名词性从句
专题十
考向预测
名词性从句是英语中比较复杂的结构，既涉及词汇的用法，也涉及句法结构，是整个高中阶段英语学习的重点和难点之一。
在学习名词性从句时，应注意从以下几个方面入手：
一、要熟悉句子的各种成分，尤其是主语、宾语、表语、同位语的特点。
二、要掌握引导名词性从句的连接代词、连接副词的分类及用法，以及that，if，whether的用法区别。
三、要注意名词性从句中的特殊情况，例如：that的省略，语序问题，时态问题，语气问题。
四、要注意疑问连接词what，when，where等引导名词性从句不表示疑问的情况。
五、要注意whoever，whichever，whatever，whenever，wherever等引导从句的用法。特别需要注意的是要掌握it替代从句的用法。
知识与技巧的梳理
名词性从句是高考的热点，对于名词性从句考纲要求掌握以下内容：掌握主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句的基本用法，了解同位语从句的基本用法。要求考生在复习备考中应该掌握名词性从句的基本用法；一些易混引导词的辨析；句子的语序、否定前移；名词性从句和定语从句、状语从句的辨析等。
高考对名词性从句的考查仍将不会单纯考查其语法结构，而是将其融入一定的语境中来考查考生的实际综合运用能力，特别是将名词性从句与强调句、定语从句、状语从句等结合起来考查。
考点1 主语从句
引导主语从句的连接词主要有三类：连接词that，whether; 连接代词who, whom, whose, what, which, whoever, whomever, whichever, whatever；连接副词when, where, why, how等。
1.连接词that，whether引导
①That the college will take in more new students this year is true.今年这所大学将招收更多新生是真的。
②Whether he can finish his task on time is of great importance.他是否能按时完成任务非常重要。
特别提示
(1)if不能引导主语从句。
(2)形式主语it替代主语从句。常见的it替代主语从句的句式主要有以下几种：
A．It+系动词+形容词+that从句。如：
It is quite clear that the whole project is doomed to failure．很清楚，整个计划注定要失败。
B．It+系动词+名词+that从句。如：
It is our hope that the two sides will work towards peace．我们的希望是双方能朝着和平的方向发展。
C. It + be + v.ed形式+that从句。如：
It is announced that the plan has been successfully carried out.据宣布计划已经顺利实施。
2.连接代词引导
①What we can’t get seems better than what we already have.我们得不到的东西似乎比我们拥有的东西好。
②Who the letter was from is still unknown．这封信是谁寄出的还不清楚。
③Whichever of you gets here first will get the prize．你们当中第一个到达这里的人将获得奖项。
3.连接副词引导
①How acupuncture reduces and relieves pain is unclear．针灸是如何减轻和解除疼痛的还不清楚。
②Why dinosaurs suddenly disappeared still remains a mystery．恐龙为什么突然消失了还是个谜。
【典例】
Your support is important to our work. ________ you can do helps.
A. However B. Whoever C. Whatever D. Wherever
【答案】C
【解析】题目考查主语从句。helps是谓语，“________ you can do”是主语部分，即主语从句。在主语从句中，do后缺少宾语，表示“任何事情”，因此用whatever引导，故选C。
考点2 宾语从句
引导宾语从句的连接词主要有三类：连接词that，whether, if等，连接代词what, whose, who, whatever, whichever, whoever等，连接副词when, where, why, how等。
1.连接词that, whether, if引导
①I think (that) you should turn to the teacher for help.我认为你应该向老师寻求帮助。
②I don’t know if/whether he still lives here after so many years.我不知道这么多年后他是否还住在这儿。
特别提示
1.whether/if都意为“是否”。一般情况下，它们可以互换，口语中常用if，但以下情况中，只能用whether。
(1)与or not紧接连用时。如：
Let me know whether or not you can come．请让我知道你是否能来。
(2)作介词的宾语从句时。如：
We are interested in whether you will attend the meeting．我们对你是否参加会议感兴趣。
2.连接代词和连接副词引导。连接代词有what，who, whose, whatever, whichever, whoever等，连接副词有when, where, why, how等。如：
①She asked me whose handwriting was the best in class.她问我班上谁的书法最好。
②I’ll just say whatever comes into my mind.我想到什么就说什么。
③Do you know when the ancient Olympic Games began?你知道古代的奥运会是什么时间开始的吗？
④I’ve been thinking about how we can make the newspaper more interesting．我一直在考虑如何使我们的报纸更有趣。
3．宾语从句的语序在宾语从句中要用陈述句语序。如：
①He asked me when we could set out the next day．他问我第二天什么时候可以出发。
②Did you find out where she lost her car?你查出她在哪里丢的车了吗?
4．宾语从句的时态
(1)当主语的谓语动词是一般现在时，其宾语从句的时态是任何适当的时态。如：
①She says(that)she works from Monday to Friday.她说她周一至周五上班。（从句是一般现在时）
②She says(that)she will leave a message on his desk.她说她要在他桌子上留个便条。（从句是一般将来时）
③She says(that)she has never been to Mount Emei．她说她从来没有去过峨眉山。(从句是现在完成时)
(2)当主句的谓语动词是一般过去式时，其宾语从句的时态一般要用适当的过去时态。如：
①He said there were no classes yesterday afternoon．他说昨天下午没有课。(从句是一般过去时)
②He said that he was going to take care of the baby.他说他会去照看这个婴儿。（从句时过去将来时）
③He said that they were having a meeting at that time.他说他们那时正在开会。（从句是过去进行时）
（3）当宾语从句是表达客观真理和规律的句子时，其时态仍旧用一般现在时。如：
①The teacher told us that nothing is difficult if we put our hearts into it。老师告诉我们世上无难事，只怕有心人。
②He said that light travels much faster than sound．他说光比声音传播得快。
【典例】
We choose this hotel because the price for a night here is down to $20, half of ____________ it used to charge.
A. that B. which C. what D. how
【答案】C
【解析】考查宾语从句。＂half of _________ it used to charge＂是$20的同位语，即原来价格的一半是现在的$20。另外，of后跟名词或名词短语构成介宾短语。所以，这里是宾语从句；宾语从句中的charge后面缺少宾语，所以用what来引导宾语从句，并充当宾语从句的宾语，故选C。
考点3 表语从句
常用连接词that, whether;连接代词who, whom, whose, which, what, whoever, whomever, whichever, whatever;
连接副词when, where, how, why引导。
1.连接词引导
①The reason for his absence is that he hasn’t been informed.他缺席的原因就是他没接到通知。
②The question remains whether they will be able to help us．问题还是他们能否帮我们。
2．连接代词和连接副词引导
①The problem is who will take charge of this shop．问题是谁将接管这家店铺。
②That is when I realized the importance of journalism．那时我才意识到新闻工作的重要性。
特别提示
（1）as/as if/as though引导的表语从句常跟在特定动词的后面，如：seem, appear, look, taste, sound, feel等。如：
①It sounds as if someone is knocking at the door.听上去好像有人在敲门。
②At that time, it seemed as though I couldn’t think of the right word.当时我似乎怎么也想不出一个恰当的字眼来。
（2）当主句的主语是reason时，表语从句一般由that引导，这种用法常见于句型The reason why…is that...如：The reason why he came late was that he got up late.他来得晚是因为起床晚了。
【典例】
The most pleasant thing of the rainy season is ________ one can be entirely free from dust.
A. what B. that C. whether D. why
【答案】B
【解析】句意：雨季最令人愉悦的就是人们可以完完全全不再受到沙尘的困扰。is 后跟从句作表语，即表语从句。表语从句不缺少主语，谓语和宾语，因此用that, that只起引导作用，故选B。
考点4 同位语从句
同位语从句在句子中作某一名词的同位语，一般位于该名词之后，说明该名词的具体内容。这些名词常见的有idea，fact，news，hope，belief，thought，doubt，promise，suggestion，order等。
1．通常用连词that引导同位语从句，that无词义，也不作句子成分，但不能省略。注意从句用陈述句语序。如：
①They expressed the hope that we would go and visit Shanghai again．他们表示希望我们再去访问上海。
②I have no idea that she quit her present job.我不知道她辞掉了现在的工作。
③Given me your promise that you will come to our party this evening.你答应我，今天晚上会来参加我们的聚会。
2.同位语从句还可以用whether, when, where, why, how等引导，如：
①The student ask me the question whether the book was worth reading.学生
问了我这个问题：这本书是否值得一读。
②I have no idea why he was excited at that time．我不知道当时他激动的原因。
【典例】
The manager put forward a suggestion ____ we should have an assistant. There is too much work to do.
A. whether B. that C. which D. what
【答案】B
【解析】句意：经理提出一个建议，我们应该有个助手。有太多的工作要做。使用同位语从句说suggestion的内容，而且同位语从句成分和意思都是完整的。用that引导，that不作成分，只是起着连接作用。故选B。
限时训练
（45分钟）
经典常规题
一、语法填空
1.【2018.全国卷Ⅲ】I’m not sure 61 is more frightened, me or the female gorilla(大猩猩) that suddenly appears out of nowhere.
【答案】 which
【解题思路】考查宾语从句。设空处后出给了范围，在me和the female gorilla间进行选择，可译为“哪一个”，用which。
2.【2018.浙江卷11月】It is possible 63 caffeine may cause birth defects in humans, too.
【答案】that
【解题思路】考查主语从句。分析句子结构可知，该句是一个主从复合句，it为形式主语，that从句为真正的主语。
二、单项填空
3.【2018.江苏】21. By boat is the only way to get here, which is we arrived.
A. where B. when C. why D. how
【答案】D
【解题思路】考查表语从句。句意:我们到达那儿的唯一方式是坐船。根据句子中的by boat可知从句需要方式状语来引导，故选择 D。
4.【2018.天津】9.The gold medal will be awarded to ______ wins the first place in the bicycle race.
A. whomever B. wherever C. whoever D. whatever
【答案】C
【解题思路】考查宾语从句引导词的辨析。根据句子成分划分可知“______ wins the first place in the bicycle race”为介词to后面的宾语从句，而在宾语从句中缺少指代人的主语成分，故选whoever。whomever不能作从句中的主语，wherever表示“无论哪里”，whatever只能指物，表示“无论什么”。
5.【2018.北京】11.Without his support, we wouldn’t be____ we are now.
A. how B. when C. where D. why
【答案】C
【解题思路】考查表语从句。句意为“没有他的支持，我们就不会是我们现在的样子。”how表方式；when表时间；where表地点；why表原因。所以选C。
6.【2018.北京】15.This is ____ my father has taught me---to always face difficulties and hope for the best.
A. how B. which C. that D. what
【答案】D
【解题思路】考查表语从句。句意为“这就是我的父亲教给我的，面对问题总是要往最好的想。”be动词后面是表语从句，然后根据表语从句做题原则，从句缺少宾语，所以选连接代词what。
7.【2017·北京】23. Every year, ______ makes the most beautiful kite will win a prize in the Kite Festival.
A. whatever B. whoever C. whomever D. whichever
【答案】B
【解题思路】A. whatever 任何事；B. whoever 任何人；C. whomever 任何人；D. whichever无论哪个。句意：每年，任何一个做出最漂亮的风筝的人将会在风筝节获奖。空格所在部分是主语从句，缺少主语，用连接代词，根据意思可知是人获奖，故排除A和D，因为需要做主语，只能用主格代词who，故选B。
8.【2017·北京】26. Jane moved aimlessly down the tree-lined street, not knowing ______she was heading.
A. why B. where C. how D. when
【答案】B
【解题思路】句意：Jane漫无目的地走在两旁栽树的街道上，不知道她将去往何方，根据语境可知此处表地点，故选B。
9.【2017·江苏】26. We choose this hotel because the price for a night here is down to $20, half of _______ it used to charge.
A. that B. which C. what D. how
【答案】C
【解题思路】“half of _______ it used to charge”是$20的同位语，即原来的价格的一半是现在的$20。另外，of后跟名词或名词短语构成介宾短语，所以，这里是宾语从句。宾语从句中的charge后面缺少宾语，所以用what来引导宾语从句，并充当宾语从句中的宾语。故选C。
10.【2017·天津】4. She asked me _______ I had returned the books to the library, and I admitted that I hadn’t.
A. when B. where C. whether D. what
【答案】C
【解题思路】句意：她问我是否已经把书还给图书馆了，我承认我还没有还。根据句意，故选C。
11.【2016·北京】24. Your support is important to our work. ________ you can do helps.
A. However B. Whoever C. Whatever D. Wherever
【答案】C
【解题思路】helps是谓语，“ you can do”是主语部分，即主语从句，在主语从句中，do后缺少宾语，表示：“任何事情”，因此whatever引导，故选C。
12.【2016·北京】29. The most pleasant thing of the rainy season is ________ one can be entirely free from dust.
A. what B. that C. whether D. why
【答案】B
【解题思路】句意：雨季最令人愉悦的就是人们可以完全不再受到沙尘的困扰。is后跟从句作表语，即表语从句，表语从句不缺少主语，谓语和宾语，因此用that，that只起引导作用，故选B。
13.【2016·江苏】21.It is often the case ______anything is possible for those who hang on to hope.
A. why B. what C.as D. that
【答案】D
【解题思路】考查主语从句。本句中it是形式主语，真正的主语是连接词that引导的主语从句，连接词that在本句中不充当任何成分，只是一个引导词而已，不能省略。连接副词why要在句中做状语，连接代词what通常在句中做主语、宾语或表语等；as通常不引导名词性从句。句意：对于那些心存希望的人一切皆可能是事实。故D正确。
14.【2016·天津】11. The manager put forward a suggestion ____ we should have an assistant. There is too much work to do.
A. whether B. that C. which D. what
【答案】B
【解题思路】句意：经理提出一个建议，我们应该有个助手。有太多的工作要做。使用同位语从句说明suggestion的内容，而且同位语从句成分和意思都是完整的。用that引导，that不作成分，只是起着连接的作用，故选B。
高频易错题
1. 【江苏省五校2019届高三12月联考】That preserved historic village connected to downtown by a highway is ________ many office workers spend their weekends.
A．what B．how C．where D．why
【答案】C
【解题思路】考查表语从句。句意：那条由高速公路连接市中心的历史悠久的村庄是许多上班族周末的去处。结合句意可知此处是where引导的表语从句，故选C。
2．【南京市盐城市2019届高三年级第一次模拟】Never turn down a job because you think it’s too small. You don’t know _____ it can lead.
A．how B．where C．whether D．what
【答案】B
【解题思路】考查名词性从句。句意为：不要因为觉得工作太小就拒绝它，你不知道它能引向何方。know后面接了宾语从句，lead是不及物动词，后面不缺成分，故用副词引导从句，根据句意，选B。
3．【2019年江苏省扬州市高三英语期末考试】I am impressed with China’s commitment to its climate goals, evidenced by the fact we are sure of ______ China has met its 2020 targets three years ahead of schedule.
A．that B．which C．what D．where
【答案】A
【解题思路】考查同位语从句。句意：中国对气候目标的承诺令我印象深刻，事实证明了这一点，中国提前三年完成了2020年的目标。此处为同位语从句，从句成分完整，所以用that解释说明the fact的内容，只起连接作用，无实义，故A项正确。
4．【天津市第一中学2019届高三上学期第三次月考】Save your apology for you really make everything a mess.
A．unless B．once C．when D．though
【答案】C
【解题思路】考查宾语从句。A. unless除非；B. once一旦；C. when当……时候；D. though尽管。句意：把你的道歉留到当你真的把事情搞得一团糟的时候吧。此处是介词for后面when引导的宾语从句。故选C。
5．【黑龙江省牡丹江市第一高级中学2019届高三上学期期末】It was the belief ________ he could find his “root” in Africa _________ made Alex Haley decide to go to Gambia.
A．that; where B．where; that C．that; that D．how; which
【答案】C
【解题思路】考查连词辨析。根据句子结构及成分可知，本句主干是强调句型：It is +被强调部分+that +其它部分；第一空处引导belief的同位语从句，从句成分齐全，应使用只起连接作用的代词that引导；第二空处则应是强调句中的that。句意：是Alex Haley能在非洲找到他的根的想法使他决定去赞比亚。故C选项正确。
6．【江苏省五校2019届高三12月联考】That preserved historic village connected to downtown by a highway is ________ many office workers spend their weekends.
A．what B．how C．where D．why
【答案】C
【解题思路】考查表语从句。句意：那条由高速公路连接市中心的历史悠久的村庄是许多上班族周末的去处。结合句意可知此处是where引导的表语从句，故选C。
7．【江苏省南京市六校联合体2019届高三上学期12月联考】I really don’t know _________ she gets by on such a modest salary.
A．what B．why C．how D．that
【答案】C
【解题思路】考查宾语从句。句意：我真不知道她靠这么微薄的工资是怎么生活的。此处是how引导的宾语从句，故选C。
8．【江苏省新草桥中学2019届高三上学期12月月考】--How do you think I can make up with Tom?
--Put aside ___you disagree and try to find ____ you have in common.
A．what; what B．what; where C．where; what D．what; whether
【答案】C
【解题思路】考查宾语从句。句意：——你认为我可以和汤姆合好吗？——把你们的分歧放置一边，尽量找到你们的共同之处。在第一个宾语从句中disagree 为不及物动词，用where 表抽象地点。在第二个宾语从句中，have 缺宾语，have…in common. 有共同之处，所以填what 做宾语同时做从句引导词，故选C。
9．【江苏省海安高级中学2019届高三12月月考】Confidence helps you to take a leap of faith when it comes to going after ____it is that you truly desire.
A．why B．what C．where D．how
【答案】B
【解题思路】考查宾语从句。句意：当涉及到追求你真正想要的事物的时候，信心能够让你充满自信。句中what引导宾语从句，并在句中做动词desire的宾语。ACD三项都是副词，不能做动词的宾语。故B项正确。
10．【江苏省江都中学、华罗庚中学等13校2019届高三上学期12月联合调研】It is a different world but one ______ offers huge challenges to ambitious young people interested in ______ our universe works.
A．which; what B．which; why C．that; how D．that; that
【答案】C
【解题思路】考查定语从句和宾语从句。句意：这是一个不同的世界，但对我们的宇宙如何运作感兴趣的有志青年来说，这是一个巨大的挑战，分析句子结构可知，第一空为定语从句，先行词为one，应该用that来引导并在从句中作主语，第二空为宾语从句，从句中缺少方式状语，应该用how表示“如何”，故C项正确。
11．【江苏省镇江市2019届高三上学期期中考试】Stephen Hawking's crowning achievement was his prediction in the 1970s ________ black holes can emit energy, despite the classical view that nothing can escape their gravity.
A．when B．what C．how D．that
【答案】D
【解题思路】考查同位语从句。句意：Stephen Hawking最大的成就是在20世纪70年代预测宇宙黑洞能够发出能量，而传统观点认为任何事物都无法逃避重力。句中that引导同位语从句解释名词prediction的内容，that在句中不充当任何成分，只是一个引导词。故D项正确。
12．【2019届江苏省扬州市高三英语期中考试】“When I take a step back and look at________ we are today, as compared to a year ago,” he says, “the numbers indicate that our economy is becoming better.”
A．when B．where C．why D．what
【答案】B
【解题思路】考查名词性从句。本句中 where可以表示"地点"概念，还可以表示"场合"、"形势"、"情况"等概念。引导宾语从句where we are today，做动词短语look at的宾语。 句意：当我后退一步来看我们的今天的情况，这些数字表示我们的数据与一年前相比进步了。故B项正确。
13．【2019届江苏省无锡市高三英语期中考试】Advertising often functions as an indicator for society considers to be socially acceptable and desirable at the time.
A．what B．whether C．how D．which
【答案】A
【解题思路】考查介词的宾语从句。句意：广告常常作为一种标志，说明当时社会认为什么是可接受和可取的。此处for后面是一个介词的宾语从句，从句缺少引导词，从句的谓语动词considers缺少谓语，故答案为A。
14．【江苏省徐州市2019届高三上学期期中考试】All the mistakes I ever made in my life were _______ I wanted to say “No” and said “Yes”.
A．how B．that C．whether D．when
【答案】D
【解题思路】考查表语从句。句意：在我的人生中所犯的所以错误都是当我想要说“不”，却说了“是”。句中when引导表语从句，在句中充当时间状语。AC项与句意不符，that在名词性从句中不做成分，故D项正确。
15．【天津市七校（静海一中，杨村中学，宝坻一中，大港一中等)2019届高三上学期期中联考】
It is generally believed that communication skills are becoming ________ it takes to be a good doctor.
A．that B．what C．whether D．how
【答案】B
【解题思路】考查名词性从句连接词。句意：人们普遍认为，沟通技巧正逐渐成为一名好医生的必备条件。在名词性从句中，that无意义且在从句中不作任何成分；what“什么；……的东西”，在从句中作主语，宾语或表语。whether“是否”，在从句中不作任何成分；how“怎样”，在从句中作方式状语。 “__it takes to be a good doctor”是表语从句，从句中缺少takes的宾语，故用what来引导。故选B。
16．【天津市第一中学2019届高三上学期第二次月考】He wanted to know made her change her mind at
the last minute.
A．what was it that B．that it was what C．what it was that D．that what it was
【答案】C
【解题思路】考查宾语从句中的强调句。句意：他想知道是什么使她在最后一刻改变了主意。动词know后面是what引导的宾语从句，且作从句的主语，从句中是一个强调句型，强调宾语从句的主语what，故选C。
精准预测题
一、语法填空
【浙江杭州2019届上学期高三英语模拟卷八】Mary and her husband Dimitri lived in a tiny village of Perachora. One of Mary's prize ___36___ (possess) was a little white lamb which her husband had given her, She kept it___37___(tie) to a tree in a field. One evening, however, the lamb was missing. The rope had been cut, so it was obvious that the lamb had been stolen.
When Dimitri came in from the fields, his wife told him___38___had happened. Dimitri at once set out to find the thief. After telling several of his friends about the theft, Dimitri found out that his neighbour, A1eko, had suddenly acquired a new lamb. Dimitri___39___(immediate) went to Aleko's house and angrily accused him___40___stealing the lamb. He told him he had better return it or he would call the police. Aleko___41___(deny) taking it and led Dimitri into his backyard. It was true that he had just bought a lamb, he explained, but his lamb was black. ___42___ (shame) of having acted so rashly, Dimitri apologized to A1eko for having accused him. While they were talking it began___43___(rain) and Dimitri stayed in A1eko's house until the rain stopped.___44___he went outside half an hour later, he was___45___(astonish) to find that the little black lamb was almost white. Its wool, which had been dyed black, had been washed clean by the rain!
【答案】
36. possessions 37. tied 38. what 39. immediately 40. of
41. denied 42. Ashamed 43. to rain 44. When 45. astonished
【解题思路】这是一篇故事类文章。文章主要讲了Dimitri的白色小羊羔丢了，Dimitri发现Aleko 突然获得一只新的小羊羔。Aleko辩解称自己的羊羔是黑色的。就在这时下雨了，Dimitri 待在Aleko的房子里避雨。雨停后，Dimitri惊奇地发现Aleko的小黑羊几乎变成了白色。
36.考查名词。句意：Mary最珍贵的财产之一就是丈夫送给她的一只白色小羔羊。one of后加可数名词复数，表示“……中之一”。故填possessions。
37.考查固定用法。句意：Mary把羔羊拴在地里的一棵树上。it与tie构成被动关系，keep sth. done 使……被做。故填tied。
38.考查宾语从句。___ had happened作told的宾语，设空处在宾语从句中作主语成分，指代内容。故填what。
39.考查副词。句意：Dimitri立刻去了Aleko的家。用副词形式修饰动词went to。故填immediately。
40.考查固定用法。accuse sb. of doing因为某事指控某人，句中缺少介词of。故填of。
41.考查谓语动词时态。故事发生在过去，用一般过去时。故填denied。
42.考查非谓语动词。句意：Dimitri为自己的鲁莽感到惭愧，向Aleko道了歉。be ashamed of意为“感到惭愧的”，此处为原因状语从句“because he was ashamed of”的省略形式。故填ashamed。
43.考查固定用法。句意：就在他俩说话的时候，天下起了雨。begin to do开始做某事。故填to rain。
44.考查时间状语从句。句意：当他从屋里出来时，他惊奇地发现小黑羔羊全身几乎都变成了白色。引导时间状语从句，意为“当……时”，用引导词when。故填When。
45.考查固定用法。be astonished to do惊讶地做某事，对某事感到惊讶。故填astonished。
二、短文改错
【2019届山东省枣庄第八中学高三上学期一月月考】I am writing to tell you something about the transportation in China. Over the past few decades we had developed an amazing network of public transportation. Besides, we have been decided to make efforts to make them much better. I am sure a network will satisfy your needs for traveling everywhere more convenient. People usually choose the means of transportation based with some aspects, such as the costs and the time needing. For example, businessmen are more likely travel by plane or high-speed train to save time while office worker tend to take buses or drive to work themselves. I believe you will quickly figure out when to get around once you are in China.
【答案】
1. had改为have
2.去掉been
3.them改为it
4.a改为the
5. convenient改为conveniently
6.with改为on
7.needing改为needed
8. likely后加to
9. worker改为workers
10. when改为how
【解题思路】文章讲述的是有关中国交通的一些情况。
1.考查时态。根据Over the past few decades“在最近的几十年里”，可知句子用现在完成时态，故把had改成have。
2.考查语态。句意：此外，我们已经决定努力把它做得更好。结合句意可知此处是主动语态，故把been去掉。
3.考查人称代词。句意：此外，我们已经决定努力把它做得更好。the transportation“运输”是不可数名词，所以用人称代词it替代，故把them改成it。
4.考查定冠词the。句意：我相信网络将会更方便地满足你到处旅行的需要。固定用法：the network“网络”，故把a改成the。
5.考查词性转化。句意：我相信网络将会更方便地满足你到处旅行的需要。此处是副词修饰动词，故把convenient改成conveniently。
6.考查固定搭配。句意：人们通常根据一些方面来选择交通工具，例如成本和所需的时间。固定词组：be based on“以……为基础”，故把with改成on。
7.考查过去分词作后置定语。句意：人们通常根据一些方面来选择交通工具，例如成本和所需的时间。此处time 和need之间是一种被动关系，这里是过去分词作后置定语，故把needing改成needed。
8.考查固定结构。be likely to do sth.“很可能做某事”，故在likely后加to。
9.考查名词复数。句意：例如，商人更倾向于坐飞机或高铁来节省时间，而上班族则倾向于坐公交车或自己开车去上班。结合句意可知此处应该用名词复数，故把worker改成workers。
10.考查宾语从句引导词。句意：我相信，一旦你来到中国，你很快就会知道如何四处走动。结合句意可知此处是how引导的宾语从句，故把when改成how。
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