第二讲 非谓语动词
考查非谓语动词的句法功能
了解句法功能
示之以范 ____________________________________________________原则这样运用
1．(2017·浙江卷6月)Sixteen years earlier, Pahlsson had removed the diamond ring ____________ (cook) a meal.
to cook 解析：此处应用动词不定式作目的状语，故填to cook。
2．(2017·北京卷)Jim has retired, but he still remembers the happy time ____________ (spend) with his students.
spent 解析：time和spend之间是被动关系，应用过去分词作定语。
3．(2017·天津卷)I was watching the clock all through the meeting, as I had a train ____________ (catch)．
to catch 解析：此处应用动词不定式作后置定语。
4．(2016·全国卷Ⅲ)People probably cooked their food in large pots, ____________ (use) twigs(树枝) to remove it.
using 解析：主语people与use之间为主动关系，故用现在分词作伴随状语。
5．(2016·浙江卷)A sudden stop can be a very ____________ (frighten) experience, especially if you are travelling at high speed.
frightening 解析：此处修饰名词experience，根据句意此处指“令人可怕的经历”，所以experience名词前面用动词的ing形式作定语。
6．(2016·北京卷)____________(order) over a week ago, the books are expected to arrive any time now.
Ordered 解析：句意：这些书一个多星期前就被下订单了，现在预计随时会到。order与逻辑主语the books之间为被动关系，且动作已经完成，故答案为Ordered。
通关点击 ____________________________________________________原则这样解读
1．非谓语动词作状语
(1)非谓语动词作目的状语，要想到用不定式；
(2016·北京卷)To make it easier to get in touch with us, you’d better keep this card at hand.
为了更容易与我们取得联系，你最好随身带着这张卡片。
(2)非谓语动词作伴随状语，要想到用现在分词；
The students rushed out of the classroom, laughing and talking.
学生们又说又笑地冲出教室。
(3)非谓语动词作结果状语，表示出乎意料的结果要想到用不定式，表示必然的结果要想到用现在分词；
He hurried to the station only to find that the train had left. 他匆匆赶到车站结果却发现火车已经离开了。(表出乎意料的结果)
(陕西卷)More highways have been built in China, making it much easier for people to travel from one place to another. 中国又建了更多高速公路，这使人们从一处到另一处的出行变得更容易了。(表结果)
(4)非谓语动词作原因状语，表示“喜怒哀乐”的形容词要想到用不定式；非谓语动词作时间状语、条件状语和原因状语等要想到用分词。
I am only too glad to see everything settled.
看到一切问题都解决了，我很高兴。
Being tired, he went to bed early.
因为很累，他很早就睡了。
Seeing the police, the thieves ran away.
看到警察，小偷就跑了。
源于系表结构的部分过去分词作状语，表示句子主语所处的一种状态，常见的有：seated(坐着的)，devoted(专注的), lost/absorbed in(沉溺于)，dressed in(穿着)等。
Absorbed in his book, he didn’t notice me enter the room. 他专注读书，没注意到我进入房间。
2．非谓语动词作定语
非谓语动词类别
用法
动词不定式
表示将要发生的动作
动名词
表示用途
分词
现在分词
表示动作主动进行或者正在进行中
过去分词
表示动作被动完成或者单纯表示已经完成
We are preparing for the midterm examination to be held next week.
我们正在为下周将要举行的期中考试做准备。
The lecture, starting(＝which was starting)at 7：00 p．m. last night, was followed by an observation of the moon with telescopes.
讲座于昨晚七点开始，随后是用望远镜观察月球。
Tsinghua University, founded in 1911, is home to a great number of outstanding figures.
清华大学建立于1911年，是许多杰出人物的摇篮。
3．非谓语动词作补足语
(1)常接不定式作宾补的动词或动词短语有：advise, allow, ask, beg, cause, encourage, expect, forbid, force, invite, order, persuade, prefer, require, teach, remind, tell, want, warn, wish, call on(号召；要求), depend on等；
(山东卷)If we expect people to give up the habit of driving, we must give them an alternative they can rely on.
如果我们期望人们放弃开车的习惯，我们必须给他们可以依赖的选择。
The doctor warned him not to eat too much meat.
医生警告他不要吃太多的肉。
(2)使役动词have, let, make等后面可接不带to的动词不定式作宾语补足语；
I like the film because it can make me laugh.
我喜欢这部电影，因为它能让我笑。
(3)感官动词(短语)see, watch, observe, notice, look at, hear, listen to, feel等，后面可接省去to的不定式和动词ing形式作其宾语补足语，动词不定式表示动作的全过程，动词ing形式表示动作正在进行；
(湖南卷)Listen! Do you hear someone calling for help?
听！你听到有人正在呼喊救命吗？
(4)have, keep, leave, find, catch, send等动词后可接动词ing形式作宾语补足语；
She kept me waiting for over 20 minutes.
她让我等了二十多分钟。
(5)过去分词作宾语补足语
want, like, wish, order, have, make, get, keep, leave, see, hear, find, feel, notice, observe, watch等动词后还可接过去分词作宾语补足语。
(福建卷)Jenny hopes that Mr. Smith will suggest a good way to have her written English improved in a short period.
珍妮希望史密斯先生会建议一个好的方法以使她的英语写作在短期内得到提升。
知晓固定结构
示之以范 ____________________________________________________原则这样运用
1．(2017·全国卷Ⅲ)But Sarah, who has taken part in shows along with top models, wants ____________ (prove) that she has brains as well as beauty.
to prove 解析：want to do sth.“想要做某事”，是固定用法。
2．(2016·全国卷Ⅰ)My ambassadorial duties will include ____________ (introduce) British visitors to the 120plus pandas at Chengdu and others at a research centre in the misty mountains of Bifengxia.
introducing 解析：include为及物动词，后面应用动名词形式作宾语。
3．(2016·全国卷Ⅱ)If you find something you love doing outside of the office, you’ ll be less likely____________(bring) your work home.
to bring 解析：be likely to do sth.“可能做某事”。
4．(2015·全国卷Ⅱ)When a new day breaks, the walls have given up their heat and are now cold enough ____________(cool)the house during the hot day; at the same time, they warm up again for the night.
to cool 解析：be＋adj.＋enough to do sth.“足够……来做某事”。
5．(2017·陕西西安二模)____________(judge) from his accent, he is from the south of China.
Judging 解析：句意：从他的口音判断，他来自中国南方。judging from意为“从……判断”，为独立成分，作状语时不用考虑它和句子主语之间的关系。
6．(2016·全国卷Ⅲ)I showed them I was independent by wear strange clothes.____________________
wear→wearing 解析：by是介词，后接动名词短语作宾语。
通关点击 ____________________________________________________原则这样解读
1．若非谓语动词作下列动词或动词短语的宾语，则只能用动名词：
suggest, risk, imagine, mind, admit, enjoy, include, practice, allow, avoid, advise, finish, miss, insist on, look forward to, feel like, get down to, object to, devote one’s time to等。
I avoided mentioning the subject in case he should be offended. 我回避提及这个话题，以免冒犯他。
2．若非谓语动词作下列动词或动词短语的宾语，则只能用不定式：
decide, refuse, promise, pretend, hesitate, manage, plan, fail, choose, would like等。
(2017·湖南益阳箴言中学模拟)Nervous and anxious, Jill failed to make a good impression at the job interview.
又紧张又焦虑，吉尔没有在面试中给人留下好印象。
(1)有些动词或动词短语既可接不定式作宾语，也可接动名词作宾语，但表示的含义不同。
mean
forget
regret
try
go on
remember
can’t help
(2)若动名词或不定式作宾语，且有宾语补足语，则常用it作形式宾语。
I regret to tell you that I can’t accept your invitation.
我很遗憾地告诉你我不能接受你的邀请。
I still remember being taken to the Great Wall and what I saw there.
我仍记得别人带我去过长城，并记得在那里我所看到的一切。
I feel it impossible for the work to be finished today.
我认为今天不可能完成这项工作。
3．with复合结构中补足语的比较：
with
With so many people looking at him, he felt very nervous.
那么多人看着他，他感到很紧张。
With the problem solved, the quality has been improved.
问题解决了，质量也提高了。
4．有些非谓语动词形式的固定结构：
considering that 鉴于，考虑到
judging by/from 从……来看
supposing/providing/provided/assuming that...
假定，假设
compared with/to 与……相比
Michael’s new house is like a huge palace, compared with his old one.
与迈克的旧房子比起来，他的新房子像个大宫殿。
看清逻辑主语
示之以范 ____________________________________________________原则这样运用
1．(2016·浙江卷)To return to the problem of water pollution, I’d like you to look at a study ____________ (conduct) in Australia in 2012.
conducted 解析：这里用过去分词表示被动和完成，充当定语修饰前面的名词a study。
2．(2015·陕西卷)Back from his twoyear medical service in Africa, Dr. Lee was very happy to see his mother ____________(take) good care of at home.
taken 解析：mother与take good care of之间为被动关系，所以用过去分词，构成see sb. done“看到某人被……”。表客观事实而非正在进行的动作，故不可用being taken形式。
3．(四川卷)The airport____________(complete) next year will help promote tourism in this area.
to be completed 解析：句意：将于明年建成的机场会有助于促进这个地区的旅游业发展。由时间状语next year可知，complete发生在将来，所以用不定式作定语。此外，complete与其逻辑主语airport之间为动宾关系，故应用不定式的被动形式。
4．(2017·四川成都七中诊断)To his surprise, Jack found his son ____________(dress) as Santa Claus on Christmas Eve.
dressed 解析：句意：使杰克惊讶的是，他发现儿子在圣诞节前夜被装扮成了圣诞老人。此处为“find＋宾语＋宾语补足语”结构，用过去分词作宾语补足语。dress意为“给(某人)穿衣”，常用于dress sb.或sb.be/get dressed结构。
5．Film has a much shorter history, especially when ____________(compare) to such art forms as music and painting.
compared 解析：句意：电影的历史要短得多，尤其是当它和像音乐与绘画这样的艺术形式相比时。所给动词compare与其逻辑主语film之间是逻辑上的动宾关系，故用过去分词，相当于when film is compared to such art forms as music and painting。
通关点击 ____________________________________________________原则这样解读
1．若非谓语动词作状语，则其逻辑主语是句子的主语。若句子的主语是分词动作的发出者，即主谓关系，则用现在分词形式；若句子的主语是分词动作的承受者，即动宾关系，则用过去分词。
(2015·北京卷)The park was full of people, enjoying themselves in the sunshine.
公园里有许多人，享受着日光浴。
Seen from space, the earth looks like a huge watercovered globe. 从太空看，地球像一个巨大的被水覆盖的球体。
2．若非谓语动词作宾语补足语，则其逻辑主语是句子的宾语。若宾语是分词动作的发出者，即主谓关系，且强调进行，则用现在分词形式；若宾语是分词动作的承受者，即动宾关系，
则用过去分词。
I saw him climbing the fence just now.
我刚才看见他在爬这个栅栏。
A villager saw the little girl taken away by a middleaged lady.
一位村民看见这个小女孩被一位中年妇女带走了。
3．若非谓语动词作定语，与其逻辑主语为主动关系时用现在分词，为被动关系时用过去分词。
“Things lost never come again！”I couldn’t help talking to myself.
我不禁自言自语：“覆水难收啊！”
(北京卷)Last night, there were millions of people watching the opening ceremony live on TV.
昨晩，有上百万的人观看开幕式的电视直播。
考查非谓语动词的时态和语态
记牢时态语态
示之以范 ____________________________________________________原则这样运用
1．(2017·浙江卷6月)Pahlsson and her husband now think the ring probably got ____________(sweep) into a pile of kitchen rubbish and was spread over the garden, where it remained until the carrot’s leafy top accidentally sprouted(生长) through it.
swept 解析：此处the ring与sweep之间为被动关系，故用过去分词，构成get done结构。
2．(重庆卷)____________ (ask) to work overtime that evening，I missed a wonderful film.
Having been asked 解析：句意：那天晚上我被要求加班，错过了一场精彩的电影。所给动词ask与其逻辑主语I之间是逻辑上的动宾关系，且ask表示的动作发生在谓语动词missed的动作之前，故用现在分词的完成被动式在句中作原因状语。
3．(2015·天津卷)____________(work) for two days, Steve managed to finish his report on schedule.
Having worked 解析：由for two days可知分词动作发生在谓语动词之前，且与句子主语为主动关系，所以用having done形式。
4．(2017·湖北武昌区高三调考)If there is no aim in our lives, we will get lose.____________________
lose→lost 解析：get这里起一个系动词的作用，相当于become，后接过去分词，表状态，get lost意为“失踪的，迷路的”。
通关点击 ____________________________________________________原则这样解读
非谓语动词形式
意义
过去分词
表示被动完成
不定式的被动式
表示被动但尚未发生
现在分词的被动式
表示被动进行
动名词的被动式
表示被动
非谓语动词的完成式
非谓语动作发生在谓语动作之前
(四川卷)Offered an important role in a new movie, Andy has got a chance to become famous.
由于在这部新电影中担任了重要角色，所以安迪有了出名的机会。(表原因)
We are invited to a party to be held in our club next Friday.
我们被邀请参加下星期五在我们俱乐部举办的晚会。
Having been told many times, he still couldn’t understand it.
被告知了多次，他仍旧不明白。
,[学生用书P18] )
单句语法填空
1．(2017·湖北武昌区高三调考)The Yangtze River，________(know) in China as the Chang Jiang is the longest river in Asia and the longest in the world to flow entirely within one country.
known 解析：主语the Yangtze River和know之间是被动关系，故用过去分词作后置定语，表被动。
2．(2017·浙江宁波九校联考)I like staying up late ____________ (watch) TV, surfing the Internet or doing something I’m fond of.
watching 解析：逻辑主语I与watch之间为主动关系，表示伴随状态，故填现在分词watching。
3．(2017·玉溪一中第二次月考)You lose weight for a while, only ____________ (gain) back more weight when you stop your weight loss program.
to gain 解析：“only＋不定式”表示意想不到的结果。
4．(2017·太原一模)The unhappy mouse died soon in the water, and his dead body floated around on the surface, ____________ (fasten) to the foot of the frog.
fastened 解析：考查非谓语动词。fasten和句子谓语floated之间没有连词，故用非谓语动词，且和其主语his dead body构成逻辑上的动宾关系，故用过去分词。
5．(2017·湖北八校第一次联考)No one can ignore the rich culture ____________ (date) back to ancient times changing into the modern age at a speed and scale that
has never been witnessed.
dating 解析：考查非谓语动词。date和句子谓语动词ignore之间没有连词，故用非谓语动词形式，且词组date back to没有被动形式，故用现在分词短语作后置定语。
6．(2017·洛阳第一次统考)The 15yearold from Oakland has fascinated audiences in the U．S. and China with his ability ____________ (sing) pitchperfect Mandarin (普通话) and perform the ancient Chinese art form.
to sing 解析：考查非谓语动词。ability to do sth.意为“做某事的能力”，为固定词组搭配，故用不定式作后置定语。
7．(2017·湖南六校联盟高三联考)Of course, ____________ (enjoy) a nice meal with friends, whatever we eat, can also impact our spirits. Being with friends and family plays a big part in experiencing happiness.
enjoying 解析：考查非谓语动词。分析该句结构可知，此处为动名词短语在句中作主语。
8．(2017·天津卷)The hospital has recently obtained new medical equipment, ____________ (allow) more patients to be treated.
allowing 解析：逗号前面为完整的句子，此处应用非谓语动词形式；The hospital与allow之间为主动关系，故用现在分词作状语。
9．(2017·广东七校联合体第二次联考)We went to a fast food restaurant for dinner together. My husband went to the counter ____________ (order) dishes and I stood with my parents.
to order 解析：考查动词不定式。句意：我的丈夫去柜台订餐，我和我的父母在一起站着。空处表示去柜台的目的，故用动词不定式。
10．(2017·合肥第一次检测)Emperor Qin Shihuang simplified Chinese characters and regular rules were set, ____________ (make) it easier for people to learn and master.
making 解析：考查非谓语动词。动词make与其逻辑主语是主谓关系且与上文之间无连词，故用现在分词making在此处作状语。
11．(2017·重庆西北狼教育联盟第一次联考)I felt like an idiot. I should not have left without charging my cell phone. The battery was dead and I was alone without any way ____________ (contact) my family.
to contact 解析：考查不定式。设空句意：我手机电池没有电了，我独自一人，没有办法和家人联系。根据any way和句意可知，应用动词不定式作any way的后置定语。
12．(2017·贵州适应性考试)When you meet people from different cultures，it is important ____________ (understand) what you can and cannot do.
to understand 解析：考查动词不定式。分析该句结构可知，该句使用了it is/was＋adj.＋to do sth.的句型，其中it作形式主语，动词不定式作真正的主语。
单句改错
1．(2017·广东七校第二次联考)I like travelling and my dream of visit Beijing, the capital city of our country, came true during the National Day holidays this year.____________________
visit→visiting 解析：考查动名词。of为介词，后接动名词作宾语。
2．(2017·西安六校联考)Before heard his answer, she started to read him almost every single greeting card out loud until the elderly man smiled.____________________
heard→hearing 解析：考查动名词。before为介词，后接名词、代词或动名词，故用hear的动名词形式hearing。
3．(2017·重庆南开中学月考)The Chinese restaurant naming New Panda Buffet provides genuine Chinese food, which many diners have given 5star reviews.____________________
naming→named 解析：restaurant与name之间为被动关系，因此应用过去分词作后置定语。故将naming改为named。
4．(2017·湖北武汉高三调考)Last Sunday was my birthday, so I invited some guys go out with me for a celebration.____________________
go前加to 解析：动词invite后应用不定式作其补足语，即invite sb. to do sth.。
5．(2017·重庆西北狼教育联盟第一次联考)So I would like to advise you not to hurt yourself to trying to make money.____________________
trying→try 解析：考查动词不定式。此处是动词不定式表目的，故to 后应用动词原形try。
6．(2017·吉林吉大附中月考)Thought that his solution might be wrong, I carefully analyzed the problem and tried to work it out in a different way.____________________
Thought→Thinking 解析：分析句子结构可知，Thought that his solution might be wrong在句中作状语，think与其逻辑主语I之间为主动关系，因此应用现在分词形式。故将Thought改为Thinking。
7．(2017·南昌十校二模)68% of the students surveying have studying anxiety as well as poor eyesight.____________________
surveying→surveyed 解析：非谓语动词错误。本句中的谓语动词是have，故students后应是分词作后置定语， survey与所修饰的students构成被动关系，所以用过去分词。
8．(2017·河南八市重点高中质检)There is a grown tendency nowadays for some people to treat animals as living meat and walking fur.____________________
grown→growing 解析：根据is可知，此处表示“正在增长的趋势”，而不是已经增长的趋势，所以用现在分词growing作定语。故将grown改为growing。
短文改错
(2017·湖南衡阳第二次联考)Good morning, everyone! What I’d like to share it with you today is my source of strength. My grandmother died of the incurable illness last year, and I still miss her terribly. I will never see her again, never share a laugh with her and buy her a new scarf. The older I get, the more I realize that love, unconditional love, is rarely. When you lose a grandparent, you lose one of the few persons who love you. So much has happened from my grandmother’s death. Time keeps rushed forward.Sometimes I wish I can make it stop. In the chaos of these changing times, my grandmother gave me numerous sweet memory that I can hold on to. I may not always know I’m going, but I will always know where I came from. To me, that was a source of great strength.
答案：
Good morning, everyone! What I’d like to share with you today is my source of strength. My grandmother died of incurable illness last year, and I still miss her terribly. I will never see her again, never share a laugh with her buy her a new scarf. The older I get, the more I realize that love, unconditional love, is . When you lose a grandparent, you lose one of the few persons who love you. So much has happened my grandmother’s death. Time keeps forward.Sometimes I wish I make it stop. In the chaos of these changing times, my grandmother gave me numerous sweet that I can hold on to. I may not always know I’m going, but I will always know where I came from. To me, that a source of great strength.
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