专题二
副词和形容词
考向预测
形容词是英语中较为复杂的一种词类，涉及的面比较广。同时形容词的形式变化灵活，如有原级、比较级和最高级等，而且用法比较复杂。备考2019年高考，应注意以下几点：形容词的辨析，形容词的原级、比较级和最高级，以及一些特别重要的固定句型结构，同时要注意多个形容词修饰名词时的排列顺序等。
高考中对于副词的考查不是单纯地进行语法要点的考查，而是要通过具体的语境来进行分析和判断。2019年高考对于副词的考查主要会出现在：副词的近义词的辨析；关于副词的原级、比较级和最高级的句型；同根不同形的副词；常考副词的辨析；比较级前的修饰语等。
知识与技巧的梳理
形容词和副词主要以单项填空、语法填空、短文改错形式进行考查，考查的主要形式是形容词和副词之间的相互转化。
考点1 形容词、副词的比较等级
1.形容词或副词的as...as结构
两者相比，当A=B时，用“as+adj/adv.原级+as”来表示。
如：Jack runs as fast as Tom.杰克和汤姆跑得一样快。
双方相比，当A≠B，或指A的程度较低时，用“not as/so+adj. /adv.原级+as”表示。
如：He does not work as/so hard as his sister.他不如他妹妹学习努力。
2.形容词或副词的比较级+than
当双方比较，A>B时，用“比较级+than”结构。
当A不及B的程度时，用“less+adj. /adv.原级+than”的结构。
如：①Blood is thicker than water. 血浓于水。
②Health is better than wealth. 健康胜过财富。
3．表示双方相比，一方超过另一方，并强调超出的程度和数量时，可在比较级前加表示程度的状语，如：even，much，very much，still，any，a lot，a bit，a little，far，yet，by far，a great deal，twice，three times，rather，slightly等，而very，quite，so，fairly等词不可修饰形容词或副词的比较级
如：A car runs a great deal faster than a truck．小汽车比卡车快得多。
4．“the+比较级，the+比较级”结构表示“越……越……”
The more tickets you sell，the more money you will get．你卖的票越多，你得到的钱就会越多。
5．比较级表示最高级含义
(1)比较级+than any other+可数名词单数。如：
The Changjiang River is longer than any other river in China．在中国，长江比其他任何一条河流都长。
⑵比较级+than all(the)other+可数名词复数。如:
China is larger than all the other Asian countries.中国比亚洲的其他国家都大。
(3) no/never/nothing...+比较级。如：
Nothing is more valuable than time.时间比任何东西都珍贵。
【典例】
It may not be a great suggestion. But before ________ is put forward, we’ll make do with it.
A．a good one B．a better one
C．the best one D．a best one
【答案】B
【解题思路】句意：它或许不是一个好建议，但在更好的建议被提出之前，我们先凑合一下。此处暗含比较，表示“一条更好的建议”，是泛指，故选B。
考点2 形容词作定语时的位置
1．通常置于所修饰的词之前，但不定代词的定语通常在后面。如：
Someone strange is asking to see you.
Something unexpected happened and we had to make some changes to our plan.
2．else常放在不定代词和疑问代词后面作定语。如：
No one else can answer the question.
3．多个形容词作定语时的词序为：大小、长短、高低形状/年龄、新旧颜色/来源、国籍、地区、出处/材料/用途。如：
an expensive Japanese sports car, those three beautiful large square old brown wood table.
考点3 形容词、副词的辨析
1．形容词主要用来修饰名词，也可修饰something，nothing等不定代词，在句中作定语、表语、宾语补足语或状语。作状语时表示伴随、原因等，或是对主语进行解释，可以看成是“being+形容词”，位于句首、句中或句尾，表示伴随时通常用逗号与其他成分隔开
①He lay in bed，wide awake．他躺在床上，完全清醒。
②He went to bed，cold and hungry．他上床睡觉，又冷又饿。
2．副词主要用作状语，修饰动词、形容词、从句或整个句子。修饰整个句子时，可置于句首、句中或句尾
Fortunately，he escaped from the fire．他幸运地从大火中逃了出来。
3. 有些副词有两种形式，其中一种形式与形容词形式相同，另一种是在形容词后加ly。这两种形式的副词在意义上有所不同:不带ly的副词往往表示的是具体概念，也就是词的本义； 加ly的往往表示抽象概念(也就是词的引申义close接近(指距离) closely仔细地，密切地; free免费freely自由地，自如地；deep深的；deeply深刻地，深入地；wide充分（张开）的，宽阔的widely广泛地；high高的highly高度地，非常；late迟，晚lately最近，近来；near邻近的nearly几乎；most最mostly主要地。如：
He jumped that high in the sports meeting in our school and is highly thought of by his classmates.他在我们学校运动会上跳得那么高，贏得了同学们的高度赞扬。
【典例】
The Forbidden City attracts a ________ stream of visitors every day, especially during national holidays.
A．constant B．main
C．powerful D．shallow
【答案】A
【解题思路】句意：紫禁城每天都吸引着络绎不绝的游客，特别是在国庆节期间。A constant stream of visitors表示“络绎不绝的游客”。Constant“持续不断的”，符合句意。Main“主要的”；powerful“强有力的”；shallow“浅的”。
考点4 倍数表达法
1．A is＋倍数＋比较级＋than＋B
2．A is＋倍数＋as＋原级＋as＋B
3．A is＋倍数＋the＋名词(size，length，height等)＋of＋B
4．the＋名词(size，length，height等)＋of A is＋倍数＋that＋of＋B
5．A is＋倍数＋what引导的名词性从句
如：长江是珠江的三倍长。(一句多译)
①The Yangtze River is twice longer than the Pearl River.
②The Yangtze River is three times as long as the Pearl River.
③The Yangtze River is three times the length of the Pearl River.
④The length of the Yangtze River is three times that of the Pearl River.
【典例】
This restaurant wasn’t ________ that other restaurant we went to.
A．half as good as B．as half good as
C．as good as half D．good as half as
【答案】A
【解题思路】句意：这家餐馆还没有我们去过的其他餐馆的一半好呢。本题为倍数表达法之一：倍数＋as＋adj.原级＋as＋比较成分。
限时训练
（45分钟）
经典常规题
一、语法填空
1.【2018·全国I】According to a review of evidence in a medical journal, runners live three years ___ ___(long) than non-runners.
【答案】 longer
【解题思路】考察副词的比较级。医学报告显示，经常跑步的人比不跑步的人多活3年，根据题目中的than可知此时应用到比较级。故填longer。
2.【2018·全国II】A taste for meat is ___ ___ (actual) behind the change。
【答案】 actually
【解题思路】考查副词。句意：对肉的需求实际上是这种变化的背后原因。句子结构完整，用副词修饰句子。故填actually。
3.【2018·全国III】___ ___(loud)of all. The noise shakes the trees as the male beats his chest and charges toward me.
【答案】 loudest
【解题思路】考察最高级。根据后面的of all 可知，他的声音最大，所以用最高级loudest。
4.【2018·浙江】There could be an even ___ __ (high) cost on your health.
【答案】 higher
【解题思路】考查形容词比较级。此处修饰名词cost用形容词，由even表示程度修饰比较级，故填higher。
5.【2017·全国卷I】Even ________ (bad), the amount of fast food that people eat goes up.
【答案】worse
【解题思路】考查比较级。更糟糕的是，人们所吃的快餐的数量增加了。故填worse。
6.【2017·全国卷I】However, be ________ (care) not to go to extremes.
【答案】 careful
【解题思路】考查形容词。分析语境可知be后面应该用形容词作表语，故填careful。
7.【2017·全国卷II】Steam engines ________ (use) to pull the carriages and it must have been ________ (fair) unpleasant for the passengers, with all the smoke and noise.
【答案】 were used; fairly
【解题思路】
考查动词语态。蒸汽机(注意复数名词形式)被用来作为火车动力。
考查副词。副词修饰形容词。
8.【2017·全国卷II】The Central London Railway was one of the most ________ (success) of these new lines, and was opened in 1900. It had whitepainted tunnels and bright red carriages, and proved extremely popular with the public.
【答案】 successful
【解题思路】考查形容词。形容词与定冠词连用，相当于名词，由于该词后有介词of结构，故只能用形容词。
9.【2017·全国卷III】It is ________ (certain) fun but the lifestyle is a little unreal. I don’t want to have nothing else to fall back on when I can’t model any more.”
【答案】 certainly
【解题思路】考查副词。certainly在此处修饰形容词fun。
10.【2017·浙江卷6月考】But something made her look closer, and she noticed a ________ (shine) object. Yes, there beneath the leafy top of one tiny carrot was her longlost wedding ring.
【答案】 shiny/shining
【解题思路】考查形容词。此处根据下文的object可知，需用形容词作定语，故填shiny或shining。
11.【2017·浙江卷6月考】Sixteen years ________ (early), Pahlsson had removed the diamond ring ________ (cook) a meal.
【答案】earlier; to cook
【解题思路】
考查比较级。此处语意表示“16年前”，故填earlier。
考查不定式。此处不定式表示目的。语境为“取下戒指来做饭”，故填to cook。
12.【2016·全国新课标I】The title will be ________(official) given to me at a ceremony in London.
【答案】 officially
【解题思路】考查副词。修饰动词用副词形式。
13.【2016·全国新课标III】Food in small pieces could be eaten easily with twigs which (gradual) turned into chopsticks.
【答案】 gradually
【解题思路】考查副词。副词修饰动词或形容词，这里修饰动词短语“turned into”，应该用副词，故填gradually。
14.【2016·上海】Up to a certain point, the more stress you are under, the __________(good) your performance will
be.
【答案】 better
【解题思路】考查固定句式“the+比较级.....， the+比较级”意为“越....就越.....”。本句句意：就某种程度而言，你承受的压力越大，你的表现就会越好。所以本空使用good的比较级形式better.
15.【2016·四川】Chinese scientists (recent) had a chance to study a wild female panda with a newborn baby. She was a very (care)mother.
【答案】recently; caring/careful
【解题思路】
副词修饰动词，故填recently。
此处是现在分词或形容词作定语，放在名词前面，故填caring/careful。
二、句子改错
1.【2018·全国I】I felt happily that their life had improved.
【答案】happily改成happy
【解题思路】考查形容词作表语。他们的生活有了很大提高，我感到很高兴。此处形容词作表语，故将happily改成happy。
2.【2018·全国III】I was afraid that to speak in front of a larger group of people.
【答案】larger改为large
【解题思路】考察形容词。句意：我不敢在一大群人面前说话。这里没有比较的意思，故把larger改为large。
3.【2018·全国III】Immediate, I raised my hand.
【答案】immediate改为immediately。
【解题思路】考查副词。此处要用副词在句中做状语修饰整个句子，故把immediate改为immediately。
4.【2017·全国卷I】A few minutes late, the instructor asked me to stop the car. It was a relief and I came to a suddenly stop just in the middle on the road.（共有2处错误）
【答案】 late改为later; suddenly改为sudden
【解题思路】考查副词。
作形容词的时候，later是late的比较级，如：Their deadline is quite late. Ours is even later. 他们的截止日期很迟，我们的更迟。作副词的时候，late意为“迟”；later意为“稍后，随后”。句意：几分钟之后……。故将late改为later。
考查形容词。“我”紧急刹车。suddenly是副词，表示“意外地，忽然地”。 sudden为形容词，表示“突然的，迅速的”，修饰名词stop。a sudden stop表示“急刹车”。故将suddenly改为sudden。
5.【2017·全国卷II】 In their spare time，they are interesting in planting vegetables in their garden，that is on the
rooftop of their house. They often get up earlier and water the vegetables together.（共有3处错误）
【答案】 interesting改为interested; that改为which; earlier改为early
【解题思路】考查形容词用法。他们对种菜感兴趣;
考查定语从句。该处前有逗号，后句为非限制性定语从句，故用which;
考查副词的用法。此处无比较对象，用原级表示“起得早”。
6.【2017·全国卷III】I enjoyed studying difference kinds of cars and planes，playing pop music，and collecting the late music albums.（共有2处错误）
【答案】 difference→ different; late→ latest
【解题思路】考查词形转换。修饰名词“kinds”用形容词; 考查形容词最高级。根据句意“收集最新的唱片”可知需要用最高级。
7.【2016·全国新课标I】Instead, he hopes that our business will grow steady.
【答案】 stead→ steadily
【解题思路】考查副词。根据句意可知此处grow是实意动词，意思是 “增长”，不是系动词，故用副词修饰。
8.【2016·四川】The dishes what I cooked were Mom’s favoritiest.
【答案】 favoritest→ favorite
【解题思路】 “favorite”本身就是“最喜欢”，故把favoritest改为 favorite。
高频易错题
语法填空
【2018届辽宁省六校协作体高三上学期期中考试】In recent years, learning Chinese ____41____ (become) popular among people around the world. Last month, I received an email from my cousin Jack in Canada. He said he was enthusiastic___42___Chinese, and asked me to find him some books___43___(intend) for Chinese beginners. I was very pleased to do____44____ a favor. So I went from one bookstore to____45____, hoping to find something suitable for him. ___46___（final） I selected a set of Chinese textbooks among ___47___(vary) similar ones. Then I went to a post office to have them delivered by air without delay. Several days later, I received Jack’s email,___48___(say) that he really appreciated the books I had sent. I’m very glad that Jack is beginning to learn Chinese just like many other ____49____(foreign) abroad, ___50___I know it may be an enjoyable challenge for him.
【语篇解析】本文为记叙文。近年来，学习汉语成了全世界上很流行的事情。上个月，我远在加拿大的表弟写信让我给买汉语书籍，打算开始学汉语。我转了好多家书店才找到，然后给他寄了过去。尽管我知道那可能对他来说是一个挑战，但我真的很高兴他开始和其他外国人一样学汉语了。
41. 【答案】 has become
【解题思路】考查动词。根据前面时间状语in recent years判断句子应该用现在完成时，动名词作主语
，根据主谓一致的原则，填has become。
42. 【答案】 about/over
【解题思路】句意：他说他对汉语充满热情。可知答案为about/over。
43. 【答案】 intended
【解题思路】考查非谓语动词。从结构可知此处是形容词短语做后置定语修饰名词books，be intended for“为….设计的，或者打算的”，填形容词intended。
44. 【答案】him
【解题思路】句意：我很高兴帮助他。do sb. a favor给某人以恩惠，帮助某人。可知答案为him。
45. 【答案】another
【解题思路】考查不定代词。固定短语：from one ……to another “从一个….到另一个”，填another。句意：于是我从一家书店到另一家书店。
46. 【答案】 Finally
【解题思路】考查副词。根据上文内容可知作者一家书店挨一家书店地去找书，所以此处表示终于、最终的意思，填Finally。
47. 【答案】various
【解题思路】 句意：在各种各样的相似的汉语课本中。形容词修饰名词，答案为various。
48. 【答案】saying
【解题思路】考查非谓语动词。从结构分析此处是分词做状语，表示伴随情况。动词say和主语I之间是主动关系，应该用现在分词，填saying。
49. 【答案】foreigners
【解题思路】句意：像很多其他的外国人一样。用名词复数形式，答案为foreigners。
50. 【答案】but
【解题思路】考查并列连词。根据句意可知前后句内容是转折关系。句意：尽管我知道那可能对他来说是一个挑战，但我真的很高兴他开始和其他外国人一样学汉语了。可知答案为but。
精准预测题
一、语法填空
【山东省莱芜市2018届高三上学期期中考试】 A motto is a sentence or a phrase which can inspire us especially when we are ___61___ (face) with difficulties. Many of us use well-know ___62___ (say) as mottos, such as “Where there is a will, there is a way.” Or “nothing is difficult if you put your heart into it.”, and so on. My motto is “God helps those who help___63___”. Sometimes I am lazy ___64___ don’t want to make efforts to work hard, but the moment I think of my motto I will get___65___(energy) again and devote myself to what I am doing. I write my
motto ___66___ I can see it easily. Every time I fail in my exam and begin to lose heart, the sight of my motto inspires me ___67___ much confidence. My motto also makes me become an ___68___ (dependent) person. That is to say, I won’t rely on others ___69___ (easy). My friends, what is your motto? If you still haven’t got a motto, please choose ___60___ because a motto can have a great effect on you.
【语篇解析】本文为记叙文，主要讲了座右铭对作者的影响，并且作者建议没有座右铭的朋友们也要选择一个座右铭来激励自己学习和生活。
61.【答案】faced
【解题思路】考查固定短语。 be faced with面对，是固定短语，所以填faced。
62. 【答案】sayings
【解题思路】考查名词。我们中的许多人都用众所周知的谚语作为座右铭。作句子宾语用名词，且“众所周知的谚语”是复数意义，所以这里应该使用名词复数，填sayings。
63. 【答案】themselves
【解题思路】考查谚语。“God helps those who help themselves.” 自助者，天必助之，是一句谚语，所以填themselves。
64. 【答案】and
【解题思路】考查连词。有时候我懒惰了，并且不想努力学习了。“懒惰了”与“不想努力学习了” 之间是并列关系，填and。
65. 【答案】energetic
【解题思路】考查固定结构。get+形容词(get是连系动词)，所以填energetic。
66. 【答案】where
【解题思路】考查地点状语从句。我将座右铭写在我很容易看见的地方。所以填where。
67. 【答案】with
【解题思路】考查固定短语。with much confidence很有信心, 是固定短语，所以填with。
68. 【答案】independent
【解题思路】考查形容词。我的座右铭使我成为了一个独立的人。修饰名词，用形容词，所以填independent。
69. 【答案】easily
【解题思路】考查副词。修饰动词短语rely on，用副词，所以填easily。
70. 【答案】one
【解题思路】考查语义理解。如果你还没有座右铭，请选择一个。所以填one。
二、短文改错
Square dancing has been more and more popular with the elderly as their living conditions improve. Most people
thought it can help people take regularly exercise and strengthen their fitness. Besides, it provides people more chances
to take activity outdoors. However, some people argue that the music is very noisy, that disturbs the surrounding citizens’
normal life. Also, be exposed to such loud noise may do a harm to their health in the long run.
In my opinion, square dancing is a good form of exercise, so dancers should take our neighbors’ needs into
consideration. If they choose a right time and turn down the music, it will cause fewer trouble for others.
【答案】
51. thought →think
52. regularly →regular
53. 第三句people后加with
54. activity →activities
55. 第四句第二个that →which
56. 第五句be→ being
57. harm前去掉a
58. so →but
59. our→ their
60. few → less
【解题思路】本文为说明文，讲述了广场舞的优缺点，并且针对缺点提出自己的建议。
51. 时态用法错误。根据全文可知，这里用一般现在时。句意：大多数人认为它能够帮助人们有规律的锻炼。故将thought改为think。
52. 词性用法错误。形容词修饰名词exercise。句意：大多数人认为它能够帮助人们有规律的锻炼。故将regularly改为regular。
53. 动词用法错误。动词provide用法为provide sb. with sth.。句意：此外，它为人们提供了更多户外活动的机会。故在people后加with。
54. 名词用法错误。名词activity为可数名词，故需要用复数形式。句意：它为人们提供了更多户外活动的机会。故将activity改为activities。
55. 定语从句用法错误。这里是一个非限定性定语从句，后只能用which引导。句意：有些人认为，音乐很吵，扰乱周围居民正常生活。故将that改为which。
56. 非谓语动词用法错误。动名词作主语。句意：长时间接触这样大的噪音会对他们的健康有害。故将be改为being。
57. 短语用法错误。短语 do harm to对……有害。句意：在我看来，广场舞是一种很好的运动方式。故harm前去掉a。
58. 连词用法错误。根据前后句之间关系，这里为转折关系。句意：但是，跳舞的人应该考虑到他们邻居的需求。故将so改为but。
59. 代词用法错误。这里指跳广场舞人的邻居，故用第三人称。句意：但是，跳舞的人应该考虑到他们邻居的需求。故将our改为their。
60. 形容词用法错误。因为名词trouble是不可数名词，故用less修饰。句意：这会给别人带来更少的麻烦。故将few改为less。
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