课时14 阅读理解体裁解读(5)
—应用文【体裁解读】
应用文指在日常工作和生活中使用的文体，一般可分为两大类：一类是叙述性应用文，例如书信、日记、便条、报告、请帖等；另一类是说明性应用文，包括广告、启事、海报、守则、公告、公约、个人简历、备忘录、摘要等。近年普通高考英语试题主要涉及宣传广告、公告类应用文，当然偶尔也出现了书信类文章；其文章呈现形式多样，除了文字外还有图表、图片、表格、地址、网址等。
高考英语阅读理解应用文的命题特点：
1．应用文类型文章，语言简练，一般来说和所述问题无关的文字不会出现，例如很多文章没有标题，许多文章甚至通篇都没有一句完整的句子，而是用词、数字、缩写、短语等来替代。
2．就其用词来看，文章中充斥着大量冗长而生僻的专有名词，例如人名、地名、机构名、组织名、书籍名、作品名等等，而且均没有汉语注释。
3．应用文的行文方式，每种文体都有其固定的格式。叙述性应用文采用一般记叙文的写作方法，无特别之处：说明性应用文的行文是排列式——即以小标题为单位逐一下行排列。
4．高考英语应用文的设问一般按照文章段落的顺序依次设置。设问内容一般以细节题为主，也兼有询问短文出处和写作意图的题目。例如：Where can you most probably find this article/passage? What is the purpose of this passage?
体裁演练(2017·全国新课标Ⅰ)
Pacific Science Center Guide
◆Visit Pacific Science Center's Store
Don't forget to stop by Pacific Science Center's Store while you are here to pick up a wonderful science activity or souvenir to remember your visit.The store is located (位于) upstairs in Building 3 right next to the Laser Dome.
◆Hungry?
Our exhibits will feed your mind，but what about your body？Our café offers a complete menu of lunch and snack options，in addition to seasonal specials.The café is located upstairs in Building 1 and is open daily until one hour before Pacific Science Center closes.
◆Rental Information
Lockers are available to store any belongings during your visit.The lockers are located in Building 1 near the Information Desk and in Building 3.Pushchairs and wheelchairs are available to rent at the Information Desk and Denny Way entrance.ID required.
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◆Support Pacific Science Center
Since 1962，Pacific Science Center has been inspiring a passion (热情) for discovery and lifelong learning in science，math and technology.Today，Pacific Science Center serves more than 1.3 million people a year and brings inquirybased science education to classrooms and community events all over Washington State.It's an amazing accomplishment and one we cannot achieve without generous support from individuals，corporations，and other social organizations.Visit pacificsciencecenter.org to find various ways you can support Pacific Science Center.
1．Where can you buy a souvenir at Pacific Science Center?
A．In Building 1.
B．In Building 3.
C．At the Laser Dome.
D．At the Denny Way entrance.
2．What does Pacific Science Center do for schools?
A．Train science teachers.
B．Distribute science books.
C．Inspire scientific research.
D．Take science to the classroom.
3．What is the purpose of the last part of the text?
A．To encourage donations.
B．To advertise coming events.
C．To introduce special exhibits.
D．To tell about the Center's history.
【能力提升】
A
In the coming months，we are bringing together artists from all over the globe，to enjoy speaking Shakespeare's plays in their own language，in our Globe，within the architecture Shakespeare wrote for.Please come and join us.
National Theatre of China Beijing|Chinese
This great occasion (盛会) will be the National Theatre of China's first visit to the UK.The company's productions show the new face of 21st century Chinese theatre.This production of Shakespeare's Richard Ⅲ will be directed by the
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National's Associate Director，Wang Xiaoying.
Date & Time：Saturday 28 April,2.30pm & Sunday 29 April，1.30pm & 6.30pm
Marjanishvili Theatre Tbilisi|Georgian
One of the most famous theatres in Georgia，the Marjanishvili，founded in 1928，appears regularly at theatre festivals all over the world.This new production of As You Like It is helmed(指导)by the company's Artistic Director Levan Tsuladze.
Date & Time：Friday 18 May,2.30pm & Saturday 19 May,7.30pm
Deafinitely Theatre London|British Sign Language (BSL)
By translating the rich and humorous text of Love's Labour's Lost into the physical language of BSL，Deafinitely Theatre creates a new interpretation of Shakespeare's comedy and aims to build a bridge between deaf and hearing worlds by performing to both groups as one audience.
Date & Time：Tuesday 22 May,2.30pm & Wednesday 23 May,7.30pm
Habima National Theatre Tel Aviv|Hebrew
The Habima is the centre of Hebrewlanguage theatre worldwide.Founded in Moscow after the 1905 revolution，the company eventually settled in Tel Aviv in the late 1920s.Since 1958，they have been recognised as the national theatre of Israel.This production of Shakespeare's The Merchant of Venice marks their first visit to the UK.
Date & Time：Monday 28 May,7.30pm & Tuesday 29 May,7.30pm
1．Which play will be performed by the National Theatre of China?
A．Richard Ⅲ. B．Love's Labour's Lost.
C．As You Like It. D．The Merchant of Venice.
2．What is special about Deafinitely Theatre?
A．It has two groups of actors.
B．It is the leading theatre in London.
C．It performs plays in BSL.
D．It is good at producing comedies.
3．When can you see a play in Hebrew?
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A．On Saturday 28 April. B．On Sunday 29 April.
C．On Tuesday 22 May. D．On Tuesday 29 May.
B
San Francisco Fire Engine Tours
San Francisco Winery Tour
Running：February 1st through April 30th
This delicious tour goes through the city on its way to Treasure Island where we will stop at the famous Winery SF.Here you can enjoy 4 pours of some of the best wine San Francisco has to offer.(Included in ticket price)
Departing from the Cannery：Tour times upon request
Duration(时长)：2 hours
Price：$90
Back to the Fifties Tour
Running：August 16th through August 31st
This tour transports you back in time to one of San Francisco's most fantastic periods，the 1950s! Enjoy fun history as we take you through San Francisco for a free taste of ice cream.
Departing from the Cannery：5：00 pm and 7：30 pm
Duration：2 hours
Price：$90
Spooky Halloween Tour
Running：October 10th through October 31st
Join us for a ride through the historical Presidio district.Authentic fire gear (服装)is provided for your warmth as our entertainers take you to some of the most thrilling parts of San Francisco.
Departing from the Cannery：6：30 pm and 8：30 pm
Duration：1 hour and 30 minutes
Price：Available upon request
Holiday Lights Tour
Running：December 6th through December 23rd
This attractive tour takes you to some of San Francisco's most cheerful holiday scenes.Authentic fire gear is provided for your warmth as you get into the holiday spirit.
Departing from the Cannery：7：00 pm and 9：00 pm
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Duration：1 hour and 30 minutes
Advance reservations required.
4．Which of the tours is available in March?
A．San Francisco Winery Tour.
B．Back to the Fifties Tour.
C．Spooky Halloween Tour.
D．Holiday Lights Tour.
5．What can tourists do on Back to the Fifties Tour?
A．Go to Treasure Island.
B．Enjoy the holiday scenes.
C．Have free ice cream.
D．Visit the Presidio district.
6．What are tourists required to do to go on Holiday Lights Tour?
A．Take some drinks.
B．Set off early in the morning.
C．Wear warm clothes.
D．Make reservations in advance.
C
Terrafugia Inc.said Monday that its new flying car has completed its first flight，bringing the company closer to its goal of selling the flying car within the next year.The vehicle—named the Transition—has two seats，four wheels and wings that fold up so it can be driven like a car.The Transition，which flew at 1,400 feet for eight minutes last month，can reach around 70 miles per hour on the road and 115 in the air.It flies using a 23gallon tank of gas and burns 5 gallons per hour in the air.On the ground，it gets 35 miles per gallon.
Around 100 people have already put down a $10,000 deposit to get a Transition when they go on sale，and those numbers will likely rise after Terrafugia introduces the Transition to the public later this week at the New York Auto Show.But don't expect it to show up in too many driveways.It's expected to cost $279,000.And it won't help if you're stuck in traffic.The car needs a runway.
Inventors have been trying to make flying cars since the 1930s，according to Robert Mann，an airline industry expert.But Mann thinks Terrafugia has come closer than anyone to making the flying car a reality.The government has already permitted the company to use special materials to make it easier for the vehicle to fly.The
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Transition is now going through crash tests to make sure it meets federal safety standards.
Mann said Terrafugia was helped by the Federal Aviation Administration's decision five years ago to create a separate set of standards for light sport aircraft，which are lower than those for pilots of larger planes.Terrafugia says an owner would need to pass a test and complete 20 hours of flying time to be able to fly the Transition，a requirement pilots would find relatively easy to meet.
7．What is the first paragraph mainly about?
A．The basic data of the Transition.
B．The advantages of flying cars.
C．The potential market for flying cars.
D．The designers of the Transition.
8．Why is the Transition unlikely to show up in too many driveways?
A．It causes traffic jams. B．It is difficult to operate.
C．It is very expensive. D．It burns too much fuel.
9．What is the government's attitude to the development of the flying car?
A．Cautious. B．Favorable.
C．Ambiguous. D．Disapproving.
10．What is the best title for the text?
A．Flying Car at Auto Show
B．The Transition's First Flight
C．Pilots' Dream Coming True
D．Flying Car Closer to Reality
D
A Guide to the University
Food
The TWU Cafeteria is open 7am to 8pm.It serves snacks, drinks, ice cream bars and meals.You can pay with cash or your ID cards.You can add meal money to your ID cards at the Front Desk.Even if you do not buy your food in the cafeteria, you can use the tables to eat your lunch, to have meetings and to study.
If you are on campus in the evening or late at night, you can buy snacks, fast food, and drinks in the Lower Café located in the bottom level of the Gouglas Centre.This area is often used for entertainment such as concerts, games or TV watching.
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Relaxation
The Globe, located in the bottom level of McMillan Hall, is available for relaxing, studying, cooking, and eating.Monthly activities are held here for all international students.Hours are 10 am to 10 pm, closed on Sundays.
Health
Located on the top floor of Douglas Hall, the Wellness Centre is committed to physical, emotional and social health.A doctor and nurse is available if you have health questions or need immediate medical help or personal advice.The cost of this is included in your medical insurance.Hours are Monday to Friday, 9am to noon and 1：00 to 4：30pm.
Academic Support
All students have access to the Writing Centre on the upper floor of Douglas Hall.Here, qualified volunteers will work with you on written work, grammar, vocabulary, and other academic skills.You can sign up for an appointment on the signup sheet outside the door two 30minute appointments per week maximum.This service is free.
Transportation
The TWU Express is a shuttle(班车) service.The shuttle transports students between campus and the shopping center, leaving from the Mattson Centre.Operation hours are between 8am and 3pm.Saturdays only.Round trip fare is $1.
11．What can you do in the TWU Cafeteria?
A．Do homework and watch TV
B．Buy drinks and enjoy concerts
C．have meals and meet with friends
D．Add money to your ID and play chess
12．Where and when can you cook your own food?
A．The McMillan Hall, Sunday.
B．The Lower Café， Sunday.
C．The TWU Cafeteria, Friday.
D．The Globe, Friday.
13．The Guide tells us that the Wellness Centre ________.
A．is open six days a week
B．gives advice on mental health
C．trains students in medical care
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D．offers services free of charge
14．How can you seek help from the Writing Center?
A．By filling in a signup form
B．By applying online
C．By calling the center
D．By going to the center directly
E
Taking a trip to Philadelphia can be rewarding experience or absolute disasters－it all depends on pretrip homework. To make planning easier, Huffington Post Travel Series recommends attractions for those planning Philadelphia family vacations.
The Philadelphia Museum of Art
Located on 26th Street and Benjamin Franklin Parkway, the Philadelphia Museum of Art features more than 225, 000 pieces in its vast collection, dating back to the first century A．D. Guests can discover modern art exhibits, clothing collections gathered throughout time and classic posters. Audio tours are also available.
Price: adults, $ 16; children 12 to 17, $ 12; children 11 and under, free.
The Please Touch Museum
The Please Touch Museum on 4231 Avenue of the Republic offers kids the chance to explore, discover and learn in a fun environment. The museum features six interactive zones where kids and parents are encouraged to play and learn about science, the environment and more. Exhibits include Flight Fantasy, where kids learn about flying machines, and River Adventures, which teaches kids about science, nature and weather.
Price: adults, $15; children under the age of 1, free
The Philadelphia Zoo
The Philadelphia Zoo sits on a 42acre Victorian garden. The zoo features 1,300 animals, including a number of rare and endangered species. While visiting the zoo families can see big cats, zebras, giraffes, endangered turtle species and penguins. The zoo also includes rides for kids, such as a Rainforest Carousel and Camel Safari.
Price: Adults, $18; children 2 to 12, $15; children younger than 2, free.
The Franklin Institute
The Franklin Institute is Philadelphia's major science museum, and one of the oldest in the United States. The museum offers guests the chance to experience flight simulator(模拟器)and sky bikes. The first floor offers a large Kid Science
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exhibit, where children discover science through a fictional journey. The second floor features air shows.
Price: Adults, $12; children 4 to 11, $12.
15．One of the features of the Philadelphia Museum of Art is that ________.
A．visitors have access to River Adventures
B．visitors can learn about exhibits using prerecorded voice introductions
C．it has the cheapest admission fees for adults
D．it offers kids tour rides to see more endangered animals
16．The Please Touch Museum differs from the others mainly because ________.
A．it boasts a number of rare and endangered species
B．it has a large collection of clothing
C．it combines learning with pleasure
D．it includes a large kid science exhibit
17．Teenagers interested in aircraft will most likely to visit both ________.
A．the Philadelphia Museum of Art and the Please Touch Museum
B．the Please Touch Museum and the Franklin Institute
C．the Philadelphia Museum of Art and the Franklin Institute
D．the Philadelphia Zoo and the Please Touch Museum
18．Which group does the Travel Series mainly target?
A. Families with kids B. Newlymarried couples
C. Individual visitors D. Museum lovers
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课时14 阅读理解体裁解读(5)—应用文
【体裁演练】
【语篇解读】本文是一篇应用文——太平洋科学中心旅行指南。
1．B [细节理解题。根据题干中的buy a souvenir可定位到文章第一部分。在太平洋科学中心商店(Pacific Science Center's Store)可以买纪念品，再根据该部分最后一句“The store is located (位于) upstairs in Building 3...”可知，该商店在三号楼，故选B项。A、C、D三项张冠李戴。位于一号楼的咖啡馆和问询处等均不出售纪念品，排除A项；文章第一部分提到商店紧挨着Laser Dome，而不是说在Laser Dome可以买纪念品，排除C项；根据文章第三部分中的“Pushchairs and wheelchairs are available to rent at the Information Desk and Denny Way entrance.”可知，在Denny Way的入口处可以租借婴儿车和轮椅，而不能买纪念品，排除D项。]
2．D [细节理解题。根据文章第四部分中的“Today，Pacific Science Center...brings inquirybased science education to classrooms...”可知，太平洋科学中心把基于探究的科学教育带入课堂，故选D项。A、B两项无中生有，文章没有提到“培训科学教师”和“分发科学书籍”。C项曲解文意，根据文章第四部分中的“...inspiring a passion (热情) for discovery and lifelong learning in science，math and technology.”可知，太平洋科学中心激励着人们在科学、数学和技术方面有所发现以及终身学习，而不是激励着人们进行科学研究。]
3．A [推理判断题。根据文章第四部分中的“Visit pacificsciencecenter.org to find various ways you can support Pacific Science Center.”可知，该部分的写作目的是鼓励人们以各种方式支持太平洋科学中心，也就是鼓励人们捐款，故选A项。B、C两项无中生有，该部分没有提到“宣传即将举行的活动”和“介绍特殊的展览”。D项曲解文意，该部分提到了自1962年以来太平洋科学中心做的事情，但这不是为了讲述该中心的历史，而是为下文鼓励人们捐款作铺垫。]
【能力提升】
A
【语篇解读】本文是四则广告，属于应用文。文章主要介绍了四家剧院有关莎士比亚戏剧的演出信息。
1．A [细节理解题。根据National Theatre of China Beijing|Chinese下面的第三句“This production of Shakespeare's RichardⅢ will be directed by the National's Associate Director，Wang Xiaoying.”可知，将要在中国国家大剧院上演的是Richard Ⅲ，故选A项。B、C、D三项张冠李戴，它们分别是Deafinitely Theatre，Marjanishvili Theatre和Habima National Theatre要演出的戏剧。]
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2．C [细节理解题。根据Deafinitely Theatre London|British Sign Language (BSL)下面的第一句“By translating the rich and humorous text of Love's Labour's Lost into the physical language of BSL...”可知，在Deafinitely Theatre中，戏剧是用BSL(英国手语)来演出的。故选C项。A项偷换概念，文中指出Deafinitely Theatre的观众包括失聪的人和正常人两种群体，而不是它的演员；B项无中生有，文章没有说Deafinitely Theatre是伦敦最好的剧院；D项曲解文意，文中虽然提到了comedy，但提到的是这家剧院对莎士比亚的喜剧新的诠释，不是这家剧院擅长制作喜剧。]
3．D [细节理解题。根据题干中的in Hebrew可以定位至Habima National Theatre 处，根据最后一部分内容“Date &Time：Monday 28 May,7.30pm & Tuesday 29 May，7.30pm”可知，在5月29日是可以看戏剧的，故选D项。A、B、C三项张冠李戴，A、B两项是National Theatre of China的戏剧演出的时间安排；C项是Deafinitely Theatre的戏剧演出的时间安排。]
B
【语篇解读】本文是一篇应用文。文章介绍了美国旧金山的四条旅游路线。
4．A [细节理解题。根据第一个标题San Francisco Winery Tour下的February 1st through April 30th 可知，此项活动从2月1日持续到4月30日，所以如果3月份出游，要选择San Francisco Winery Tour，故选A项。]
5．C [细节理解题。根据第二个标题Back to the Fifties Tour下的“Enjoy fun history as we take you through San Francisco for a free taste of ice cream.”可知，游客在领略历史文化的同时，还有免费的冰激凌可吃，故选C项。]
6．D [细节理解题。根据最后一个标题Holiday Lights Tour下的“Advance reservations required.”可知，想参加这条路线，游客要提前预订，故选D项。]
C
【语篇解读】本文是一篇新闻报道。文章主要介绍了国外一家公司研发飞行汽车的最近进展。
7．A [主旨大意题。根据第一段中提到飞行汽车的两个座位、四个轮子以及车翼、飞行速度、油耗等情况可知，该段是在介绍飞行汽车Transition的基本数据，故选A项。B项曲解文意，该段最后三句只是列举了这款飞行汽车在路上和在空中行驶时的一些数据对比，并没有提及其优势；C项无中生有，该段并没有提及这款飞行汽车的潜在市场问题；D项以偏概全，文中确实提到了飞行汽车的设计者，但它不是本段的主要内容。]
8．C [细节理解题。根据第二段中的“But don't expect it to show up in too many driveways.It's expected to cost $279,000.”可知，此款汽车不能推广的主要原因是它太贵了，故选C项。A、B两项无中生有，文章并没有提及这款汽车会导致交通拥堵和难以操作的问题；D项曲解文意，第一段的最后两句介绍了飞行汽车的油耗，但没提及耗油太多。 ]
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9．B [观点态度题。根据第三段“The government has already permitted the company to use special materials to make it easier for the vehicle to fly.”中的permit可知，政府对此持支持的态度，故选B项。A项“谨慎的”，C项“模棱两可的”，D项“不同意的”。]
10．D [标题归纳题。本文是一则新闻报道，介绍了一种新型的飞行汽车。新闻报道的主题句通常是第一句话，本文的第一句中提到了flying car和closer to its goal of selling the flying car within the next year，由此可知，飞行汽车快要变成现实了，故选D项。A项以偏概全，该项虽然有flying car，但出现在汽车展览会上是以后的事，并不是文章重点；B项以偏概全，这款飞行汽车在上个月的飞行只是在第一段提到，并不能概括全文；C项张冠李戴，最后一段虽然提到了飞行员，但开飞行汽车不是他们的梦想。]
D
【语篇导读】 本文是广告类短文。介绍了大学部分服务项目的情况。如自助餐厅咖啡馆营业的项目及时间、地点等。
11．C [细节理解题。在TWU的自助餐厅你可以做什么？根据food部分第一段第二句It serves snacks, drinks, ice cream bars and meals.可知可以在这里吃饭；根据you can use the tables to eat your lunch, to have meetings and to study.可知可以见朋友，故选C。]
12．D [细节理解题。在什么时间和什么地点可以自己做饭？根据Relaxation部分叙述的可知可以在这里Globe做饭，时间是除了周日，所以周五可以在这里做饭，故选D。]
13．B [细解理解题。The Guide告诉我们the Wellness Center什么？根据A doctor and nurse is available if you have health questions or need immediate medical help or personal advice.可知这里能够给出关于健康的一些建议，故选B。]
14．A [细节理解题。你怎样从the Writing Center寻求帮助？根据You can sign up for an appointment on the signup sheet outside.可知要想得到帮助需要填写登记表，故选A。]
E
【语篇导读】 本文为应用文，介绍了由Huffington Post Travel Series为家庭亲子游推荐的几处值得一游的费城景点。
15．B [细节理解题。由本文第二段最后一句“Audio tours are also available.”音频旅游也可以利用。可知选B。]
16．C [细节理解题。由本文章第三段第一句“The Please Touch Museum on 4231 Avenue of the Republic offers kids the chance to explore, discover and learn in a fun environment. ”可知这个博物馆提供给孩子们探索的机会，在快乐的环境中发现和学习。可知答案选C。]
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17．B [细节理解题。由The Please Touch Museum和The Franklin Institute部分对飞行和飞行器械的展出介绍可知答案为B。]
18．A [写作目的题。由全文第一段可知，本文阅读对象是针对那些家有孩子前往费城旅游的家庭。]
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