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阅读理解
A
(2018· 四川绵阳高中诊断)He had more than 160 reports as a reporter on the Metro desk and more than 170 in 19 months as a national journalist based in Kansas City，Mo.But perhaps the most important piece of writing that A．G.Sulzberger did for The New York Times before Wednesday—when he was named deputy publisher—was not an article and was not published in The Times, but was all about The Times.
That work came to be known as the “innovation(创新) report”，which zeroed in on the importance of a digital future for the newspaper his family has owned since 1896 and said The Times risked losing its leading place if it did not make sweeping changes.
In a conversation in his office on Wednesday, Mr. Sulzberger said he saw the innovation report and the thinking that led to his conclusions as “a wakeup call to the newsroom that we were at risk of missing the moment”．
“It was always easy to see how changes will endanger the traditions of the place，” he said，“but what became really clear to me was not changing was the more dangerous course if we cared about the traditions of the place.”
Unlike some of the former deputy publishers in his role, Mr.Sulzberger has been more experienced in the newsroom than in advertising or consumer marketing.Still，his colleagues described him as a quick study whose modesty masked deep inner confidence.Besides，in the newsroom or out on an assignment，Mr.Sulzberger did not show off his connection to The Times’ owners.“I recognized the name，”said Vincent Bova，a video editor who figured in a feature article that Mr. Sulzberger wrote in 2010.“I mean, I knew I was dealing with royalty.There was no reason for me to bring that up with him, and he didn’t.”So Mr.Sulzberger，in some way，has qualified himself for the position since long time ago.
【解题导语】 本篇文章属于人物介绍类，介绍了著名出版人A.G.Sulzberger对《纽约时报》的重要贡献，还介绍了他提出的“创新报道”理论以及他人对他的评价。
1．A.G.Sulzberger wrote the “innovation report” mainly to ________．
A．urge revolutions in The Times
B．gain the position of deputy publisher
C．promote changes in New York City
D．show directions to his family future
A 解析：推理判断题。根据第二段可知，“创新报道”关注报纸数字化未来的重要性，《纽约时报》如果不改革，则将面临危机。据此可以判断，A.G.Sulzberger提及“创新报道”
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的目的是敦促《纽约时报》进行变革，故A项正确。
2．What is the biggest threat to traditional media according to Mr.Sulzberger?
A．Scientific developments.
B．Rapid social changes.
C．Their own stubbornness.
D．Decreasing readers.
C 解析：推理判断题。根据第二段中的“and said The Times risked losing its leading place if it did not make sweeping changes”和文章中提到的“innovation report”可知，A.G.Sulzberger认为《纽约时报》如果不做出变革，则将面临危机；据此可以判断，A.G.Sulzberger认为传统媒体面临的最大的问题是它们固执己见，不思变革，故C项正确。
3．How does the author show us what Mr.Sulzberger is like in the last paragraph?
A．By comparing him with others.
B．By interviewing him in person.
C．By giving examples of his routines.
D．By quoting comments from others.
D 解析：写作方法题。通读最后一段可知，该段第二句介绍了同事对A.G.Sulzberger的评价，第四句和第五句介绍了视频编辑Vincent Bova对他的评价；据此可以判断，最后一段是通过别人的评价来描述A.G.Sulzberger的，故D项正确。
4．What does the author think of Mr.Sulzberger according to the passage?
A．Casual. B．Objective.
C．Admirable. D．Critical.
C 解析：观点态度题。通读全文可知，A.G.Sulzberger提出“创新报道”理论并前瞻性地认识到数字化时代对传统媒体的影响，意识到传统媒体变革的重要意义；据此可以判断，作者对A.G.Sulzberger的态度是钦佩的，故C项正确。
B
(2018·郑州一中上学期高三入学测试)You might make a disgusted face when you notice that the person waiting in their car at the red light next to you is picking their nose，but admit it，you do it too.And while it might be the natural option when there isn’t a box of tissues around，it can be bad for you.The main reasons why people feel the need to pick their nose are to clear it of dried liquid，stop an itch(痒)，or just because it feels good.Boogers(鼻屎) form when dried liquid and cilium，the tiny hairs that line the nostrils(鼻孔)，trap the dust，dirt，and other things.When boogers build up in your nose，it can be uncomfortable，and sometimes just blowing them into a tissue doesn’t
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do__the__trick．
Otolaryngologist Erich P．Voigt，MD，told Business Insider that picking your nose can cause injuries and bleeding within your nostrils.That’s not terribly damaging，but when the bacteria from your hands get into your body，it can cause a cold.So doctors strongly suggest not picking the nose.
If dry winter air is causing the dirty liquid to harden in your nostrils，making you want to pick，consider damping the air at home，or taking a steam shower to soften things up in there.
Children，who are most famous for having a finger in their nose，sometimes don’t realize how much injury they’re causing，and sometimes it can lead to nose bleeding.
So，next time you go to pick your nose，think about how many bacteria are on your hands and in your boogers，and maybe reach for a tissue instead.Even if you’re alone，and not waiting for the light to turn green，please，use a tissue.
【解题导语】 本文主要分析了人们抠鼻子的原因以及抠鼻子所带来的不良后果，并呼吁人们需要时用纸巾而不是用手指抠鼻子。
5．Why do people pick their nose?
A．Because they want to disgust others.
B．Because they have the need to do it.
C．Because they have nothing else to do.
D．Because they don’t have tissues around.
B 解析：细节理解题。根据第一段第三句可知，人们抠鼻子的原因是他们认为有必要这样做，故选B。
6．Which of the following can replace the underlined part“do the trick” in Paragraph 1?
A．act B．cheat
C．play D．help
D 解析：词义猜测题。根据第一段最后一句中的“When boogers build up in your nose，it can be uncomfortable”可推知，鼻屎堵住鼻子的话，有时候擤鼻子并没有用。help意为“减轻，改善”，符合题意，故选D。
7．Which can help people avoid a cold and flu according to the text?
A．Stopping picking the nose.
B．Using tissues regularly.
C．Taking a shower every day.
D．Keeping the air wet at home.
A 解析：推理判断题。根据第二段最后两句可推知，抠鼻子有可能引起细菌感染，让人感冒，因此医生强烈建议不要抠鼻子，故选A。
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8．What should you do when you have to pick your nose?
A．Be careful not to cause bleeding.
B．Use a tissue instead of bare fingers.
C．Wait for the light to turn red if you are driving.
D．Wash your hands and clear your fingernails.
B 解析：细节理解题。根据文章最后一段第一句可知，下次要抠鼻子的话，不要直接用手指，而是用纸巾。
七选五
(2018·东北三省四市模拟)Imagine that you’re an actor or actress performing in a play for the first time. You’ve learned all your lines and you know where to walk on stage. Waiting behind the closed curtain, you can hear the audience whispering. Then your big moment arrives! The curtain goes up, and the crowd falls silent. All you can see is the spotlight shining down on you. 1.________ The inside of your mouth is dry, and your hands are wet.
If you’ve experienced a moment like this, you know all too well what it means to have stage fright. It’s one of the most common types of fear. 2.________ You can experience this kind of fear when playing sports, giving a talk, or even speaking in class.
3．________ The experience differs from person to person, but the same chemical process occurs on each of us. In reaction to anxiety, our bodies produce a chemical that prepares us to either fight or run away quickly. Scientists refer to this as our bodies’ “ fight for fright” reaction. As a result, we feel the great energy that makes our hands sweat, our hearts race and knees shake.
4．________ Practicing your performance and following some simple tips can help you calm down and manage the feelings caused by anxiety. Firstly, dress comfortably and appropriately. Secondly, before the performance, take deep breaths and stretch to help relax your body. Thirdly, stay away from drinks that contain caffeine(咖啡因). 5.________ Instead，try a banana! Some doctors believe that eating a banana can help calm your heart and the rest of your body. Finally, when you look into a crowd, try to focus on particular people rather than the whole group. These tips have helped many people learn to deal with their fears.
A．They might make your heart race even faster.
B．Maybe you don’t have to be onstage to get stage fright.
C．Stage fright is really part of the body’s reaction to stress.
D．With practice, we can learn how to relax while playing sports.
E．Then you try to speak your lines, but nothing seems to come out.
F．There’s a time when stage fright prevents you from stepping onstage.
G．However, the good news about stage fright is that there are ways to deal with it.
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【解题导语】 本文主要介绍了人们经常会经历的舞台恐惧及应对舞台恐惧的几种方法。
1．E 解析：上文提到了站在舞台上的所听所见，下文提到了舞台恐惧的表现，所以中间连接句也应是在舞台上的表现，所以选E项。
2．B 解析：下文提到在参加体育运动、演讲甚至在课堂上发言都可能会经历这种恐惧，所以空处应讲的是有时这种恐惧不一定只出现在舞台上，所以选B项。
3．C 解析：本段讲的是舞台恐惧产生的过程及身体对压力的反应，所以空处应该解释舞台恐惧与身体反应的联系，所以选C项。
4．G 解析：下文讲的是应对舞台恐惧的方法，所以空处应统领本段内容，所以选G项。
5．A 解析：上文提到要远离含有咖啡因的饮料，下文应该陈述原因，所以选A项。
短文改错
(2018·临沂模拟)Last weekend, my parents and I start early to visit my grandpa in the countryside where is about 80 km away. When we arrived, we saw some dishes had been preparing for us. My grandpa was more than happy to see me or have dinner with them. As my grandpa is a good cook, so we ate up all the delicious dishes. After dinner, he listened my report about the life in school. He told me to take more exercise to stay health. He also told me to study hardly to get further education in a key university to make the greater contribution to our motherland.
答案：
Last weekend, my parents and I early to visit my grandpa in the countryside is about 80 km away. When we arrived, we saw some dishes had been for us. My grandpa was more than happy to see me have dinner with . As my grandpa is a good cook, we ate up all the delicious dishes. After dinner, he listened my report about the life in school. He told me to take more exercise to stay . He also told me to study to get further education in a key university to make greater contribution to our motherland.
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