专题十一
状语从句
考向预测
从句中的连词用法比较复杂。同一个连词可以表达不同的意思，同一个意思可以用不同的连词进行表达，因此在学习连词时应注意以下几点：熟练掌握每一个连词的不同意义和用法；掌握同一意义可以运用不同的连词；同一意义可以运用不同的句式表达等等。高考中对于连词的考查主要表现在对于并列连词和从属连词的用法和辨析方面。这是考试的重点和难点所在。
状语从句一般可分为时间状语从句、地点状语从句、原因状语从句、目的状语从句、结果状语从句、条件状语从句、让步状语从句、比较状语从句、方式状语从句。2019年高考仍然是主要考查在具体的语境中 连词的正确使用。
知识与技巧的梳理
高考命题主要考查连词的判断选用，以及主句与从句谓语动词的时态运用；考查考生对不同类型从句的辨别能力，与其他从句、句型结合起来一起考查近年高考的发展趋向：从属连词在具体语境中的运用，及从属连词词义的延伸。设问角度越来越多样化。
考点1 状语从句的时态
高考主要考查时间、条件、让步状语从句用一般现在时表将来及一般过去时代替过去将来时的用法。如：
①He said he would go to Japan for holiday when he finished writing the book.他说他写完这本书后会去日本度假。
②Even if it snows tomorrow, the performance won’t be called off.即使明天下雪，演出也不会取消。
【典例】
It was nearly an hour the sleeping pill effect.
A. when; took B. before; took
C. since; takes D. before; would take
【答案】B
考查状语从句和时态。句意: 过了几乎一小时那片安眠药才起作用。此处before引导一个时间状语从句, 句型为: It was some time before. . . did. . . 表示“过了多久才……”。
考点2 状语从句的结构
高考主要考查结构较为复杂、特殊的状语从句，如no matter+疑问词；whatever，however，as引导的让步状语从句；“the+比较级…，the+比较级”中的比较状语从句等。如：
①The harder you work, the better your studies will be．你学习越努力，功课就越好。
②No matter what serious difficulties he met with，he could always overcome them．不管碰到多么可怕的困难，他总能克服。
【典例】
difficult and challenging the task may be, we must finish it on time, because there is a possibility we’ll be fired if we can’t fulfill the task on time.
A. Whatever; that B. However; that
C. Whatever; which D. However; as
【答案】B
【解析】考查状语从句和名词性从句。此处however引导让步状语从句, 构成句式“However+形容词/副词+正常语序+主句”; that引导一个同位语从句, 表示possibility的具体内容。
考点3 状语从句的省略
在时间、原因、条件、方式、让步等状语从句中，常常省略相同的主语或作主语的代词it以及be动词，保留现在分词、过去分词、介词短语、不定式成分。如果从句中有“it is+形容词”，也可以省略it is。如：
①Once printed, this dictionary will be very popular.一旦出版，这本词典会非常畅销。（Once后省去了it is）
②Do not leave the building until instructed to do so.接到指示后才可离开这幢房子。（until后省去了you are）
【典例】
The school rules state that no child shall be allowed out of the school during the day, accompanied by an adult.
A. once B. when C. if D. unless
【答案】D
【解析】考查省略的状语从句的连接词。句意应为“学校规章规定：除非有成年人陪同，否则孩子们在校间不能出学校。”表示“除非”用unless。该句式构成了“连词+过去分词”结构。故选D。
考点4 从属连词的选择和辨析
高考重点考查引导状语从句的从属连词，如引导时间状语从句的immediately, the moment, every time, once;引导条件状语从句的as long as；引导原因状语从句的now that, since；引导让步状语从句的even if, even though;引导目的状语从句的in case, in order that等。如：
①We hadn’t met for 20 years, but I recognized him the moment I saw him.我们已经有20年没有见面了，可是我一见到他就认出他来了。（时间状语从句）
②We should bring a knife in case that there are any dangerous animals there.我们应当带把刀，以防那儿有什么危险动物。（目的状语从句）
【典例】
We’d better stay here a little longer _________ he turns up unexpectedly.
A. although B. in case
C. since D. if only
【答案】B
【解析】考查状语从句。句意: 我们最好在这里多待一会儿, 免得他突然出现。此处in case引导一个目的状语从句。
考点5 where引导地点状语从句
要注意where引导的地点状语从句和where引导的定语从句、表语从句以及宾语从句的区别。如：
①The flower grows best where it often rains．这种花在经常下雨的地方长得最好。(地点状语从句)
②The flower grows best in the place where it often rains．这种花在经常下雨的地方长得最好。(定语从句)
【典例】
—Don’t look down upon Bob. He has his own advantages.
—Oh, yes. others are weak, he is strong.
A. If B. Where
C. When D. Though
【答案】选B
【解析】考查状语从句。句意: ——不要瞧不起鲍勃, 他有自己的优势。——哦, 是的, 别人的弱点正是他的强势所在。where引导地点状语从句。
限时训练
（45分钟）
经典常规题
一、单项选择
1.【2018•北京】_________ we don’t stop climate change, many animals and plants in the world will be gone.
A. Although B. While C. If D. Until
【答案】C
【解题思路】考查条件状语从句。句意：如果我们不阻止气候变化，世界上的许多动植物会消失。although虽然；while虽然，然而；if如果；until直到。根据句意可知此处表示假设，所以用if引导条件状语从句，故答案为C。
2.【2018•江苏】_______ you can sleep well, you will lose the ability to focus, plan and stay motivated after one or two nights.
A. Once B. Unless C. If D. When
【答案】B
【解题思路】考查条件状语从句。句意：如果你睡眠不好，一两晚之后你将失去集中注意力、做出计划以及保持活力的能力。once一旦；unless如果不，除非；if如果；when当……时。根据前后句之间的逻辑关系，所以答案为B。
3.【2018•天津】Let’s not pick these peaches until this weekend ___________they get sweet enough to be eaten.
A. ever since B. as if C. even though D. so that
【答案】D
【解题思路】考查目的状语从句。句意：我们这个周末再去摘这些桃子，这样的话，它们吃起来就很甜了。A. ever since“自那时起”；B. as if“好像”；C. even though“尽管”；D. so that“以便”。从句为目的状语从句，故用so that引导。选D。
4.【南京市 2019 届高三年级学情调研考试】After 40 years of reform and opening-up, China still has a long way to go it becomes a “developed economy”.
A. until B. before
C. after D. unless
【答案】B
【解题思路】考查状语从句连词。句意：经过40年的改革开放，中国在成为“发达经济体”之前还有很长的路要走。A. until直到...为止；B. before在...之前；C. after在...之后；D. unless除非。故选B。
5.【2017·北京】If you don’t understand something, you may research, study, and talk to other people _______ you figure it out.
A. because B. though C. until D. since
【答案】C
【解题思路】考查状语从句连词。A. because因为；B. though尽管；C. until直到；D. since自从。如果你无法理解某个东西，你可能会去研究，学习和他人探讨直到你弄明白为止，根据句意可知选用until，故选C。
6.【2017·北京】______ birds use their feathers for flight, some of their feathers are for other purposes.
A. Once B. If C. Although D. Because
【答案】C
【解题思路】考查状语从句连词。A. Once一旦；B. If如果；C. Although尽管；D. Because因为。句意：尽管鸟儿们用羽毛来飞翔，但是它们的一些羽毛还有其他用途。根据语境可知前后之间是让步关系，故选C。
7.【2017·北京】—Peter, please send us postcards ______ we’ll know where you have visited.
—No problem.
A. but B. or C. for D. so
【答案】D
【解题思路】考查连词。A. but但是；B. or或者；C. for因为；D. so因此。句意：Peter，请给我们寄明信片，因此我们就会知道你们去哪游览过，根据语境可知前后句之间是因果关系，故用so，选D。
8.【2017·江苏】 Located _______ the Belt meets the Road, Jiangsu will contribute more to the Belt and Road construction.
A. why B. when C. which D. where
【答案】D
【解题思路】考查状语从句。be located in+地点名词，位于/坐落某地，where引导的地点状语从句在此相当于in some place，故选D。句意：位于丝绸之路交汇处的江苏省将会对“一带一路”的建设作出更大的贡献。
9.【2016·北京】My grandfather still plays tennis now and then, ________ he’s in his nineties.
A. as long as B. as if C. even though D. in case
【答案】C
【解题思路】考查状语从句。句意：即使是九十多岁了，我的爷爷仍然时不时地打打网球。A.as long as只要，引导条件句；B.as if似乎，引导方式状语从句或表语从句；C. even though即使，引导让步状语从句；D.in case以防，引导目的状语从句。这里是转折关系，故选C。
10.【2016·北京】I really enjoy listening to music ________ it helps me relax and takes my mind away from other cares of the day.
A. because B. before C. unless D. until
【答案】A
【解题思路】考查原因状语从句。句意：我非常喜欢听音乐，因为它能让我放松，使我不去想其它的事情。前后是因果关系，故选A。
11.【2016·江苏】______some people are motivated by a need for success, others are motivated by a fear of failure.
A. Because B. If C. Unless D. While
【答案】D
【解题思路】考查连词。Because因为；if如果；unless除非，如果…不…；while尽管，然而，当…时。句意：尽管一些人被成功的渴望驱使着，但是其他人却被失败的恐惧驱使着前进。根据句意可知上下文之间存在转折关系，所以使用“while尽管…”连接。故选D。
12.【2016·天津】______ the average age of the population increases, there are more and more old people to care for.
A. Unless B. Until C. As D. While
【答案】C
【解题思路】句意：随着人口平均年龄的增长，越来越多的老人要照顾。unless除非；until直到；as因为，正如，随着；while虽然，然而，当…时候。根据语境，故选C。
二、单句语法填空
1.【2016·全国卷】Over time ,_______the population grew, people began cutting food into small pieces so it would cook more quickly.
【答案】as/when
【解题思路】考查时间状语从句：随着人口的增长，人们开始把食物切成小块，这样可以煮的快一点。
2.【2016·淮安卷】One Friday, we were _______(pack) to leave for a weekend away when my daughter heard cries for help.
【答案】packing
【解题思路】考查时间状语从句，be doing…when… 意为“某件事情正在发生突然发生另一动作”。
3.【2015·潍坊一模】 _________the areas used for playing fields are often rough and rocky, millions of real balls go flat within 24 hours.
【答案】Because
【解题思路】考查原因状语从句的引导词。根据语境可知，“他们用于踢球的地方，常常是崎岖的，多石的”是“球变瘪”的原因，表直接原因要用because。
4.【2015·全国卷】He had no sooner finished his speech _______the students started cheering.
【答案】than
【解题思路】考查时间状语从句：no sooner…than…; hardly/scarcely…when…的搭配。
5.【2015·重庆卷】If you miss this chance, it may be years ________you get another one.
【答案】before
【解题思路】考查时间状语从句,此题是it will be/may be/was＋一段时间＋before..。句意为如果你错过这次机会，可能还要在等很多年。
6.【2015·陕西调研】My mom didn’t wait a moment, but came ________(immediate) she received my call.
【答案】immediately
【解题思路】考查时间状语从句：一……就……。句意为：妈妈未等片刻，而是一接到我的电话就来了。
7.【2015·天津卷】We need to get the root of the problem______ we can solve it.
【答案】before
【解题思路】考查时间状语从句：在我们解决问题前，要先找到问题的根源。
8.【2014·江西卷】It was the middle of the night ________ my father woke me up and told me to watch the football game.
【答案】when
【解题思路】本句中的when引导的是一个时间状语从句。句意：夜半时分，我父亲把我叫醒来看足球赛。
9.【2014·四川卷】I’ll be out for some time, _______ anything important happens, call me up immediately.
【答案】in case/if
【解题思路】考查条件状语从句，句意：我要出去一会。万一有重要事情的话，立即给我打电话。
10.【2014·重庆卷】Half an hour later, Lucy still couldn’t get a taxi__________ the bus had dropped her.
【答案】where
【解题思路】考查地点状语从句。句意：半小时过后，露西在她下公共汽车的地方还没有搭上出租车。由句意可知地点状语从句中缺少地点副词，故where为答案。
高频易错题
一、单项选择
1.【江苏省南菁高级中学2017-2018学年第二学期期中考试】Important _______ having an ambition is, it must be channeled in the right direction. Otherwise, it would ruin ourselves and others.
A. though B. if
C. when D. while
【答案】A
【解题思路】考查状语从句。句意：尽管有雄心壮志是重要的，但是它必须被引导到正确的方向。否则，它会毁了我们自己和他人。A. though尽管；B. if如果；C. when 当...时候；D. while在...期间。此处though引导让步状语从句，相当于as（尽管），用部分倒装。故选A。
2.【2017届北京市海淀区高三5月期末练习（二模）】It’s always a good idea to have a second key somewhere you lose the first one.
A. in case B. now that
C. even though D. as long as
【答案】A
【解题思路】考查连词。in case万一；now that既然；even though即使；as long as只要。句意：在某处有两把钥匙总是一个好主意，以防你丢了第一把钥匙。故选A。
3.【2017届江苏省南京市高三第三次模拟】While working in Kunming, he checked the weather each morning for months ________he realized it would be the same every day.
A. when B. after C. before D. since
【答案】C
【解题思路】考查连词。句意：在昆明工作的时候，在他意识到每天天气都一样之前，连续几个月来他都在早上查天气。when当……时候；after在……之后；before用作连词时，意思是“在……之前”；since自从……。故选C。
4.【2017届江苏省南通、扬州、泰州、淮安四市高三下学期第三次模拟】You can use this room for your club activities tomorrow ______ you keep it tidy and clean.
A. for fear that B. in case
C. on condition that D. even if
【答案】C
【解题思路】考查状语从句。A. for fear that唯恐，以免；B. in case万一，假使；C. on condition that如果；D. even if即使，虽然。句意：如果你能保持这个房间干净整洁，明天你可以用它来开展俱乐部活动。此处表示条件，故选C。
5.【2017届天津市十二重点中学高三毕业班联考（二）】Kate was very sad over loss of the photos she had shot in China, ____this was a memory she especially treasured.
A. if B. when
C. as D. which
【答案】C
【解题思路】考察连词。句意：Kate对于她在中国拍摄的照片的遗失感到很沮丧，因为她特别珍惜那段记忆。as因为。故选C。
6.【北京市大兴区2017届高三一模】 Dimash appeared on the stage of Singer 2017, his voice instantly won hearts of Chinese audience.
A. As long as B. As soon as C. Now that D. Ever since
【答案】B
【解题思路】考查连词辨析。句意：迪玛希一出现在2017歌手的舞台上，他的声音立刻就赢得了中国观众的心。as long as只要；as soon as 一……就……；now that既然；ever since从那时起到现在。B项符合语境。
7.【江苏省连云港市、徐州市、宿迁市2017届高三年级第三次模拟】“ ________ I went through ups and downs in life,” Gordon said, “I never found the importance of being self- disciplined as well as the significance of life.”
A. If B. Since
C. Until D. Unless
【答案】C
【解题思路】考查连词。A.如果；B.自从；C.直到；D除非。其中until+否定式，表示“直到……才……”
。句意：“直到我经历了生活的起起伏伏，”Gordon说，“我才发现自律的重要性和生活的意义。”故选C。
8.【江苏省淮阴中学2017届高三下学期期初考】Everyone in the tourist industry has made the point that ______ government assistance is helpful, what they actually need most is for the visitors themselves to return.
A. as B. when
C. while D. since
【答案】C
【解题思路】考查引导让步状语从句的连词。句意：从事旅游业的每个人都表示，尽管政府的援助确实有帮助，但是他们真正需要的是让游客自己回来。这里需要选择的是一个引导让步状语从句的关系连词。选项A的as引导的让步状语从句需要倒装，这里没有倒装，故排除选项A；选项B的when表示“当……时候”和选项D“既然”，在意义上不符，故排除B、D选项；选项C的while引导让步状语从句时，相当于though和although，表示“尽管”，故选C。
9.【江苏省前黄高级中学2017届高三一模】“__________, we believe the overall policy stand is to support a two-way opening of the Chinese capital market and it will continue this year,” he added.
A. As some bottlenecks are difficult to be broken
B. As some bottlenecks are difficult to break
C. Difficult as some bottlenecks are to be broken
D. Difficult as some bottlenecks are to break
【答案】D
【解题思路】考查as引导的让步状语从句。as表“尽管”引导的让步状语从句要用部分倒装，形容词放在as前面。句意：“尽管一些瓶颈很难打破，但是我们认为整体的政策立场是支持中国资本市场的双向开放，并且今年将会持续”，他补充说。故选D。
10. 【江苏省苏锡常镇2017届高三英语教学情况调查（二）】The majority of new businesses fail because, ________ they have a product or service that fills a gap in the market, they usually lack the skills in sales, marketing, and administration.
A. now that B. even if
C. as long as D. as though
【答案】B
【解题思路】考查连词辨析。A. now that既然；B. even if即使；C. as long as只要；D. as though仿佛，好像。句意：大多数的新业务失败了，因为即使他们有产品或者服务填补了市场空白，但他们通常在销售、营销和管理等方面缺乏技巧。根据句意选B。
11.【2017届北京市东城区高三5月综合练习（二模）】We packed all the books in the wooden boxes_______ they wouldn’t get damaged.
A. as long as B. as if
C. in case D. so that
【答案】D
【解题思路】考查连词辨析。as long as只要；as if好像；in case以防，万一；so that以便。句意：我们把所有的书都打包放进木箱子里，以便他们不被损坏。故选D。
精准预测题
一、语法填空
【2018年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试考前适应性试题】There was a state ____1____ (call) Zhou in the Chinese history. One day, the king of Zhou asked his officials for advice on ___2____ (deal) with the prisoners of war. An official said, “If you love someone, you ____3____ (suppose) to love even the crows on the roof of his house. The prisoners of war are enemies fighting against us. In my opinion, we’d better ____4____ (kill) them all.”
But the king didn’t agree with him. “I think we should treat the prisoner of war ____5____ (different) by differing them into those who are guilty and those who are not. They guilty ones will be sentenced ____6____ death in order to avoid future disasters.”
Then another one said, “Your majesty, I think all the prisoners should be set free and sent back home to work in the fields and support themselves by their own labor. ___7____, you should keep strictly the rules for reward and ____8____ (punish). The people are sure to believe in you ____9____ you govern our country be morals and laws.”
The king thought the official’s proposal was quite reasonable so be accepted and followed it. As ___10____ result, the domestic situation soon settled down and gradually the country became stronger.
【答案】1. called 2. dealing 3. are supposed 4. kill 5. differently
6. to 7. Besides/ Moreover 8. punishment 9. if 10. a
【解题思路】本文是一篇记叙文。中国古代的周朝皇帝向大臣们征求处理战犯的建议，他采纳了大臣的合理建议，国内局势很快安定下来，国家逐渐变得更加强大。
1. 考查过去分词。句意：在中国历史上有一个叫周的国家。此处是过去分词做后置定语，故答案为called。
2. 考查动名词。句意：一天，周王问他的官员如何处理战俘问题。介词on后面用动名词做宾语，故答案为dealing。
3. 考查固定结构。句意：如果你爱一个人，你就应该爱他的一切。be supposed to本应该做某事，结合句意，句子用一般现在时态，主语是you，故答案为are supposed。
4. 考查固定结构。had better do sth.最好做某事，故答案为kill。
5. 考查副词。句意：我认为我们应该以不同的方式对待战俘。副词修饰动词，故答案为differently。
6. 考查固定词组。句意：为了避免未来的灾难，他们将被判处死刑。be sentenced to 被判刑，故答案为to。
7. 考查副词。句意：我认为所有的囚犯都应该被释放，然后被遣送回家在地里干活，靠自己的劳动养活自己。另外，你应该严格遵守奖励和惩罚的规则。结合句意，前后是递进关系。故答案为Besides/ Moreover。
8. 考查名词。句意：另外，你应该严格遵守奖励和惩罚的规则。介词后面用名词、动名词、代词做宾语，故答案为punishment。
9. 考查条件状语从句。句意：如果你用道德和法律治理我们的国家，人民一定会相信你。句子是if引导的条件状语从句，故答案为if。
10. 考查固定短语。As a result结果，故答案为a。
二、短文改错
【2018·卷Ⅱ】When I was little, Friday’s night was our family game night. After supper, we would play card games of all sort in the sitting room. As the kid, I loved to watch cartoons, but no matter how many times I asked to watching them, my parents would not to let me. They would say to us that playing card games would help my brain. Still I unwilling to play the games for them sometimes. I didn’t realize how right my parents are until I entered high school. The games my parents taught me where I was a child turned out to be very useful later in my life.
【答案】① Friday’s night的Friday’s改为Friday
② sort改为sorts
③ As the kid的the 改为a
④ watching改为watch
⑤ let 前的to去掉
⑥ us改为me
⑦ unwilling前加was
⑧ for改为with
⑨ are改为were
⑩ where改为when
【解题思路】本文讲述作者小时候想看动画片，但是却被父母逼着做游戏，长大后才知道父母的良苦用心。
①考查名词所有格。在表达某一天的上午下午晚上时用普通格不用所有格，故答案为Friday’s 改为Friday。
②考查名词的数。sort种类，是可数名词，同kind。all sorts of各种各样的。故答案为sort改为sorts。
③考查冠词的用法。句意：作为一个小孩，我喜欢看动画片。此处表示泛指，as a kid，故答案为the改为a。
④考查动词不定式。句意：但是不管有多少次我请求看（动画片），我的父母都不让我看。ask to do sth.请求做某事。故答案为watching改为watch。
⑤考查过去将来时的结构。would是情态动词，后跟动词原形，故答案为去掉to。
⑥考查代词和句意。根据上下文可知是父母对“我”说，故答案为us改为me。
⑦考查动词的句法结构。此处unwilling是形容词，需要加上be动词才能构成谓语部分，根据上下文的时态可知此处是一般过去时，be动词用was，故答案为unwilling前加was。
⑧考查介词的用法。短语play sth. with sb.和某人玩……，故答案为for改为with。
⑨考查动词的时态。由本句中entered的时态可知用一般过去时，故答案为are改为were。
⑩考查状语从句连词辨析。句意：小时候父母教给我的结果在后来的生活中是非常有用的。where表示地点，而本句指作者“小时候”，故答案为where改为when。
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