10讲 非谓语动词的5种题型设计及3种解题方法
备考指导 非谓语动词是历年高考中考查的最多的一个考点，通常是以单项填空、语法填空、短文改错和书面表达的形式进行考查。解决非谓语动词类题目通常使用的方法有：看是否是考查固定句型中非谓语动词的用法，是否可以运用句子中的某些特定的词来判断，是否可以通过上下语境和时态呼应来判断非谓语动词的形式。
一、非谓语动词的4个易错点
易错点1 非谓语动词的逻辑主语分析不清
在高考英语中，对逻辑主语的考查是很多的，主要是要找到与非谓语动词相对应的逻辑主语，然后根据逻辑主语和该动词的主被动关系来判断所选择的动词形式，如果该动词是逻辑主语主动发出，选择现在分词或不定式，被动承受则选择过去分词，但是具体形式还要根据具体情况判断。
典例展示1 At the beginning of class, the noise of desks ________(open and close) could be heard outside the classroom.
答案 being opened and closed
解析 由句子结构可知，名词desks为opened and closed的逻辑主语，介词of后应接动词－ing形式。桌子应该被开关。
典例展示2 ________ (compare) with others in the world, he found himself a lucky one.
答案 Compared
解析 本句中的compare的逻辑主语是“he”，是compare动作的承受者，故用过去分词作状语，表被动，compare with是固定搭配“与……相比”的意思。
易错点2 谓语与非谓语混淆不清
做此类题的关键是判断考点，先弄清是谓语还是非谓语。在英语中，一句话里一般只有一个谓语动词。若有两个或两个以上的动词且有连词连接，则必须用谓语形式；若无连词连接，则必须用非谓语形式。
典例展示1 (2016·全国卷Ⅰ)My ambassadorial duties will include ________ (introduce) British visitors to the 120－plus pandas at Chengdu and others at a research centre in the misty mountains of Bifengxia.
答案 introducing
解析 分析句子结构可知，该空所在的句子已经有谓语动词will include，且空处与will
include不作并列谓语，故空处应填非谓语动词。此处用动名词作include的宾语。故答案为introducing。
典例展示2 (2016·全国卷Ⅱ)We can choose between staying at home and take a trip.________
答案 take→taking
解析 between ... and ...“在……和……之间”，是固定结构。and前后连接的是并列成分。and前用了动名词staying，and后也应用动名词，故把take改为taking。
易错点3 非谓语动词中的语态问题
高考英语的考题设置往往会针对某些规律之外的特殊现象，所以考生备考应留心规律性的东西，更不能忽略需特别注意的问题，因为非谓语动词的判断往往和语态有关，对于一些主被动问题应特别注意，比如一类常用主动表被动的词，如weigh, sell, measure, wash，以及一些感官动词等。
典例展示1 —Do you have anything more ________ (type), sir?
—No. You can have a rest or do something else.
答案 to be typed
解析 句意：——先生，你还有什么东西需要打印吗？——没有了，你可以休息一下或做点其他事情。
典例展示2 —Would you like to come to my birthday party this evening?
—I’d like to. But I have an important report ________ (prepare)．
答案 to prepare
解析 根据句意，第二句中的主语是动作的主动发出者，且该动作还未发生，所以应选择不定式的主动形式。句意：——你愿意今晚参加我的生日聚会吗？——我愿意，可我有个重要报告要准备。
易错点4 独立主格结构
做此类题目首先要找非谓语动词的逻辑主语，一旦确定其逻辑主语不是主句的主语，则确定判断其与真正的逻辑主语之间的主被动关系以及时态先后，最终确定答案。
典例展示1 His lecture ________ (give), a lively question－and－answer session followed.
答案 having been given
解析 本句状语从句有其独立的主语
lecture，根据时间先后顺序判断“演讲”已结束，故选择现在分词的完成形式。句意：他的演讲结束后，将是一个现场问答部分。
典例展示2 The children went home from the grammar school, their lessons ________ (finish) for the day.
答案 finished
解析 由于动词finish与their lessons之间为动宾关系。又由于逗号前后的两部分之间没有连接词，故横线处不可能是谓语动词。此处是独立主格的一种用法，表示被动和完成。
二、学会3个解题方法
方法1 正确判断非谓语动词
句子按结构分为三类，即简单句、并列句和复合句。并列句和复合句都需要连词来引导，如果句子中出现了连词，应选谓语动词形式，如果两个结构中未出现连词，则考虑用非谓语动词。
典例展示 (2013·陕西高考)Felt hungry, we built a fire by the lake and barbecued the fish.________
答案 Felt→Feeling
解析 根据句子的结构可知，两个结构间没有连词，确定用非谓语动词，feel与we之间为主谓关系，应用现在分词作状语。故Felt改为Feeling。
方法2 正确判断非谓语动词和逻辑主语之间的关系
确定要选非谓语动词之后，第二步要分析其逻辑主语。非谓语动词虽不能作谓语，但仍具有动词特点，其逻辑上的动作执行者就叫做逻辑主语。判断非谓语动词与逻辑主语的关系是主动还是被动。非谓语动词作状语时，其逻辑主语须和句子的真正主语一致，找不到其逻辑主语时，整个句子或句子的主语就是非谓语动词的逻辑主语。正确判断非谓语动词与其逻辑主语之间的关系是正确选择非谓语动词形式的保证，不管是做什么成分的非谓语动词都体现以下特点：
1．如果非谓语动词与其逻辑主语之间是主谓关系，可用现在分词；
2．如果非谓语动词与其逻辑主语之间是动宾关系，可用过去分词。
典例展示 Mary will never forget the first time she saw him. He suddenly appeared in class one day, ________ (wear) sun glasses.
答案 wearing
解析 因句中已有谓语动词appeared，动词wear前又没有并列连词，即wear不是并列谓语，它应是非谓语动词，作状语， 表示伴随情况；
又因he与wear是主动关系，故用现在分词。
方法3 正确判断非谓语动词和谓语动词发生的时间先后顺序
非谓语动词具备动词的一些特点，也可以有动作发
生的时间，对于谓语动词，我们用时态来表示动作发生的时间；对于非谓语动词不能用时态来表示动作发生的时间问题。非谓语动词所表示的时间是一个相对时间，即相对于谓语动词的时间而言。同时也需要了解非谓语动词的不同形式所指时间的含义。如to have done，having done表示该动作在谓语动作之前发生；to be doing，doing强调与谓语动词的动作同时发生。
典例展示 All flights ________ (cancel) owing to the heavy fog, many passengers could do nothing but take trains.
答案 having been cancelled
解析 句意：由于大雾，所有的航班都被取消了，很多乘客只能乘坐火车。句中没有连词，而且两部分之间是逗号，由此判断是独立主格形式，即：名词或代词＋ to do / doing /done。根据句意可知航班被取消发生在主句谓语动词之前，应该用非谓语的完成式。
跟踪训练
考点突破
Ⅰ.用所给动词的适当形式填空
1．The next thing he saw the smoke ________(rise) from behind the house.
2．The island，________(join) to the mainland by a bridge，is easy to go to.
3．It’s important for the figures ________________(update) regularly.
4．Sit down，Emma.You will only make yourself more tired，________(keep) on your feet.
5．It’s no use ________(complain) without taking action.
6．The rare fish，________(save) from the cooking pot，has been returned to the sea.
7．At one point I made up my mind to talk to Uncle Sam.Then I changed my mind，________(realize) that he could do nothing to help.
8．Today we have chat rooms，text messaging，emailing but we seem ________________(lose) the art of communicating facetoface.
9．Look over there—there’s a very long，winding path ________(lead) up to the
house.
10．On receiving a phone call from his wife ________(say) she had a fall，Mr.Gordon immediately rushed home from office.
11．Recently a survey ________(compare) prices of the same goods in two different supermarkets has caused heated debate among citizens.
12．Tom asked the candy makers if they could make the chocolate easier ________(break) into small pieces.
13．Even the best writers sometimes find themselves ________(lose) for words.
14．If they win the final tonight，the team are going to tour around the city ________________(cheer) by their enthusiastic supporters.
15．Tsinghua University，________(found) in 1911，is home to a great number of outstanding figures.
Ⅱ.单句改错
1．Tired from work, he wants to do nothing but to watch TV.________
2．At present, I have no choice but wait.________
3．You feel stressed out. Why not having a chat with our teachers？________
4．Sit beside me, my beloved daughter gave me a vivid description of what she experienced in her dream.________
5．We were kept to waiting for quite a long time before the host turned up.________
6．On the Dragon Boat Festival, we saw the seashore crowded with people watched the dragon boat race.________
7．It is no good copy the answer without trying to understand it.________
8．Exhausting, I slid into bed and fell fast asleep.________
9．Keep in refrigerator, these vegetables will remain fresh.________
10．We hear it say frequently that what now people most desire is security.________
能力提升
Ⅰ.阅读理解
Staying healthy is important，but many people neglect(忽视) their health because they don’t think they have the time to look after it.It’s not just a time issue; people think it is boring to spend time on their health.In reality，you can do some
simple things to get healthier and have fun.
There are some fun things that hardly seem like they are for keeping you healthy at all，but they do help.The first thing you can do，believe it or not，is singing.Singing improves your oxygen(氧气) flow，which in turn is good for your skin and immune system.It’s also good for your brain.Another feelgood and healthimproving activity is laughing.You can watch a funny movie.Laughing is a healthy way to reduce stress and pain，improve brain function，lower blood pressure and protect the heart.
Laughing and singing might go together，but for something completely normal that you do every day，you should eat to stay healthy.It is unhealthy not to eat breakfast or try to work on an empty stomach.You can eat some fruit or other healthy snacks instead of missing a meal.
Exercise is important to stay healthy，but it often feels more like work than fun.One thing you can do to have more fun is attend a dance class.Dancing in a safe environment is good exercise as well as fun.Taking classes in kung fu can be a lot of fun as well.Kung fu can be a great way to lose weight，but you should probably consult your doctor before starting if you are in bad health or very overweight.
1．According to the text，many people neglect their health because they ________．
A．think they are healthy enough
B．are too tired to consider staying healthy
C．don’t think they can spare the time to stay healthy
D．think it will cost too much money to keep healthy
2．How many ways of staying healthy are mentioned in the passage besides exercise?
A．Two. B．Three. C．Four. D．Five.
3．The underlined word “consult” in Paragraph 4 probably means “________”．
A．ask somebody for advice
B．have an interview with
C．take somebody into consideration
D．keep in touch with
4．What would be the best title for this text?
A．What to eat to stay healthy
B．Fun ways to stay healthy
C．How to make life more interesting
D．Different fun exercises
B
For many students，the joy of graduating from college is quickly replaced by the pressure of trying to find a job.Many new graduates think they lack the skills required in companies because they lack working experience.
Students don’t think about what skills they developed during their college years over and above what’s on their transcripts(成绩单)．Colleges also provide “soft skills” that many employers require.
Students have the ability at 2 am to write a paper while messaging their friends and watching TV.And that’s a skill which can make employees manage tight schedules effectively.The ability to function on four or five hours of sleep and work late to complete a project is particularly useful in industries like consulting，banking，law and technology.In the consulting world，you’re going to travel a lot，and it’s different from a nine to five job.The fact that applicants are OK with that is very helpful.
Recent students also tend to have more knowledge on technology than general people，so it takes less time for them to learn to use technological equipment.A survey found 30% people of 18－21 years old agreed that they tried to keep up with the latest styles and trended for electronic products，compared with 18% of 45－54 years old and 15% of 55 years old and older.
Students also frequently work on group projects in school，learning skills like teamwork and conflict resolution in the process.Living in schools can help prepare graduates to work with people of different genders，races and nationalities.Students have much broader vision than many working professionals.
These skills and experiences come so naturally to students that many of them forget to bring them up in job interviews.The recruiters(招聘者) may not know you have these
experiences and abilities.Sharing them frankly will help set you apart from others who are being interviewed.
5．Which of the following is NOT included in “soft skills”？
A．Managing tight schedules effectively.
B．Learning how to use technological equipment faster than general people.
C．Having much broader vision than many working professionals.
D．Having more working experience than other employees.
6．If you can manage your tight schedules effectively，you can work as a ________．
A．lawyer B．worker
C．doctor D．cook
7．Why do many graduates think they lack the skills required in companies?
A．Because they haven’t been trained in college.
B．Because they have no chance to learn these skills in college.
C．Because their skills come so naturally that they don’t realize their value.
D．Because they don’t know what skills the companies require.
8．The writer writes this passage to encourage students to be ________ in job interviews.
A．patient B．careful
C．confident D．honest
Ⅱ.语法填空
A
There is no doubt that the 21st century will be marked by a burst of new science and technology.Yet，the technology such as 1.________ (clone) and the Internet fills everyone’s heart with delight as well as awe.
Future development of science and technology will bring us with it both benefits and problems.2.________ (be) sure，we human beings will enjoy the fruit of 3.________ (advance) science and technology.Considering the case of cloning，it opens up many 4.________ (excite) possibilities，from saving 5.________ (endanger) animal species to 6.________ (produce) organs for transplant patients.Nevertheless，new science
and technology will create a great challenge to all members of society as well.Furthermore，severe air pollution 7.________ (bring) on by the wide use of modern technology will constitute a threat to human survival.
In my judgment，however，such problems and dangers will be outweighed by solutions and opportunities 8.________ (offer) by the development of science and technology，and 9.________ (balance) by human beings 10.________ (take) corrective action.
B
Freud was one of the first scientists 1.________ (make)serious research of the mind. The mind is the collection of activities 2.________(base) in the brain that involve how we act, think, feel and reason.
He used long talks with patients and the study of dreams 3.________(search) for the causes of mental and emotional problems. He also tried hypnosis(催眠). He wanted to see if 4.________(put)patients into a sleep－like condition would help ease 5.________(trouble) minds. In most cases he found the effects only temporary.
Freud worked hard, although what he did might sound easy. His method involved 6.________ (sit) with his patients and 7.________(listen)to them talk. He had them 8.________(talk)about whatever they were thinking. All ideas, thoughts and anything that entered their mind had to 9.________(express). There could be no 10.________(hold)back because of fear or guilt.
第10讲 非谓语动词的5种题型设计及3种解题方法
考点突破
Ⅰ.1.rising 2.joined 3.to be updated 4.keeping
5．complaining 6.saved 7.realizing 8.to be losing
9．leading 10.saying 11.comparing 12.broken
13．lost 14.to be cheered 15.founded
Ⅱ.1.把but后面的to去掉 2.but后加to 3.having→have 4.sit→sitting 5.去掉waiting前的to
6．watched→watching 7.copy→copying
8．Exhausting→Exhausted 9.Keep→Kept
10．say→said
能力提升
Ⅰ.1.C
2．B
3．A
4．B
5．D
6．A
7．C
8．C
Ⅱ.A 1.cloning 2.To be 3.advanced 4.exciting
5．endangered 6.producing 7.brought 8.offered
9．balanced 10.to take
B 1.to make 2.based 3.to search 4.putting 5.trouble 6.sitting 7.listening 8.talk
9．be expressed 10.holding
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