
“二步思维”破“形、副”
命题点1 考查形容词或副词的比较等级
所给提示词是形容词或副词时，需考虑是否变为比较级或最高级。
[示例1] (2017·全国卷Ⅰ)Even 66.____________ (bad), the amount of fast food that people eat goes up.
[解析] worse 考查副词的比较级。根据语境可知，此处表示程度的加深，所以用比较级形式。even worse更糟的是，可以看作固定搭配。
[示例2] (2014·辽宁卷)The 68.____________(hard) you try to beat him，the more likely you will get hit.
[解析] harder 考查固定句式中的比较等级。这里是“the＋比较级．..，the＋比较级．..”句式，表示“越……就越……”。故答案为harder。
命题点2 考查词类转换
所给提示词是形容词时，还需要考虑形容词转化为副词或名词。
[示例1] (2017·全国卷Ⅲ)It is 50.____________(certain) fun but the lifestyle is a little unreal. I don’t want to have nothing else to fall back on when I can’t model any more.
[解析] certainly 考查词性转换之形容词变为副词。此处应该用副词来修饰形容词fun，certain的副词形式为certainly。
[示例2] (2016·全国卷Ⅰ)The title will be 63.____________(official) given to me at a ceremony in London.
[解析] officially 考查词性转换之形容词变为副词。修饰谓语部分应用副词形式。故答案为officially。
[示例3] (2015·全国卷Ⅱ)In addition to their simple beauty，what makes the adobe dwellings admirable is their 43.____________(able) to “air condition” a house without 44.using electric equipment.
[解析] ability 考查词类转换。空格前的their是形容词性物主代词，其后应该接名词。故答案为ability。
二、无提示词
“二步”准填无提示词
命题点1 填代词
无提示词的考查中，当句中缺少主语或宾语时，一般要填代词，主要包括人称代词、关系代词以及it的用法。
[示例1] (2017·全国卷Ⅰ)Like anything, it is possible to have too much of both, 70.____________ is not good for the health.
[解析] which 考查非限制性定语从句的引导词。分析句子结构可知，空格处所填词引导非限制性定语从句并在从句中作主语，且指代整个主句的内容，故填关系代词which。
[示例2] (2015·浙江卷)How would you like ____________ if you were watching your favorite TV program and someone came into the room and just shut it off without asking you?
[解析] it 考查代词。it指代if you were watching...asking you这件事。
命题点2 填介词
如果名词或代词在句中不作主语、表语或动词的宾语时，其前面一般是填介词。通常考查介词与动词、名词、形容词的搭配。
[示例1] (2017·全国卷Ⅲ)After school she plans to take a year off to model fulltime before going to university to get a degree 48.____________engineering or architecture.
[解析] in 考查介词。关于某个专业的学位要用介词in。a degree in engineering or architecture工程学或建筑学学位。
[示例2] (2017·全国卷Ⅱ)In 1863 the first underground passenger railway in the world opened in London. It ran for just under seven kilometers and allowed people to avoid terrible 61.crowds on the roads above as they travelled to and 62.____________ work.
[解析] from 考查介词。travel to and from work上下班。故填from。
[示例3] (2014·全国卷Ⅱ)When the bus finally came，we all hurried on board.I got a place next 44.____________ the window，so I had a good view of the sidewalk.
[解析] to 考查固定搭配中的介词。此处是一个固定短语next to，意为“挨着”。故答案为to。
命题点3 填冠词
如果空格后有名词而且两者搭配在一起表示泛指或特指含义，或者有序数词、最高级、表示特指意义的比较级等形式，那么空格处一般是填冠词。
[示例1] (2017·全国卷Ⅱ)It took three years to complete and was built using an interesting method. This included digging up the road, 63.laying the track and then building a strong roof over 64.____________ top. When all those had been done, the
road surface was replaced.
[解析] the 考查冠词。此处特指“地铁的顶部”，故用定冠词the。
[示例2] (2017·全国卷Ⅲ)Instead, she is earning ￡6，500 a day as 42.____________ model in New York.
[解析] a 考查冠词。句意：相反，她在纽约作为一名模特儿每天收入6 500英镑。用不定冠词a表泛指。
命题点4 填并列连词
空格处是否填并列连词主要是通过观察句子结构确定。这种情况一般是空格前后是两个并列成分，如两个主谓结构完整的词、句子、短语等，而且相并列的成分相互之间存在并列、转折、选择、因果关系。
[示例1] (2016·全国卷Ⅲ)In much of Asia, especially the socalled “rice bowl” cultures of China, Japan, Korea, 41.____________Vietnam, food is usually eaten with chopsticks.
[解析] and 考查并列连词。这里列举了亚洲的一些国家，它们为并列关系，应用and。
[示例2] (2014·全国卷Ⅰ)But the river wasn’t changed in a few days 64.____________even a few months.
[解析] or 考查并列连词。句意：但是河流不是几天或几个月就改变了的。a few days和a few months为并列关系，且此句是否定句，因此要用or连接。
命题点5 填从句连词
从句连词是指三大从句的引导词，它们用来引导状语从句、名词性从句和定语从句。判断空格处填哪一类引导词，首先要看它所引导的是哪一种从句，然后根据引导词的种类和功能来确定填哪一个引导词。
[示例1] (2016·全国卷Ⅰ)But my connection with pandas goes back 64.to my days on a TV show in the mid1980s，65.____________ I was the first Western TV reporter 66.permitted to film a special unit caring for pandas rescued from starvation in the wild.
[解析] when 考查定语从句的引导词。分析句子结构可知，空格处所在的句子是定语从句。定语从句修饰前面的“the mid－1980s”，且从句缺少时间状语，故用when引导该定语从句。
[示例2] (2016·全国卷Ⅲ)Over time，45.____________ the population grew, people began cutting food into small pieces so it would cook more quickly.
[解析] when/as 考查状语从句的引导词。空格处引导时间状语从句，表示“当……时候，随着”，应用when/as。
[示例3] (2015·全国卷Ⅰ)I’d skipped nearby Guilin，a dream place for tourists
seeking the limestone mountain tops and dark waters of the Li River 64.____________ are pictured by artists in so many Chinese 65.paintings．
[解析] that/which 考查定语从句的引导词。根据句意和句子结构可知此处是一个定语从句，因为先行词是物，且在定语从句中作主语，所以用that或which。
[示例4] (2014·广东卷)I didn’t understand 20.____________ this would happen and my credit card had already been charged 21.for the reservation.
[解析] why 考查宾语从句的引导词。“我”不知道/不明白________会发生这样的事情。不明白的一定是原因。故答案为why。
命题点6 填助动词或情态动词
有时，我们需要用助动词来构成某些句式，如疑问句、否定句或强调句型等；另外，有时也需要根据语境填上相应的情态动词。
[示例1] (2014·全国卷Ⅱ)Then the driver stood up and asked，“48.____________ anyone lose a suitcase at the last stop？”
[解析] Did 考查一般疑问句式中的助动词。分析语境，此处指司机问“有人在上一站丢失手提箱吗？”。这是一个问句，同时丢失东西的动作已经发生，应用一般过去时，因此填did。注意首字母要大写。故答案为Did。
[示例2] (2014·全国卷样题)Mum：Are they there？Oh，my goodness. I 69.____________ have put them in there when the phone rang.
[解析] must 考查情态动词。结合语境可知，此处表示对过去发生的事情进行的肯定推测，故用must。
命题点7 其他语境填词
无提示词的空格有时也需要根据固定搭配、逻辑关系以及句式结构填写适当的词。
[示例1] (2016·全国卷Ⅱ)So, get an early start and try to be as productive 65.____________ possible before lunch.
[解析] as 考查固定搭配。as...as possible为固定搭配，意为“尽可能……”。故答案为as。
[示例2] (2015·全国卷Ⅰ)It was raining lightly when I 61.arrived in Yangshuo just before dawn.But I didn’t care.A few hours 62.____________，I’d been at home in Hong Kong，with 63.its choking smog.
[解析] before/earlier 考查逻辑关系。根据句意和“I’d been at home”的时态可知此处表示“几个小时前，我待在香港的家里”，“待在家里”应该是发生在过去动作arrived之前，故此处填before或earlier均可。
[示例3] (2014·辽宁卷)Oh...，69.if you don’t mind，I’ll stop and take a deep 70.____________．
[解析] breath 考查固定搭配。take a deep breath意为“深深地吸一口气”，属于固定搭配，故答案为breath。
,[学生用书P5] )
A
(2017·郑州第三次质量预测)Being raised in a family of teachers, I 1.____________(get) plenty of chances to connect myself with literature since a young age. So I have many stories about me and reading.
It was my father who took me on the road to reading and made me appreciate 2.____________(it) beauty. When I was a little girl, he bought me a book 3.____________(name) Romance of the Three Kingdoms.I was too young to read this difficult work, so my father explained it to me 4.____________(patient). From then on, I started to enjoy reading books.
When I became a middle school student, I began to read some simplified English classics on my own. Sometimes, I would write down my thoughts and 5.____________(feel) and share them with my father. Among all the books that I read during my middle school years, Jane Eyre left the 6.____________(deep) impression on me. I was having some difficulties with my studies at that time, 7.____________Jane Eyre’s persistence(坚持) and courage inspired me a lot. Thanks to my reading habit, I managed 8.____________(overcome) the difficulties of my studies.
Now, I’m a senior high school student and very busy with my studies. But I still keep on reading in my spare time. My mother told me that I should be absorbed 9.____________my studies, but in my point of view, I regard reading as an oasis(绿洲) that can make me relax.
Recently, I thought about the benefits 10.____________reading could bring us. Reading can clear our minds and motivate us. In addition, we may broaden our horizons and gain more knowledge through reading. I hope that my story can inspire you to start your own reading adventure.
[解题导语] 本文主要讲述了作者和阅读之间的故事，鼓励大家多读书。
1．have got/gotten 解析：考查动词时态。since意为“自从”时，主句一般用现在完成时，从句用一般过去时。
2．its 解析：考查代词。修饰名词一般用形容词，故用形容词性物主代词its 修饰名词 beauty, 作定语。
3．named 解析：考查非谓语动词。name 和句子谓语 bought 之间没有连词，故用非谓语动词，且和其逻辑主语 a book 构成动宾关系，故用过去分词作后置定语。
4．patiently 解析：考查副词。副词修饰形容词、副词、动词甚至整个句子，作状语。故用副词 patiently 修饰动词 explained。
5．feelings 解析：考查词性转换。根据 and 可知，此处和thoughts 并列，故用feel的名词的复数形式feelings。
6．deepest 解析：考查形容词的最高级。与 Among all the books 和定冠词 the 呼应，此处用形容词的最高级形式，修饰名词 impression。
7．but 解析：考查连词。根据语境可知，上下文表示逻辑上的转折关系，故用连词 but。
8．to overcome 解析：考查非谓语动词。固定搭配 manage to do sth. 意为“设法完成某事”，故用不定式作宾语。
9．in 解析：考查介词。固定搭配 be absorbed in sth. 意为“专注于某事”，故用介词in。
10．that/which 解析：考查定语从句。that/which 引导定语从句，在从句中作宾语，该从句修饰先行词 the benefits。
B
(2017·大连双基测试)The origin of tea is lost among history and tales. What can be 1.____________(rough) confirmed is that tea originated in the southwest of China. According to ancient stories, the first person 2.____________(discover) the effects of tea is said to be Shennong—the father of agriculture and herbal 3.____________(medical) in China. It 4.____________(say) that Shennong once tried 72 different kinds of poisonous plants in a day and he lay on the ground, barely alive. At this moment, he noticed several rather fragrant leaves 5.____________(drop) from the tree beside him. Out 6.____________curiosity and habit, Shennong put the leaves into his mouth and chewed 7.____________ slowly. After a little while, he felt well and 8.____________(energy) again. So he picked more leaves to eat 9.____________thus cleared his body from poison.
The ancient Chinese medical book called Shennong Bencaojing states that “Tea tastes bitter. Drinking it, one can think quicker, sleep 10.____________(little), move more swiftly, and see more clearly.” This then was the earliest book to record the medicinal effects of tea.
[解题导语] 本文介绍了“茶”的起源。
1．roughly 解析：考查副词。副词修饰动词。故填 roughly “粗略地”。
2．to discover 解析：考查非谓语动词。不定式短语作后置定语。故填 to discover。
3．medicine 解析：考查词性转换。形容词 herbal “药草的”修饰名词。故填 medicine。herbal medicine 意为“草药”。
4．is said 解析：考查被动语态。根据语境可知，据说神农曾一天之内尝试了72种不同的有毒植物。It is said that意为“据说……”。
5．dropping 解析：考查非谓语动词。根据语境可知，此时，他注意到几片芳香的叶子正从他旁边的树上掉落下来。空处强调“正在掉落”，故用 drop 的现在分词形式。
6．of 解析：考查介词。短语 out of curiosity 意为“出于好奇”。
7．them 解析：考查代词。根据语境可分析出，空处指代 and 前的leaves, 指咀嚼“它们”。故填 them。
8．energetic 解析：考查词性转换。感官动词felt 后应用形容词，故填 energetic。
9．and 解析：考查连词。该空前后表示顺承关系，故用and。
10．less 解析：考查比较级。此处与文中的“think quicker”和“move more swiftly, and see more clearly”为并列结构，故填less。
C
(2017·广西重点高中二模)In human history, many ancient and splendid civilizations were born and died. China is the only country 1.____________uninterrupted human civilization. Chinese civilization was born on the shores of the Yellow River. And the rich land 2.____________Chinese civilization began is Henan Province.
The Yellow River goes across 3.____________(center) Henan. It is China’s main north－to－south and east－to－west artery(干线)．China’s most ancient tribal 4.____________(lead)，the Yellow Emperor and the Yan Emperor, were born here. Even today, Chinese people all over the world still 5.____________(proud) call themselves the descendants(后裔) of these two emperors.
The river holds 6.____________unshakable position in the heart of every Chinese, 7.____________(respect) by every generation and called “the Mother River”. With intelligence, hard work and determination, Chinese descendants pursue co－existence and common prosperity on this land. The 5，446－km－long Yellow River breaks the last barrier and flows into the broad plain, 8.____________(form) the cradle(摇篮) of Chinese civilization.
Till now，the Yellow River 9.____________(raise) 13 dynasties’ capital Luoyang, 8 dynasties’ capital Kaifeng and the biggest economic center in 10.____________ (it) area—Zhengzhou.
[解题导语] 本文是一篇说明文，介绍了黄河对早期黄河流域人类文明产生的深远影响。
1．with 解析：考查介词。中国是唯一一个拥有未被打断过的人类文明的国家。此处表示“有”，故填介词with。
2．where 解析：考查关系副词。这片孕育了中华文明的肥沃土地就位于河南省。分析句子结构可知，空处在此引导定语从句，且在从句中作地点状语，故填 where。
3．central 解析：考查词性转换。空处位于专有名词Henan 前面，应填一个形容词作定语，表示“中心的”。故填center的形容词形式central。
4．leaders 解析：考查名词。中国最早的部落首领炎黄二帝诞生于此。根据句意可知，此处应填复数名词leaders “首领，领袖”。
5．proudly 解析：考查词性转换。空处修饰动词call，故用副词proudly。
6．an 解析：考查冠词。黄河在每一个中国人心中的地位都是不可动摇的。position “位置”是可数名词，此处表泛指，故填不定冠词；且空处位于发音以元音音素开头的单词前，故填an。
7．respected 解析：考查非谓语动词。黄河受每代人的尊敬，被称为“母亲河”。分析句子结构可知，respect与The river之间为逻辑上的动宾关系，故用过去分词作后置定语。故填respected。
8．forming 解析：考查非谓语动词。5 446公里长的黄河冲破了最后的壁垒，流入广袤的平原之中，形成了中华文明的摇篮。分析句子结构可知，form与句子主语之间是逻辑上的主谓关系，故用现在分词作结果状语。
9．has raised 解析：考查动词的时态。黄河孕育了13朝古都洛阳，8朝古都开封以及其流域内最大的经济中心——郑州。由句中的时间状语可知，此处应用现在完成时强调过去的动作对现在造成的影响。
10．its 解析：考查代词。分析句子结构可知，空处在句中作定语，修饰 area，此处应用形容词性物主代词，故填its。
D
(2017·武汉高中毕业生调研)Sending gifts varies greatly from country to country. In Australia, Canada, the United States 1.____________European countries, sending gifts is rarely expected. While seen as a nice gesture, it is more important to avoid 2.____________(give) highly personal gifts such as clothing. When visiting the home of a colleague from one of these 3.______ ______(country), it is normally appropriate to bring a gift to the hostess.
In America, 4.____________(expense) gifts are definitely out. A good 5.____________(choose) is to take the deserving person to dinner, or to 6.____________entertainment or a sporting event. 7.____________the contrary, gift giving is a traditional custom in Japan. In Japan the proper gift is thought
8.____________(express) the giver’s true friendship, gratitude and respect far 9.____________(well) than words can. So if you plan to visit Japan or to have any Japanese visit you here, be prepared.
Australia is known for its friendliness and informality. So modest gifts, such as a diary, a paperweight, or a coffee cup might 10.____________(present) to a friend. At a trade show, T－shirts, ties, baseball caps, or a pin may be appropriate souvenirs. Anything more than these types of gifts could cause embarrassment.
[解题导语] 本文是一篇说明文，介绍了美国、日本、澳大利亚等国不同的送礼物习惯。
1．and 解析：考查连词。根据空前的“Australia, Canada, the United States” 和空后的“European countries”可知，空处前后为并列关系，故用并列连词 and。
2．giving 解析：考查动名词。avoid doing sth.为固定搭配，意为“避免做某事”，故填giving。
3．countries 解析：考查名词的数。根据空前的 these 可知，可数名词 country 应当用复数形式。
4．expensive 解析：考查形容词。空处修饰后面的名词 gifts，故用形容词形式。
5．choice 解析：考查名词。根据空前的形容词 good 和不定冠词 A 可以判断，空处应用名词的单数形式。
6．an 解析：考查不定冠词。该处泛指“一次娱乐活动”，entertainment的读音以元音音素开头，故用an。
7．On 解析：考查固定搭配。on the contrary为固定搭配，意为“与此相反”。
8．to express 解析：考查动词不定式。此处表示“在日本，恰当的礼物被认为表达了送礼物者真正的友谊”。be thought to do sth.为固定搭配，意为“被认为……”，故用动词不定式。
9．better 解析：考查比较级。根据空后的 than 可知，该处用 well 的比较级。
10．be presented 解析：考查被动语态。该句主语 modest gifts 和动词 present 之间是被动关系，故用被动语态。
专题强化训练1 语法填空(一)[学生用书P85(单独成册)]
A
(2017·甘肃兰州高考实践模拟考试)Researchers from Shandong University in east China and the University of California, Riverside in the U．S. have created paper which can stand to be reprinted on 1.____________(score) of times, reported the Daily Mail in the UK.
A sheet of the special paper can stand to be reprinted on up 2.____________80
times, according to the report. The print material is ultraviolet(紫外线的)，and the printed words and images disappear when the paper is heated to 120 degrees Celsius.
The core technology is said to be the ink , and any paper could 3.____________(make) reprintable if it can be 4.____________(safe) heated to the right temperature.
The chemicals in the ink include Prussian blue and titanium dioxide(二氧化钛)．The blue component 5.____________(lose) its color when bombarded(冲击) with electrons(电子)．
The special paper 6.____________(it) is blue before printing. When ultraviolet rays are used in the printing process, titanium dioxide in the chemical compound(化合物) loses electrons, 7.____________are then obtained by the Prussian blue. Most of the sheet loses its blue color, 8.____________(leave) behind words!
But the words on the paper are readable for 9.____________limited time only. After five days, the sheet of paper will have returned to its original blue color and the words will be gone. The duration(持续时间) is even 10.____________(short) if the paper is heated, even for only a few seconds.
[解题导语] 本文主要介绍了一项新的发明——可多次复印的特殊纸张。
1．scores 解析：考查固定词组。scores of 为固定词组，意为“大量，很多”，与times呼应。
2．to 解析：考查介词。up to ...意为“到达(某数量)”，与80 times 呼应，故用介词 to。
3．be made 解析：考查被动语态。make 和句子主语 paper 之间构成逻辑上的被动关系，且与情态动词 could 呼应，故用be made。
4．safely 解析：考查副词。修饰动词应用副词，故用副词safely 在句子中作状语。
5．loses 解析：考查动词时态和主谓一致。与上文 include 呼应可知，此处应用一般现在时，且由主语 The blue component 为单数形式可知，应用 loses。
6．itself 解析：考查代词。此处 itself 是反身代词，和句子主语The special paper表示同一物，起强调的作用。
7．which 解析：考查定语从句。which 引导非限制性定语从句，在从句中作主语，修饰先行词 electrons。
8．leaving 解析：考查非谓语动词。leave 和句子谓语 loses 之间没有连词，且与其逻辑主语构成主谓关系，故用现在分词作状语。
9．a 解析：考查冠词。time 作“一段时间”讲时是不可数名词，但被冠词和形容词修饰时，表示具体的概念，故此处用不定冠词 a 修饰。
10．shorter 解析：考查形容词比较级。此处的 even for only a few seconds 和上文的 After
five days 形成对比，由此可知时间更短，故用 shorter。
B
(2017·长春监测二)On the first day of her work, Sally found that a class full of problems was waiting for her. She was told six teachers 1.____________(quit) before her. When she walked into the classroom, it was chaos: two boys were fighting in a corner, yet 2.____________rest of the class seemed not to notice them; some girls were chatting and some were running about with paper, food packages and other garbage 3.____________(leave) everywhere.
Sally walked onto the platform, 4.____________(pick) up a piece of chalk and wrote on the blackboard: “Rule 1: We are family！”All students stopped 5.____________(look) at her. And she continued with Rule 2, Rule 3 ... In the following weeks, Sally worked out 10 class rules and posted them 6.____________the wall of the classroom. She patiently explained all the rules to the students and required everyone to follow them.
7．____________(surprise), Sally was not driven out like the former teachers; 8.____________， she won respect from the students. Over the years, she has witnessed gradual changes in the class. At the graduation ceremony, just 9.____________she expected, she was very proud to stand with a class of care，manners and 10.____________(confident)．
[解题导语] 本文讲述了一名老师通过努力制定课堂规则，最终感化学生的故事。
1．had quit(ted) 解析：考查动词的时态。句意：她被告知在她之前已有六位老师辞职。根据语境，quit 的动作发生在 was told 之前，即“过去的过去”，应用过去完成时。故填 had quit(ted)。
2．the 解析：考查冠词。句意：当她走进教室的时候，教室里一片混乱：两个男孩在角落里打架，而班里剩下的人好像根本没注意到他们；一些女孩在聊天，一些人在到处跑，到处都是纸、食品袋和其他垃圾。the rest of 为固定短语，意为“其余的”。故填 the。
3．left 解析：考查非谓语动词。句意见上一题解析。此处为“with＋宾语＋宾补”的复合结构，逻辑主语为 paper, food packages and other garbage，与动词 leave 之间是被动关系，故用过去分词作宾补。故填 left。
4．picked 解析：考查动词的时态。句意：萨莉走上讲台，拿起一支粉笔在黑板上写下：“规则1：我们是一家人！”。分析句子结构可知，设空处与 walked 和 wrote 为并列的谓语动词，因此，应用一般过去时，故填 picked。
5．to look 解析：考查非谓语动词。句意：所有学生都停下来看着她。此处指学生停下正在做的事情来看她，stop to do sth. 意为“停下来去做某事”。故填to look。
6．on/onto 解析：考查介词。句意：接下来的几周，萨莉制定了10条班级规则，并把它们张贴在教室的墙上。post...on/onto...意为“把……张贴在……上”，故填 on 或 onto。
7．Surprisingly 解析：考查词性转换。句意：令人惊讶的是，萨莉并没有像之前的老师那样被赶走，反而赢得了学生们的尊重。设空处在句中作状语，修饰整个句子，应用副词。故填 Surprisingly。
8．instead 解析：考查副词。句意见上一题解析。根据句意可知，上下文是对比关系，设空处表示“而不是；相反”。故填instead。
9．as 解析：考查定语从句。句意：在毕业典礼上，正如她所期待的那样，她非常自豪地与一个细心、礼貌并且自信的班级站在一起。本句是一个非限制性定语从句，修饰整个句子，且位于句首，根据句意可知，设空处表示“正如”。故填 as。
10．confidence 解析：考查词性转换。句意见上一题解析。设空处作介词 of 的宾语，应用名词，故填 confidence。
C
(2017·贵阳一中第四次适应性考试)Imagine a road crossing without the three－way traffic signal. Cars, trucks, school buses, bicyclists and students walking to school would try to rush through the crossing 1.____________the same time. Their safety would be in danger.
Thanks to an African－American 2.____________(invent) named Garrett Augustus Morgan, we have three－position traffic signals that help make crossings much safer. Mr.Morgan was born in Kentucky in 1877. He only 3.____________(receive) six years’ education. As a teen he left his family’s farm in search of better opportunities. 4.____________(live) in Cincinnati, Ohio, he continued his studies in English grammar. Then he moved on to Cleveland 5.____________he worked as a repairman for a clothing factory. He had a keen interest in solving problems 6.____________(meet) in everyday life. Later he patented (获得……的专利权)several inventions. The three－way traffic signal was just one of his famous inventions. One day he felt very sad when he saw a traffic accident. 7.____________(help) reduce traffic accidents and save people’s lives, he 8.____________(immediate) began to work on the invention. Finally, it was 9.____________great success which saved lives then, and 10.____________(be) still saving lives today.
[解题导语] 本文介绍了发明三岔路交通信号灯的非裔美国人，并介绍了这一发明对人类的重要性。
1．at 解析：考查介词。句意：汽车、卡车、校车、骑自行车的人、步行去学校的学生可能会同时想冲过十字路口。at the same time 意为“同时”，为固定短语。故填 at。
2．inventor 解析：考查词性转换。句意：多亏一位名叫加勒特·奥古斯塔斯·摩根的非裔美国人的发明家，我们才拥有了三岔口的交通信号灯，帮助我们更安全地过马路。设空前有冠词 an 及 African－American 修饰， 因此设空处应用名词形式；根据 named Garrett Augustus Morgan可知，此处指人。故填 inventor。
3．received 解析：考查动词的时态。句意：他仅仅接受了六年的教育。根据句意，此处讲述过去的事情，故应用一般过去时。故填 received。
4．Living 解析：考查非谓语动词。句意：他居住在俄亥俄州的辛辛那提并继续学习英语语法。live 与主语 he 之间为主动关系，因此应用现在分词作伴随状语。故填Living。
5．where 解析：考查定语从句。句意：之后他搬去了克利夫兰，在那里他在一家服装厂做修理工。分析句子结构可知，设空处引导定语从句，先行词为 Cleveland, 且在从句中充当地点状语，故应用 where 引导该从句。
6．met 解析：考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知，句中已有谓语 had，设空处应用非谓语动词；meet 与 problems 之间为被动关系，故用过去分词作后置定语。故填 met。
7．To help 解析：考查非谓语动词。句意：为了帮助减少交通事故，拯救人们的生命，他立刻开始致力于这项发明。根据句意可知，设空处在句中作目的状语，应用动词不定式。故填 To help。
8．immediately 解析：考查词性转换。句意见上一题解析。设空处修饰谓语动词 began, 应用副词形式。故填 immediately。
9．a 解析：考查冠词。句意：最终，这项发明取得了伟大成功，拯救了生命，并在当今仍在拯救生命。success在此为抽象名词具体化，表示“一件成功的事”， 其前应用不定冠词 a。
10．is 解析：考查动词的时态。句意见上一题解析。根据时间状语today 可知，此处应用一般现在时，主语为 it，故填 is。
专题强化训练2 语法填空(二)[学生用书P86(单独成册)]
A
(2017·唐山一模)With only about 1，800 ones left in the wild, all giant pandas are precious. However, Qizai, 1.____________ seven－year－old panda that lives at the Foping Panda Valley in China’s Shaanxi Province, is even more so. That’s because he is among a handful of giant pandas 2.____________(know) to be the only one 3.____________brown and white fur in the reserve. The 220－pound Qizai has become a superstar, and many 4.____________(toy) in his color have been made. However, life has not always been easy for him.
It was when he was just two months old that Qizai was abandoned by his mother. He spent his early years at the Shaanxi Rare Wildlife Rescue Center. Then he
5.____________(send) to his current home，6.____________there were many other giant pandas. However, the other pandas seemed 7.____________(dislike) him and often bullied(欺负) him by stealing his bamboo.
Researchers are not sure why Qizai has different fur. Some assume that the brown fur is a result of a gene problem and 8.____________think that it is due to climate. 9.____________(hopeful), scientists will be able to make a 10.____________(discover) by observing Qizai’s children.
[解题导语] 世界上只有1 800只野生大熊猫，因此它们弥足珍贵，而拥有棕色皮毛的大熊猫七仔则更加稀有。
1．a 解析：考查冠词。句意：然而，七仔——一只生活在中国陕西省佛坪熊猫谷的七岁大熊猫则更加珍贵。分析句子结构可知，此处____________seven－year－old panda是Qizai的同位语，且句中panda是单数，故填不定冠词a，表泛指。
2．known 解析：考查非谓语动词。句意：那是因为我们都知道它是保护区内一群大熊猫中唯一一只有着棕白相间的毛色的大熊猫。设空处在句中作定语，修饰pandas，且逻辑主语pandas与动词know 之间为被动关系，故填过去分词known。
3．with 解析：考查介词。句意见上一题解析。根据句意可知，这只大熊猫具有这样的特征。with有“具有；带有”的意思，符合句意。故填with。
4．toys 解析：考查名词单复数。句意：这只重220磅的大熊猫七仔已成为超级明星，很多玩具的颜色都做得跟它的一样。toy为可数名词，其前有many修饰，故应用复数形式，故填toys。
5．was sent 解析：考查动词的时态和语态。句意：然后它被送到了它现在的家，那里有很多其他大熊猫。设空处为主句的谓语，send与主语he之间为被动关系，应用被动语态；根据上一句时态可知，此处为发生在过去的事情，故用一般过去时。故填was sent。
6．where 解析：考查定语从句。句意见上一题解析。分析句子结构可知，设空处引导非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词home，从句中缺少地点状语，故填where。
7．to dislike 解析：考查非谓语动词。句意：但是，其他大熊猫好像不喜欢它，经常欺负它，偷它的竹子。seem 后接动词不定式，故填to dislike。
8．others 解析：考查代词。句意：一些人认为棕色皮毛是基因问题，另一些人认为是气候原因。some...others...是固定搭配，意为“一些……另一些……”，故填others.
9．Hopefully 解析：考查词性转换。句意：科学家们有望通过观察七仔的孩子来获得发现。设空处在句中作状语，要用副词形式。故填Hopefully。
10．discovery 解析：考查词性转换。句意见上一题解析。不定冠词后接可数名词单数，故填discovery。
B
(2017·广州检测二)In the West we are familiar with ballets like Swan Lake.But
there’s another classical dance form with a long history 1.____________has only recently burst onto the world scene. It is called classical Chinese dance.
Classical Chinese dance is 2.____________incredibly demanding, refined, and expressive dance form. Alongside ballet, it is also one of the most comprehensive dance systems 3.____________(know) to humankind.
4．____________recently, few people outside China had ever heard of classical Chinese dance. One major reason was that when Chinese companies performed abroad, they often mixed Chinese dance with western dance styles. And so the audience left the theater not sure exactly 5.____________they had just seen.
In 2006, however, the Shen Yun Performing Arts Company 6.____________ (establish) in New York. Its mission was to promote 7.____________(tradition) culture, and this included 8.____________(present) classical Chinese dance in its purest form. Not quite a decade later, classical Chinese dance has become much 9.____________(well) recognised and is starting to influence western ballet.
Although they have significant differences, both ballet and classical Chinese dance have the ability to vividly tell 10.____________(story) and move us through beautiful art.
[解题导语] 本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍中国古典舞在西方国家的发展历程。
1．which/that 解析：考查定语从句。分析句子结构可知，空格处引导定语从句，补充完整是：classical dance form has only recently burst onto the world scene, 所以该定语从句的先行词是“classical dance form”，指物，且从句中缺主语。故用 which/that。
2．an 解析：考查冠词。结合句意可知，此处指中国古典舞是一种要求极高、精致且传神的舞种。空格处表示“一种”，是泛指，且空格后的“incredibly”的读音以元音音素开头。故用 an。
3．known 解析：考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知，本句有谓语动词“is”，所以此处应用非谓语动词；因为动词know与它修饰的名词“systems”之间是被动关系，所以用过去分词作后置定语，表示被动。故用known。
4．Until 解析：考查连词。根据语境可知，此处指直到最近，很少有外国人听说过中国的古典舞。until意为“到……为止”，通常与完成时态搭配，until recently 意为“直到最近”，符合语境。故用Until。注意首字母大写。
5．what 解析：考查名词性从句。分析句子结构可知，“they had just seen”是“sure”之后的宾语从句，且从句中缺少宾语。故用what。
6．was established 解析：考查动词的时态和语态。动词establish与“the Shen Yun Performing Arts Company”之间是被动关系；又因为本文都使用了一般过去时，
因此空格处应用一般过去时的被动语态。故用was established。
7．traditional 解析：考查词性转换。结合句意可知，此处指它的宗旨是推广传统文化。此处应用形容词来修饰名词“culture”。故用traditional。
8．presenting 解析：考查非谓语动词。include后要接动名词作宾语。故用presenting。
9．better 解析：考查副词的比较级。根据语境可知，不到十年的时间，中国的古典舞已经被人们更好地认可并且影响到西方的芭蕾舞了。此处much修饰副词well的比较级。故用better。
10．stories 解析：考查名词复数。story是可数名词，其前没有冠词修饰，故应用其复数形式。故用stories。
C
(2017·重庆调研抽测二)I love my mom. 1.____________(raise) in the South, she was a teenage hippie(嬉皮士)，minus the politics and plus a country－club membership. When I was 11, my dad announced their 2.____________(separate) and divorce.It wasn’t especially 3.____________(surprise), but I cried, and then thought that living in two places might be fun. Through the years, my mom has taught 4.____________(I) many things, not so much through her words, 5.____________through her actions.
I remember watching my mother bake cheesecakes, 6.____________(efficient) manage departments at Macy’s and stand up for her children. But I also remember her choosing “friends” incorrectly, and investing in weak pride because she lacked 7.____________(confident) in her skills, talents and future.
I love mom: That’s never been hard, though it’s certainly been a struggle to respect the woman who 8.____________(make) so many faulty decisions that led to 9.____________nearly hopeless life. I know I’m pretty fortunate in the course of my life and I always hold a belief 10.____________my parents always love, support, and teach their children what they can.
[解题导语] 本文是一篇记叙文。作者讲述了从妈妈那里学到的东西，并表达了对妈妈的爱。
1．Raised 解析：考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知，主语she和raise之间是逻辑上的动宾关系，应用过去分词形式作状语。故填Raised。注意首字母应大写。
2．separation 解析：考查词性转换。and 连接并列成分，且形容词性物主代词their后应用名词，与divorce并列。故填separation。
3．surprising 解析：考查形容词。was 后面接形容词作表语，此处表示“令人吃惊的”，应用现在分词转化而来的形容词surprising。
4．me 解析：考查代词。此处指妈妈教了作者很多东西。此处作“taught”的宾语，
应用人称代词 I 的宾格形式me。
5．but 解析：考查固定结构。句意：这些年来，妈妈通过行动而不是话语教了我很多东西。 not ...but...意为“不是……而是……”。故填but。
6．efficiently 解析：考查词性转换。修饰动词manage应用副词。故填efficiently。
7．confidence 解析：考查词性转换。lack后面接名词作宾语，confident 的名词形式是confidence。
8．made 解析：考查动词的时态。根据下文中的“led to ”可知，此处应用一般过去时。故填made。
9. a 解析：考查冠词。由语境可知，此处指一种近乎无望的生活，表示泛指，且nearly 的读音以辅音音素开头，应用不定冠词a。
10．that 解析：考查同位语从句。句意：我知道，在成长过程中我很幸运而且我总是坚信我的父母会永远竭尽所能地爱护、支持和教育我。分析该句结构和句意可知，空格处引导的是同位语从句，解释说明belief的具体内容，且从句成分齐全，句意完整，应用that引导该从句且that不能省略。
专题强化训练3 语法填空(三)[学生用书P87(单独成册)]
A
(2017·陕西西安八校二模)More than 1，250 lit stalls(货摊) brighten the center of Thailand’s capital city, 1.____________(provide) a multicolored sight. The shelter, 2.____________is designed for thousands of traders and shoppers at Bangkok’s night market, has become an 3.____________(attract) itself.
The market, which 4.____________(call) Train Night Market Ratchada in English, was opened in January 2015 and has become 5.____________popular spot for locals and tourists. Software engineer Prasad Ambati visited the market and took the landscape photographs from a nearby car park. “Those 6.____________(color) tents and people shopping, eating at stalls and the flashing lights were great. The tents made me think of a giant painting.”
This is 7.____________(primary) a market that sells yesteryear(旧时的) goods, old－fashioned 8.____________(collection) of clothes, motorbikes, and second－hand toys. There are also plenty of general market things for sale, 9.____________cheap clothes, shoes, bags, and other fashion items. But above all it’s one of the best places for street food, open－air bars with live music frequently 10.____________(perform) all over.
[解题导语] 本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了位于曼谷的夜市Train Night Market Ratchada。
1．providing 解析：考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知，此处应用非谓语动词；provide与其逻辑主语stalls之间为主谓关系，故用现在分词短语作状语。
2．which 解析：考查定语从句。先行词是The shelter, 空处引导非限制性定语从句，且在从句中作主语，故用which。
3．attraction 解析：考查词性转换。根据空前的an可知，此处应填名词attraction “游览胜地，具有吸引力的事物”。
4．is called 解析：考查时态和语态。定语从句说的是现在的客观事实，应该用一般现在时；which(指代The market)与call之间是动宾关系，故用被动语态。
5．a 解析：考查冠词。spot表示“地点”，是可数名词，且此处为泛指，故填不定冠词a。
6．colo(u)rful 解析：考查词性转换。根据语境可知，此处指的是“颜色鲜艳的，五彩缤纷的”，故填colo(u)rful。
7．primarily 解析：考查词性转换。此处修饰谓语动词，应该用副词，故填primarily。
8．collections 解析：考查名词复数。空前无冠词或者形容词性物主代词，加之collection “收藏物，收藏品”是可数名词，故填collections。
9．like 解析：考查介词。like 意为“像，如”，用来列举事物。
10．performed 解析：考查非谓语动词。此处是“with＋宾语＋宾补”复合结构。宾语music和perform之间是逻辑上的被动关系，故用过去分词作宾补。
B
(2017·西宁三校4月检测)As a movie 1.____________(enthusiastic)，I’d like to recommend some movies to you.
The first one is Good Will Hunting and it is also my favorite. It’s about a young man from a working－class neighborhood. He 2.____________(usual) gets into trouble. One day，he 3.____________(solve) a math problem that the best students in a top university failed to solve.By means of 4.____________ (watch) it，I’m sure you will be encouraged to pursue your talents.
The second is Dead Poets Society. In this movie，Robin Williams plays the role 5.____________ an English teacher. He inspires several boys 6.____________ (love) their lives. You will become encouraged to live life to the fullest and appreciate people 7.____________ push you to succeed.
The third is The Color Purple. It 8.____________ (base) on Alice Walker’s novel The Color Purple. This movie shows life in southern America in the early 1900s. The movie tells the tale of 9.____________ young AfricanAmerican woman’s struggle. I think you will benefit a lot from it.
The last is Schindler’s List. The film follows the 10.____________(truth) story
of Oskar Schindler，who saved more than 1，000 Jews during the Second World War. You will learn more about World War Ⅱ and be touched by this story.
[解题导语] 本文是一篇说明文。作者主要向读者推荐了四部电影。
1．enthusiast 解析：考查词性转换。作为一个电影爱好者，我想向你们推荐几部电影。根据空前的“a”和语境可知，此处应填enthusiastic的名词形式enthusiast“爱好者”。
2．usually 解析：考查词性转换。他经常陷入麻烦。此处应用副词修饰动词gets，故填usually“通常地，经常地”。
3．solved 解析：考查动词的时态。有一天，他解决了一道一所名牌大学里最好的学生都未能解决的数学题。根据句中的时间状语“One day”和“failed”可知，此处也应用一般过去时，故填solved。
4．watching 解析：考查非谓语动词。通过看这部影片，我确信你们会受到激励去发挥自己的才能。by means of “借助……手段”为介词短语，其后可跟名词、代词或动名词，故此处应用watching。
5．of 解析：考查介词。在这部电影中，Robin Williams扮演了一位英语老师的角色。play the role of 表示“扮演……角色”，其后所接宾语为角色名称；play a role/part in“在……中起作用/扮演角色”。
6．to love 解析：考查非谓语动词。他激励一些男孩热爱他们的生命。inspire sb. to do sth.“激励某人做某事”为固定用法。
7．who/that 解析：考查关系代词。你将会受到激励来尽情享受生活并感激那些促使你成功的人。分析句子结构可知，空处在句中引导定语从句，先行词为people，表示人，且所填词在从句中作主语，因此本空填关系代词who/that。
8．is based 解析：考查动词的时态和语态。它是以Alice Walker的小说The Color Purple为基础的。此处表示客观情况，故用一般现在时，空后的“shows” “tells”也是提示；It(指代The Color Purple)与base之间为动宾关系，需用被动语态，故填 is based。
9．a 解析：考查冠词。这部影片讲述了一个年轻的非裔美国妇女的努力的故事。根据语境可知，此处泛指“一个年轻的非裔美国妇女”，且young的发音不是以元音音素开头的，故填不定冠词a。
10．true 解析：考查词性转换。此处表示这部电影是根据Oskar Schindler的真实故事展开的。由空前的“the”和空后的“story”可知，此处应用形容词作定语修饰story。
C
(2017·济南模拟)Last week I took the bus back to Jinan from Qingdao. I 1.____________(carry) a big piece of luggage with me and put it beside my leg on the bus.As usual，I closed my eyes and tried to take a rest.Suddenly，I felt someone 2.____________(move) my luggage. I opened my eyes and looked up.It was the driver
3.____________carried my luggage away，saying “you will be more comfortable if you put the luggage at the front row 4.____________no one takes the seat”．As a salesperson，I took these buses many times，and never have I 5.____________(meet) such a considerate driver who had cared so much about the passengers before.This simple act touched my soft heart and will always 6.____________(keep)in my memory.
I think we have to learn from him and serve our clients much 7.____________(well)．We have to be more considerate and offer more attentive service to our clients during 8. ____________(they) visit to us.Sometimes one little thing may make people happy or angry 9.____________make the clients decide 10.____________(do) the business with us or not.
[解题导语] 本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了作者在从青岛返回济南的公共汽车上受到司机细心的照顾并有所感慨的故事。
1．carried 解析：考查动词时态。从上文的Last week可知，本文讲述的是过去发生的事情。故此处需用carry的过去式carried。
2．moving 解析：考查非谓语动词。feel sb. doing sth.为固定用法，意为“ 感到某人在做某事”。
3．who/that 解析：考查强调句式。强调句式：It is/was＋被强调部分＋that...，如果被强调部分是作主语且表示人的名词时，that可替换成who，此处the driver是被强调的部分。
4．where 解析：考查定语从句的关系词。分析句子成分可知，the front row是表地点的先行词，空处引导定语从句，且从句中缺少地点状语，故需用关系副词where来引导定语从句。
5．met 解析：从空前的never可知，此处是部分倒装句式，句子的时态为现在完成时，助动词have已提前，故此处应用过去分词。
6．be kept 解析：考查被动语态。分析句子成分可知，and连接两个并列动作，主语是This simple act，该主语与keep之间存在被动关系，且由空前的will可知此处需填be kept。
7．better 解析：考查副词的比较级。结合语境可知，作者从这位司机的举动中得出了感悟，要为顾客提供更好的服务。much修饰形容词或副词的比较级形式，well的比较级是better。
8．their 解析：考查形容词性物主代词。空后是名词visit，由此可知此处需要用形容词性物主代词作定语，结合they可知需填their。
9．or/and 解析：考查并列连词。结合语境可知，此处表并列或选择关系。故填or或and。
10．to do 解析：考查非谓语动词。decide to do sth.为固定搭配，意为“决定做某事”。
专题强化训练4 语法填空(四)[学生用书P88(单独成册)]
A
(2017·山西八校第一次联考)The Great Wall was grand，a little rainy at first，but grand all the same. The mist covered the far ends of the wall，1.____________(give)
it an almost mysterious feeling.The fog rolled in and out of the high mountains，revealing new parts of the wall as 2.____________(quick) as it covered them.I kept on walking，seeing watchtower after watchtower 3.____________my way.To my 4.____________(relieve)，many people had decided today was not the best day 5.____________ (climb) the wall，and I was there with very few people. I walked for 6.____________seemed like miles.Then I saw just how long the wall I was standing on stretched for.
It was 7.____________ (end)！I walked and walked，but after every hill I climbed，there was another long stretch of wall. I eventually came to 8.____________long staircase.Later I found out that it 9.____________(call)“Chairman Mao’s Challenge”. I accepted，and after climbing the hundred plus stairs to the peak，I had to admit that the Great Wall truly lives up to its reputation.So if I 10.____________ (have) another chance to travel to China，I would never hesitate to visit the Great Wall again.
[解题导语] 本文是一篇记叙文。长城举世闻名，是中国文化的一张名片。本文讲述了作者登临长城的所见所感。
1．giving 解析：考查非谓语动词。水汽弥漫了长城的远端，赋予它一种近乎神秘的感觉。give与其逻辑语 The mist为主谓关系，故应用其现在分词形式在句中作结果状语。
2．quickly 解析：考查副词。云雾在高山上翻腾起伏，长城时隐时现。此处为as＋形容词/副词＋as...结构，在本句中应用副词修饰动词。
3．on/along 解析：考查介词。我继续行走，沿途看见一个接一个的烽火台。on/along one’s way“沿途”。
4．relief 解析：考查名词。“to one’s＋表示情感的名词”是固定的用法，意为“令某人……的是”。relieve的名词是relief，意为“轻松，解脱，宽慰”。
5．to climb 解析：考查非谓语动词。当名词前有the only，the best，the first，the last等修饰语时，其后常跟动词不定式作后置定语。
6．what 解析：考查宾语从句。我似乎步行了数英里。分析句子结构可知，空处在句中引导宾语从句，且在从句中作主语，故填what。
7．endless 解析：考查形容词。长城是无边无际的。根据句意及句子结构可知，此处应用形容词作表语，故填endless“无止境的，无限的”。
8．a 解析：考查冠词。我最终来到一个长长的楼梯前。staircase作“楼梯”讲时是可数名词，且其前无限定词修饰，故应用不定冠词a表示泛指。
9．was called 解析：考查时态和语态。it(指代a long staircase)与call 之间存在被动关系，故用被动语态。再结合本文的基本时态为一般过去时可知，此处也应用一般过去时。
10．had 解析：考查虚拟语气。因此如果我再有机会去中国旅行的话，我一定会毫不犹豫再去参观长城的。根据语境可知，此处表示对与将来事实相反的情况的假设，故应填had。
B
(2017·江西名校联盟5月检测)Traditional Chinese culture is beginning to capture the attention of the world.Kung fu，1.____________ (especial)，has had a great effect 2.____________the millions of people who first learned about China through it. From that，they may come to China and learn about some other 3.____________ (aspect) of this culture. Other Asian nations have long known about the 4.____________ (great) of ancient Chinese culture.Their own cultures are 5.____________mix of native ones and those Chinese characteristics. Korea and Japan long ago adopted Confucianism，something that continues today even as it 6.____________ (challenge) by pop culture. This strength comes from the ideas 7.____________(give) in the Four Books of Confucianism，which was built upon the ideas of an even 8.____________ (much) ancient period codified(编纂) in the Five Classics.From them，the West learns 9.____________is uniquely Chinese，for example，feng shui.So far China has taken steps 10.____________(further) this spread of its culture by establishing Chinese Cultural Centers in such places as the United States and Europe.
[解题导语] 本文是一篇说明文，介绍了中国文化对世界的影响。
1．especially 解析：考查副词。尤其是中国功夫，对于那些通过功夫初次了解中国的成百万的人来讲，有着非常大的影响。especially“尤其是”，用于强调突出的人或者事情。
2．on 解析：考查介词。have a(n)．..effect on sb.“对某人有……影响”为固定搭配，故填on。
3．aspects 解析：考查名词单复数。他们可能会来到中国，学习了解中国文化的一些其他方面。根据空前的“some other”及aspect作“方面，层面”讲时是可数名词可知，此处应用aspect的复数形式aspects。
4．greatness 解析：考查名词。其他亚洲国家很早以前就知道古代中国文化的博大。根据空前的“the”及空后的“of”可知，此处应填名词greatness。
5．a 解析：考查冠词。这些国家自身的文化是本土文化和中国特色(文化)的混合。mix在此作名词，意为“混合，结合”，是可数名词，且此处表示泛指，故用a。
6．is challenged 解析：考查动词的时态和语态。根据本文的基本时态为一般现在时可知，此处亦用一般现在时；it在此指代上文中的“Confucianism”，和challenge之间为被动关系，应用被动语态。故填is challenged。
7．given 解析：考查过去分词。这种力量来自“四书”中所提供的观念。the ideas与give之间为逻辑上的动宾关系，应用过去分词作后置定语。
8．more 解析：考查比较级。“四书”是依照“五经”的编纂中所体现的更为早期的思想而著成的。根据句意及空前的“even”可知，此处应用比较级形式，故填more。
9．what 解析：考查名词性从句。分析句子结构可知，空处在此引导宾语从句，作learns的宾语，空处在宾语从句中作主语，且此处表示“所……的事物”，故用what。
10．to further 解析：考查非谓语动词。目前，中国已经采取措施进一步推广中国文化。分析句子结构可知，空处在句中作目的状语，故应用不定式形式。further在此用作动词，意为“促进，增进”。
C
(2017·湖南部分重点中学考前演练)The MidAutumn Festival is a harvest festival 1.____________ (observe) on the 15th day of the 8th month of the Chinese lunar calendar. It celebrates three fundamental concepts which are closely tied 2.____________one another：gathering，such as family and friends 3.____________ (come)together，or harvesting crops for the festival；thanksgiving，to give thanks for the harvest，or for harmonious unions; praying 4.____________ (sincere) for beauty, longevity，babies，marriage 5.____________ (partner)，or for a good future.
Traditions and myths surrounding the festival 6.____________(form) around these three concepts，although traditions have changed over time due to 7.____________ (significance) changes in technology，science，economy，culture，and religion. It’s about wellbeing together.
The festival was a time 8.____________ people enjoyed the successful reaping(收获) of rice and wheat with food offerings made in honor of the moon. Today，people still mark 9.____________ occasion with similar activities. They have outdoor reunions among friends and relatives to eat mooncakes and watch the moon，a symbol of harmony and 10.____________ (unite)．
[解题导语] 本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了中秋节的相关内容。
1．observed 解析：考查非谓语动词。中秋节是一个收获的节日，于中国农历的八月十五庆祝。分析句子结构可知，observe与a harvest festival之间是逻辑上的动宾关系，故此处应用过去分词作后置定语。
2．to 解析：考查介词。be tied to“与……紧密相关”，是固定搭配，故填介词to。
3．coming 解析：考查非谓语动词。比如，家人和朋友来到一起。come与family and friends是逻辑上的主谓关系，故用现在分词。
4．sincerely 解析：考查词性转换。空处修饰非谓语动词praying，应用副词sincerely“真诚地”。
5．partners 解析：考查名词单复数。partner作“配偶，伴侣”讲时是可数名词，
且空前无限定词修饰，故应用其复数形式。
6．are formed 解析：考查时态、语态和主谓一致。与该节日相关的传统和神话故事是围绕着这三个概念形成的。本文的基本时态是一般现在时，此处亦用一般现在时；句子的主语为Traditions and myths，表示复数概念，谓语动词应用复数；form与主语Traditions and myths之间是动宾关系，应用被动语态。故填are formed。
7．significant 解析：考查词性转换。分析句子结构可知，空处在句中作定语，修饰changes，故应用形容词significant，表示“重大的”。
8．when 解析：考查定语从句。分析句子结构可知，空处引导定语从句，先行词是a time，且空处在从句中作时间状语，故填when。
9．the 解析：考查冠词。现在人们仍然举行类似的活动来庆祝这一节日。此处的occasion特指中秋节，故应用定冠词the。
10．unity 解析：考查词性转换。根据空前的“of harmony and”可知，此处应填一个名词，与harmony一起作介词of的宾语。故填unity。
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