北京2019中考英语阅读理解（七）
专题十八 阅读理解
第7讲北京西城二模阅读理解CD篇
教学目标
1. 掌握本篇阅读理解中出现的高频词及长难句。
2. 掌握阅读理解的解题技巧, 并能够指出本篇阅读理解中运用到的解题技巧。
3. 通过阅读理解高频词、长难句等语料的积累, 及阅读理解解题技巧的练习, 灵活应对各种阅读理解题。
C篇
名师点拨
知识篇
“巧妇难为无米之炊”, 在英语学习的过程中, 语料的积累至关重要。对于阅读理解高频词和长难句的梳理, 能够为我们今后的学习和提升打下良好的基础。
亲爱的同学, 老师已经为你梳理出了本篇文章中的一些高频词和长难句, 快来看看你掌握了吗？
高频词（课前检测学生的词汇量储备, 以教师提问的形式进行。能够准确翻译的为优, 模糊翻译的良, 不会翻译的为差。）
单词/短语
词性
词义
拓展
掌握情况
优
良
差
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speak up
大声讲，畅所欲言
online
adj.
在线的
get along with
与…和睦相处
disagree
v.
不同意
opp. agree
n. disagreement
argue
v.
争论，辩论
n. argument
respectfully
adv.
恭敬地
adj. respectful
discussion
n.
讨论
v. discuss
calmly
adj.
冷静地，平静的
point out
指出，指明
patient
adj.
有耐心的
lie
v.
说谎，躺
n. 谎言
avoid
v.
避开，避免
wrong
adj.
错误的
opp. right
trust
v.
相信，信任
freedom
n.
自由
adj. free
长难句（课前检测学生的句型储备, 以教师提问的形式进行。能够准确翻译的为优, 模糊翻译的良, 不会翻译的为差。）
1. About two out of three kids said they get along very well with their parents.（优*良*差*）
_________________________________________________________________________________________________
句意：大约三分之二的孩子们说他们与父母相处的很好。
本句中包含着一个由that引导的宾语从句，作said的宾语，that省略。
2. When they disagree with their parents, they say they have a discussion calmly.（优*良*差*）
_________________________________________________________________________________________________
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句意：当他们与父母意见不一致的时候，他们说他们进行了冷静地讨论。
本句中包含着一个由when引导的时间状语从句，当…的时候。
3. Kids and parents get along differently at different times of the journey of life. （优*良*差*）
_________________________________________________________________________________________________
句意：孩子们和父母在生命旅程的不同时期的相处是不同的。
本句翻译时要注意中英语序的差别。
方法篇
“方法得当, 事半功倍。”只有语料的积累, 没有好方法的辅助也是不够的。对于阅读理解解题方法的梳理, 能够帮助我们更好地理解阅读理解的命题逻辑, 在有足够语料积累的基础上, 能够帮助我们争取高分。
亲爱的同学, 老师已经为你精心整理了阅读理解的解题技巧, 快来看看你掌握了多少？
一、阅读理解解题步骤
第一步
快速浏览全文，了解文章大概。
浏览时要注意以下句子：每段的开头和结尾，重要的情节句子，如果遇到未学或不认识的单词或不理解的句子，可以根据上下文猜测，切不可停留而放慢速度。
第二步
浏览问题，明确要求。
把文章后每个题目内容看明白，这样又能辅助进一步理解文章的主要内容，具体做题时就能对号入座，找到文章中确切表达所要回答问题的关键句子。
第三步
通篇寻读，确定段落。
也就是带着问题去读，找到要回答问题的关键词、句或意群，以及任何有关答题的信息，用铅笔画下来，以便为下一步答题做好充分准备。
第四步
逐条分析，对号入座。
把需要回答的问题和寻读中找到的信息逐条分析，对号入座。一般来说，出题者问题设计都是按照文章内容自上到下顺序设计的，根据难度先解决容易的，最后解决深层次的理解题。
第五步
复读全文，验证答案。
全部题目做完后，必须再仔细阅读一遍全文，进一步加深对文章理解，核实所选答案是否正确。
二、阅读理解解题技巧
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初中英语选择型阅读理解题主要分为四种题型，分别是细节理解题，推理判断题，猜测词义题和主旨大意题。接下来我们将从这四种题型的定义，设题方式和解题技巧三方面进行介绍。
题型
题型一：细节理解题
解释
本类试题主要考察学生对阅读材料中的某一特定细节或文章的主要事实的理解能力。问题包括询问人（who）、物（what）、时间（when）、地点（where）、原因（cause）、结果（effect）、文中的数据（data）等。新闻、说明文、广告信息等常常考察这些细节。
设题方式
1. Which of the following statements is true/false?
2. Which of the following is (not) mentioned?
3. According to the passage, when( where, why, how, who, etc)…?
解题技巧
1. 细心审题，直接就题找答案
2. 变通理解，间接转述找答案
3. 多点归纳，综合事实找答案
典题精析
Which hand do you use when write? About 8 to 15 percent of people are left handed. They often have to use tools that are designed for right-handed people. So it is difficult for left-handers to use most tools. If you are right handed, try this experiment: Take a knife with your left hand and try cutting a potato into pieces. Don’t be surprised if you feel awkward（别扭的）.
If right-handers cut up potatoes with their left hand, they will .
A. get hurt B. give up cutting C. feel awkward D. change their tools
本题可以运用到解题技巧1. 细心审题，直接就题找答案
浏览题干，确定关键短语为cut up potatoes with their left hand，浏览段落，确定关键句 If you are right handed, try this experiment: Take a knife with your left hand and try cutting a potato into pieces. Don’t be surprised if you feel awkward（别扭的）.“如果你是一个习惯用右手的人，用左手拿刀把土豆切成块。如果你感到别扭并不让人惊讶。”，根据句意即可推断出正确答案，故选C。
题型
题型二：推理判断题
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解释
推理判断题着重考察学生的逻辑思维能力，即要求学生根据文章的逻辑关系进行推理判断。此类题目难度大，涉及面广，如人物的性格、心理，故事的结局、寓意，文章的出处、体裁，作者的倾向、态度等。
设题方式
1. It can be inferred from the text that_____.
2. From the text we know that _____.
3. With which of the following does the author agree?
4. The passage is probably taken from a _____.
解题技巧
1. 通过文章陈述的事实进行推断
2. 根据文章所提供的的背景，人物的表情，动作和语言进行推断
3. 根据作者的意图和态度进行推断
典题精析
Boredom is often linked with loneliness, but a writer named Meera Syal said boredom had helped her in developing her mind. She told researchers about her childhood. Having few things to do, Syal often talked with her neighbors. She also tried to do things like learning to bake cakes. “But importantly, I Thought and wrote a lot, because I was bored,” Syal said. She kept a diary, filling her time with short stories and poems she made up.
Grayson Perry, an artist, grew up in a family with little money. He enjoyed himself by making up stories, drawing pictures for his stories and reading many books in the library. Bored but free, he spent hours looking out of the window, watching the changing clouds and seasons. Perry filled up his free time with what he liked. He became creative, because he could think freely.
The writer talks about Syal and Perry to .
A. stress the great differences between them
B. introduce a popular writer and a famous artist
C. suggest good ways of going through boredom
D. show effects of boredom on developing creativity
本题可以运用到解题技巧2. 根据文章所提供的的背景，人物的表情，动作和语言进行推断
题干意为“作者谈论Syal 和Perry的例子的目的是什么？”。两个段落很长，我们首先要精读段落，抓住两个人物的态度，第一段中关键句为a writer named Meera Syal said boredom had helped her in developing her mind.意为“Meera Syal说无聊帮助她发展了她的思想”，第二段关键句为He became creative, because he could think freely.意为“他变得积极，因为他能够自由思考”
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，由这两句关键句可知两个人都认为“无聊可以发展创造力，”，故选D。
题型
题型三：词义猜测题
解释
单词的猜测能力是阅读理解能力的主要组成部分，是考查对文中关键词语的理解。而且，所考察的词或短语的意义往往不停留在字面上，要根据文中语境来判断。
设题方式
1. The underlined sentence in the last paragraph means ______.
2. The word“…”most likely means _____.
3. Which of the following is closest in meaning to the word _____.
解题技巧
1. 通过因果关系猜测词义
2. 通过同义词和近、反义词的关系猜测词义
3. 通过构词法猜测词义
4. 通过定义或释义说明来猜测词义
5. 通过描述猜测词义
6. 用知识和生活经验猜测词义
7. 根据上下文的指代关系猜测词义
典题精析
Children are expected by their parents to be reading a textbook all the time. However, research shows that it may hamper the development of their imagination, while boredom can give them opportunities to develop creativity.
What does the word “hamper” in Paragraph 2 probably mean?
A. Slow down. B. Keep up with. C. Go beyond. D. Give rise to.
本题可以运用到解题技巧2. 通过同义词和近、反义词的关系猜测词义
浏览本段，会发现本段中存在转折连词while“然而”，while后的句意为“无聊能给他们发展创造力的机会”，所以while之前的句意应该与之相反，进一步推测词义。A意为“（使）慢下来”，B意为“跟上”，C意为“超出”，D意为“引起，导致”，故选A。
题型
题型四：主旨大意题
解释
考查学生对文章主题或中心思想的领会和理解能力。
设题方式
1. 问标题：What is the main topic of the passage? / The best title for the passage is _____.
2. 问中心：The first paragraph is mainly about the _____. / The passage is
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mostly about _____.
3. 问目的，态度：The author wants to tell _____. / The purpose of this article is to _____.
解题技巧
1. 浏览文章首尾段和各段开头，抓住主旨段或主旨句
2. 浏览全文，抓住关键字眼，把握主旨
3. 以掌握主旨为前提，处理推断作者语气及写作意图
典题精析
In the past, people thought it was strange to use the left hand. Young students looked down upon their left-handed classmates. Some children were even punished for using their left hand to write. But these days parents and teachers have accepted that. In almost every school in the world, left-handed students can use their left hand to write.
What is Paragraph 2 mainly about?
A. Causes of being left handed. B. Encouragement to left-handers
C. Punishment for using the left hand. D. Changes in opinions on left-handers.
本题可以运用到解题技巧2. 浏览全文，抓住关键字眼，把握主旨
本题考察的是第二段段落大意，要首先锁定第二段的关键词but，but之前的关键词in the past和it was strange to use the left hand表明了在过去人们认为使用左手是奇怪的，but之后的关键词these days和have accepted that表明了现在人们接受了惯用左手的人。所以这段主要是讲述了人们关于惯用左手的人的态度上的转变。可以判定答案为Changes in opinions on left-handers.，故选D。
语篇精讲
浏览问题
（抓住题干及选项中的关键词，以便有目的性的通读文章）
题号
题干及选项
1
According to the poll, how many kids get along very well with their parents? （细节理解题）
A. About 4/5. B. About 2/3. C. About 1/2. D. About 2/5.
2
What does Lyness advise kids to do when arguments happen? （细节理解题）
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A. Listen to their parents calmly. B. Try to understand their parents.
C. Voice their opinions with patience. D. Tell a white lie to avoid problems.
3
According to Lyness, which is a possible way for kids to get more freedom? （细节理解题）
A. To tell the truth. B. To care more about their parents.
C. To make less trouble. D. To have a talk with their parents.
4
What can we learn from the passage? （推理判断题）
A. Disagreements between parents and kids are avoidable.
B. Kids ages 12 to14 lie more because they have less fun.
C. The relationship between parents and kids stays the same.
D. Both parents and kids should make changes to get on well.
通篇寻读
（通读文章，根据问题中的关键词标记出文章中的重点词，短语或句子，为逐题分析做准备）
话题
体裁
字数
建议用时
实际用时
正确率
星级
日常生活类
说明文
380
7分钟
__/4
★★★
Kids Speak Up
In an online poll (投票), TIME FOR KIDS and Kids Health. org asked kids how they are getting along with their parents. Here’s what they told us.
Getting Along and Having Fun
About two out of three kids said they get along very well with their parents. About four out of five told us they have fun with their parents. But that doesn’t mean they never disagree. In fact, most kids reported arguing with their parents sometimes.
“It’s common to disagree and argue,” says D’Arcy Lyness, a child psychologist (心理学家). “But it’s also important to learn how to do so respectfully.” About half of the kids said they are doing that. When they disagree with their parents, they say they have a discussion calmly.
But two out of five kids said arguments always involve shouting at each other.
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Lyness points out that shouting never helps. “Speak up, and let your parents know your ideas,” she advises. “But be patient. Don’t use a raised, angry voice.”
Not surprisingly, three out of four kids admitted (承认) to lying at times. Many said they lie to avoid getting in trouble or disappointing their parents. According to Lyness, lying isn’t just wrong. It can actually get bad results. Telling the truth builds trust. “When parents can trust you, they are more likely to give you more freedom.” she says.
A Changing Relationship
Kids ages 12 to 14 not only said they lie more, but they also reported having less fun, feeling less close, and not getting along as well with their parents.
According to Lyness, those feelings are not uncommon. As kids grow up, they have more disagreements or arguments with their parents. But it doesn’t have to be that way. “Kids and parents get along differently at different times of the journey of life,” she says. As kids grow and change, it is important for everybody to adapt (适应). “There’s a dance of ways that you act with others and get along,” she points out. “Then there’s a change, and it’s a different dance.” Change is normal, she stresses.
Share this story with your family. You may find that you have a lot to talk about.
逐题分析
语篇解读：本文是一篇日常生活类的说明文，主要阐述了孩子成长过程中在与父母相处方面遇到的一些问题及针对这些问题的解决方法。
1. According to the poll, how many kids get along very well with their parents?
A. About 4/5. B. About 2/3. C. About 1/2. D. About 2/5.
解析：B.
细节理解题。题干意为“根据这项投票，有多少孩子与父母相处的融洽？”，根据题干关键短语get along very well with可将答案锁定在文章第二段中，根据关键句About two out of three kids said they get along very well with their parents.可知答案为大约2/3，故选B。
2. What does Lyness advise kids to do when arguments happen?
A. Listen to their parents calmly. B. Try to understand their
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parents.
C. Voice their opinions with patience. D. Tell a white lie to avoid problems.
解析：C.
细节理解题。根据题干关键句when arguments happen可将答案锁定在第4段中，根据关键句“Speak up, and let your parents know your ideas,” she advises. “But be patient. Don’t use a raised, angry voice.”“大声说出来，让你的父母知道你的想法，但是要耐心一些，不要用一个提高音调的，生气的声音。”，通过本句可知，在和父母发生争论时，孩子应该耐心的表达出自己的想法，故选C。
3. According to Lyness, which is a possible way for kids to get more freedom?
A. To tell the truth. B. To care more about their parents.
C. To make less trouble. D. To have a talk with their parents.
解析：A.
细节理解题。根据题干关键短语get more freedom可将答案锁定在文章第五段中，根据段中关键句Telling the truth builds trust. “When parents can trust you, they are more likely to give you more freedom.” she says. “讲出事实能够铸造信任。“当父母能够相信你时，他们可能给你更多自由。”，故可以判断要想获得更多自由，应该讲事实，故选A。
4. What can we learn from the passage?
A. Disagreements between parents and kids are avoidable.
B. Kids ages 12 to14 lie more because they have less fun.
C. The relationship between parents and kids stays the same.
D. Both parents and kids should make changes to get on well.
解析：D
推理判断题。本题需要逐项排除。A项意为“父母和孩子之间的分歧是可以避免的。”，根据第三段关键句“It’s common to disagree and argue,”可知“争吵和分歧是常见的”，所以此项错误；B项意为“12到14岁的孩子撒谎更多，因为他们有更少的乐趣。”，根据第六段关键句Kids ages 12 to 14 not only said they lie more, but they also reported having less fun,可知撒谎更多与乐趣更少之间不是因果关系，故此项错误；C项意为“父母和孩子之间的关系保持不变”，根据倒数第二段关键句“Kids and parents get along differently at different times of the journey of life,”
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可知孩子在不同时期与父母之间的关系是不同的，故此项排除；D项意为“为了相处融洽，父母和孩子都应该做出改变。”，根据最后一段关键句Change is normal, she stresses.“改变是正常的”可知此项正确，故选D。
精讲笔记
（学生在教师的指导下, 回顾本讲中积累的阅读理解的知识和方法）
语篇中积累的词汇（至少积累10个）
单词
词性及词义
单词的运用（鼓励学生用所学词汇造句）
语篇中的学到的方法（至少掌握2种）
细节理解题
1、2、3
推理判断题
4
词义猜测题
主旨大意题
能力提升
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基础过关
一、词汇/短语英汉互译★
单词/短语
词性
词义
speak up
adj.
在线的
get along with
v.
不同意
v.
争论，辩论
respectfully
adv.
n.
讨论
adj.
冷静地，平静的
point out
adj.
有耐心的
v.
说谎，躺
v.
避开，避免
wrong
adj.
v.
相信，信任
freedom
n.
二、句子英汉互译★★
1. 当UFO着陆的时候，他正在购物。
_____________________________________________.
2. 我知道他是一名加拿大运动员。
______________________________________________.
3. About two out of three kids said they get along very well with their parents.
______________________________________________.
4. When they disagree with their parents, they say they have a discussion calmly.
______________________________________________.
5. Kids and parents get along differently at different times of the journey of life.
______________________________________________.
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阅读练习
话题
体裁
字数
建议用时
实际用时
正确率
星级
广告布告类
说明文
353
7分钟
__/4
★★★
Kids don’t have a voice. They have no way to share their ideas. TEDx Youth is a locally organized event, where live talks and recorded videos are shared with the community(社区). TEDx Youth is always held on Children’s Day every year. It brings together big ideas from, and for kids. More importantly, it encourages kids to share their ideas with the world.
“Age is but a number. You’re not too young to change the world. Planning an event alongside young people makes you realize that kids have ideas that an adult might usually not think of,” said one TEDx Youth speaker. Another speaker said, “What I have come to realize is that no matter where you live or how old you are, everyone is eager to be someone great.”
Organizing a TEDx Youth event shows that kids are able to do much more than what’s expected. They truly take this event and make it even more than what everyone hopes it will be. “The fact that youth, just like me, had planned and run the event shocked me most,” said one volunteer. “I thought the event was surprising. I couldn’t believe that kids of my age made the event happen.”
There are several ways to take part in TEDx Youth. The easiest way is to become a speaker, if you think your idea is worth spreading. Another way is to attend an event. And lastly, you can become a TEDx Youth Reporter. Reporters take pictures from the event and post them on line, and send news about what is happening at event, interview some of the speakers, and write articles about the event. “It was wonderful to see how youth team members were with the whole event and how thankful they were (and still are!) to be given such an unbelievable chance as being part of a TEDx event,” said an organizer.
TEDx Youth is welcoming kids from every culture who want to have a deeper understanding of the world. Those who get involved with it believe in the power of ideas, which can change attitudes, lives and the world.
1. What is the main purpose of holding a TEDx Youth event?（细节理解题）
A. To give kids a chance to record videos. B. To spread kids’ ideas all over the world
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C. To raise money for the local community D. To help kids with their schoolwork
2. What did a volunteer think of the event?（细节理解题）
A. Quite typical B. Pretty crazy
C. Rather difficult D. Surprising good
3. One of a reporter’s jobs is to ____.（细节理解题）
A. give a talk B. do some interviews
C. plan an event D. organize some activities
4. What is the best title of this passage?（主旨大意题）
A. When Is TEDx Youth Held? B. Why can Kids Realize Their Dreams?
C. How Can Kids Share Big Ideas? D. What Changes Can TEDx Youth Bring Us?
参考答案
基础过关
一、词汇/短语英汉互译
单词/短语
词性
词义
speak up
大声讲，畅所欲言
online
adj.
在线的
get along with
与…和睦相处
disagree
v.
不同意
argue
v.
争论，辩论
respectfully
adv.
恭敬地
discussion
n.
讨论
calmly
adj.
冷静地，平静的
point out
指出，指明
patient
adj.
有耐心的
lie
v.
说谎，躺
avoid
v.
避开，避免
wrong
adj.
错误的
trust
v.
相信，信任
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freedom
n.
自由
二、句子英汉互译。
1. He was shopping when the UFO landed.
2. I know (that) he is a Canadian athlete.
3. 大约三分之二的孩子们说他们与父母相处的很好。
4. 当他们与父母意见不一致的时候，他们说他们进行了冷静地讨论。
5. 孩子们和父母在生命旅程的不同时期的相处是不同的。
阅读练习
1. B 2. D 3. B 4. C
D篇
名师点拨
知识篇
高频词
单词/短语
词性
词义
拓展
掌握情况
优
良
差
instead
adv.
代替，反而，相反
limited
adj.
有限的
limit v. 限制，限定
adventure
n.
冒险
explore
v.
探索，探险
suit
v.
适合，使…适应
according to
根据，按照
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put off
推迟
nearby
adj.
附近的
pull away
（火车等）开始行驶
funny
adj.
有趣的，好笑的
definitely
adv.
当然，肯定的
please
v.
使高兴，使满意
practical
adj.
实际的，实用的
in case
以防，万一
sick
adj.
生病的
长难句
1. Instead, they walk around with backpacks filled with everything they need, ready to sleep under the stars if necessary.（优*良*差*）
_________________________________________________________________________________________________
句意：相反，他们背着装着他们所需要的必需品的双肩背包四处走走，如果有必要的话准备好了在户外睡觉。
本句中短语filled with everything they need为过去分词短语作定语，修饰backpacks，表示被动，双肩背包被装满…。
2. With their limited budget, they need to choose lodgings (住宿) and transport based on an old saying — the lower the price, the better.（优*良*差*）
_________________________________________________________________________________________________
句意：考虑到他们有限的预算，他们需要根据一个原则来选择住宿和交通——价格越低，越好。
本句包含初中阶段重点句型“the+比较级，the+比较级”，意为“越…，越…”，本句型也可以用在写作中。
3. Travelling with friends helps you learn about getting on with people and working together.（优*良*差*）
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_________________________________________________________________________________________________
句意：和朋友一起旅行能够帮助你学习与人相处和团队合作。
本句型中的travelling with friends为动名词短语做主语。
方法篇
“方法得当, 事半功倍。”只有语料的积累, 没有好方法的辅助也是不够的。对于阅读理解解题方法的梳理, 能够帮助我们更好地理解阅读理解的命题逻辑, 在有足够语料积累的基础上, 能够帮助我们争取高分。
亲爱的同学, 老师已经为你精心整理了阅读理解的解题技巧, 快来看看你掌握了多少？
一、阅读理解解题步骤
第一步
快速浏览全文，了解文章大概。
浏览时要注意以下句子：每段的开头和结尾，重要的情节句子，如果遇到未学或不认识的单词或不理解的句子，可以根据上下文猜测，切不可停留而放慢速度。
第二步
浏览问题，明确要求。
把文章后每个题目内容看明白，这样又能辅助进一步理解文章的主要内容，具体做题时就能对号入座，找到文章中确切表达所要回答问题的关键句子。
第三步
通篇寻读，确定段落。
也就是带着问题去读，找到要回答问题的关键词、句或意群，以及任何有关答题的信息，用铅笔画下来，以便为下一步答题做好充分准备。
第四步
逐条分析，对号入座。
把需要回答的问题和寻读中找到的信息逐条分析，对号入座。一般来说，出题者问题设计都是按照文章内容自上到下顺序设计的，根据难度先解决容易的，最后解决深层次的理解题。
第五步
复读全文，验证答案。
全部题目做完后，必须再仔细阅读一遍全文，进一步加深对文章理解，核实所选答案是否正确。
二、阅读理解解题技巧
初中英语选择型阅读理解题主要分为四种题型，分别是细节理解题，推理判断题，猜测词义题和主旨大意题。接下来我们将从这四种题型的定义，设题方式和解题技巧三方面进行介绍。
题型
题型一：细节理解题
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解释
本类试题主要考察学生对阅读材料中的某一特定细节或文章的主要事实的理解能力。问题包括询问人（who）、物（what）、时间（when）、地点（where）、原因（cause）、结果（effect）、文中的数据（data）等。新闻、说明文、广告信息等常常考察这些细节。
设题方式
1. Which of the following statements is true/false?
2. Which of the following is (not) mentioned?
3. According to the passage, when( where, why, how, who, etc)…?
解题技巧
1. 细心审题，直接就题找答案
2. 变通理解，间接转述找答案
3. 多点归纳，综合事实找答案
典题精析
Which hand do you use when write? About 8 to 15 percent of people are left handed. They often have to use tools that are designed for right-handed people. So it is difficult for left-handers to use most tools. If you are right handed, try this experiment: Take a knife with your left hand and try cutting a potato into pieces. Don’t be surprised if you feel awkward（别扭的）.
If right-handers cut up potatoes with their left hand, they will .
A. get hurt B. give up cutting C. feel awkward D. change their tools
本题可以运用到解题技巧1. 细心审题，直接就题找答案
浏览题干，确定关键短语为cut up potatoes with their left hand，浏览段落，确定关键句 If you are right handed, try this experiment: Take a knife with your left hand and try cutting a potato into pieces. Don’t be surprised if you feel awkward（别扭的）.“如果你是一个习惯用右手的人，用左手拿刀把土豆切成块。如果你感到别扭并不让人惊讶。”，根据句意即可推断出正确答案，故选C。
题型
题型二：推理判断题
解释
推理判断题着重考察学生的逻辑思维能力，即要求学生根据文章的逻辑关系进行推理判断。此类题目难度大，涉及面广，如人物的性格、心理，故事的结局、寓意，文章的出处、体裁，作者的倾向、态度等。
设题方式
1. It can be inferred from the text that_____.
2. From the text we know that _____.
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3. With which of the following does the author agree?
4. The passage is probably taken from a _____.
解题技巧
1. 通过文章陈述的事实进行推断
2. 根据文章所提供的的背景，人物的表情，动作和语言进行推断
3. 根据作者的意图和态度进行推断
典题精析
Boredom is often linked with loneliness, but a writer named Meera Syal said boredom had helped her in developing her mind. She told researchers about her childhood. Having few things to do, Syal often talked with her neighbors. She also tried to do things like learning to bake cakes. “But importantly, I Thought and wrote a lot, because I was bored,” Syal said. She kept a diary, filling her time with short stories and poems she made up.
Grayson Perry, an artist, grew up in a family with little money. He enjoyed himself by making up stories, drawing pictures for his stories and reading many books in the library. Bored but free, he spent hours looking out of the window, watching the changing clouds and seasons. Perry filled up his free time with what he liked. He became creative, because he could think freely.
The writer talks about Syal and Perry to .
A. stress the great differences between them
B. introduce a popular writer and a famous artist
C. suggest good ways of going through boredom
D. show effects of boredom on developing creativity
本题可以运用到解题技巧2. 根据文章所提供的的背景，人物的表情，动作和语言进行推断
题干意为“作者谈论Syal 和Perry的例子的目的是什么？”。两个段落很长，我们首先要精读段落，抓住两个人物的态度，第一段中关键句为a writer named Meera Syal said boredom had helped her in developing her mind.意为“Meera Syal说无聊帮助她发展了她的思想”，第二段关键句为He became creative, because he could think freely.意为“他变得积极，因为他能够自由思考”，由这两句关键句可知两个人都认为“无聊可以发展创造力，”，故选D。
题型
题型三：词义猜测题
解释
单词的猜测能力是阅读理解能力的主要组成部分，是考查对文中关键词语的理解
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。而且，所考察的词或短语的意义往往不停留在字面上，要根据文中语境来判断。
设题方式
1. The underlined sentence in the last paragraph means ______.
2. The word“…”most likely means _____.
3. Which of the following is closest in meaning to the word _____.
解题技巧
1. 通过因果关系猜测词义
2. 通过同义词和近、反义词的关系猜测词义
3. 通过构词法猜测词义
4. 通过定义或释义说明来猜测词义
5. 通过描述猜测词义
6. 用知识和生活经验猜测词义
7. 根据上下文的指代关系猜测词义
典题精析
Children are expected by their parents to be reading a textbook all the time. However, research shows that it may hamper the development of their imagination, while boredom can give them opportunities to develop creativity.
What does the word “hamper” in Paragraph 2 probably mean?
A. Slow down. B. Keep up with. C. Go beyond. D. Give rise to.
本题可以运用到解题技巧2. 通过同义词和近、反义词的关系猜测词义
浏览本段，会发现本段中存在转折连词while“然而”，while后的句意为“无聊能给他们发展创造力的机会”，所以while之前的句意应该与之相反，进一步推测词义。A意为“（使）慢下来”，B意为“跟上”，C意为“超出”，D意为“引起，导致”，故选A。
题型
题型四：主旨大意题
解释
考查学生对文章主题或中心思想的领会和理解能力。
设题方式
1. 问标题：What is the main topic of the passage? / The best title for the passage is _____.
2. 问中心：The first paragraph is mainly about the _____. / The passage is mostly about _____.
3. 问目的，态度：The author wants to tell _____. / The purpose of this article is to _____.
1. 浏览文章首尾段和各段开头，抓住主旨段或主旨句
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解题技巧
2. 浏览全文，抓住关键字眼，把握主旨
3. 以掌握主旨为前提，处理推断作者语气及写作意图
典题精析
In the past, people thought it was strange to use the left hand. Young students looked down upon their left-handed classmates. Some children were even punished for using their left hand to write. But these days parents and teachers have accepted that. In almost every school in the world, left-handed students can use their left hand to write.
What is Paragraph 2 mainly about?
A. Causes of being left handed. B. Encouragement to left-handers
C. Punishment for using the left hand. D. Changes in opinions on left-handers.
本题可以运用到解题技巧2. 浏览全文，抓住关键字眼，把握主旨
本题考察的是第二段段落大意，要首先锁定第二段的关键词but，but之前的关键词in the past和it was strange to use the left hand表明了在过去人们认为使用左手是奇怪的，but之后的关键词these days和have accepted that表明了现在人们接受了惯用左手的人。所以这段主要是讲述了人们关于惯用左手的人的态度上的转变。可以判定答案为Changes in opinions on left-handers.，故选D。
语篇精讲
浏览问题
（抓住题干及选项中的关键词，以便有目的性的通读文章）
题号
题干及选项
1
What do backpackers usually do? （细节理解题）
A. Stay in pricey hotels. B. Face a lot of dangers.
C. Spend much money. D. Choose cheap transport.
2
Which of the following statements about Betty is true? （细节理解题）
A. Betty preferred travelling with her family on holidays.
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B. The friendship improved as a result of their adventures.
C. Only half of Betty’s group caught the train to Auckland.
D. Betty toured New Zealand with backpackers she met there.
3
What’s the main purpose of the passage? （主旨大意题）
A. To give us some advice on backpacking.
B. To tell us about Betty’s travelling story.
C. To introduce a hot travel style, backpacking.
D. To encourage us to travel with less money.
通篇寻读
话题
体裁
字数
建议用时
实际用时
正确率
星级
日常生活类
说明文
455
7分钟
__/3
★★★★
Travelling with your belongs on your back, or backpacking is self-planned budget (预算) touring using low-cost transport, and often going on foot. Backpackers don’t carry suitcases or stay in pricey hotels. Instead, they walk around with backpacks filled with everything they need, ready to sleep under the stars if necessary. With their limited budget, they need to choose lodgings (住宿) and transport based on an old saying — the lower the price, the better.
The lure (吸引力) of adventure has made backpacking a popular travel style among young people and students who are seldom owners of fat wallets. They prefer exploring a place by themselves, with only a printed map, or a smart phone on hand.
“A package tour may suit a family’s needs, but it’s not my cup of tea,” says Betty Lam, who went backpacking in New Zealand with three friends last summer. “I want to explore a place according to my choice, my timetable and myself.”
Were there any particularly memorable events on the trip?
“Once, the train to Auckland was put off and two of our group were hungry, so they left their backpacks with us and went to a nearby shop to buy something to eat. I still remember the scene with Tammy and me running flat out to catch the train, carrying four huge backpacks. The other two were racing behind us as they’d panicked when they saw the train getting ready to pull away from the station. I held the train door open while Tammy was shouting. “Quick — jump in!” Susie came in head first with June landing on the top of her like a sack of potatoes! It was so funny!”
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So was the trip worth all the effort?
“Definitely. True, we had a few quarrels (争吵); we have different interests, and it wasn’t easy to please everybody. But we managed to reach a compromise (妥协) every time. Travelling with friends helps you learn about getting on with people and working together. All of us had gained a lot by the end of the holiday — the four of us had become really good buddies.”
What should backpackers always carry with them?
Betty laughs — “not too much! Comfortable walking shoes are important. A raincoat is necessary and bring some practical clothes.”
So, is that everything to bear in mind?
“Well, yes and no, because you can’t prepare enough. You need much information about where you’re going to stay, transport, food, etc. Most importantly, you must have insurance (保险) — just in case your money, passport or backpack get stolen, or you get sick. Take time planning and you’ll have fun safely.”
逐题分析
语篇解读：本篇文章是一篇日常生活类的说明文，主要介绍了背包旅行这种旅行方式，它的优点及注意事项。
1. What do backpackers usually do?
A. Stay in pricey hotels. B. Face a lot of dangers.
C. Spend much money. D. Choose cheap transport.
解析：D
细节理解题。题干意为“背包旅行者通常做什么？”，A意为“住在价格昂贵的旅馆里”，根据第一段关键句Backpackers don’t carry suitcases or stay in pricey hotels.可知他们不住在价格昂贵的旅馆里，故错误；B意为“面对着很多危险”，本项文章没有提到，故错误；C意为“花费很多钱”，根据第一段关键句With their limited budget, they need to choose lodgings (住宿) and transport based on an old saying — the lower the price, the better. 可知他们的预算有限，所以此项错误；D意为“选择便宜的交通方式”，同样是根据第一段最后一句the lower the price, the better可以判定此项正确，故选D。
2. Which of the following statements about Betty is true?
A. Betty preferred travelling with her family on holidays.
B. The friendship improved as a result of their adventures.
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C. Only half of Betty’s group caught the train to Auckland.
D. Betty toured New Zealand with backpackers she met there.
解析：B
细节理解题。A意为“Betty更喜欢在假期和家人一起旅行”，根据第三段关键句A package tour may suit a family’s needs, but it’s not my cup of tea“跟团游适合家庭的需要，但那并不是我的菜。”，故本项错误；B意为“他们冒险的成果是友情加深了。”，根据第五段关键句the four of us had become really good buddies.“我们四个成为了真正的好朋友”，所以此项正确；C意为“Betty一群人中只有一半赶上了去Auckland的火车”，综合浏览第四段及关键句Susie came in head first with June landing on the top of her like a sack of potatoes!可知它们四个人都上车了，所以此项错误；D项意为“Betty和她在新西兰当地见到的背包客一起旅行”，根据第三段关键句Betty Lam, who went backpacking in New Zealand with three friends last summer.可知她是和朋友一起旅行，故此项错误。
3. What’s the main purpose of the passage?
A. To give us some advice on backpacking.
B. To tell us about Betty’s travelling story.
C. To introduce a hot travel style, backpacking.
D. To encourage us to travel with less money.
解析：C
主旨判断题。本题询问的是文章的写作目的是什么？A意为“给我们一些背包旅行的建议”；B意为“告诉我们关于Betty的旅行故事”；C意为“介绍一种流行的旅行方式，背包旅行”；D意为“鼓励我们带更少的钱去旅行”，本题问得写作目的，A项和B项只是文章内容的一部分，而阐述这些的目的正是介绍这种新的旅行方式，D项与文意不符，故选C
精讲笔记
语篇中积累的词汇（至少积累10个）
单词
词性及词义
单词的运用（鼓励学生用所学词汇造句）
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语篇中的学到的方法（至少掌握2种）
细节理解题
1、2
推理判断题
词义猜测题
主旨大意题
3
能力提升
基础过关
一、词汇/短语英汉互译★
单词/短语
词性
词义
instead
adv.
adj.
有限的
adventure
n.
explore
v.
v.
适合，使…适应
according to
put off
adj.
附近的
pull away
adj.
有趣的，好笑的
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definitely
adv.
v.
使高兴，使满意
practical
adj.
in case
adj.
生病的
二、句子英汉互译★★
1. 我从图书馆借了一本马克·吐温写的书。
_______________________________________________.
2. 你读越多的书，就会得到越多的知识。
______________________________________________.
3. Instead, they walk around with backpacks filled with everything they need, ready to sleep under the stars if necessary.
______________________________________________.
4. With their limited budget, they need to choose lodgings (住宿) and transport based on an old saying — the lower the price, the better.
______________________________________________.
5. Travelling with friends helps you learn about getting on with people and working together.
______________________________________________.
阅读练习
话题
体裁
字数
建议用时
实际用时
正确率
星级
科普环保类
议论文
426
7分钟
__/4
★★★★
Kamal Meattle, in New Delhi, India, grows 400 plants in his office building’s greenhouse to help clean its indoor air.
On the roof of an office building in India’s capital, the world’s smoggiest city, Kamal Meattle has a special way of cleaning the air: a greenhouse with 400 common plants. Meattle has 800 other plants spread throughout its lower six floors, greening each room and hallway. Their job: remove harmful things from the outdoor air.
Meattle uses rainwater to water the trees so that they can grow faster and take
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in more pollutants. He’s asking India’s new government to require rainwater farming and to paint roofs, and buses, white. And he’s pushing to build one of the world’s largest parks, complete with greenhouses.
As Meattle tells it, he really had no choice but to try something new. “My doctors told me to leave India in 1992,” he says, mentioning his breathing problem because of the city’s air pollution. He decided to stay, trying instead to solve a society-wide problem that’s become increasingly serious.
“Delhi’s unfit for living between October and March,” Meattle says, noting how often its air pollution becomes “very unhealthy” or even “dangerous”. In fact, New Delhi’s smog is now nearly three times worse than Beijing’s. The WHO found that the city had the world’s dirtiest air, and the cities from second to fourth are also in India. India’s indoor air pollution is even worse. The WHO says it’s India’s second biggest killer, after high blood pressure, and results in 1.3 million deaths every year.
But can plants really clean the air?
NASA published several studies in the 1980s showing indoor plants could clean the air. It later tested the value of the plants to both clean air and recycle waste in building known as the BioHome. Other studies have also suggested that plants could help clean indoor air.
Wolverton, a NASA researcher, has been working in Japan, where plants have been used to make 50 to 60 “ecological gardens(生态花园)” in hospitals. He says there’s growing interest in South Korea and China.
Not everyone believes that. “I certainly would not count on plants to clean indoor air…” To get them to work, you’d need too many plants, ” says John Girman. He says a 1,500-square-foot house would need 680 plants and the result would be “an indoor forest”.
“We have an air treatment plant,” Meattle says of his idea. The result, he adds, is fewer worker sick days, great productivity, and air as clean as that in Davos, Switzerland.
1. What did Meattle do after the doctors advised him to leave India?（细节理解题）
A. He went abroad between October and March.
B. He raised money for growing pants in his office.
C. He tried to solve the indoor air pollution problem.
D. He called on people to care about the environment problem.
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2. According to the passage, the BioHome might be .（细节理解题）
A. a place to test the plants’ role in cleaning the indoor air
B. a place to do experiments on the size of indoor forest
C. a project about how plants can grow well
D. a project about what plants are fit for offices
3.From the passage we know Meattle is .（推理判断题）
A. honest and caring B. emotional and wise
C. experienced and brave D. creative and responsible
4.The passage is mainly about .（主旨大意题）
A. a new practice of cleaning indoor air
B. plants to reduce indoor air pollution
C. the serious air pollution problem
D. Meattle’s fight against polluted indoor air
参考答案
基础过关
一、词汇/短语英汉互译
单词/短语
词性
词义
instead
adv.
代替，反而，相反
limited
adj.
有限的
adventure
n.
冒险
explore
v.
探索，探险
suit
v.
适合，使…适应
according to
根据，按照
put off
推迟
nearby
adj.
附近的
pull away
（火车等）开始行驶
funny
adj.
有趣的，好笑的
definitely
adv.
当然，肯定的
please
v.
使高兴，使满意
practical
adj.
实际的，实用的
in case
以防，万一
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sick
adj.
生病的
二、句子英汉互译。
1. I borrowed a book written by Mark Twain form the library.
2. The more books you read, the more knowledge you will get.
3. 相反，他们背着装着他们所需要的必需品的双肩背包四处走走，如果有必要的话准备好了在户外睡觉。
4. 考虑到他们有限的预算，他们需要根据一个原则来选择住宿和交通——价格越低，越好。
5. 和朋友一起旅行能够帮助你学习与人相处和团队合作。
阅读练习
1. C 2. A 3. D 4. A
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