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阅读理解
(2018·甘肃诊断)The 2016 Nobel Prize in Physics is shared by three scientists, the Royal Academy of Sciences announced in Stockholm on Tuesday. The Nobel Prize in Physics 2016 was divided, with one half awarded to David J. Thouless, the other half to F. Duncan M. Haldane and J. Michael Kosterlitz for “theoretical discoveries of topological phase transitions and topological phases of matter(物质拓扑相变和拓扑相)”．
Haldane said he was “very surprised” at the news, adding that he was glad that their discoveries found something previously unnoticed by many, and that they revealed “more possibilities for looking for new materials”. He particularly pointed out that a lot of work was still ongoing.
The year’s prize amount is 8 million Swedish krona, and will be split properly between the three winners.
The winners are given a sum of money when they receive their prizes, in the form of a document confirming the amount awarded. The amount of prize money depends upon how much money the Nobel Foundation(基金会) can award each year. The purse has increased since the 1980s, when the prize money was 880，000 SEK per prize. In 2009, the monetary award was 10 million SEK. In June 2012, it was lowered to 8 million SEK.
If there are two winners of a particular prize, the award money is divided equally between the winners. If there are three, the awarding committee can choose to divide the money equally, or award onehalf to one winner and onequarter to each of the others. It is common for winners to donate prize money to benefit scientific, cultural, or charitable causes.
【解题导语】 本文介绍了2016年诺贝尔物理学奖的归属以及诺贝尔奖的相关知识，包括奖金的金额、来源和分配。
1．How much prize money does Thouless get?
A．8 million Swedish krona.
B．6 million Swedish krona.
C．4 million Swedish krona.
D．2 million Swedish krona.
C 解析：推理判断题。根据第一段第二句The Nobel Prize in Physics 2016 was divided, with one half awarded to David J. Thouless...及第三段The year’s prize amount is 8 million Swedish krona...可知，2016年的奖金是800万瑞典克朗，而索利斯获得了一半的奖金。故选C项。
2．According to the passage, Haldane thought that his work________．
A．was far from ending
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B．was based on many previous studies
C．had perfectly been completed
D．had surprised the whole world
A 解析：细节理解题。根据文章第二段最后一句He particularly pointed out that a lot of work was still ongoing.可知，霍尔丹指出还有很多工作仍在进行，即远远没有结束。故选A项。
3．The amount of prize money________．
A．has been ever increasing since the 1980s
B．has been ever decreasing since the 1980s
C．remains 880，000 SEK each year after 2012
D．differs according to the Nobel Foundation’s affordability
D 解析：细节理解题。根据文章第四段可知，诺贝尔奖的奖金金额并不是固定的，而是根据每年诺贝尔基金会所能奖励的金额而决定。故选D项。
4．What does the last paragraph talk about?
A．The purpose of the award money.
B．The number of winners per prize.
C．How the winners are selected.
D．How the award money is dealt with.
D 解析：段落大意题。最后一段讲了诺贝尔奖奖金的分配及获奖人如何利用这些奖金。故选D项。
七选五
(2018·南昌十校模拟)Want to live in a perfectly clean environment and make it shine brightly? 1.________ Then you will not need to purchase expensive cleaning products.
Clean the toilet with Coke. It’s amazing how powerful Coke might be as a toilet cleaner. 2.________ You’ll save your health by not consuming chemicals that Coke contains and save money by not purchasing professional cleaners. Pour some cola over the stains and leave it all for a few hours. Then let water wash the toilet!
Remove water stains with orange peels. You’ve just eaten an orange. 3.________ Do not throw away those orange peels. You can use the skins to clean stainless steel. Your appliances will shine again after you rub(擦) them with the skins. The peels can easily make those stubborn stains disappear in a second.
Use banana peels to polish leather furniture. Experts claim that banana peels are great for polishing leather sofas and armchairs. Banana skins are rich in oils and have the right texture to do the task. 4.________ Afterwards, remove the leftover with a cloth. This trick is simple and cheap. Use it if you want your leather furniture to look brand new again.
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5．________ Why would you want to buy one when you can make your own product that is cheap and nontoxic(无毒的)? Just pour 2 liters of slightly warm water into a deep bowl. Then add 50ml white vinegar and half a teaspoon of dishwashing liquid. Shake the bowl and then fill up a plastic spray with the mixture. Use it to clean windows and mirrors. Make your glass surfaces clean and shiny.
A．Wait a minute!
B．Make your own glass cleaner.
C．Follow the steps given below.
D．Of course your answer is “yes”．
E．They leave no marks or scratches.
F．Instead of drinking it, use it to clean the toilet bowl.
G．They are economical and safe to use on all of furniture.
【解题导语】 本文是一篇说明文。想生活在一个干净的生活环境中、让一切光洁发亮吗？那就按照以下步骤来做吧。无需购买昂贵的清洁用品，只需要一些小妙招。
1．C 解析：根据空前的“Want to live in a perfectly clean environment and make it shine brightly？”和空后的“Then you will not need to purchase expensive cleaning products.”以及接下来列举的几条小妙招可知，C项“跟着以下步骤做”能起到承上启下的作用。
2．F 解析：本段讲的是用可乐清理厕所，故F项“你可以不喝可乐，而是用之清洁马桶”符合语境。
3．A 解析：根据下文中的“Do not throw away those orange peels...”可知，吃了橘子后，稍等片刻，不要扔掉橘子皮，你可以用之清理不锈钢。所以选A。
4．E 解析：根据上文中的“Banana skins are rich in oils and have the right texture to do the task.”可知香蕉皮富含油脂，材质也非常适合擦拭皮质，使污痕或划痕统统不见。所以选E。
5．B 解析：根据下文中的“you can make your own product that is cheap and nontoxic(无毒的)？”“Use it to clean windows and mirrors. Make your glass surfaces clean and shiny.”可知，本段讲的是如何自制玻璃清洁剂，故B项符合语境。
语法填空
(2018·银川检测)World Read Aloud Day is celebrated each year on the first Wednesday of March.It 1.____________ (start) by the LitWorld.org in 2010 and has now reached 65 countries. The aim is to encourage people worldwide who cannot read to enjoy the benefits of a book.Its website asks everyone 2.____________ (celebrate) the day by taking a book, finding an audience, and reading out aloud.It is about taking action to show the world that the right to read and write 3.____________ (belong) to all people.
The website asks 4.____________ (visit) to join in the movement to reduce 5._________ number of illiterate(不识字的) people in the world.It is 6.__________(absolute)
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necessary to help those who cannot read.The website says, “It’s time to start by reading aloud to 7.____________ might like it.Share a book with a child who might need it, share a story with someone who would treasure it, and listen patiently 8.____________someone else’s story as they share with you.”The United Nations says，“Literacy involves a variety of learning in enabling individuals to achieve their goals, to develop their knowledge, 9.____________ to participate fully in society.”In that way, World Read Aloud Day does help make a 10.____________ (different)．
【解题导语】 本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了World Read Aloud Day(世界朗读日)。
1．was started 解析：考查动词的时态和语态。World Read Aloud Day在2010年由LitWorld.org发起。根据语境可知，此处需要用start的被动形式，又因时间状语是“in 2010”，故用一般过去时。
2．to celebrate 解析：考查动词不定式。ask sb.to do sth.“要求某人做某事”，网站要求每个人通过拿本书、找到一位听众、大声阅读的方式来庆祝这个节日。
3．belongs 解析：考查主谓一致。这正是采取行动向世界表明阅读和写作的权利属于所有的人。根据句子成分可知，从句的主语为 the right，故填belongs。
4．visitors 解析：考查名词复数。根据语境可知，网站让游客来参加活动，游客不止一个，且空前没有冠词修饰，故填visitors。
5．the 解析：考查冠词。the number of...是固定搭配，表示“……的数量”。
6．absolutely 解析：考查副词。帮助那些不能阅读的人是完全有必要的。
7．whoever 解析：考查宾语从句。是开始为任何可能喜欢的人大声朗读的时候了。whoever引导宾语从句且在从句中作主语。
8．to 解析：考查介词。当他们与你分享时，你要耐心地倾听某人的故事。listen to是固定搭配。
9．and 解析：考查连词。根据语境和句子成分可知，前后表示并列关系。
10．difference 解析：考查名词。make a difference“有作用”，根据空前的冠词可知，此处应用所给词的名词形式。
短文改错
(2018·武汉武昌区调研)When I was in the Grade One，I was terrible poor in English.Be sleepy in class was one of the reasons why I rarely did well in school.Once I even failed in a midterm exam.While I got the papers，I realized that things would be better if I listened to the teacher attentively.My teacher told me，“Yesterday is history.Today is a gift.If you bury you in English now, you’ll make it.”I can’t agree much.From then on，I began to study harder.Out of my expectation，I made great achievement soon.Today，English is which my strength lies.And I’m grateful for my English teacher.
答案：
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When I was in Grade One，I was poor in English. sleepy in class was one of the reasons why I rarely did well in school.Once I even failed in a midterm exam. I got the papers，I realized that things would be better if I listened to the teacher attentively.My teacher told me，“Yesterday is history.Today is a gift.If you bury in English now, you’ll make it.”I can’t agree .From then on，I began to study harder.Out of my expectation，I made great soon.Today，English is my strength lies.And I’m grateful my English teacher.
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