时间：8～10分钟/篇 分值：2分/小题
Passage 1(2018福州)
Once upon a time, a hippo(河马) lived in a river next to a big tree.
One day, a bird came and nested(筑巢) in the tree. The songs of the bird filled the hippo with so much envy(羡慕) that he couldn't think of anything else. Every day he would think why he wasn't born to be a bird even though the bird told him many times he was so lucky to be so big and such a good swimmer.
Finally, the hippo made up his mind that he would come out of the river, climb the tree, and start singing. However, when he tried to climb the tree, it was very clear that the hippo didn't have wings, nor claws to climb with.
Realizing that he would never climb up the tree, he angrily hit the tree until it came crashing to the ground. Then he stepped onto the leaves of the fallen tree, and began singing.
Unfortunately, hippos can't sing, either. All that came from his mouth were terrible noises, and when the other animals heard this, they all came around to make fun of the hippo.
He was so ashamed by this. He also felt bad about having knocked the tree over. He used all his strength to raise the tree back up again, and look after it until it completely recovered(康复)．
( )1. The hippo envied the bird because ________．
A. he could fly high B. he could build a nest
C. he could sing well D. he could live in the tree
( )2. After reading this passage, we know ________．
A. the writer is telling us a true story
B. the story happened on an autumn day
C. the bird thought he was luckier than the hippo
D. the hippo tried to do something against his nature
( )3. The hippo in this story ________．
A. was happy all the time
B. did not respect his friends
C. liked to talk a lot but did nothing
D. corrected his mistake when he realized it
( )4. From the passage, we can infer(推断) that the hippo would ________ after such an experience.
A. be a good singer
B. be good at climbing trees
C. stop envying the bird
D. not make friends with other animals
( )5. The best title of this passage may be “________”．
A. The hippo that wished to sing
B. The tree that was knocked over
C. The bird that wished to swim
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D. The animals that were in high spirits
Passage 2(2018泉州)
There were three big fish in the lake. One of them, Demo, was wise; another one, Jimmy, was halfwise; Martin, the third one, was stupid.
Some fishermen came to the bank of the lake with their nets. The three fish saw them.
Demo decided at once to leave, to make the long and difficult trip to the ocean. He thought, “I won't discuss with these two about this. They love this place so much that they call it home and will stay on. How silly they are! They still haven't realized we are in great danger now. Their ignorance will cost them their lives.”
Seeing the wise fish had left, Jimmy thought，“My guide has gone and now I've lost my chance to escape.” He felt sorry for it and then thought, “What can I do to save myself from these men and their nets? Perhaps I should pretend(假装) to be already dead, giving myself totally to the water.” So he did that. He went up and down with the water, helpless, within arm's reach of the fishermen.
“Look at this! The best and biggest fish is dead.” One of the men lifted him by the tail, and threw him up on the ground. He rolled(滚动) over and over and moved secretly toward the water, and then, back in.
The third fish was aimlessly jumping about, trying to escape with his speed and cleverness. The net, of course, finally closed around him, and as he lay in the hot fryingpan bed, he thought, “If I get out of this, I'll never live again in the limits of the lake. Next time, the ocean! I'll make it my home.”
( )1. The passage is a ________．
A. diary B. story C. notice
( )2. The underlined word “ignorance” in the passage means “________” in Chinese.
A. 冲动 B. 勇气 C. 愚昧
( )3. Jimmy thought that he could escape from the fishermen by ________．
A. traveling to the ocean
B. pretending to be dead
C. jumping here and there
( )4. Who was caught by the fishermen at last?
A. Demo. B. Jimmy. C. Martin.
( )5. What can we learn from the passage?
A. It is important to make proper changes in time.
B. Good chances are always given to the honest.
C. The stupid can also succeed with great efforts.
Passage 3(2018西宁)
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Sometimes people come into your life and you know at once that they were sure to be there. They serve some certain purpose, teach you a lesson or help find out who you are or who you want to become. You never know who these people may be: your classmate, neighbor, teacher, longlost friend or even a real stranger. But you know that every moment they will influence your life in some serious way.
Sometimes things happen to you. At the time they may seem terrible, painful and unfair. But later you realize that without overcoming those difficulties, you would have never realized your further ability and advantages. Everything happens for a reason and nothing happens by chance or with good or bad luck.
The people you meet influence your life, and the success and failure you experience create who you are. Even the bad experience can be learned from. In fact, they are probably the most poignant and important ones.
Enjoy every day even every moment and take from it everything that you possibly can, for you may never be able to experience it again. Talk to people whom you have never talked to before, and really listen. You should set your goals high, hold your head up, tell yourself you are a great one and believe in yourself.
You can make your life anything you wish. Create your own life and then go out and live it.
( )1. The people we meet ________．
A. all know where to find us
B. serve us on no purpose
C. won't become our neighbor
D. will change us in some way
( )2. From the passage, we know that bad things can make us ________．
A. realize our further ability
B. terribly meet bad luck
C. find no serious success
D. possibly enjoy every moment
( )3. The underlined word “poignant” in the passage means “________” in Chinese.
A. 平淡的 B. 明显的 C. 深刻的 D. 艰苦的
( )4. The writer's advice is that we should ________．
A. never talk to strange people
B. learn as much as we can each day
C. overcome difficulties painfully
D. not believe in ourselves but others
( )5. Which is the best title for the passage?
A. Create Your Own Life
B. Hold Your Head Up
C. People You Meet in Life
D. Things Happen to You
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, 小 词 典)
1. hippo n. 河马 2. nest v．筑巢 3. envy v. 羡慕
4. recover v. 康复 5. pretend v. 假装 6. roll v. 滚动
专项训练四 哲理故事 Passage 1【主旨大意】本文是一篇记叙文。介绍的是河马羡慕鸟会飞、会爬树、会唱歌，因此自己学习爬树、唱歌而引起的闹剧。文章告诉我们：人各有所长，不要因为羡慕别人的长处，忽视自己的优点，更不能违背自然规律。
1. C【解析】细节理解题。题干意为：河马羡慕鸟是因为。根据第二段第二句“The songs of the bird filled the hippo with so much envy(羡慕) that he couldn't think of anything else.”可知河马羡慕鸟的歌声。故选C。
2. D【解析】细节理解题。题干意为：读完文章后，我们知道。根据第三段第一句“Finally, the hippo made up his mind that he would come out of the river, climb the tree, and start singing.”可知河马试图做一些违背他的本性的事情。故选D。
3. D【解析】细节理解题。题干意为：在这个故事中河马。根据本文最后一句“He used all his strength to raise the tree back up again, and look after it until it completely recovered(康复)．”可知河马意识到自己的错误，并改正了错误。故选D。
4. C【解析】推理判断题。题干意为：从这篇文章中，我们可以推断河马在这样的一个经历之后。根据最后一段可知河马意识到了自己的错误，费力将撞倒的树扶正并照顾它康复，因此推测它不再羡慕那只鸟了。故选C。
5. A【解析】标题归纳题。题干意为：这篇文章的最佳标题可能是“”。主要讲述了一只渴望离开水、学唱歌、学爬树的河马的故事，故选A。
Passage 2【主旨大意】本文是一篇记叙文。讲述了三条鱼面对被捕获的危险时做出了不同的反应，并有了不同的结局。这告诉我们及时做出改变很重要。
1. B【解析】推理判断题。题干意为：这篇文章是一个。 根据短文内容可以知这是一个故事，故选B。
2. C【解析】词义猜测题。题干意为：短文中划线单词“ignorance”的汉语意思是“”。根据上句“They still haven't realized we are in great danger now. ”可知这两条鱼是不聪明、不敏锐的。故选C。
3. B【解析】细节理解题。题干意为：Jimmy认为他可以通过逃过渔民的捕捉。根据第四段第二句“...What can I do to save myself from these men and their nets? Perhaps I should pretend(假装) to be already dead...”可知Jimmy 通过装死逃过渔民的捕捉，故选B。
4. C【解析】推理判断题。题干意为：最后谁被渔民抓到了？根据最后一段并结合第一段中的“...Martin, the third one, was stupid.”可知Martin被抓。故选C。
5. A【解析】主旨大意题。题干意为：通过短文我们可以学到什么？根据故事情节可知，如果第三条鱼也早一点游去大海，也不会被捕。故事告诉我们及时做出改变的重要性。故选A。Passage 3【主旨大意】本文是一篇议论文。有时，你遇到的人会影响你的生活；有时，你经历的成功和失败也会成就你。因此，珍惜生命中所遇到的一切，制定目标，相信自己，努力创造自己的生活。
1. D【解析】细节理解题。题干意为：我们所遇到的人。根据第一段最后一句“But you know that every moment they will influence your life in some serious way.”可知，我们所遇到的这些人会在某种程度上影响我们，改变我们，故选D。
2.
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A【解析】细节理解题。题干意为：从这篇文章中我们得知坏的事情能使我们。根据第二段第三句“But later you realize that without overcoming those difficulties, you would have never realized your further ability and advantages.”可知，那些不好的事情可以让我们意识到我们的潜在能力和优点，故选A。
1. C【解析】词义猜测题。题干意为：文章中划线单词“poignant”的汉语意思是“”。根据第三段前两句“The people you meet influence your life, and the success and failure you experience create who you are. Even the bad experience can be learned from.”可知，你的成功和失败会造就你是一个什么样的人，即使是坏的经历你也可以从中学到很多；再结合常识可知往往是那些不好的事情会让人们有更深刻的印象，故选C。
2. B【解析】细节理解题。题干意为：作者的建议是我们应该。根据第四段第一句“Enjoy every day even every moment and take from it everything that you possibly can, for you may never be able to experience it again.”可知作者希望人们能充分利用好每一天，故选B。
3. A【解析】标题归纳题。题干意为：文章的最佳标题是哪一个？根据本文最后一句“Create your own life and then go out and live it.”及文章的主旨大意可知，作者是鼓励人们要制定自己的人生目标，创造自己的生活，故选A。
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