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万州二中高2018级高二下期开学考试
英语试题
第Ⅰ卷
第一部分 听力（共20小题：每小题1.5分，满分30分）
第一节 听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。
1. When will the woman go to San Francisco?
A. In June. B. In July. C. In August.
2. How many students come to school on foot?
A. 10. B. 20. C. 25.
3. How much will the man pay?
A. $5. B. $8. C. $10.
4. Where are the speakers?
A. At home. B. At a restaurant. C. In a movie theater.
5. What does the man’s mother want him to do?
A. Visit her.
B. Give her a lift.
C. Drop off some mail for her.
第二节
听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟；听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。
听第6段材料，回答第6、7题。
6. What does the man want the girl to do?
A. Go to bed. B. Take a shower. C. Smell herself.
7. Why can the girl smell the man?
A. He needs a bath. B. He wears perfume. C. His clothes are dirty.
听第7段材料，回答第8、9题。
8. What does the woman usually do in the morning?
A. Watch TV. B. Read online news. C. Read the newspaper.
9. How does the woman watch movies most often?
A. She rents them. B. She goes to a theater. C. She downloads them.
听第8段材料，回答第10至12题。
10. Who does the woman want to speak to?
A. Mr. Grist. B. Ms. Grist. C. Ms. Jones.
11. What will the woman do in the afternoon?
A. Go swimming. B. Attend a meeting. C. Shop for some clothes.
12. When will the speakers meet?
A. At 1:00 this afternoon. B. At 3:00 this afternoon. C. At 3:00 on Thursday.
听第9段材料，回答第13至16题。
13. What’s the main reason the man won’t fix the printer?
A. He has no time.
B. He doesn’t know how to fix it.
C. He’d prefer to buy a new one.
14. Why did the woman have to use the printer at the library?
A. It was cheaper.
B. She works there.
C. The man made their printer worse.
15. Who is Jerry?
A. A printer salesman.
B. The woman’s brother.
C. Someone who fixes printers.
16. What do the speakers decide to do in the end?
A. Ask Jerry to fix their printer.
B. Read the instructions again.
C. Let Tom have a look at the printer.
听第10段材料，回答第17至20题。
17. How did Heather learn about surfing?
A. From her father. B. From a website. C. From her friend Diego.
18. When did Heather buy her first board?
A. After her first day. B. After six months. C. A year later.
19. At what time of day did Heather see the shark?
A. In the morning. B. In the afternoon. C. At night.
20. How did Heather feel at the end of the story?
A. Scared. B. Free. C. Grateful.
第二部分 阅读理解（共两节 满分40分）
第一节（共15小题；每小题2分，满分30分）
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项A、B、C和D中，选出最佳选项，并在答读卡上将 该项涂黑。
A
Can you believe everything that you read? It seems as if every day, some new articles come out about a new discovery about this or that. For example, water is bad for you, or good for you. The answer depends on which scientific study has just come out. People cannot decide which food items are healthy, how pyramids were constructed, and why dinosaurs disappeared. When we look for answers we sometimes can believe persuasive researches and scientists. But how trustworthy are
they really? Here are two examples of scientific hoaxes (骗局).
As far back as 1726, Johann Beringer was fooled by his fellow scientists into thinking he had made an amazing discovery. The fossils of spiders, lizards, and even birds with the name of God written on them in Hebrew were unlike anything that had been found before. He wrote several papers on them and was famous for those only to have it revealed that they were planted by jealous colleagues to ruin his reputation.
When an early human being was discovered in 1912, scientists at this time were wild with excitement over the meaning it had for the theory of evolution. There were hundreds of papers about this Piltdown man over the next fifty years until it was finally discovered to be a complex hoax. The skull (头骨) of a man had been mixed with the jawbone of an orangutan (猩猩) to make the ape (猿) man.
The next time you read the exciting new findings of a study of the best scientist, do not automatically assume that it is true. Even qualified people can get it wrong. Though we certainly should not ignore scientific research, we do need to take it with a grain of salt. Just because it is accepted as the truth today does not mean it will still be trustworthy tomorrow.
21．What does the underlined phrase “with a grain of salt” in Paragraph 4 mean?
A. Happily. B. Doubtfully C. Generally. D. Completely.
22．What is the reason why Johann Beringer was fooled?
A. His colleagues were jealous of him and did so to destroy his fame.
B. His fellow scientists wanted to make fun of him.
C. His workmates are eager to become famous too.
D. These scientists made a mistake because of carelessness.
23．The excited scientists thought that this Piltdown man ________.
A. was in fact a complex hoax
B. was a great scientific invention
C. had the skull like that of an ape
D. contributed to the theory of evolution
B
As more and more people speak the global language of English, Chinese, Spanish, and Arabic, other languages are rapidly disappearing. In fact, half of the 6,000-7,000 languages spoken around the world today will be likely to die out by the next century, according the United Nations Educational, Scientific, and Cultural Organization (UNESCO).
In an effort to prevent language loss, scholars from a number of organizations----UNESCO and National Geographic among them----have for many years been documenting dying languages and the cultures they reflect.
Mark Turin, a scientist at the Macmillan Center, Yale University, who specializes in the languages and oral traditions of the Himalayas, is following in that tradition. His recently published book, A Grammar of Thangmi and Their Culture, grows out of his experience living, working, and raising a family in a village in Nepal.
Documenting the Thangmi language and culture is just a starting point for Turin, who seeks to include other languages and oral traditions across the Himalayan reaches of India, Nepal, Bhutan, and China. But he is not content to simply record these voices before they disappear without record.
At the University of Cambridge Turin discovered a wealth of important materials----including photographs, films, tape recordings, and field notes----which had remained unstudied and were badly in need of care and protection.
Now, through the two organizations that he has founded----the Digital Himalaya Project and the World Oral Literature Project----Turin has started a campaign to make such documents, found in libraries and stores around the world, available not just to schools but to the younger generations of communities from whom the materials were originally collected. Thanks to digital technology and the widely available Internet, Turin notes, the endangered languages can be saved and reconnected with speech communities.
24. Which of the following best describes Turin’s work?
A. Write, sell and donate.
B. Record, repair and reward.
C. Collect, protect and reconnect.
A. Design, experiment and report.
25. What does “that tradition” in Paragraph 3 refer to .
A. having detailed records of the languages
B. writing books on language users
C. telling stories about language speakers
D. living with the native speakers
26. What is Turin’s book based on?
A. The cultural studies in India.
B. The documents available at Yale.
C. His language research in Bhutan.
D. His personal experience in Nepal.
27. Many scholars are making efforts to .
A. promote global languages
B. rescue disappearing languages
C. search for languages communities
D. set up language research organizations
C
Despite the anxiety that Jones’ Host—said by some to be the first digital novel—caused in 1993, publishers weren’t too concerned that e-books would one day replace printed books. However, that attitude was changed suddenly in 2007 when Amazon’s Kindle came onto the market, which led to e-book sales jumping up to 1,260%. Since then, e-books’ popularity has continued to rise steadily. The publishing industry seemed to have lost all possible ability to regain its position. Will printed books eventually become a thing of the past?
According to Mike Shatzkin, founder and CEO of the Idea Logical Company, printed books just for plain old reading will, in 10 years from now, be unusual. “Not so unusual that a kid will say, ‘Mommy, what’s that?’ but unusual enough that on the train you’ll see one or two people reading something printed, while everyone else is reading off of a tablet.” And Shatzkin believes that the de mise of print is sure to happen, though such a day won’t arrive for perhaps 50 to 100 or more years.
Robert Stein, founder of the Institute for the Future of the Book, however, believes that books won’t disappear entirely, at least not anytime soon. “Print will
exist, but it will be in a different field and will appeal to a very limited audience, as poetry does today. Like woodblock printing, hand-processed film and folk weaving (编织), printed pages may assume an artistic
value,” he says. He imagines that future forms of books might be developed not by traditional publishers but by the gaming industry. He also predicts that the distinction between writer and reader will be made less obvious by a social reading experience in which authors and consumers can digitally interact with each other to discuss any passage, sentence or line.
Is there anything we risk sacrificing, should print really disappear entirely? According to Maryanne Wolf, director of the Center for Reading and Language Research at Tufts University, electronic reading can negatively affect the way the brain responds to text, including reading comprehension, focus and the ability to maintain attention to details like plot and order of events. “My worry is that we’ll have a short-circuited reading brain, excellent for gathering information but not necessarily for forming critical, analytical deep reading skills,” Wolf says.
The field, however, is in an early stage, and findings about the negative effects of e-reading are far from certain. In light of this, Wolf hopes that we continue to maintain a “bi-literate” society—one that values both the digital and printed word. “A full reading brain circuit is a huge contribution to the intellectual development of our species. Anything that threatens it deserves our attention.”
24. According to Robert Stein, paper books will exist because of .
A. the digital interaction B. the artistic value
C. the traditional design D. the growing popularity
25. The underlined word “demise” in Paragraph 2 probably means .
A. rise B. growth C. death D. popularity
26. It can be concluded from the last two paragraphs that Wolf holds that .
A. e-reading will strengthen the power of our brain
B. digital books and paper books should not co-exist
C. e-reading will make us more critical and thoughtful
D. we should not risk losing a full reading brain circuit
27. How did publishers feel about the rising e-book sales inspired by the Kindle?
A. Excited B. .Worried. C. Curious. D. Skeptical.
D
Scientists are debating how to limit their newly-discovered power to change
genetic structure. Scientists already modify the genes of farm animals and agricultural plants to make them more productive or stronger. But now they can also change genes in wild animals and plants. These genes would continue into later generations. For example, it may be possible for scientists to remove from existence the kind of mosquitoes that carry the Zika virus. They might also be able to permanently remove species of plants and animals that are destructive to other species.
In a report published last week, the U. S. National Academies of Sciences, Engineering and Medicine (NAS) said it supports continued research on this kind of gene control. But it warned that it is not possible to know what will happen when these changed plants and animals are released into the wild.
Sixteen biologists, ethicists(伦理学家) and policymakers are on an NAS committee that is examining the issue. They say that there is value to the new technology. But, they say, there is not enough evidence to support the release of modified organisms (生物体) from the laboratory into nature.
Many people would support stopping mosquitoes and rats from carrying diseases. But scientists say we must understand the possible scientific, ethical, legal and social results of such action before we decide whether to take it. Gene modification is spread through reproduction(繁殖).
Changed genes will continue to spread as long as an animal or plant continues to reproduce. They cannot be limited to a farm or kept within a country’s borders. Scientists are wondering what may happen if a modified organism mates with another species. They are not yet sure how the modified genes would affect the other species. It is possible that those genes could harm those creatures or even lead to their disappearance from our planet.
32． What possible advantage does gene control in wild animals and plants have?
A. Making all the species more productive and stronger.
B. Changing the Zika virus permanently.
C. Removing the destructive species for ever.
D. Having changed genes in their next generations.
33．Which of the following is NOT true according to the passage?
A. Scientists are not sure what exact results gene modification leads to.
B. Scientists won’t modify any genes before they make the final decision.
C. Gene modification has benefited some farm animals and agricultural plants.
D. Scientists have not applied gene modification to wild animals and plants in
case of possible danger.
34．What can be the best title for the passage?
A. Stop research on gene control
B. Power and danger of gene control
C. How to change genetic structure
D. Advantages of gene control in wild animals and plants
35.As for genetically changed wild animals and plants ,what are scientists worried about?
A. Their genes may spread to later generations.
B. They may be more productive.
C. They may cause damage to their living habitat.
D. They may become weaker or die out.
第二节（共5小题；每小题2分，满分10 分）
根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选
项。
The Science of Risk-Seeking
Sometimes we decide that a little unnecessary danger is worth it because when we weigh the risk and the reward, the risk seems worth taking. 36 Some of us enjoy activities that would surprise and scare the rest of us. Why? Experts say it may have to do with how our brains work.
The reason why any of us take any risks at all might have to do with early humans. Risk-takers were better at hunting, fighting, or exploring. 37 As the quality of risk-taking was passed from one generation to the next, humans ended up with a sense of adventure and a tolerance for risk.
So why aren’t we all jumping out of airplanes then? Well, even 200,000 years ago, too much risk-taking could get one killed. A few daring survived, though, along with a few stay-in-the-cave types. As a result, humans developed a range of character types that still exit today. So maybe you love car racing or maybe you hate it. 38
No matter where you are on the risk-seeking range, scientist say that your
willingness to take risks increases during your teenage years. 39 To help you do that, your brain increases your hunger for new experiences. New experiences often mean taking some risks, so your brain raises your tolerance for risk as well.
40 For the risk-seekers a part of the brain related to pleasure becomes active, while for the rest of us, a part of the brain related to fear becomes active.
As experts continue to study the science of risk-seeking, we’ll continue to hit the mountains, the waves or the shallow end of the pool.
A.Those are the risks you should jump to take.
B.It all depends on your character.
C.However, we are not all using the same reference standard to weight risks and rewards.
D.New brain research suggests our brains work differently when we face a nervous situation.
E.Being better at those things means a greater chance of survival.
F Thus, these well-equipped people survived because they were the fittest.
G. This is when you start to move out of your family and into the bigger world.
第三部分 英语知识运用（共三节，满分 45 分）
第一节 完形填空（共20小题；每小题1.5分；满分30分）
阅读下面短文，从 A、B、C、D 四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题 卡上相应番号处将该项涂黑。
Running for a Dream
I will never forget that November day. It was hotter than normal. This was the 41 my father and I had waited so long for, because we had been working towards this race for three years. Dozens of familiar faces from church and school flashed across my view. They had come 42 me. I saw worry and 43 on my father’s face. Then the race began!
For the first two and a half miles, I felt 44 . I had never before been so ready for something. The weeks leading up to the race were filled with controlled 45 and a strict diet. My friends hadn’t seen me in weeks, but they understood the 46 required to make my dream a reality. As in all of my races, I didn’t
47 out in the front. I loved the pleasure of passing people as my strength overtook their premature speed.
Then without warning, my strength began to decrease. Neck and neck with one of my greatest competitors, I 48 see the finish line. I had begun the final dash into 49 when my knees became weak and my legs gave way. Nothing I could do would make them 50 my weight.
I watched as runners rushed by me. 51 I knew my dreams of victory were destroyed, I had to finish the race. However, my legs hurt badly. With all of the 52 left in me, I got on my hands and knees and crawled(爬), inch by inch, across the finish line. Voices, both 53 and familiar, cheered me on. They gave me the courage to keep 54 until the very end.
The doctors were there in seconds, but my eyes searched the crowd for him. There was only one person I wanted to 55 to. I whispered, “I’m so sorry, Dad. I’m so sorry I 56 you.” He looked at me, saying, “You could never disappoint me. Sometimes these things just 57 . All that matters is that you did your best.”
“But we worked so 58 . What about our dream?” He reached over for my hand and said, “Don’t you know that you are my dream and it has come true?”
It wasn’t long before my running shoes were back on, marking a 59 path for my journey. I learned that all of the miles, the tears, the sweat, and the pain my dad and I experienced together were not for a 60 . What I realized, though, was that to him, I was the greatest prize he had ever won.
41. A. dream B. weather C. day D. result
42. A. across B. to C. for D. over
43. A. excitement B. astonishment C.coldness D. amusement
44. A. proud B. great C. nervous D. afraid
45. A. Practices B. programs B. studies C. instructions
46. A. potential B. sacrifice C. attention D. patience
47. A. look B. move C. start D. come
48. A. must B. need C. should D. could
49. A. glory B. pleasure C. spirit D. relief
50. A. give B. hold C. feel D. add
51. A.Although B. If C. Because D. Where
52. A. confidence B. strength C. emotion D. trust
53. A. foreign B.rough C. loud D. firm
41. A.running B. fighting C. going D. training
42. A. refer B. talk C. listen D. agree
43. A. frightened B. disturbed C. bored D. disappointed
44. A. develop B. change C. follow D. happen
45. A. late B. quickly C. hard D. closely
46. A.near B.new C. rough D. narrow
47. A. wish B. duty C.race D. speed
第 II 卷
语法填空（共10小题，每小题1.5分；满分15分）
阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容（1个单词）或括号内单词的正确形式。
You are twenty-one years old and live a happy and peaceful life. 61 one day, your doctor tells you that you have a serious disease and will die soon. What would you do? 62 (probable) most of us might feel very sad and give up our dreams and hopes for the future. Here is 63 the great scientist, Stephen Hawking, did.
Hawking wasn’t 64 (discourage) because of his physical condition. 65 , he went on with his study of the universe. In 2002, Hawking was invited to China. He told Chinese students about his theories and thoughts 66 some of the greatest questions: what is time, how the universe began, and what are black holes. He impressed the audience with his humor, confidence and of course his 67 (wise).
Hawking became famous in the early 1970s. In 1988, he wrote A Brief History of Time, in 68 he explained difficult theories in a simple way. The book 69 (sell) well since it came out.
Stephen Hawking is a man with a strong will and he is regarded as the 70 (great) mind in physics since Albert Einstein.
第四部分 写作（共两节，满分 35 分）
第一节 短文改错（共10小题；每小题1分，满分10分）
假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文，请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。文中共有
10 处语言错误，每句中最多有两处，每处错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。
增加：把缺词处加个漏字符号（∧），并在其下面写出该加的词。
删除：把多余的词用斜线（\）划掉。
修改：在错的词下划一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词。
注意：1. 每处错误及其修改均仅限一词；
2. 只允许修改 10 处，多者（从第 11 处起）不计分。
Growing up in a small town, J.K.Rowling seems to have led a rather unremarkablely life. Many of his former teachers said there was nothing which they could really remember about that girl. After graduated from the University of Exeter as French major in 1987, she went to Portugal and lived there for years. She had been worked at various teaching positions after she finally became a full-time writer. Rowling became well known for writing chapter of the first Harry Potter book in a café with her baby slept in a carriage beside her. Rowling's books have been
translated from more than 55 languages and are available in more than 200 countries.
第二节 书面表达（满分25分）
假如你是李华，你的朋友王雨在写给你的来信中谈到她由于性格内向，在社交场合不知如何与人寒暄交谈所以深感苦恼。请你用英语写一封 100
词左右的回信。信中需包含以下内 容：
1. 表示对朋友的安慰；
2. 告知对方你也曾经有过类似问题并克服了；
3. 就如何解决此问题提出两点建议。
注意：回信的开头和结尾已为你写好，不计入总字数。参考词汇：introverted (adj. 内向的)
第一部分：听力 1—5 BAABA 6—10 BBCCA
11—15 BCBCC 16—20 AABBC
第二部分：阅读理解： B A D CADB BCDB CBBD CEBGD
第三部分：完形填空：CCABA BCDAB ABACB DDCBC
第四部分：语法填空：1．But 2．Probably 3．What 4．Discouraged 5．Instead 6．On 7．Wisdom 8．Which 9．has been selling 10．Greatest
第五部分：短文改错：第一处：unremarkably改成unremarkable。
第二处：his改成her。
第三处：which改成that。
第四处：graduated改成graduating或After后面加she。
第五处：as后面加a。
第六处：去掉been。
第七处：after改成before。
第八处：chapter改成chapters。
第九处：slept改成sleeping。
第十处：translate from改成into。
第六部分：作文
Dear Wang Yu,
It's always a pleasure to hear from you.
You mentioned that you have been troubled by your introverted personality and that you have no clue how to start a conversation with people during social occasions. Well, just relax because I can guarantee you that you are not the only
person who is faced with this problem, I've been there too! I was too shy to talk with people before but I tried my best to overcome my shyness and finally
I helped myself out. So here I want to offer you some suggestions:
Firstly, you should do a little advance planning, prepare some low--risk openers ready. Secondly, use the AAA model we learned from our textbook so that you can quickly find some common ground with the person you are talking with.
I do hope my suggestions will help!
Yours,
Li Hua
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