课时12 阅读理解体裁解读(3)
—议论文【体裁解读】
议论文也是一种运用十分广泛的文章体裁。同学们在阅读议论文时不仅要把握文章的论点、论据和论证，还要把握文章的结构和语言。
像汉语一样，英语议论文通常也为三段式，即“论点、论据、结论”三部分组成。首先借助某一现象引出论点，然后通过一定论据从各个层面上加以推理论证，最后得出结论。议论文体主要考查学生对论点及论据的把握。因此，阅读议论文体时，应采取抓主题句的方法来把握文章主旨，弄清作者观点。一般来说，作者的论点通常在文章首段被引出，接下来是对这一论点的逻辑推理和论证，最后为结论。同学们还应注意的是：在对论点论证的过程中，每一段的首句都是该段的主题句。把握全文论点。弄清论证各段的主题句、理解文章层次，找出中心论点的位置是理解议论文的关键。
体裁演练(2017·北京卷)
Hollywood's theory that machines with evil (邪恶的) minds will drive armies of killer robots is just silly.The real problem relates to the possibility that artificial intelligence (AI) may become extremely good at achieving something other than what we really want.In 1960 a wellknown mathematician Norbert Wiener，who founded the field of cybernetics (控制论)，put it this way：“If we use，to achieve our purposes，a mechanical agency with whose operation we cannot effectively interfere (干预)，we had better be quite sure that the purpose put into the machine is the purpose which we really desire.”
A machine with a specific purpose has another quality，one that we usually associate with living things：a wish to preserve its own existence.For the machine，this quality is not inborn，nor is it something introduced by humans；it is a logical consequence of the simple fact that the machine cannot achieve its original purpose if it is dead.So if we send out a robot with the single instruction of fetching coffee，it will have a strong desire to secure success by disabling its own off switch or even killing anyone who might interfere with its task.If we are not careful，then，we could face a kind of global chess match against very determined，super intelligent machines whose objectives conflict with our own，with the real world as the chessboard.
The possibility of entering into and losing such a match should concentrate the minds of computer scientists.Some researchers argue that we can seal the machines inside a kind of firewall，using them to answer difficult questions but never allowing them to affect the real world.Unfortunately，that plan seems unlikely to work：we
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have yet to invent a firewall that is secure against ordinary humans，let alone super intelligent machines.
Solving the safety problem well enough to move forward in AI seems to be possible but not easy.There are probably decades in which to plan for the arrival of super intelligent machines.But the problem should not be dismissed out of hand，as it has been by some AI researchers.Some argue that humans and machines can coexist as long as they work in teams—yet that is not possible unless machines share the goals of humans.Others say we can just “switch them off” as if super intelligent machines are too stupid to think of that possibility.Still others think that super intelligent AI will never happen.On September 11,1933，famous physicist Ernest Rutherford stated，with confidence，“Anyone who expects a source of power in the transformation of these atoms is talking moonshine.” However，on September 12,1933，physicist Leo Szilard invented the neutroninduced (中子诱导) nuclear chain reaction.
1．Paragraph 1 mainly tells us that artificial intelligence may ________.
A．run out of human control
B．satisfy human's real desires
C．command armies of killer robots
D．work faster than a mathematician
2．Machines with specific purposes are associated with living things partly because they might be able to ________.
A．prevent themselves from being destroyed
B．achieve their original goals independently
C．do anything successfully with given orders
D．beat humans in international chess matches
3．According to some researchers，we can use firewalls to ________.
A．help super intelligent machines work better
B．be secure against evil human beings
C．keep machines from being harmed
D．avoid robots' affecting the world
4．What does the author think of the safety problem of super intelligent machines?
A．It will disappear with the development of AI.
B．It will get worse with human interference.
C．It will be solved but with difficulty.
D．It will stay for a decade.
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【能力提升】
A
I read somewhere that we spend a full third of our lives waiting.But where are we doing all of this waiting，and what does it mean to an impatient society like ours？To understand the issue，let's take a look at three types of “waits”．
The very purest form of waiting is the WatchedPot Wait.It is without doubt the most annoying of all.Take filling up the kitchen sink (洗碗池) as an example.There is absolutely nothing you can do while this is going on but keep both eyes fixed on the sink until it's full.During these waits，the brain slips away from the body and wanders about until the water runs over the edge of the counter and onto your socks.This kind of wait makes the waiter helpless and mindless.
A cousin to the WatchedPot Wait is the Forced Wait.This one requires a bit of discipline.Properly preparing packaged noodle soup requires a Forced Wait.Directions are very specific.“Bring three cups of water to boil，add mix，simmer three minutes，remove from heat，let stand five minutes.”I have my doubts that anyone has actually followed the procedures strictly.After all，Forced Waiting requires patience.
Perhaps the most powerful type of waiting is the LuckyBreak Wait.This type of wait is unusual in that it is for the most part voluntary.Unlike the Forced Wait，which is also voluntary，waiting for your lucky break does not necessarily mean that it will happen.
Turning one's life into a waiting game requires faith and hope，and is strictly for the optimists among us.On the surface it seems as ridiculous as following the directions on soup mixes，but the LuckyBreak Wait well serves those who are willing to do it.As long as one doesn't come to rely on it，wishing for a few good things to happen never hurts anybody.
We certainly do spend a good deal of our time waiting.The next time you're standing at the sink waiting for it to fill while cooking noodle soup that you'll have to eat until a large bag of cash falls out of the sky，don't be desperate.You're probably just as busy as the next guy.
1．While doing a WatchedPot Wait，we tend to ________.
A．keep ourselves busy B．get absentminded
C．grow anxious D．stay focused
2．What is the difference between the Forced Wait and the WatchedPot Wait?
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A．The Forced Wait requires some selfcontrol.
B．The Forced Wait makes people passive.
C．The WatchedPot Wait needs directions.
D．The WatchedPot Wait engages body and brain.
3．What can we learn about the LuckyBreak Wait?
A．It is less voluntary than the Forced Wait.
B．It doesn't always bring the desired result.
C．It is more fruitful than the Forced Wait.
D．It doesn't give people faith and hope.
4．What does the author advise us to do the next time we are waiting?
A．Take it seriously. B．Don't rely on others.
C．Do something else. D．Don't lose heart.
B
I told my friend Graham that I often cycle two miles from my house to the town centre but unfortunately there is a big hill on the route. He replied, “You mean fortunately.” He explained that I should be glad of the extra exercise that the hill provided.
My attitude to the hill has now changed. I used to complain as I approached it but now I tell myself the following. This hill will exercise my heart and lungs. It will help me to lose weight and get fit. It will mean that I live longer. This hill is my friend. Finally I comfort myself with the thought of all those silly people who pay money to go to a gym and sit on stationery exercise bicycles when I can get the same value for free. I have a smile of satisfaction as I reach the top of the hill.
Problems are there to be faced and overcome. We cannot achieve anything with an easy life. Helen Keller was the first deaf and blind person to gain a university degree. Her activism and writing proved inspirational. She wrote, “Character cannot be developed in ease. Only through experiences of suffering can the soul be strengthened, vision cleared, ambition inspired and success achieved.”
One of the main determinants of success in life is our attitude towards adversity (逆境). From time to time we all face hardships, problems, accidents and difficulties. Some are of our making but many are no fault of our own. While we cannot choose the adversity, we can choose our attitude towards it.
Douglas Bader was 21 when in 1931 he had both legs cut off following a flying
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accident.He was determined to fly again and went on to become one of the leading flying aviators in the Battle of Britain with 22 aerial victories over the Germans.He was an inspiration to others during the war. He said, “Don't listen to anyone who tells you that you can't do this or that. That's nonsense. Make up your mind, you'll never use crutches (拐杖) or a stick, and then have a go at everything. Go to school, and join in all the games you can. Go anywhere you want to. But never, never let them persuade you that things are too difficult or impossible.”
The biographies of great people are full of examples of how they took steps to overcome the difficulties they faced. The common thread is that they did not become depressed. They chose their attitude. They chose to be positive. They took on the challenge. They won.
Nevertheless, there is still the problem of how you change your attitude towards adversity.
5．Which of the following is true according to the author of the passage?
A．Going to a gym is greatly beneficial to people's health.
B．Climbing hills on bicycles is the best way to take exercise.
C．Those who want to achieve success can't expect to live an easy life.
D．People's attitude to adversity is the only factor of their success.
6．By quoting what Douglas Bader said, the author intends to tell us “________”．
A．Failure is the mother of success.
B．A bad workman quarrels with his tools.
C．If you risk nothing, you will have nothing.
D．Nothing is difficult to the man who will try.
7．Following this passage, the author will further talk about ________.
A．how his friend helped him to change his attitude towards the adversity he faced
B．what steps to take to change your attitude towards the adversity you face
C．why it is important to keep optimistic in face of adversity
D．what great people have in common
8．Which of the following can best function as the title of the passage?
A．Face adversity with a smile
B．Different attitudes towards adversity
C．Nothing is impossible
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D．Life is full of adversity
C
Conventional wisdom is a major barrier to innovation(创新) that threatens the survival of companies everywhere. It's based on the assumption that old ideas will always work, so they shouldn't be challenged. While this may be a valid assumption in situations that don't change, it's unlikely to hold true in a changing situation. In today's rapid changing global environment, old methods often don't work, and stubbornly using them can lead to major problems.
Most people seem to agree with conventional wisdom because it gives one a false sense of security. If everyone else believes it, then it must be true. Individuals who use conventional wisdom are certain that they are right, and being right is good. They want to continue using old ideas rather than take risks with changes that might not work. In 1977, Ken Olsen, cofounder and CEO of Digital Equipment Corporation (DEC), stated “There is no reason for any individual to have a computer in his home.” Despite being a dominant leader in the computer industry, DEC no longer exists.
People seem to forget that since innovation is a change, there can be no innovation without change. Unfortunately, conventional wisdom prevents leaders, followers and companies from changing and therefore innovating. If companies don't innovate, but their competitors do, the future is likely to be problematic. Breaking from conventional wisdom has led to many of the most innovative companies and products in history across many industries, so it has a powerful effect on business success.
Ted Turner (founder of CNN) knew little, if anything, about the news business, but he knew it was inconvenient to watch news only at the dinner hour, as was common before CNN. Turner's solution was to create a cable channel dedicated to news 24 hours a day. The news establishment reflected conventional wisdom at the time, and predicted his idea would fail because no one wanted to watch the news all day. However, it_doesn't_take_a_rocket_scientist_to_understand_that_viewers_don't_have_to_watch_the_news_all_day_for_the_CNN_to_work. Viewers just have to watch when they want to get information. Due to conventional thinking, the critics failed to recognize the opportunity that was clear to Ted. They assumed that only what was familiar to them could work in the future.
Conventional wisdom prevents creativity, flexibility and risktaking, so
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unconventional leaders enthusiastically break from it. To survive, thrive and maintain competitive advantage, companies must be flexible when reacting to change.
9．DEC has disappeared probably because ________.
A．the CEO stuck to the conventional ideas
B．the leaders lacked the sense of security
C．the consumers didn't like its products
D．the employees took many risks with changes
10．The founding of CNN is used as an example to prove ________.
A．missing opportunities could lead to failure
B．conventional wisdom influences business success
C．watching news at the dinner hour is convenient
D．changing could contribute to business success
11．What does the underlined part probably mean?
A．Rocket scientists can ensure the CNN works properly.
B．It's easy to know people needn't watch the news all the time
C．It's necessary to understand when people watch the news.
D．Most of the viewers don't like to watch the news at work.
12．The passage is mainly written to tell us that ________.
A．conventional wisdom limits innovation
B．opportunities lead to business success
C．old methods are changing with time
D．successful companies need wise leaders
D
If you live in a big city, there are many things to drive you crazy on your daily route, and it's not just overcrowded subway trains.
Vicky Zhao is a mainlander working in Hong Kong. For her, one thing she can't put up with is people standing on the wrong side of the escalator(自动扶梯) in subway stations. “Escalators help us move faster and save time. It isn't a place to rest，” the 24yearold says. “I often see tourists block the way with their suitcases or chatting on the escalators during rush hours. It annoys me to no end.”
Admitting she is not the patient type, Zhao says things are much better in Hong Kong than in cities on the mainland where “stand right, walk left” signs are often ignored.
The logic behind the “stand right, walk left” escalator etiquette(礼仪) seems
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obvious. Even though you may want to catch your breath while you're transported up or down, you should still consider others and leave enough space for people in a hurry, so that they can run and catch the train.
Many cities' escalators, including London's and Beijing's, use the “stand right, walk left” system to speed up the flow of people. (Australia is an exception and you should stand on the left side instead.) But some cities discourage people from moving on escalators out of safety reasons. In Hong Kong's subway stations there are regular announcements asking people to “stand still” on escalators. Even so, most people in this fastpaced city observe the “stand right, walk left” etiquette.
But the people who stand on escalators defend themselves by telling the walkers not to be so impatient. The BBC quotes one stander as saying: “If the person is in such a rush, why not just take the stairs? Even when the escalator is packed and there's nowhere to move, I see these same people complaining about not being able to pass.”
Whatever the escalator etiquette is in the place you live or visit, do what most people are doing and always be mindful of others: leave enough space between each other, don't stay at the end of the escalator, and if someone is blocking your way, a simple “excuse me” is enough.
13．In the second paragraph, the underlined word “It” refers to________.
A．the author's living in the big city of Hong Kong.
B．being crowded on the subway trains in rush hours.
C．people's blocking the way or chat on the escalators.
D．people's standing on the right side resting.
14．When on the escalator, a majority of local people in Hong Kong ________.
A. stand still as the railway stations require.
B. ignore the “stand right, walk left” signs
C. use the stairs instead of escalators.
D. follow the “stand right, walk left” etiquette.
15．What can be inferred from the 6th paragraph?
A．Not everyone follows the “stand right, walk left” etiquette.
B．The BBC is against the “stand right, walk left” etiquette.
C．People should be patient and take the stairs if possible.
D．People shouldn't complain about the crowded escalators.
16．Which of the following statements is the writer's opinion?
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A．People should stand right no matter where they are.
B．People should do as the Romans do and consider others.
C．People should do as they like on the escalators.
D．People should be seriously criticized when they block the way.
E
This is a true story that happened in Japan. In order to renovate(修理) the house, a Japanese tore open the walls. Japanese houses normally have a empty space between the wooden walls. When tearing down the walls, he found that there was a lizard stuck there because a nail from outside was hammered into one of its feet. He saw this, feeling pity and curious. When he checked the nail, he found it was nailed 10 years ago when the house was first built.
What happened? The lizard had survived in such a position for 10 years! It has been in a dark wall partition (夹层) for 10 years without moving! Then he wondered how this lizard survived for 10 years without moving a single step—since its foot was nailed! So he stopped his work and observed the lizard: What has it been doing? What and how has it been eating? Later, he didn't know from where another lizard appeared, with food in its mouth. Ah! He was astonished and touched deeply. The free lizard had been feeding the stuck one for the past 10 years.
Such love, a beautiful love! Such love happened with this tiny creature... What can love do? It can do wonders! Just think about it: one lizard had been feeding the other one untiringly for 10 long years, without giving up hope on its partner. If a small creature like a lizard can love like this, just imagine how we can love if we try.
17．How did the Japanese feel when seeing the stuck lizard?
A．Frightened. B．Enjoyable.
C．Confused. D．Usual.
18．What can we learn from the free lizard?
A．It teaches us never to abandon our loved ones.
B．It teaches us to give more help to our loved ones.
C．It tells us to take pity on the stuck lizard.
D．It encourages us to live even longer.
19．Why did the Japanese stop his work?
A．To watch how long the lizard can still live here.
B．To take out the nail and set the lizard free.
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C．To have a rest by watching the lizard.
D．To find out why the lizard had survived here for 10 years.
20．What would be the best title for the passage?
A. A Wonder B. Two Lizards
C. Such a Story D. Lizard Love
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课时12 阅读理解体裁解读(3)—议论文
【体裁演练】
【语篇解读】 本文是一篇议论文。文章讨论了人工智能随着科技的发展可能超出人类的控制以及人类应如何应对此类安全问题。
1．A [细节理解题。由第一段中的artificial intelligence(AI) may become extremely good at achieving something other than what we really want“人工智能可能会变得极度善于达成某事而不是我们真正想要的那样”可知，人工智能可能会超出人类控制，故选A项。B项“满足人类的真正渴望”，C项“指挥机器人杀手军队”，D项“比数学家工作更快”，均与第一段所提到的人工智能无关。]
2．A [细节理解题。由题干中的machines with specific purposes可定位到第二段第一句“A machine with a specific purpose has another quality，one that we usually associate with living things：a wish to preserve its own existence.”，由此可知，机器人要保证自己的存在，即A项“避免它们自己被消灭掉”。B项“独立达到它们的初始目标”，C项“按照既有指令成功地完成任何事”，D项“在国际象棋比赛中击败人类”，均答非所问。]
3．D [细节理解题。由第三段中的“Some researchers argue that we can seal the machines inside a kind of firewall，using them to answer difficult questions but never allowing them to affect the real world.”可知，一些研究者认为，我们可以用防火墙让机器人回答难题，但从不允许它们影响真实世界，故选D项“避免机器人影响世界”。A项“帮助超级智能机器更好地工作”，B项“反抗邪恶人类，保证安全”，C项“保护机器不受损害”，都不是防火墙的用途，均可排除。]
4．C [作者观点题。由最后一段首句“Solving the safety problem well enough to move forward in AI seems to be possible but not easy.”可知，作者认为，解决超级智能机器的安全问题是可能的，但并非易事，故选C项。A项“随着人工智能的发展，超级智能机器的安全问题会消失”；B项“随着人类干预，超级智能机器的安全问题会更严重”；D项“超级智能机器的安全问题会存在十年之久”，均在文中找不到依据。]
【能力提升】
A
【语篇解读】 本文是一篇议论文。文章通过介绍三种类型的“等待”来论证“在生活中，人们有三分之一的时间用来等待”这个观点。
1．B [细节理解题。根据第二段中的“...the brain slips away from the body and wanders about...This kind of wait makes the waiter helpless and mindless.”可知，WatchedPot Wait可以让人变得心不在焉，故选B项。]
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2．A [细节理解题。根据第三段中的“This one requires a bit of discipline.”可知，Forced Wait与WatchedPot Wait的区别就是，前者需要自制力，即A项所述内容。B项张冠李戴，让人变得被动的是 WatchedPot Wait；C项张冠李戴，需要操作指南的是Forced Wait，而不是WatchedPot Wait；D项张冠李戴，Forced Wait需要身心参与，而WatchedPot Wait往往让人心不在焉。]
3．B [细节理解题。根据第四段中的“...waiting for your lucky break does not necessarily mean that it will happen.”可知，等待幸运之事，但未必意味着它一定会发生，故选B项(它并不总是带来想要的结果)。A项曲解文意，根据第四段中的“...which is also voluntary...”可知，LuckyBreak Wait与Forced Wait一样是主动的，但未提及哪种更主动；C项曲解文意，根据第四段中的“...does not necessarily mean that it will happen.”可知，LuckyBreak Wait并不总是带来想要的结果，更谈不上比Forced Wait富有成效； D项颠倒是非，根据第五段中的“Turning one's life into a waiting game requires faith and hope...LuckyBreak Wait well serves those who are willing to do it.”可知，它给予人们信仰和希望。]
4．D [细节理解题。根据最后一段中的“The next time...don't be desperate.”可知，下次等待的时候，不要绝望，即不要丧失信心(Don't lose heart.)，故选D项。其他三项均不符合题意。]
B
【语篇导读】 本文主要告诉我们生活中有很多的困难，如果我们想要获得成功，关键在于我们要有积极坚定的生活态度。
5．C [推理判断题。根据第三段前两句Problems are there to be faced and overcome. We cannot achieve anything with an easy life.可知人人都要面对问题，都要克服困难。安逸的生活是无助于我们获得成功的。也就是说想要成功的人不可能有安逸的生活。故C正确。 ]
6．D [推理判断题。根据第四段首句One of the main determinants of success in life is our attitude towards adversity (逆境)和尾句While we cannot choose the adversity, we can choose our attitude towards it.说明我们对待逆境的态度很重要，如果我们选择了积极面对困难，我们就一定会成功。接着在第五段中作者就介绍了Douglas Bader的话，目的正是为了证明第四段中的观点。]
7．B [推理判断题。根据文章最后一段Nevertheless, there is still the problem of how you change your attitude towards adversity.无论如何，要改变对待逆境的态度总是有很多问题要解决。那么接下来的内容就应该谈论我们究竟应该如何做来改变我们对待逆境的态度。故B正确。]
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8．A [标题概括题。文章一、二两段通过骑自行车登山的故事告诉我们生活中有很多困难，就如大山一样。关键在于我们对待逆境的态度。文章三四段中介绍了要想战胜困难，我们要有积极坚定的态度。所以A项“微笑着面对逆境。”符合文章的中心思想。BCD三项均不够精确。故A正确。]
C
【语篇导读】 本文属于议论文，告诉我们创新的最大障碍是人们的传统观念，文章在2～5段中通过说理和举例对这一观点进行详细说明。
9．A [推理判断题。根据第二段最后两句In 1977, Ken Olsen, cofounder and CEO of Digital Equipment Corporation (DEC), stated “There is no reason for any individual to have a computer in his home.” Despite being a dominant leader in the computer industry, DEC no longer exists.因为Digital Equipment Corporation (DEC)公司的CEO认为没有必要每家都有一台电脑。这是一种很守旧的思想，导致了当时还是计算机行业领导者的DEC被市场淘汰。故A正确。]
10．D [推理判断理。根据第三段最后一句Breaking from conventional wisdom has led to many of the most innovative companies and products in history across many industries, so it has a powerful effect on business success.可知打破传统的观念会给很多公司带来创新理念，所以创新会对行业成功有巨大的影响。接着在第四段中，作者就列举了CNN的例子来证明这个观点。故D项正确。]
11．B [句意猜测题。根据划线句后一句Viewers just have to watch when they want to get information.观众只有在想得到信息的时候才去看电视。也就是说人们不需要一直都看新闻节目，所以B项即为划线句含义。]
12．A [主旨大意题。本文属于议论文，第一句Conventional wisdom is a major barrier to innovation(创新) that threatens the survival of companies everywhere.开门见山地提出传统观念是创新的最大障碍，在接下来几段中通过说理和举例来证明这一观点，故A正确。]
D
【语篇导读】 本文介绍了在香港有一些内地游客不遵守“stand right, walk left”的电梯礼仪，而在人们中引发的议论。
13．C [猜测词义题。本句“I often see tourists block the way with their suitcases or chatting on the escalators during rush hours. It annoys me to no end.”意为：作者经常看见游客用他们的手提箱堵住了路，或者在上下班高峰期在电动扶梯上聊天，这让作者很失望。后句中的it就是指前句中：block the way with their suitcases or chatting on the escalators during rush hours故C正确。]
14．D [推理判断题。根据文章第三段Zhao says things are much better in Hong Kong than in cities on the mainland where “stand right, walk left” signs are often
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ignored.他说在香港要比在内地好得多，因为在内地“stand right, walk left”经常会被忽视。这说明在香港，大部分人会记住并服从“stand right, walk left”故D正确。]
15．A [推理判断题。根据本段The BBC quotes one stander as saying: “If the person is in such a rush, why not just take the stairs? Even when the escalator is packed and there's nowhere to move, I see these same people complaining about not being able to pass.”有时候电梯上都是人，动都动不了，但是仍然有人抱怨无法通过。说明仍然有人站在左边挡住了路，所以A项正确。要特别注意A项中not和everyone连用表示部分否定，也就是说：不是所有人都遵守“站在右边，走在坐标”的电子扶梯礼仪。]
16．B [推理判断题。根据最后一段Whatever the escalator etiquette is in the place you live or visit, do what most people are doing and always be mindful of others可知作者认为，无论电梯礼仪是什么，要按照当地大部分人所做的那样去做，并考虑到其他人。说明B项同作者的观点一致。]
E
【语篇导读】 本文属于夹叙夹议类短文，讲述了一只蜥蜴被困在墙上十年，另外一只蜥蜴十年中一直给它送食物。这两只蜥蜴之间的爱情故事告诉我们永远不要放弃自己的爱人，因为爱可以创造奇迹。
17．C [推理判断题。根据第二段第四句 Then he wondered how this lizard survived for 10 years without moving a single step—since its foot was nailed！说明他很困惑，这个蜥蜴怎么能在被困十年的时间里活下来。故C正确。]
18．A [推理判断题。根据第三段第五句Just think about it: one lizard had been feeding the other one untiringly for 10 long years, without giving up hope on its partner.可知这条活着的蜥蜴用它十年的实际行动告诉我们永远不要抛弃自己的爱人。故A正确。]
19．D [推理判断题。根据第二段第四、五句Then he wondered how this lizard survived for 10 years without moving a single step—since its foot was nailed! So he stopped his work and observed the lizard: What has it been doing? What and how has it been eating？可知他停下了是想搞清楚这只被困住的蜥蜴在这十年里是如何活下来的。]
20．D [标题概括题。本文讲述了一只蜥蜴被困在墙上十年，另外一只蜥蜴十年中一直给它送食物。这两只蜥蜴之间的爱情故事告诉我们永远不要放弃自己的爱人，因为爱可以创造奇迹。所以D项与文章中心思想一致。]
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