题型三 阅读理解
时间：8～10分钟/篇 分值：2分/小题
Passage 1(2018黄冈)
One day, Mr. Li was reading a book in his office after school. To his surprise, a ball flew in suddenly and hurt him on the head. He took the ball to the window, but he only saw a group of boy students running away quickly and disappearing in a minute. He sat down again and continued his reading. As it got dark, it was time for him to leave for home. Looking at the ball, he wondered what to do with it. He knew the owner of the ball must be nearby and wished to get it back. He went downstairs and walked to the playground. It was at the center of the playground that he placed the ball with a piece of paper, on which he wrote “Be careful next time！”. Then he walked away.
The next morning, as Mr. Li opened the office door, he found the same piece of paper on the floor. Some words were added after his words: “Thank you for your kindness. Anyway, you are a clever fellow.”
( )1. What happened while Mr. Li was reading in his office?
A. The window was broken by a ball.
B. A ball hurt him on the head.
C. A ball hit the window.
D. The door was broken by a ball.
( )2. Why did the owner of the ball run away quickly?
A. He was afraid of Mr. Li.
B. He wanted to get the ball back.
C. He wanted to go home.
D. He went to look for the ball.
( )3. How did Mr. Li deal with the ball?
A. He took it home.
B. He put it in his office.
C. He put it back on the playground.
D. He had no idea about it.
( )4. According to the passage, we can know that ________．
A. Mr. Li is interested in reading
B. Mr. Li is too hard on his students
C. Mr. Li is good at playing sports
D. Mr. Li is a clever teacher with kindness
Passage 2(2018安徽)
While many young people were enjoying the summer vacation, Zach Bonner was working his hardest. Zach started walking from Valrico, Florida, his hometown, on Christmas, 2009. He reached Los Angeles nine months later in September, 2010. He covered a total of 2，478 miles and raised $120，000 for kids in need. Along the way, Zach attended school online. His mother, brother and sister took turns to walk or drive together with him.
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Although he is very young, Zach has a long history of helping others. When a terrible storm hit town in 2004, Zach, when six, pulled a wagon(小推车)through his community and collected food for people in need.
He has raised $400，000 for his Little Red Wagon Foundation since then. It gives money to projects which help homeless children. In 2007, Zach began walking to support a children's charity(慈善组织)in Tampa, Florida. He finished his journey 23 days later, 280 miles away in Tallahassee. Then in the summer of 2009, he trekked about 670 miles from Atlanta to Washington, D．C., in just two months.
“As long as there are homeless kids, I will never stop walking for them.” Zach says.
( )1. What did Zach do during the summer vacation in 2010?
A. He stayed at home to look after his family.
B. He travelled to his hometown with his family.
C. He joined in a school activity with other kids.
D. He walked to collect money for kids in need.
( )2. We can learn from Paragraph 2 that Zach________．
A. began to help people at a very early age
B. made money to pay for his education
C. enjoyed playing around in his community
D. worked very hard for his family
( )3. At what age did Zach start walking to support a Tampa children's charity?
A. At six. B. At nine. C. At eleven. D. At twelve.
( )4. The underlined word “trekked” in Paragraph 3 probably means “________”．
A. 延伸 B. 挖掘 C. 跋涉 D. 飞行
( )5. Which of the following best describes Zach?
A. Friendly and shy. B. Silly but lovely.
C. Kind and helpful. D. Clever but lazy.
Passage 3(2018 北京)
From Nobody to Somebody
Brian was a funny student. He loved watching comedies(喜剧)best and hoped to become a comedy actor one day.
When he heard about the talent show to be held at his school, Brian decided to take part in. He had never acted on stage(舞台)before, and he was very excited. But some students laughed at him. “You are not funny but silly，” Ken, one of his classmates, said to his face. “No one will like what you do，” another boy also said to him, loudly.
Brian couldn't understand why they were so unkind to him. For a moment, he thought about giving up the show. But he remembered how much his friends liked his jokes,
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and also his teachers said he was very funny. So he decided to prepare for the show.
Brian did a great job at the talent show. Everyone loved his performance, and he won the first prize! His teachers and friends were proud of him. Even so, Ken told Brian that he was not funny, and that he would never be successful. Brian didn't understand why Ken said so, but he realized that it had nothing to do with him. He confidently continued to work towards his goal.
As the years went on, Brian met more people like Ken. “You'll do a terrible job，” they said to him. Luckily, most people encouraged him and some helped him to become even funnier. He got a lot of opportunities to perform in movies. He was even invited to appear on television. His fans thanked him because his comedies made them feel good when they were unhappy.
Now Brian is a big comedy star! He is doing what he loves best. He never feels stressed like those unkind people, and he laughs all day long!
( )1. What did Brian love best when he was a student?
A. Going to school. B. Helping classmates.
C. Watching comedies. D. Meeting new friends.
( )2. Brian decided to prepare for the show because ________．
A. his friends liked his jokes
B. he was invited by a TV station
C. he wasn't busy acting in movies
D. Ken was expecting his performance
( )3. After winning the first prize, Brian ________．
A. began to understand Ken
B. became a teacher of acting
C. encouraged others to join him
D. continued to work towards his goal
( )4. Brian's fans thanked him because his comedies brought them ________．
A. success B. happiness C. luck D. pride
Passage 4(2018东营)
We have heard about people who have special memories. Recently there has been a report about a woman from Australia who can remember almost every detail(细节) of all the events in her daily life.
Rebecca Sharrock, 25, is one of just 80 people worldwide who have been indentified(确定) as having Highly Superior Autobiographical Memory (HSAM，超级自传体记忆症). It means she can remember every small event—which most people would forget within(在……以内) days—as if it had happened just minutes ago.
“I remember my mum putting me in the driver's seat of a car and taking a picture of me when I was 12 days old，”she said. “That's my earliest memory. I remember every day since then. I can't tell all the dates exactly because I was too young to understand calendars, but I remember what I did that very day, what the weather was like and so on.”
Rebecca can also reexperience taste. If she's eating something that she doesn't like, she thinks about Black Forest cake, her favorite food, and the memory will be so strong that she can nearly “taste” it.
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However, sometimes her memories prove(证明) to be painful. Because they're not just events that she remembers. “When I relive(再体验) memories, the feelings return, too，” Rebecca said.“For example, I remember falling over when I was three at my grandparents' house and hurting my left knee. Talking about it now, I feel painful in my left knee.”
“At night, I have to sleep with the radio/recorder and a soft light on，”she added. “If it's too dark or quiet, my mind would be filled with all these memories and I can't sleep.”
( )1. Which is NOT TRUE about Rebecca?
A. She has special memories.
B. She is from Australia.
C. She is 25 years old.
D. She can remember every detail of all the events.
( )2. What happened to Rebecca on the day when she was 3 years old?
A. She was identified as having HSAM.
B. Her mother put her in a car and took a picture of her.
C. She started to understand calendars.
D. She hurt her left knee at her grandparents'.
( )3. Whenever she is reliving her memories, ________．
A. she is happy
B. she experiences the feelings again
C. she feels pain in her knees
D. she can taste her favorite food
( )4. What is the result of having HSAM?
A. She can remember every event in her daily life.
B. She can reexperience taste.
C. She can relive feelings.
D. All the above.
( )5. From the passage, we can infer(推断)that________．
A. HSAM can do her good, but it also brings her pain
B. she feels painful if she recalls her experiences
C. she can fall asleep while she is reexperiencing memories
D. HSAM can greatly improve her living conditions
Passage 5(2018江西)
Carlton Joseph is a fashion designer(服装设计师), but not just any fashion designer. He appears on television, he writes books, and he owns his own fashion house.
Born in 1980, Carlton started designing clothes when he was eleven. His father owned a clothes store, and Carlton used to work there at the weekend. Then he did a design course at college.
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When he was 21, someone suggested doing a TV program. He made his first show “Carlton's Clothes” in 2004, and he wrote his first book in the same year. Since then he has written four more. Carlton got married to TV producer Susan Mills in 2005.
Three months ago, Carlton started his new company. He called it “Design: Carlton”．
At work Carlton always wears black trousers and a black coat, but at home, or when he goes out, he wears clothes with bright colors(red, blue and yellow). He is especially crazy about new glasses, he buys a new pair every few weeks. “I like to look different every day，” he says.
Carlton started wearing glasses when he was twelve. He dyed(给……染色) his hair red when he was 18. It is still red, and this year, for the first time, he has grown a beard. “My wife likes it,_that's why” is his explanation. But his beard is black!
( )1. How old was Carlton when he wrote his first book?
A. 11. B. 21. C. 24. D. 25.
( )2. What does the underlined word “it” refer to?
A. Carlton's hair. B. Carlton's beard.
C. Carlton's coat. D. Carlton's company.
( )3. What is the main idea of Paragraph 5?
A. Carlton likes to look different.
B. Carlton is a hardworking person.
C. Carlton is crazy about new glasses.
D. Carlton loves wearing colorful clothes.
( )4. Which of the following is true according to the passage?
A. Carlton is just a common fashion designer.
B. Carlton started his new fashion company in 2005.
C. Carlton made his first show after he got married to Susan.
D. Carlton got some design experience before going to college.
Passage 6(2018无锡)
This year the US will honour(纪念) one of the country's most famous writers—Mark Twain(18351910). Most readers know that his real name was Samuel Longhorne Clemens, but how many know where the pen name “Mark Twain” came from?
The answer shows Clemens' colourful early life before he became a writer. “Mark Twain” was the cry shouted on a ship when the ship entered a part of a river that was two fathoms(6 feet)deep. “Twain” is an oldfashioned way of saying “two”. Twain trained as a ship pilot on the Mississippi river for two years, a time that he wrote about in the humorous Life on the Mississippi(1883)．
The famous river would become an important theme in many of his works—who could forget the journey of Huck and Jim along it in his most famous book, The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn(1884)?
With little education, he had to teach himself how to write stories. Whenever possible, he would go to public libraries. There he spent much time reading and thinking, which greatly helped him with his writing.
On the other hand, his life experiences gave him wonderful material to write about and attract readers. Twain wrote in a style that has been called “local colour”
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because it shows great knowledge of local people and their customs.
This gift is very clear in the two books for which Twain is still celebrated today：The Adventures of Tom Sawyer(1876) and its followup The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn, which many people call “The Great American Novel”．
The most amazing invention in the book is the voice of Huck himself. Huck did not enjoy schooling. It shows in the way he uses language, in a spoken style. Only a master like Twain could copy the way a young southern boy talked so well.
( )1. What does the underlined word “gift” mean in the passage?
A. Twain's talent for selfteaching.
B. Twain's “local colour” writing style.
C. Twain's good sense of humour.
D. Twain's experiences as a ship pilot.
( )2. According to the passage, what is the best part of The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn?
A. The deep social meaning.
B. The exciting life experiences.
C. The special way that Huck talks.
D. The nice view of the Mississippi.
( )3. Which is the most suitable place in the passage for the sentence, “Twain did not come from the writer's background you might expect.”？
A. At the beginning of Paragraph 2.
B. At the beginning of Paragraph 3.
C. At the beginning of Paragraph 4.
D. At the beginning of Paragraph 5.
( )4. What is the passage mainly about?
A. Mark Twain's career as a great writer.
B. Mark Twain's interest in describing local life.
C. Mark Twain's achievements in American literature field.
D. Mark Twain's life experiences which influenced his writing.
Passage 7(2018南京)
Rachel Carson(19071964) was a pioneer of the world's environmental movement through her writing about the protection of the natural world. Her 1962 book Silent Spring made her well known by many people. It describes the harmful changes in the environment of using toxic(有害的) chemicals on farmland.
Carson's career started as a biologist in the US Bureau of Fisheries. ln 1951 she published her first book, The Sea Around Us, which became a bestseller. It made her rich enough to leave her job and devote her life to writing. She was a gifted writer. Her next two books were also about the oceans and both topped the book sales lists.
Carson's book Silent Spring completely changed the way America thought about
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nature. It painted a bleak(荒凉的) future for the whole natural world. It led to a nationwide ban(禁止) on the use of a deadly chemical called DDT, and other toxic pesticides(农药) that farmers used for their crops. Many people say the book led to the creation of America's Environmental Protection Agency.
Since her death, Carson's name has continued to be connected with protecting the environment. There is now a yearly Rachel Carson Book Prize. Norway awards the Rachel Carson Prize to women who have made great contributions to the field of environmental protection. In 1980, 16 years after her death, she was awarded the Presidential Medal of Freedom, the highest civilian honour in America.
( )1. What happened to Rachel Carson in 1962?
A. She started to write books.
B. She gave up working as a biologist.
C. Her book The Sea Around Us sold well.
D. Her book Silent Spring made her famous.
( )2. What most probably made Rachel Carson leave her job?
A. She got an award.
B. She published Silent Spring.
C. The Sea Around Us brought her enough money.
D. The US government took notice of her researches.
( )3. Why is the book Silent Spring important to America's environmental protection?
A. It describes a silent spring.
B. It topped the book sales lists.
C. It changed how America thought about nature.
D. It includes all Carson's research achievements.
( )4. What does the underlined word “It” in Paragraph 3 mean?
A. The book Silent Spring.
B. The way America thought.
C. The US Bureau of Fisheries.
D. America's Environmental Protection Agency.
( )5. Why was Rachel Carson awarded the Presidential Medal of Freedom?
A. She published the book Silent Spring.
B. She did a lot of researches for the US Bureau of Fisheries.
C. She donated much money to the Rachel Carson Book Prize.
D. She made great contributions to the environmental protection.
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题型三阅读理解
专项训练一 人物故事
Passage 1【主旨大意】本文是一篇记叙文。李老师在办公室被飞进来的球砸到，他以留纸条的方式将球归还给犯错的学生。这说明李老师既聪明又善良。
1. B
2. A
3. C
4. D
Passage 2【主旨大意】本文是一篇记叙文。Zach是个乐于助人的年轻人，从很小的时候就开始帮助别人。现在他通过徒步的方式筹款，帮助无家可归的孩子们。
1. D
2. A
3. B
4. C
5. C
Passage 3【主旨大意】本文是一篇记叙文。讲述了布莱恩喜欢喜剧并立志成为喜剧演员，但他的梦想却被同学嘲笑。他不忘初心，抓住机会；坚持梦想，获得成功。
1. C 2. A 3. D 4. B
Passage 4【主旨大意】 本文是一篇记叙文。讲述了传奇人物丽贝卡·夏洛克的故事。她能记住日常生活中所有事件的细节，但这种超常的记忆力给她带来的并不都是甜蜜。
1. D 2. D 3. B 4. D 5. A
Passage 5【主旨大意】本文是一篇记叙文。讲述了与众不同的服装设计师Carlton Joseph的故事。
1. C【解析】数字计算题。题干意为：当Carlton写第一本书的时候他多少岁了？根据第三段的“...in 2004, and he wrote his first book in the same year.”可知，他2004年写了第一本书。又根据第二段第一句可知，他出生于1980年。因此他写第一本书时是24岁。故选C。
2. B【解析】代词指代题。题干意为：划线单词“it”指的是什么？根据最后一段的“...he has grown a beard. ‘My wife likes it...’”可知，it指代Carlton的胡子。故选B。
3. A【解析】段落大意题。题干意为：第五段的主旨大意是什么？第五段通过叙述Carlton的穿着和对眼镜的痴迷来叙述Carlton喜欢看起来与众不同。故选A。
4. D【解析】推理判断题。题干意为：根据短文，下面哪一项是正确的？根据第二段“...Carlton started designing...at college.”可知，他在上大学前就有服装设计经验了。故选D。
Passage 6【主旨大意】本文是一篇记叙文。主要讲述了美国伟大的作家马克·吐温的生活经历。而这种经历深深地影响了他的作品，为他的作品打上了“地方色彩”的烙印。
1. B【解析】词义猜测题。题干意为：本文中，划线词“gift”意思是什么？上一段主要说明了马克·吐温作品的“local colour”，而“This gift is very clear...”是承接上一段，所以gift应是指local colour。故选B。
2. C【解析】推理判断题。题干意为：根据短文，哪一个是《哈克贝利·费恩历险记》最精彩的部分？根据最后一段第一句“The most amazing invention in the book is the voice of Huck himself.”可知选C。
3. C【解析】细节理解题。题干意为：“Twain did not come from the writer's background you might expect.”最适合放在短文哪里？根据文章第四段第一句话可知，
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马克吐温几乎没有受过教育，他是通过自学成才的，所以需要把这段话放到第四段开头作为引文过渡衔接。
1. D【解析】主旨大意题。题干意为：本文主要讲述了什么？纵观全文，本文前两段概述了马克·吐温名字的来历，后五段叙述了马克·吐温的经历以及其这些经历对他的作品的影响。实际上，马克·吐温名字的来历也是其经历的一部分，所以本文主要概括了马克·吐温的经历以及他的经历对其作品的影响。故选D。
Passage 7【主旨大意】本文是一篇说明文。介绍了美国著名的海洋生物学家蕾切尔·卡逊的生平事迹，她的作品《寂静的春天》开启了美国以至于全世界的环境保护事业，1980年——她去世16年后，被追授“总统自由勋章”。
1. D【解析】细节理解题。题干意为：在1962年蕾切尔·卡逊发生了什么事情？由文章第一段第二句“Her 1962 book Silent Spring made her well known by many people.”可知，在1962年，她的作品《寂静的春天》使她出名。故选D。
2. C【解析】细节理解题。题干意为：是什么最可能让蕾切尔·卡逊放弃了她的工作？由文章第二段第三句“It made her rich enough to leave her job and devote her life to writing.”可知，她的书给她带来足够的钱可以让她专心写作。故选C。
3. C【解析】细节理解题。题干意为：为什么《寂静的春天》对美国环境保护来说很重要？由文章第三段第一句“Carson's book Silent Spring completely changed the way America thought about nature.”可知，《寂静的春天》完全改变了美国考虑自然的方式，所以它对美国环境保护来说很重要。故选C。
4. A【解析】代词指代题。题干意为：划线单词“It”在第三段指的是什么？由It前一句“Carson's book Silent Spring completely changed the way America thought about nature.”可知，It指代《寂静的春天》这本书。故选A。
5. D【解析】推理判断题。题干意为：为什么蕾切尔·卡逊被授予“总统自由勋章”？从整篇文章来看，蕾切尔·卡逊改变了美国考虑环境的方式，她抵制DDT等有害化学药品，为世界环境做出了非常巨大的贡献，所以被授予“总统自由勋章”。故选D。
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