第3章 整式的加减
3.4 整式的加减
3.去括号与添括号
第1课时 去括号
[学生用书P81]
1.(a-1)的相反数为( )
A.a-1 B.a+1
C.1-a D.-a-1
2.下列各式中,去括号正确的是( )
A.x+2(y-1)=x+2y-1
B.x-2(y-1)=x+2y+2
C.x-2(y-1)=x-2y-2
D.x-2(y-1)=x-2y+2
3.化简a+b-2(a-b)的结果是( )
A.3b-a B.-a-b
C.a+3b D.-a+b
4.-[a-(b-c)]去掉括号后为( )
A.-a-b-c B.-a-b+c
C.a+b-c D.-a+b-c
5.[2016·株洲]计算:3a-(2a-1)=__ __.
6.在括号前填入正号或负号,使左边与右边相等.
(1)y-x=_ __(x-y);
(2)(x-y)2=__ __(y-x)2;
(3)(x-y)3=__ __(y-x)3.
7.计算:(x-y+z)-(x-y-z)+(x+y-z)=__ _.
8.先去括号,再合并同类项:
(1)3(5a+4)-(3a-10);
(2)(8a-4b)-(4a+4b-c)-2a;
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(3)-3x2+(3x-4x2)-(2x2-3x+6);
(4)7(a2b-ab)-2(a2b-3ab).
9.先去括号,再合并同类项:
(1)-3(2s-5)+6s;
(2)3x-;
(3)6a2-4ab-4;
(4)-3(2x2-xy)+4(x2+xy-6).
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10.[2017·甘井子区期末]先化简,再求值:(2x2-1+3x)+4(1-3x-2x2),其中x=-1.
11.[2017·崆峒区期末]先化简,再求值:-a2b+(3ab2-a2b)-2(2ab2-a2b),其中 a=-1,b=-2.
12.[2017·江津区期末]先化简,再求值:
2×-[2x2-3(2xy-x2)-2xy],其中x=-2,y=.
13.[2017·卢龙县期末]先化简,再求值:-6x+3(3x2-1)-(9x2-x+3),其中x=-
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.
14.已知2xmy2与-3xyn是同类项,计算m-(m2n+3m-4n)+(2nm2-3n)的值.
15.[2017·凉州区期末]先化简,后求值:-2(mn-3m2)-[m2-5(mn-m2)+2mn],其中m、n满足|m-1|+(n+2)2=0.
参考答案
【分层作业】
1.C
2.D
3.A
4.D
5.a+1
7
6.- + -
7.x+y+z
8. 解:(1)3(5a+4)-(3a-10)
=15a+12-3a+10
=(15-3)a+(12+10)
=12a+22;
(2)(8a-4b)-(4a+4b-c)-2a
=8a-4b-4a-4b+c-2a
=(8-4-2)a+(-4-4)b+c
=2a-8b+c;
(3)-3x2+(3x-4x2)-(2x2-3x+6)
=-3x2+3x-4x2-2x2+3x-6
=(-3-4-2)x2+(3+3)x-6
=-9x2+6x-6;
(4)7(a2b-ab)-2(a2b-3ab)
=7a2b-7ab-2a2b+6ab
=(7-2)a2b+(-7+6)ab
=5a2b-ab.
9.解:(1)-3(2s-5)+6s
=-6s+15+6s
=15;
(2)3x-
=3x-
=3x-5x+x-4
=-x-4;
(3)6a2-4ab-4
=6a2-4ab-8a2-2ab
=-2a2-6ab;
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(4)-3(2x2-xy)+4(x2+xy-6)
=-6x2+3xy+4x2+4xy-24
=-2x2+7xy-24.
10.解:(2x2-1+3x)+4(1-3x-2x2),
=2x2-1+3x+4-12x-8x2,
=-6x2-9x+3,
把x=-1代入-6x2-9x+3=-6+9+3=6.
11.解:原式=-a2b+3ab2-a2b-4ab2+2a2b=-ab2,
当a=-1,b=-2时,
原式=-(-1)×(-2)2=4.
12.解:原式=-6xy+5x2-(2x2-6xy+3x2-2xy)
=-6xy+5x2-2x2+6xy-3x2+2xy
=2xy,
当x=-2,y=时,
原式=2×(-2)×=-2.
13.解:原式=-6x+9x2-3-9x2+x-3=-5x-6.
当x=-时,原式=-6=-.
14.解:因为2xmy2与-3xyn是同类项,所以m=1,n=2.
m-(m2n+3m-4n)+(2nm2-3n)
=m-m2n-3m+4n+2nm2-3n
=(m-3m)+(4n-3n)+(2nm2-m2n)
=-2m+n+m2n.
当m=1,n=2时,
原式=-2×1+2+12×2=2.
15.解:由|m-1|+(n+2)2=0可知m=1,n=-2,
∴原式=-2mn+6m2-(m2-5mn+5m2+2mn)
=-2mn+6m2-m2+5mn-5m2-2mn
=mn
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=-2.
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