模块1 Unit5 Nelson Mandela—a modern hero
I.单项选择
1.【2018·江苏高考卷】Self-driving is an area _______China and the rest of the world are on the same starting line.
A. that B. where C. which D. when
2.【天津3月模拟】We live in an age _____ more information is available with greater ease than ever before.
A. that B. which C. when D. where
3.【天津市部分区2018届高三质量调查】We are to hold the sports meeting next weekend, ________ the air quality becomes better.
A. which B. when C. where D. while
4.【2018届天津市耀华中学高三上学期第一次月考】Opposite is St. Paul’s church, _____you can hear some lovely music.
A. which B. that C. when D. where
5.【2018届天津市耀华中学高三上学期第一次月考】It is fantastic for children to have a harmonious family, the parents treat their child like a friend.
A. why B. that C. which D. where
6.【2018届天津市滨海七所重点学校高三毕业班联考英语】Creating an atmosphere ______ employees feel part of a team is a big challenge.
A. where B. whose C. that D. which
7.【2018届北京市朝阳区高三3月综合练习（一模）】 Hawking believes the earth is unlikely to be the only planet _____ life has developed gradually.
A. that B. why C. where D. whose
8.【江苏省海安高级中学2018-2019学年第一次月考】—How did you get in touch with the travel agent, Robin?
—Oh, that’s easy. I surfed the Internet and then called one ___________ the telephone number is provided.
A. which B. in which C. of which D. whose
9.【2019届江苏省扬州中学10月月考试题】The reason ______ she gave for being late was ______ the
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heavy snow prevented her ______.
A. why; because; to come B. for which; whether; to come
C. /; that; coming D. that; why; coming
10.【2019届江苏省扬州中学10月月考试题】 The largest collection ever found in England was
one of about 200,000 silver pennies, and ______ were over 600 years old.
A. all of them B. all of which C. all of whom D. they all
11.【2018·江苏97校联考】It is broadcast on TV that the 88th Academy Award Ceremony was held in Dolby Theatre seats an audience of approximately 4000.
A. where B. whose C. which D. when
12.【北京市朝阳区高三年级第二次综合练习】We really appreciate our learning environment, ______ we can have direct communication.
A. whom B. which C. where D. when
13.【2018届江苏省泰州中学高三12月月考】Last month, part of Britain was struck by snowstorms,
from effects most passengers in Heathrow were suffering a lot, especially those with children.
A. which. B. what C. that D. whose
14.【南京市 2019 届高三年级学情调研考试】If we just focus on how we want the future to be, we may be
to opportunities along the way.
A. equal B. close C. blind D. open
15.【南京师大附中2018届高三年级模拟考试】A good government is not to pick technologies, but to establish conditions _____innovation is supported and encouraged into the marketplace.
A. when B. that C.as D. where
II.阅读理解
【2018新课标全国卷III】While famous foreign architects are invited to lead the designs of landmark buildings in China such as the new CCTV tower and the National Center for the Performing Arts, many excellent Chinese architects are making great efforts to take the center stage.
Their efforts have been proven fruitful. Wang Shu, a 49-year-old Chinese architect, won the 2012 Pritzker Architecture Prize-which is often referred to as the Nobel Prize in architecture-on February 28. He is the first Chinese citizen to win this award.
Wang serves as head of the Architecture Department at the China Academy of Art (CAA). His office
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is located at the Xiangshan campus (校园) of the university in Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province. Many buildings on the campus are his original creations.
The style of the campus is quite different from that of most Chinese universities. Many visitors were amazed by the complex architectural space and abundant building types. The curves (曲线) of the buildings perfectly match the rise and fall of hills, forming a unique view.
Wang collected more than 7 million abandoned bricks of different ages. He asked the workers to use traditional techniques to make the bricks into walls, roofs and corridors. This creation attracted a lot of attention thanks to its mixture of modern and traditional Chinese elements (元素).
Wang’s works show a deep understanding of modern architecture and a good knowledge of traditions. Through such a balance, he had created a new type of Chinese architecture, said Tadao Ando, the winner of the 1995 Pritzker Prize.
Wang believes traditions should not be sealed in glass boxes at museums. “That is only evidence that traditions once existed,” he said.
“Many Chinese people have a misunderstanding of traditions. They think tradition means old things from the past. In fact, tradition also refers to the things that have been developing and that are still being created,” he said
“Today, many Chinese people are learning Western styles and theories rather than focusing on Chinese traditions. Many people tend to talk about traditions without knowing what they really are,” said Wang
The study of traditions should be combined with practice. Otherwise, the recreation of traditions would be artificial and empty, he said.
16. Wang’s winning of the prize means that Chinese architects are______.
A. following the latest world trend
B. getting international recognition
C. working harder than ever before
D relying on foreign architects
17. What impressed visitors to the CAA Xiangshan campus most?
A. Its hilly environment. B. Its large size.
C. Its unique style. D. Its diverse functions.
18. What made Wang’s architectural design a success?
A. The mixture of different shapes.
B. The balance of East and West.
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C. The use of popular techniques.
D. The harmony of old and new.
19. What should we do about Chinese traditions according to Wang?
A. Spread them to the world.
B. Preserve them at museums.
C. Teach them in universities.
D. Recreate them in practice.
III.语法填空
【2018届广州市高三年级调研测试】
Way back in 1674, a frog helped Antoni van Leeuwenhoek make an incredible discovery. Antoni was an amateur scientist from Holland, so fascinated by microscopes ___20___ he’d built some of his own. One rainy day, as he went for a walk, a leaping frog ___21___ (draw) his attention to a puddle.
Antoni collected a drop of puddle water and put it ___22___ his microscope. He was amazed___23___ (see) a whole community of creatures swimming in this one drop — tiny beings no one had ever seen before.
These tiny beings, called microbes, are everywhere: in dirt, in food and on your kitchen table. People ___24__ (cover) in them, too. ___25___ you were to count all the microbes on and inside your body, you would find your body has more microbes than the world has people — over 6 billion!
Microbes can’t survive on ___26___ (they) own. They need food. After ___27___ (settle) into a home — you, for instance — they steal vitamins and other nutrients and leave behind dead cells and poisonous liquids called toxins. Some microbes can make you sick. People usually call these ones germs. ___28___ (lucky) for you, there are more ___29___ (help) microbes, working together to keep you healthy, than bad ones.
IV.短文改错
【广东省深圳市南山区2018届高三上学期入学摸底考试】
Lu Yonggen, an academician at the Chinese Academy of Sciences, has donated life savings of 8.8 millions yuan to educational causes. The 87-year-old scientist says his achievements would not have been possible with the Communist Party of China, but that he is willing to make his last contribution
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to the country.
In March, Lu and his wife transferred all the money they saved it in more than 10 bank accounts to South China Agricultural University to establish the educational fund sponsoring poverty-stricken students and talented young teachers. Lu herself also works hard in the field of rice genetics, climbing mountains in 2001 at the age of 70 to find wild rice. During the past five years, he fostered 33 new varieties of rice seeds what are grown on land covering 600,000 hectares.
Despite a famous scientist, Lu lives a simply and humble life, using broken furniture dated back to the 1980s in his home.
答案与解析
I.单项选择
1.【答案】B
【解析】考查定语从句。句意：无人驾驶是一个中国和世界其它国家都在同一起跑线的领域。句中先行词为area，在从句中作地点状语，故用关系副词where，相当于in which。故选B。
2.【答案】C
【解析】考查定语从句。句意：我们生活在一个时代里，在这个时代，我们比以前更加容易获得更多的信息。这里是定语从句，先行词是age，指时间，when在从句中作时间状语，故选C。
3.【答案】B
【解析】考查定语从句。句意：我们将在下周末举行运动会，届时空气质量会更好。此处next weekend做先行词，在后面的定语从句中做时间状语，故答案为B。
4.【答案】D
【解析】考查定语从句。句意：对面是圣保罗教堂，在那儿你能听到一些优美的音乐。这是一个定语从句。先行词是St. Paul’s church，从句主谓宾成分完整，可推断出引导词在从句中作地点状语，用where。故选D。
5.【答案】D
【解析】考查定语从句。句意：孩子们有一个和睦的家庭，父母把孩子当朋友对待，这是非常棒的。where引导定语从句修饰family，在从句中作地点状语。故选D。
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6.【答案】A
【解析】考查定语从句。句意：创造一种氛围，让员工觉得自己是团队的一员，这是一个巨大的挑战。这是一个定语从句，先行词为atmosphere，通过分析从句_______employees feel part of a team 的句子成分，得知主语（employees），宾语（part of a team）齐全，而atmosphere跟employees不是所属关系，故排除选项B。句子有主语和宾语所以此处应该是一个作状语的词，再根据 in the atmosphere“在氛围中，可知应该是地点状语，故选A。
7.【答案】C
【解析】考查定语从句。句意为：霍金认为地球不大可能是有生命进化现象的唯一星球。限制性定语从句中缺少地点状语，where 在此处引导定语从句并作地点状语，修饰先行词planet，故选C。
8.【答案】C
【解析】考查定语从句。因为of which引导定语从句，并在从句中作定语。of which the telephone number =" whose" telephone number。
9.【答案】C
【解析】考查定语从句、表语从句和固定搭配。句意：她迟到的原因是大雪让她不能来。第一空：The reason是先行词，指物，在后面的定语从句中做宾语，所以此处填that/which/省略；第二空：The reason做先行词后面的表语从句用that引导；第三空：prevent sb. (from) doing sth.阻止某人做某事。故选C。
10.【答案】A
【解析】考查并列句与定语从句的区分。句意：在英国发现的最大的收藏是大约20万枚银币中的一枚，它们都有600年的历史。此处and表明这是一个并列句，and后面是一个简单句，缺少主语，故选A。本句如果没有and，则silver pennies是先行词，指物，是一个定语从句，那答案就应该是all of which。
11.【答案】C
【解析】考查定语从句。句意：在Dolby剧院举行的第88届奥斯卡颁奖典礼在电视上播出，这个剧院能容纳约4000名观众。先行词是Dolby Theatre指物，后面是定语从句，先行词在定语从句中做主语，用关系代词引导，故选C。
12.【答案】C
【解析】考查非限定性定语从句。句意：我们真的很感激我们的学习环境,在这里我们可以进行直接的交流。先行词为 environment,表示抽象地点,故答案为C。
13.【答案】D
【解析】考查定语从句。句意：上个月，英国的一部分地区遭到暴风雪袭击，在Heathrow的多数路人遭受到它的影响，特别是那些孩子。此处snowstorms是先行词，在后面的定语从句中做定语，故答案为D。
14.【答案】C
【解析】
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考查形容词以及短语辨析。句意：如果我们仅仅专注于我们未来想成为的样子，我们可能会对沿途的机会视而不见。be equal to等于，胜任； be close to靠近，接近； be blind to 对……不了解； be open to 对……开放。 故选C。
15.【答案】D
【解析】考查定语从句。句意：一个好的政府不是挑选技术，而是建立一个支持和鼓励创新进入市场的条件。句中包含定语从句，先行词是conditions指物，在定语从句中作状语，用关系副词where 引导，故选D。
II.阅读理解
16.【答案】B
【解析】推理判断题。根据文章第二段的内容可知,王澍获得2012年普利兹克奖,而普利兹克奖相当于建筑界的诺贝尔奖,他是第一个获此奖的中国人,故推知中国建筑现在得到了国际认可。故B项正确。
17.【答案】C
【解析】细节理解题。根据文章第四段对CAA校园的描述可知,它的设计风格独特,与大多数中国大学的校园很不同,许多游客对复杂的建筑空间和丰富的建筑类型感到吃惊,故C正确。
18.【答案】D
【解析】细节理解题。根据文章第六段1995年普利策奖的获得者 Tadao Ando的评语可知,王澍设计的成功之处是把中国传统元素融入现代设计,并保持两者的和谐,故D正确。
19.【答案】D
【解析】推理判断题。文章最后一段中王澍说The study of traditions should be combined with practice. Otherwise, the recreation of traditions would be artificial and empty王澍认为应该把传统的东西和实践结合起来，否则，对传统的再创新就是虚假的，空洞的。由此可知，王澍认为对于传统文化，我们应该在实践中进行再创新（Recreate them in practice）。故D正确。
III.语法填空
【答案】20. that 21. drew 22. under 23. to see 24. are covered
25. If 26. their 27. settling 28. Luckily 29. helpful
【解析】
20.考查固定句式。so…that...，为固定句式， “如此……以至于….”句意：安东尼是来自荷兰的业余科学家，他对使用显微镜是如此着迷，以至他自己有了很多发现。故选that。
21.考查谓语动词的时态。句意; 一个雨天，他出去散步时，一只跳跃的青蛙把他的注意力集中在水坑上。根据文章内容可知是讲述过去的一件事，故要用一般过去时，因此draw要用过去式drew。
22.考查介词。句意：安东尼收集一滴水坑的水，把水放在显微镜。根据常识，要把被观察的东西放在显微镜下面（under），故填under。
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23. 考查固定句式。句意; 他惊讶地看到一整群生物在这一滴水中游动，这种微小的生物以前从未有人见过。sb be +adj.+ to do sth，为固定句式,因此填to see。
24.考查谓语动词的时态及语态。句意：这些微小的生物被称为微生物，到处都是：灰尘、食物和厨房桌子。人们身上也被他们所覆盖。人们与微生物是被动关系，根据句子的结构可知，本空填句子的谓语动词，故填are covered。
25.考查连词。句意：如果你要计算你体内外所有的微生物，你会发现你身体上的微生物比世界上的人还更多——超过60亿！分析句子可知本句中缺少连词，分析句意可知是条件状语从句，故选If。
26.考查固定搭配。句意; 微生物不能独自生存。on one’s own，为固定搭配，“独自”。故用their。
27.考查非谓语在省略句中的应用。分析句子可知。settle的逻辑主语，是they，他们在逻辑上主动关系，因此可省略从句的主语，二者之间的关系是主动的，用动词的ing形式作状语，故选settling。
28.考查副词。根据下文说有很多微生物来帮助我们，说明我们是幸运地，故填Luckily。
29.考查形容词作表语。句意：幸运的是，有更多的有益微生物，与你一起工作，使你保持健康，而不是有病的。分析句子可知help，是名词，必须用其形容词helpful来作定语，故填helpful。
IV.短文改错
【答案】
Lu Yonggen, an academician at the Chinese Academy of Sciences, has donated life savings of 8.8 millions yuan to
million
educational causes. The 87-year-old scientist says his achievements would not have been possible with the Communist
without
Party of China, but that he is willing to make his last contribution to the country.
and
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In March, Lu and his wife transferred all the money they saved it in more than 10 bank accounts to South China
Agricultural University to establish the educational fund sponsoring poverty-stricken students and talented young
an
teachers. Lu herself also works hard in the field of rice genetics, climbing mountains in 2001 at the age of 70 to find
himself
wild rice. During the past five years, he ∧fostered 33 new varieties of rice seeds what are grown on land covering
has that/which
600,000 hectares.
Despite a famous scientist, Lu lives a simply and humble life, using broken furniture dated back to the 1980s in his
simple dating
home.
【解析】
30.考查数词。million由具体数字修饰用单数。故将millions改为million。
31.考查介词。句意：这位身患癌症的87岁科学家说道，没有中国共产党，就没有他的成就，他愿意为国家做最后的贡献。此次表示双重否定。故将with改为without。
32.考查连词。句意：这位身患癌症的87岁科学家说道，没有中国共产党，就没有他的成就，他愿意为国家做最后的贡献。结合句意可知，上下文是顺承关系，不是转折关系。故将but改为and。
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33.考查代词。“they saved”是定语从句，先行词是money，money在从句中作宾语，因此从句中的it是多余的。故去掉saved后的it。
34.考查冠词。句意：……为了建立一个教育基金会赞助贫困学生和有才华的年轻教师。此处泛指“一个教育基金会”，且educational以元音音素开头，去将the改为an。
35.考查代词。由上文可知，Lu是一位男性，反身代词用himself。故将herself改为himself。
36.考查动词的时态。由时间状语“During the past five years”可知，“foster”是从过去一直延续到现在的动作，用现在完成时，且主语是第三人称单数，故在fostered前加has。
37.考查定语从句。“_____are grown ”是定语从句，先行词是seeds，从句中作主语，指物，用关系代词that/which，what不能引导定语从句。故将what改为that/which。
38.考查词性转换。修饰名词用形容词，故将simply改为simple。
39.考查非谓语动词。date back to“追溯到”，date是不及物动词，无被动式，作定语修饰furniture，用现在分词。故将dated改为dating。
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