第4讲 与形容词、副词有关的4个高频考点、
6组易混辨析和2个常见的解题方法
备考指导 形容词和副词是历年高考中的必考点之一，其命题点主要集中在比较等级或词义辨析这两个方面。解决词义辨析题关键是牢记某些高频词的词义，掌握词义的有效办法就是通过语境去记忆，例如：
1．—Did he break it accidentally (＝by accident/by chance)?
—No，purposely (＝on purpose)．
2．—Search your heart and ask if you’re equally to blame.
3．—I’m especially (＝particularly) fond of pop songs.
4．—Eventually (＝Finally)，he made it.
通过背诵句子来记忆词汇的音、形、意。
自己创设语境牢记下列高考高频词汇
increasingly，largely，meanwhile，merely，completely，partly，practically，rarely，accessible，accurate，adaptable，addicted，adorable，affordable，aggressive，alternative，apparent，artificial，available，casual，cautious，complex，confident，constant，contradictory，controversial，dramatic，effective，flexible，frequent，individual，inevitable，optional，permanent，potential，skeptical，secure，sensitive，responsible，subtle，transparent，unique等
一、4个高频考点
1．“the＋比较级．..，the＋比较级．..”表示“越……，越……”
The more you talked，the less he listened to you.
你说得越多，他就越不听你的。
The sooner，the better.越快越好。
2．倍数表达的五种形式
(1)倍数＋as＋形容词或副词原级＋as...
(2)倍数＋形容词或副词的比较级＋than...
(3)倍数＋the＋性质名词＋of...
(4)The＋名词＋be＋倍数＋what从句
(5)The＋名词＋be＋倍数＋that/those of...
At a rough estimate，our school is three times the size of theirs.
At a rough estimate，our school is three times larger than theirs.
At a rough estimate，our school is three times as large as theirs.
At a rough estimate，the size of our school is three times larger than that of theirs.
At a rough estimate，the size of our school is three times what theirs is.
3．can not与enough连用或cannot (can not...)＋too表示“再……也不过分”
I cannot thank you too much.
＝I cannot thank you much enough.
太感谢你了。
You can never be too careful in the street.
在大街上，你再小心也不为过。
4．否定词和比较级连用表示最高级含义
There is no greater love than that of a man who lays down his life for his friends.
为朋友而放弃生命的人的爱是最伟大的。
He has never spent a happier day before.
他度过了最愉快的一天。
二、6组易混的词义辨析
1．most/mostly/almost
(1)副词most指“最，(程度上)最大”，主要用来构成多音节形容词或副词的最高级，或修饰动词。如：
To tell the truth，this is the most boring book I have ever read.
说实话，这是我读过的最乏味的书。
What did you enjoy most?
你最欣赏的是什么？
(2)副词mostly指“主要地，一般地”，主要用来修饰be动词和介词短语。如：
Lizards live mostly in warm climates.
蜥蜴主要生活在气候温暖的地方。
(3)副词almost指“几乎，差不多”，可与never，no，none，nobody，nowhere等连用，不与not连用。如：
Almost no one came to the party.
几乎没有人来参加聚会。
2．possibly/probably/perhaps/maybe
这几个副词都有“可能”的意思。possibly“或许，可能”，指客观上的可能性，所指的可能性较小，为加强语气，可与can或could连用，与may连用，表示的可能性更小；probably“很可能，几乎肯定”，其语义较强，可能性较大。在否定句中，probably不能紧跟在否定词之后。perhaps“或许”，含有“可能这样，也可能不这样”之意，其含义和用法与maybe一样，多用于口语。maybe多用于美式英语。在这几个单词中，语义最强的是probably，其次是perhaps和maybe，最弱的是possibly。如：
Please call me as soon as you possibly can.
请尽快给我打电话。
Could you possibly tell me the answer?
你能告诉我这个答案吗？
It will probably be fine tomorrow.
明天大概会是晴天。
Probably she won’t come here.(＝She probably won’t come here.)
她大概不会来这里。
Perhaps we’d better take a bus.
也许我们最好乘公共汽车。
3．ago/before
这两个词都可表示“在若干时间以前”。关于ago，应注意两点：(1)用于一般过去时；(2)它所指的时间是从现在算起。关于before，也应注意两点：(1)常用于过去完成时；(2)它所指的时间是从过去某一时刻算起。如：
A short while ago，my sister helped me to carry my old bookcase up the stairs.
片刻之前，我妹妹帮我把我的旧书柜抬上了楼。
That bike was stolen twenty years ago when Ted was a boy of fifteen.
那辆自行车是在20年前当Ted还是个15岁的小伙子时被偷走的。
A short time before，great trees had covered the countryside for miles around.
不久之前，高大的树木覆盖着方圆数英里的乡村。
Last summer，I finally left the firm that I had joined eighteen years before.
去年夏天，我终于离开了从那时算起18年前我进入的那个商行。
4．especially/specially/particularly
especially意为“尤其，特别”，强调“进一步”；specially意为“特别地，专门地”，强调“目的”，一般用在表示目的的不定式或介词for前面；particularly与especially意思相仿，常可通用。如：
Cotton is growing fine，especially in that area.
棉花长得很好，尤其是在那个地区。
It has been especially hot this summer.
今年夏天特别热。
I came here specially to see you.
我特意来这儿看你。
The clothes were made specially for you.
这些衣服是专门为你做的。
I’m particularly fond of pop music.
我对流行音乐特别感兴趣。
5．fairly/quite/rather
(1)rather，quite修饰形容词时，如果后面有一个可数名词，rather，quite可以置于不定冠词前，也可以置于其后。如：
It’s quite/rather a good idea.＝It’s a quite/rather good idea.
那可真是个好主意。
若此结构中没有形容词，则quite和rather只能放在冠词之前。如：
It was quite/rather a success.
那事相当成功。
fairly只能放在冠词之后、形容词之前，如：a fairly heavy rain。
(2)rather和quite可修饰动词，而fairly语气最轻，一般不这样用。如：
I quite agree with you.我完全同意你的意见。
I rather like gardening.我很喜欢园艺。
(3)与too连用或者修饰比较级时，只能用rather。如：
It’s rather warmer today.
今天暖和多了。
The jacket was rather too small for him.
这件夹克他穿太小了。
注意：quite有时也与比较级连用，但通常只限于quite better(身体健康)这一表达中。
(4)修饰不可分级的形容词(如right，wrong，ready，full，empty，perfect，impossible，alone等)通常只用quite，此时quite并不表示“相当”或“很”，而表示“完全”。如：
You’re quite wrong.
你完全错了。
That’s quite impossible.
那完全不可能。
6．aloud/loud/loudly
这三个副词都可以表示“大声地”。aloud强调发出的声音能被听见，意思为“出声地，大声地”，常与read，call等动词连用；loud意为“响亮地，大声地，喧闹地”，侧重发出的音量大，传得远，一般多用来修饰speak，talk，laugh等动词，另外loud还可用作形容词；loudly意为“响亮地”，其基本意义与loud相同，还常与ring，knock等动词连用。loudly放在动词前后均可，含有“喧闹，嘈杂”的意味。如：
Please read the text aloud.
请朗读一下课文。
Speak louder，please，or no one will hear you.
请大声些，否则没人能听见。
Suddenly the bell on the wall rang loudly.
突然，墙上的铃大声地响起来。
三、形容词副词的三种考法
考法1 考查形容词、副词词形变化或词性转换
高考语篇型语法填空对形容词和副词的考查热点集中在形容词和副词的词形变化及词性转换上，而短文改错对其考查点集中在形容词与副词的混用上。如果用来修饰名词或在系动词后作表语应用形容词形式；如果用来修饰形容词、副词、动词或整个句子，则应用副词形式。正确分析句子结构，判断设空处在句中所作的句子成分，并牢记转换形容词和副词的规则及构词法，是解答此类题目的关键。
典例展示1 (2016·全国卷Ⅱ) Recent studies show that we are far more productive at work if we take short breaks ________ (regular)．
答案 regularly
解析 空格处修饰动词短语“take short breaks”，故用副词。故答案为regularly。
典例展示2 (2016·全国卷Ⅰ)Instead, he hopes that his business will grow steady.________
答案 steady→steadily
解析 grow在此是实义动词并非连系动词，应用副词修饰。故steady改为steadily。
考法2 考查形容词、副词的比较等级的用法
对“比较级＋than”以及as...as...结构的考查仍是高考的重点，因此，考生必须熟练掌握原级、比较级和最高级的基本句式。另外，高考对比较级的考查更趋向于从“语句的深层意义”中体会出来，而不是从“结构”中看出来，因此考生需要根据语境判断题干是否暗含比较含义，并且仔细判断是两者之间还是两者以上的比较。
典例展示1 (2016·全国卷Ⅲ)They were also the best and worse years in my life.________
答案 worse→worst
解析 and之前用了best，与之并列也应用最高级，故worse改为worst表示“最糟的”。
典例展示2 (2014·大纲卷)Raymond’s parents wanted him to have ________ (good) possible education.
答案 the best
解析 Raymond的父母想让他尽可能接受最好的教育。根据题干中的possible可推知设空处需用形容词的最高级，故答案为the best。
考法3 考查连接副词的用法
高考常考的连接副词有：though然而，可是(一般用于句末)，therefore(因此；所以)，meanwhile(与此同时，在此期间)，moreover(另外)，however(然而)，besides(另外)，instead(相反)，otherwise(否则)，nevertheless(然而，尽管如此)等。
典例展示1 (2014·安徽高考)It’s our hope that we will play a greater role in the market place and，________，supply more jobs.
答案 therefore
解析 句意：我们希望我们能在市场上发挥更大的作用，这样就能提供更多的工作岗位。根据句意可知前后是逻辑上的因果关系，故答案为therefore。
典例展示2 If what your friend comes up with surprises you，don’t reject it
immediately.________，imagine that it is true.
答案 Rather/Instead
解析 句意：如果你朋友想出来的东西让你感到惊奇，不要立刻就反对。相反地，想象一下它是真的吧。根据句意可知填Rather/Instead。
跟踪训练
考点突破
Ⅰ.单句语法填空
1．It was ________ (consider) of Michael to inform us of his delay in case we got worried.
2．Even though the conference hall is near his apartment，he has to hurry a little if he wants to be________ (punctuality)．
3．Andy is content with the toy.It is the ________ (good) he has ever got.
4．Listening is thus an active，not a ________ (pass)，behavior consisting of hearing，understanding and remembering.
5．The new group of students is better－behaved than the other group who stayed here ________ (early)．
6．It may not be a great suggestion.But before a ________ (good)one is put forward，we’ll make do with it.
7．Most of us，if we know even a little about where our food comes from，understand that every bite put into our mouths was ________ (former) alive.
8．They gave money to the old people’s home either ________ (personal) or through their companies.
9．The girl used to be shy，but is ________ (gradual) getting active in group work and is more willing to express herself.
10．Henry was away from home for quite a bit and ________ saw his family.
Ⅱ.单句改错
1．He used to be extreme shy but now he can talk freely to anyone he meets.________
2．The more he explained, the much confused I became.________
3．Not surprising, the process of choosing names varies widely from culture to culture.________
4．Traffic tools are bad needed during May Day holiday.________
5．When he looked up, he suddenly found himself surrounded by a group of teenagers, who looked at him anxious.________
6．This book isn’t as cheaper as that one.________
7．The Yellow River is the second longer river in China.________
8．Anyway, I’ll get used to living here and hope everything will be more better soon.________
9．At school, all the teachers work very hardly, encouraging us to build up our confidence. ________
10．Remember that three regular meals a day as well as a balance diet is essential for us.________
能力提升
Ⅰ.阅读理解
A
In today’s world，almost everyone knows that air pollution and water pollution are harmful to people’s health.However，not all the persons know that noise is also a kind of pollution，and that is harmful to human health，too.
People who work and live under noisy conditions usually become deaf.Today，however，scientists believe that 10 percent of workers in Britain are being deafened by the noise where they work.Many of the workers who print newspapers and books，and who weave cloth become deaf.Quite a few people living near airports also become deaf.Recently it was discovered that many teenagers in America could hear no better than 65yearold persons，for these young people like to listen to pop music and most of pop music is a kind of noise.Besides，noise produced by jet planes or machines will make people’s life difficult and unpleasant，or even make people ill or even drive them mad.
It is said that a continuous noise of over 85 decibels(分贝) can cause deafness.Now the governments in many countries have made laws to control noise and make it less than 85 decibels.
In China，the government is trying to solve not only air and water pollution problems
but also noise pollution problems.
1．The passage is mainly about ________．
A．air pollution B．water pollution
C．noise pollution D．world pollution
2．According to the passage，a continuous noise of ________ decibels can make people deaf.
A．less than 85 B．less than 65
C．about 65 D．more than 85
3．10 percent of the workers in Britain are being deafened because ________．
A．they are working in noisy places
B．they often listen to pop music
C．they live near airports
D．they are too busy to listen to others’ talk
4．The government of China is trying to reduce ________．
A．only the air pollution
B．only the air and water pollution
C．only the water pollution
D．the air，water and noise pollution
B
Carnival(狂欢节)is considered by some people to be one of the most important national holidays in Brazil.It is not about a big moment in history or a famous person，but it is important for the people because it is a time of friendship，freedom，and many days without work.People can choose between parties and rest.Most people choose parties，day after day，night after night.
It starts forty days before Easter，but it is not recognized by the church.It lasts four days and four nights.People put on their holiday clothes and go out into the streets or to clubs to enjoy themselves together.
There are also samba schools which make a parade showing their music and beautiful cars.They are followed by people.Every year the parade tells a different story，and each city has one or more schools like this.
The carnival，which is celebrated in the south，comes back to normal by Wednesday.The problem is that it is not recognized by the church in the northwest where the carnival is more traditional.There，people do not respect its end and continue to party until the next Sunday.
I like the carnival，but I do not agree that the party should keep going.Like at other popular parties，people drink，dance and have fun.Unfortunately，some people are not very responsible and give it a bad name，leaving a bad impression of this holiday，but it is the only national holiday that brings the whole country and its different people and cultures together.
5．Which of the following is a fact?
A．The carnival is the most interesting holiday in Brazil.
B．The carnival is celebrated to honour a famous person.
C．All of the people enjoy themselves in public places during the carnival.
D．People do not need to work during the carnival in Brazil.
6．From this passage，we can infer that the carnival ________．
A．is very popular with most people in Brazil
B．is the only national holiday in Brazil
C．was given a bad name by southern churches
D．was less traditional than in old days
7．How long will the carnival usually last in the south?
A．Four days and four nights.
B．A whole week.
C．Nine days and eight nights.
D．Forty days.
8．What’s the author’s attitude to the carnival?
A．Objective. B．Negative.
C．Positive. D．Subjective.
Ⅱ.语法填空
Macao is only forty miles from Hongkong and it is easy to reach.You can get there by sea.It is an 1.________ (interest) place and it has a long history.Macao is part
of China and most people living 2.________ are Chinese.
The first Europeans to go to Macao came from Portugal.More than four hundred years 3.________ the Portuguese went there to trade with China.Some settled and made their home there.They 4.________ built churches, school, hospitals and other places.5.________ (slow) the city grew.People from many countries came to live and work in Macao.
Today many people visit Macao.Some only go there to watch dog－racing or motor－racing or to gamble.But Macao is a quiet and 6.________ (peace) place.It is 7.________ (please) just to walk around and look at old building and forts.You feel you are back in the old days.The Church of St.Paul has only the front wall with many steps leading up to it.But it is still interesting to see.
When you are hot and 8.________ (tire), there are small cool gardens to rest in.When you are hungry, there are good restaurants with many kinds of food.9.________ are some islands, which are also nice to visit and are easy to get to.There is 10.________ (certain) a lot to see and to do in Macao.
第4讲 与形容词、副词有关的4个高频考点、
6组易混辨析和2个常见的解题方法
考点突破
Ⅰ.1.considerate 2.punctual 3.earlier 4.passive
5．the best 6.better 7.formerly 8.personally
9．gradually 10.seldom/rarely
Ⅱ.1.extreme→extremely 2.much→more 3.surprising→surprisingly 4.bad→badly 5.anxious→anxiously 6.cheaper→cheap 7.longer→longest
8．去掉more或more→much 9.hardly→hard
10．balance→balanced
能力提升
Ⅰ.1.C
2．D
3．A
4．D
5．D
6．A
7．A
8．A
Ⅱ.1.interesting 2.there 3.ago 4.also 5.Slowly 6.peaceful 7.pleasant 8.tired 9.Nearby 10.certainly
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