江苏专用2019高考英语二轮培优复习专题一单项填空板块三语境类课件20190120176.ppt

考试大纲 要求 考纲解读 要求考生读懂简易的英语文学作品、科普文章、公告、说明、广告，以及书籍、报纸、杂志中关于一般性话题的简短文章并回答相关问题。考生应能根据文中提供的信息，用恰当的词语完成与短文相关的图表。 该题属综合能力考查题，强调主观表达能力、语言理解能力和逻辑推断能力。 从某种意义上来说，任务型阅读是客观题阅读到主观题的自然过渡，其能力要求在阅读理解以上、书面表达以下。此题型重点考查语言的综合运用能力，也可以理解为另一种方式的阅读，因此，考生必须具备一定的阅读和写作能力。 江苏高考任务型阅读近五年考情分布 年份 标题 词数 阅读文体 2018 How Arts Promote Our Economy 416 说明文 2017 Population Change 488 说明文 2016 An Extension of the Human Brain 430 说明文 2015 What News Stories Do You Read ？ 411 说明文 2014 What Is Peer Pressure 407 议论文 从上表可以看出，近五年江苏高考任务型阅读的文章体裁以 说明文为主 ，偶有议论文出现，词数在 400 ～ 500 之间，一般都比较难。这类文章结构清晰，很容易把握文章脉络。在题材的选取上更加富有时代气息，更加贴近考生的实际生活。要想任务型阅读得高分，考生必须具备极强的信息转换和概括能力！在复习中，要注意以下几点： 1. 注意对 词义和词性转化 的积累，提高对固定搭配的敏感度。 2. 重视对句子、段落与文章之间的 逻辑关系 的剖析，多进行概括总结题的训练。 3. 熟读课文和历年高考真题中的任务型阅读、完形填空和阅读理解经典篇目，培养对原汁原味文章深入理解的语感。 How Arts Promote Our Economy When most people think of the arts, they imagine the end product, the beautiful painting ， a wonderful piece of music ， or an award-winning performance in the theater.But arts groups bring broader value to our communities.The economic impact of the arts is often overlooked and badly judged. The arts create jobs that help develop the economy.Any given performance takes a tour bus full of artists, technical experts ， managers ， musicians, or writers to create an appealing piece of art.These people earn a living wage for their professional knowledge and skills. Another group of folks is needed to help market the event.“If you build it they will come” is a misleading belief.Painters ， digital media experts, photographers, booking agents and promoters are hired to sell tickets and promote the event.According to the Dallas Area Cultural Advocacy Coalition, arts agencies employ more than 10 ， 000 people as full-or part-time employees or independent contractors. A successful arts neighborhood creates a ripple effect ( 连锁反应 )throughout a community.In 2005, when the Bishop Arts Theatre was donated to our town, the location was considered a poor area of town.After investing more than $1 million in reconstructing the building, we began producing a full season of theater performances, jazz concerts, and year-round arts education programs in 2008.Nearly 40 percent of jazz lovers live outside of the Dallas city limits and drive or fly in to enjoy an evening in the Bishop Arts District. No doubt the theater has contributed to the area’s development and economic growth.Today , there are galleries, studios, restaurants and newly built work spaces where neighbors share experiences, where there is renewed life and energy.In this way, arts and culture also serve as a public good. TeCo Theatrical Productions Inc.made use of Bloomberg’s investment of $35 ， 000 to get nearly $400 ， 000 in public and private sector support during the two-year period.Further , Dallas arts and arts-based businesses produce $298 for every dollar the city spends on arts programming and facilities.In Philadelphia, a metro area smaller than Dallas, the arts have an economic impact of almost $3 billion and support 44 ， 000 jobs, 80 percent of which actually lie outside the arts industry, including accountants, marketers, construction workers, hotel managers, printers ， and other kinds of art workers. The arts are efficient economic drivers and when they are supported ， the entire small-business community benefits. It is wrong to assume arts groups cannot make a profit.But in order to stay in business, arts groups must produce returns.If you are a student studying the arts, chances are you have been ill-advised to have a plan B.But those who truly understand the economic impact and can work to change the patterns can create a wide range of career possibilities. Arts as an economic driver Our communities (71)________ from arts in terms of economy. (72)________ of arts’ promoting our economy Arts activity demands a (n) (73)________ effort. It involves creation ， performance ， and (74)________. ◆ Artists make a living through their creative work. ◆ Others get paid by marketing the event. Arts have a gradually spreading (75)________. They could help promote other industries whether they lie inside or outside arts. ◆ Besides tickets, some jazz lovers will pay their (76)________ to and from the events. ◆ Arts contribute to cultural development when people gather together to share their experience and renew their energy. (72)________ of arts’ promoting our economy Investment in arts could produce potential (77)________ economic results. ◆ TeCo used a $ 35 ， 000 art investment to attract an overall support of $ 400 ， 000. ◆ In Dallas, one dollar invested in arts could harvest an extraordinary return of nearly $ 300. ◆ In Philadelphia the arts have created about 35 ， 000 job opportunities for workers (78)________ arts industry. Art students making a good living With these (79)________ in mind, art students need not worry about their career and have a(n ) (80)________ plan. 【语篇解读】　 本文是一篇说明文，主要讲述了艺术是如何促进经济发展的。 71.benefit 　 [ 信息转换题。根据第一段第二句 “ But arts groups bring broader value to our communities ” 可知，从经济方面来讲，我们的社区从艺术中得到了很多的好处。短语 benefit from “ 从 …… 中受益 ” ，故填 benefit 。 ] 72.Ways 　 [ 信息概括题。根据表格的提示和文章内容可知，此处讲述了艺术推进经济发展的几种途径，故填 Ways 。 ] 73.joint/collective 　 [ 信息转换题。根据文章第二段中的 “ The arts create jobs...an appealing piece of art ” 可知，艺术活动需要艺术家、科技专家、经理、音乐家或作家的共同努力，故填 joint/collective 。 ] 74.promotion/marketing 　 [ 信息查找题。根据文章第三段中的“ Another group of folks is needed to help market the event ” 可知，还需要另一些人帮助推销，故填 promotion/marketing 。 ] 75.effect 　 [ 信息查找题。根据第四段中提到的一系列数据可推知，艺术有逐渐扩大的影响，故填 effect 。 ] 76.fares 　 [ 信息转换题。根据第四段最后一句 “ Nearly 40 percent of jazz...in to enjoy an evening in the Bishop Arts District ” 可知，除了票的费用之外，一些爵士乐爱好者还要支付往返活动场所的费用，故填 fares 。 ] 77.positive 　 [ 信息概括题。第六段讲述的是艺术方面的投资能够产生潜在的积极的经济效益，故填 positive 。 ] 78.outside/beyond 　 [ 信息查找题。根据第六段最后一句 “ ...actually lie outside the arts industry... ” 中的 outside 的提示可知这里填 outside/beyond 。 ] 79.statistics/data/analyses 　 [ 信息概括题。最后一段是总结，上面通过一系列数据来说明艺术能带来经济效益，故填 statistics/data/analyses 。 ] 80.alternative 　 [ 信息转换题。根据文章最后一段中的 “ If you are a student studying the arts ， chances are you have been ill-advised to have a plan B ” 可知，艺术生不需要担心他们的工作，他们有选择的机会，故填 alternative 。 ] Population Change Why is the world’s population growing ？ The answer is not what you might think.The reason for the explosion is not that people have been reproducing like rabbits ， but that people have stopped dropping dead like flies.In 1900 ， people died at the average age of 30.By 2000 the average age was 65.But while increasing health was a typical feature of the 20th century ， declining birth rate could be a defining one of the 21st. Statistics show that the average number of births per woman has fallen from 4.9 in the early 1960s to 2.5 nowadays.Furthermore ， around 50% of the world’s population live in regions where the figure is now below the replacement level(i.e.2.1 births per woman)and almost all developed nations are experiencing sub-replacement birth rate.You might think that developing nations would make up the loss(especially since 80% of the world’s people now live in such nations) ， but you’d be wrong.Declining birth rate is a major problem in many developing regions too ， which might cause catastrophic global shortages of work force within a few decades. A great decline in young work force is likely to occur in China ， for instance.What does it imply ？ First ， China needs to undergo rapid economic development before a population decline hits the country.Second ， if other factors such as technology remain constant ， economic growth and material expectations will fall well below recent standards and this could invite trouble. Russia is another country with population problems that could break its economic promise.Since 1992 the number of people dying has been bigger than that of those being born by a massive 50%.Indeed official figures suggest the country has shrunk by 5% since 1993 and people in Russia live a shorter life now than those in 1961.Why is this occurring ？ Nobody is quite sure ， but poor diet and above all long-time alcoholism have much to do with it.If current trends don’t bend ， Russia’s population will be about the size of Yemen’s by the year 2050. In the north of India ， the population is booming due to high birth rates ， but in the south ， where most economic development is taking place ， birth rate is falling rapidly.In a further twist ， birth rate is highest in poorly educated rural areas and lowest in highly educated urban areas.In total ， 25% of India’s working-age population has no education.In 2030 ， a sixth of the country’s potential work force could be totally uneducated. One solution is obviously to import foreign workers via immigration.As for the USA ， it is almost unique among developed nations in having a population that is expected to grow by 20% from 2010—2030.Moreover ， the USA has a track record of successfully accepting immigrants.As a result it’s likely to see a rise in the size of its working-age population and to witness strong economic growth over the longer term. 【语篇解读】　 本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了世界人口变化的趋势及其原因，并分析了几个国家存在的人口问题。 71.lower 　 [ 信息概括题。根据第一段最后一句中的 “declining birth rate could be a defining one of the 21st ” 与第二段第一句 “ Statistics show that the average number of births per woman has fallen from 4.9 in the early 1960s to 2.5 nowadays. ” 可知， 21 世纪的出生率要比以前低很多，故答案为 lower 。 ] 72.size/scale 　 [ 信息概括题。根据第二段的 “ almost all developed nations are experiencing sub-replacement birth rate ” 和 “ Declining birth rate is a major problem...work force within a few decades. ” 可知，发达国家保持人口的现有规模也是困难重重。 size/scale 表示 “ 尺寸，大小，规模 ” ，符合文意。 ] 73.immediate 　 [ 信息转换题。根据第二段最后一句中的“ which might cause catastrophic global shortages of work force within a few decades ” 可知，在发展中国家，出生率下降的影响是灾难性的，但不会立即显现出来，而要等到几十年之后，故答案为 immediate 。 ] 74.economic 　 [ 信息查找题。根据第三段最后一句 “ Second ， if other factors such as technology...this could invite trouble. ” 以及第四段第一句 “ Russia is another country with population problems that could break its economic promise. ” 可以看出人口与经济的发展是密不可分的，人口出生率的下降也必将给经济的发展带来压力。 ] 75.old/older 　 [ 信息转换题。根据第三段第一句中的 “ A great decline in young work force is likely to occur in China ” 可知，中国的青壮年劳动力可能会大幅度减少，即劳动力老龄化，故答案为 old/older 。 ] 76.earlier 　 [ 信息转换题。根据第四段中的 “ people in Russia live a shorter life now than those in 1961 ” 可知，俄罗斯人的寿命比 1961 年短了许多，即很多人早逝，故答案为 earlier 。 ] 77.living/life 　 [ 信息概括题。根据第四段中对俄罗斯人的不良饮食习惯和酗酒的描述可以看出，他们的生活方式需要改变。 way of living/life “ 生活方式 ” 。 ] 78.equality 　 [ 信息概括题。根据第五段中对于印度人口出生率以及经济发展与教育的关系的叙述可以得出这样的结论：印度若能实现公民受教育机会的平等化，它的经济会有大的增长。 equality “ 平等 ” ，符合文意。 ] 79.immigration 　 [ 信息查找题。根据最后一段第一句 “ One solution is obviously to import foreign workers via immigration...by 20% from 2010-2030. ” 可知，通过移民这种方法美国在 2010 年至 2030 年中将使人口增加 20% 。 ] 80.compensate 　 [ 信息概括题。根据最后一段的最后一句 “ As a result it ’ s likely to see a rise...growth over the longer term. ” 可知，移民可能会带来劳动力人口的增加和经济的迅速增长，从而弥补青壮年劳动力的缺乏。 compensate “ 补偿，弥补 ” ，符合文意。 ] An Extension of the Human Brain Other people can help us compensate for our mental and emotional deficiencies( 欠缺 ) ， much as a wooden leg can compensate for a physical deficiency.To be exact ， other people can extend our intelligence and help us understand and adjust our emotions.When another person helps us in such ways ， he or she is participating in what I’ve called a “ social prosthetic ( 义肢的 ) system. ” Such systems do not need to operate face-to-face ， and it’s clear to me that the Internet is expanding the range of my own social prosthetic systems.It’s already a big bank of many minds.Even in its current state ， the Internet has extended my memory and judgment. Regarding memory: Once I look up something on the Internet ， I don’t need to keep all the details for future use—I know where to find that information again and can quickly and easily do so.More generally ， the Internet functions as if it were my memory.This function of the Internet is particularly striking when I’m writing; I’m no longer comfortable writing if I’m not connected to the Internet.It’s become natural to check facts as I write ， taking a minute or two to dip into PubMed ， Wikipedia ， or other websites. Regarding judgment: The Internet has made me smarter in matters small and large.For example ， when I’m writing a textbook ， it has become second nature to check a dozen definitions of a key term ， which helps me dig into the core and understand its meaning.But more than that ， I now regularly compare my views with those of many others.If I have a “ new idea ， ” I now quickly look to see whether somebody else has already thought of it ， or something similar—and I then compare what I think with what others have thought.This certainly makes my own views clearer.Moreover ， I can find out whether my reactions to an event are reasonable enough by reading about those of others on the Internet. These effects of the Internet have become even more striking since I’ve begun using a smartphone.I now regularly pull out my phone to check a fact ， watch a video ， read w eibo .Such activities fill the spaces that used to be dead time (such as waiting for somebody to arrive for a lunch meeting). But that’s the upside ( 好处 ).The downside is that in those dead periods I often would let my thoughts flow and sometimes would have an unexpected insight or idea.Those opportunities are now fewer and farther between. An Extension of the Human Brain A prosthetic nature ● The (71)________ can help make up for our mental and emotional deficiencies as a wooden leg can compensate for a bodily deficiency. ● It (72)________ in our daily events extending our intelligence ， comprehending our feelings ， and expanding the range of social activities. Wonderful aspects: memory and judgment ● On the Internet ， we could quickly and easily locate the details ， and check facts ， without(73)________ them in mind. ● The Internet makes us smarter over (74)________ kinds of things.It provides a dozen definitions of a key term for us to find the (75)________ of the matter. ● The Internet enables us to exchange ideas with many others to (76)________ our claims ， and to (77)________ our actions. The (78)________ sides of smartphones ● Smartphones make it easier and more (79)________ to check reality ， watch video clips ， read w eibo . ● Smartphones(80)________ the possibility for new and insightful minds ， and steal away our dead time. 71.Internet 　 [ 信息查找题。根据第一段第四句 “ Such systems do not need to operate face-to-face and it ’ s clear to me that the Internet is expanding the range of my own social prosthetic systems. ” 可知因特网可以拓宽社会义肢系统的范围，也就是说网络可以弥补我们精神和情感上的缺陷。 ] 72.participates/joins 　 [ 信息转换题。根据第一段最后两句 “ It ’ s already a big bank of many minds.Even in its current state ， the Internet has extended my memory and judgment. ” 可知动词短语 “ participate/join in ” 符合句意。 ] 73.keeping 　 [ 信息转换题。根据第二段第一句 “ Once I look up something on the Internet ， I don ’ t need to keep all the details... ” 可知动词短语 “ keep...in mind 记住 ” ，在表格中放在介词 without 的后面，要使用动名词 keeping 的形式。 ] 74.all/different/various 　 [ 信息转换题。根据第三段第一句 “ The Internet has made me smarter in matters small and large. ” 可知原文中 “ matters small and large ” 就是 “ all/different/various ” 的事情。 ] 75.heart/core 　 [ 信息转换题。根据第三段第二句 “ ...which helps me dig into the core and understand its meaning ” 可知网络能让我们找到事物的核心并理解其真正含义。故短语 “ the core/heart of the matter ” 和原文中 “ dig into the core ” 语义一致。 ] 76.check 　 [ 信息转换题。根据第三段第四句 “ If I have a ‘ new idea ’ ， I now quickly look to see whether somebody else has already thought of it ， or something similar—and I then compare what I think with what others have thought. ” 可知当我们有了新的观点以后，我们会上网检查核对别人是否已经有了同样的观点，并对自己的行动做出判断。表格中 check 与原文语义一致。 ] 77.judge 　 [ 信息概括题。根据第三段最后一句 “ Moreover ， I can find out whether my reactions to an event are reasonable enough by reading about those of others on the Internet. ” 可知在网络上阅读其他人的信息，让我判断我的行为是否合理，所以表格里使用动词 judge 。 ] 78.mixed/two 　 [ 信息概括题。在文章最后两段中既提到了智能手机的优点也提到了其缺点。所以这是智能手机的正反两方面内容，所以使用形容词 “ mixed/two ” 。 ] 79.convenient 　 [ 信息转换题。根据第四段后两句 “ I now regularly pull out my phone to check a fact ， watch a video ， read w eibo .Such activities fill the spaces that used to be dead time (such as waiting for somebody to arrive for a lunch meeting). ” 可知我们可以使用智能手机随时查消息，看视频，读微博，使用起来非常方便。所以使用形容词 “ convenient ” 。 ] 80.reduce 　 [ 信息转换题。根据文章最后一句可知，现在这样的机会很少了，故本题答案为 reduce 。 ]