第2讲 运用2个歌诀、3种方法解决冠词的张冠李戴问题
备考指导 冠词是历年高考中的必考点之一，只是不同的省份考查的形式不同而已，有的是以单项填空的形式，有的是以语法填空的形式，有的是以短文改错的形式进行考查。冠词的用途是很广的，尤其是在写作中，几乎每个句子都要涉及到冠词的用法。
一、冠词应用的2个歌诀
1．定冠词用法歌诀
沙漠河流域山川，列岛海峡与海湾。阶级党派国家名，组织团体与机关。方位朝代独一词，会议条约与报刊。乐器建筑影剧院，复姓年代海洋船。特指提过人皆知，限定抽象单名前。序数全家名词化，序数最高festival前。抓打人体某部位，带language指语言。还有许多惯用法，定冠可填不可删。莫忘规律有例外，灵活使用是关键。
2．名词前不用冠词的歌诀
独一职位在某地，用作表、补、同位语；独立主格作状语， by短语表方式，man一词义“人类”，对比含义两名词；系词turn接表语，新闻语体及标题；具体意义变抽象，含有as/though的倒装句；人名、地名、国名次，抽象、物质不特指；月份、星期、节假日，学科、语言、称呼语；颜色、病名、五感觉，棋类、球类、三餐词；复数形式表类别，固定词组、惯用语。二、一些固定短语中冠词的用法
1．一些短语中常用不定冠词
in a flash转瞬间 all of a sudden突然
in a word总之 as a matter of fact事实上
in a hurry匆忙 have a go尝试
as a rule通常 as a result结果
as a whole总体上 at a loss不知所措
make a fool of愚弄 make a living谋生
in a sense从某种意义上说
to a degree在某种程度上
put an end to结束，停止
once in a while偶尔地
2．一些短语中常用定冠词
on the contrary恰恰相反
in the distance在远处
in the air在传播中
in the end最后
on the whole大体上
by the way顺便提一下
on the right/left在右/左边
to the point简明恰当
take sb.by the arm拉着某人的胳膊
the other day那天，前几天
make the most of充分利用
to tell the truth老实说
3．一些短语中常用零冠词
at dawn拂晓
on board在船上(或飞机上、火车上)
at hand(在时间或距离上)接近
by accident偶然
in debt负债
out of date过时的
at full speed全速
catch fire着火
face to face面对面
hand in hand手拉手
year after year年复一年
lose face丢脸
catch sight of看见
take action采取行动
4．一些短语中有无定冠词意义不同
at table在吃饭
at the table在桌旁
go to school去上学
go to the school到那所学校去
in front of在……前面
in the front of在……的前部
out of question毫无疑问
out of the question不可能
in charge of负责……
in the charge of由……负责
in possession of占有……
in the possession of为……所占有
by day在白天
by the day按日计算
by sea乘船
by the sea在海边
三、解决冠词问题常用的3种方法
方法1 语境暗示法
在解答冠词试题时，要注意下面的原则：一是根据句子的意思判断是特指(定冠词表示特指)还是泛指(不定冠词表示泛指)，其次看是可数名词还是不可数名词。这样就能够根据句子的意思判断出是选定冠词还是不定冠词。
典例展示1 (2016·全国卷Ⅰ)My uncle says that he never dreams of becoming rich in the short period of time. ________
答案 the→a
解析 此处表示“在一段短暂的时间内”，并没有特指在哪一段时间，所以应该把the改为a。
典例展示2 (2016·四川高考)I asked Mom to stay in the sitting room and I cooked in kitchen.________
答案 kitchen前加the
解析 此处应指我们家的厨房，表示特指，故在kitchen前加the。
方法2 准确翻译法
冠词a/an表示“一个，一种，某一个”，一般泛指任意一个，而the表示“这个，那个”，是特指。所以在大多数情况下，如果我们能准确地把泛指或特指的意思翻译出来，就能够正确地解答该题。
典例展示1 (2015·广东高考)He owned ________ farm, which looked almost abandoned.
答案 a
解析 此处第一次提到农场，应用不定冠词。故答案为a。
典例展示2 Being able to afford ________ drink would be ________ comfort in those though time.
答案 a；a
解析 a drink在此是物质名词具体化，指“一杯饮料”；a comfort在此是抽象名词具体化，指“一件令人欣慰的事”。
方法3 固定短语搭配法
掌握冠词的习惯用法，冠词活用和固定词组中用不用冠词或用什么冠词对于解答冠词试题也是很重要的。
典例展示1 (2016·全国卷Ⅰ)The nursery team switches him every few days with his sister so that while one is being bottle－fed，________ other is with mum — she never suspects.
答案 the
解析 one ... the other ...是固定搭配，意为“一个……另一个……”。故答案为the。
典例展示2 (2016·全国卷Ⅱ)But in that case, we will learn little about world.
答案 world前加the
解析 world是独一无二的事物，故在world前加the。
跟踪训练
考点突破
Ⅰ.根据语境在下面的空格处填上合适的冠词
1. It is generally accepted that ________ boy must learn to stand up and fight like ________ man.
2．As he reached ________ front door，Jack saw ________ strange sight.
3．Take your time—it’s just ________ short distance from here to ________ restaurant.
4．—It’s said that John will be in a job paying over 60，000 ________ year.
—Right，he will also get paid by ________ week.
5．Experts think that ________ recently discovered painting may be ________ Picasso.
6．Dr.Peter Spence，________ headmaster of the school，told us，“________ fifth of pupils here go on to study at Oxford and Cambridge.”
7．As is known to all，________ People’s Republic of China is ________ biggest developing country in the world.
8．In communication，________ smile is usually a strong sign of a friendly and ________ open attitude.
9．It’s __________ good feeling for people to admire the Shanghai World Expo that gives them ________ pleasure.
10. Everything comes with ________ price；there is no such ________ thing as free lunch in the world.
11．We can never expect ________ bluer sky unless we create ________ less polluted world.
12．The biggest whale is __________ blue whale，which grows to be about 29 meters long—the height of ________ 9story building.
13．Some people fear that ________ air pollution may bring about changes in ________ weather around the world.
14．Let’s go to ________ cinema—that’ll take your mind off the problem for ________ while.
15．What ________ pity that you couldn’t be there to receive __________ prize!
Ⅱ.单句改错
1．On the bus I caught a sight of my English teacher.________
2．Wish you a good luck.________
3．Sometimes I go to school by a taxi.________
4．I didn’t go to the bed until midnight last night.________
5．Students are not allowed to smoke in the class.________
6．A girl as she is, she is very fond of boxing.________
7．Tom is my the best friend.________
8．At last he turned a writer.________
9．He came into the classroom, a book in hand.________
10．He is the captain of the team.________
能力提升
Ⅰ.阅读理解
A
Some people will do just about anything to save money.And I am one of them.Take my family’s last vacation.It was my sixyearold son’s winter break from school，and we were heading home from Fort Lauderdale after a weeklong trip.The flight was overbooked，and Delta，the airline，offered us 400 per person in credits to give up our seats and leave the next day.I had meetings in New York，so I had to get back.But that didn’t mean my husband and my son couldn’t stay.I took my ninemonthold and took off for home.
The next day，my husband and son were offered more credits to take an even later flight.Yes，I encouraged—okay，ordered—them to wait it out at the airport to “earn” more Delta Dollars.Our total take：1，600.Not bad，huh?
Now some people may think I’m a bad mother and not such a great wife either.But as a bigtime bargain hunter，I know the value of a dollar.And these days，a good deal is something few of us can afford to pass up.
I’ve made a living looking for the best deals and exposing(揭露) the worst tricks.I have been the consumer reporter of NBC’s Today show for over a decade.I have written a couple of books including one titled Tricks of the Trade：A Consumer Survival Guide.And I really do what I believe in.
I tell you this because there is no shame in getting your money’s worth.I’m also tightfisted when it comes to shoes，clothes for my children，and expensive restaurants.But I wouldn’t hesitate to spend on a good haircut.It keeps its shape longer，and it’s the first thing people notice.And I will also spend on a classic piece of furniture.Quality lasts.
1．Why did Delta give the author’s family credits?
A．They took a later flight.
B．They had early bookings.
C．Their flight had been delayed.
D．Their flight had been cancelled.
2．What can we learn about the author?
A．She rarely misses a good deal.
B．She seldom makes a compromise.
C．She is very strict with her children.
D．She is interested in cheap products.
3．What does the author do?
A．She’s a teacher.
B．She’s a housewife.
C．She’s a media person.
D．She’s a businesswoman.
4．What does the author want to tell us?
A．How to expose bad tricks.
B．How to reserve airline seats.
C．How to spend money wisely.
D．How to make a business deal.
B
There is no doubt that to study abroad gives you an excellent opportunity to learn things which are very helpful in your career building.Today Canada has earned a good name in providing quality education and safe healthy environment for its students.That is why more than 130，000 international students enroll(登记入学) every year in famous Canadian universities.It is an ideal education destination and gives students a unique experience education and its versatile(多样的) arts and culture.Canada spends a lot on education and is ranked the highest in G8 countries.
To study in Canada is very cost effective.These universities are affordable compared to other universities in the world such as in the US，New Zealand and UK where cost of education and living is very high.According to a survey in 2006，“Canada offered the lowest tuition fees(学费) for foreign students compared to UK and Australia.”
The low rate of crimes and the peaceful safe environment of the country also attracts a lot of international students to Canadian universities.Canada has 92 universities and 175 community colleges and university degrees have three
levels—Bachelor’s，Master’s and Doctoral.
A Bachelor’s degree in Canada is for three or four years’ fulltime study depending on the nature of the program you are doing.On the other hand，a Master’s degree consists of two years of study.For a Doctoral program in Canadian universities，you require a minimum (最低/小的) of three to four or sometimes five years of research and study.
You can also find many diploma and certification(认证) programs in Canadian universities where the time is generally one year.Some of the Canadian universities are wellregarded worldwide and the degree and diploma obtained from these Canadian universities are recognized globally and promise bright future.After the completion of studies，a person could also find great job offers in Canada itself.International students require a work permit to work on campus.
5．We can learn from the passage that ________．
A．Canada has 92 community colleges
B．to study in Canada is cheaper than in Australia
C．Canada spends the least on education among G8 countries
D．130，000 Chinese students enroll in Canadian universities every year
6．How long will you spend at least in total if you want to finish your Bachelor’s Master’s and Doctoral degrees in Canada?
A．11 years. B．9 years.
C．8 years. D．7 years.
7．What advantages does Canada have to attract foreign students according to the passage?
(1)Quality education (2)Safe environment
(3)Versatile culture (4)Bright job future
(5)High scholarship (6)Low tuition fees
A．(1)(2)(4)(5)(6) B．(1)(2)(3)(5)(6)
C．(1)(3)(4)(5)(6) D．(1)(2)(3)(4)(6)
8．What’s the best title for the passage?
A．Canadian Culture
B．The Life in Canada
C．Benefits of Studying Abroad
D．Study in Canada—a Unique Experience
Ⅱ.语法填空
Dear Editor，
I’m writing to tell you about 1.________ discussion we’ve had about whether 2.________ entrance fee should be charged for parks.
Opinions are divided on 3.________ question. 60%of 4.________ students are against 5.________ idea of entrance fees. They believe 6.________ public park should be free of charge. People need 7.________ place where they can rest and enjoy themselves. Charging entrance fees will no doubt keep some people away. What is more, it will become necessary to build gates and walls, which will do harm to 8.________ appearance of 9.________ city.
On 10.________ other hand, 40% think that fees should be charged because you need money to pay gardeners and other workers, and to buy plants and young trees. They suggest, fees should be charged low.
第2讲 运用2个歌诀、3种方法解决冠词的张冠李戴问题
考点突破
Ⅰ.1.a；a 2.the；a 3.a；the 4.a；the 5.the；a
6．/；A 7.the；the 8.a；/ 9.a；/ 10.a；/
11．a；a 12.a；a 13./ ；the 14.the；a 15.a; the
Ⅱ.1.去掉a 2.去掉a 3.去掉a 4.去掉the
5．去掉the 6.去掉A 7.去掉the 8.去掉a
9．去掉a 10.去掉第一个the
能力提升
Ⅰ.1.A
2．A
3．C
4．C
5．B
6．C
7．D
8．D
Ⅱ.1.the 2.an 3.the 4.the 5.the 6.a 7.a
8．the 9.a 10.the
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